CN114457097A - 苹果β-半乳糖苷酶基因Mdβ-gal18及在调控果实成熟软化中的应用 - Google Patents
苹果β-半乳糖苷酶基因Mdβ-gal18及在调控果实成熟软化中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种苹果β‑半乳糖苷酶基因Mdβ‑gal18及在调控果实成熟软化中的应用,分析了该基因在不同处理苹果果实采后贮藏过程中的表达模式,利用瞬时过表达和VIGS技术验证Mdβ‑gal18基因在苹果果实后熟软化中的作用,发现过表达Mdβ‑gal18基因的苹果果实与对照果实相比,乙烯释放显著升高,硬度显著降低,果实颜色明显变黄;而沉默Mdβ‑gal18基因的苹果果实乙烯释放显著降低,果实颜色偏青。说明该基因可以调控苹果果实后熟软化,对培育耐贮运的苹果新品种具有积极的指导作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域,具体涉及苹果β-半乳糖苷酶基因Mdβ-gal18及在调控果实成熟 软化中的应用。
背景技术
质地是影响果实品质的重要指标,同时也是决定果实采后贮藏寿命的重要内在因子(Li 等,2010),其中软化是果实采后质地变化最为常见的形式。苹果是典型的呼吸跃变型果实, 采后贮藏性虽优于桃、柿等水果,但不同品种间贮藏性差异很大:‘富士’等晚熟品种贮藏过 程中果实硬/脆度变化不大,而‘嘎拉’、‘金冠’和‘红星’等早/中熟苹果品种在采后贮藏过程中易 发生软化,严重影响果实口感及耐贮性,降低商品价值(齐秀东等,2015;张宗营,2016; Ge等,2019)。果实质地变化是其细胞壁结构与组分变化的表现,果胶作为细胞壁的主要组 分,其降解是导致果实软化的关键,而β-半乳糖苷酶(β-galactosidase,β-gal)水解果胶侧链上 的半乳糖是造成果实软化的重要原因之一(Tateishi等,2008)。因此,研究苹果中β-gal酶编 码基因的功能对提高苹果果实耐贮性具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种β-半乳糖苷酶基因Mdβ-gal18及在调控果实成熟软化中的应 用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案如下:
一种苹果β-半乳糖苷酶基因Mdβ-gal18,所述基因Mdβ-gal18的DNA序列如SEQ IDNO:1 所示,共2196bp;所述基因Mdβ-gal18编码蛋白的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示,共编码 731个氨基酸。
包含上述苹果β-半乳糖苷酶基因Mdβ-gal18重组载体,也落入本发明的保护范围,本发 明所选用的重组载体为农杆菌过表达载体。
本发明还公开了上述基因超表达载体构建方法,具体为:
设计带有限制性酶切位点的特异引物扩增Mdβ-gal18基因CDS序列,利用同源重组方法 将Mdβ-gal18基因整合到超表达载体pRI-101上,构建35S::Mdβ-gal18重组质粒,并通过电 击法转化至GV3101农杆菌。引物序列如下:
Mdβ-gal18-FP:TCTTCACTGTTGATACATATGATGGGTGTTGGAATTCAAA;
Mdβ-gal18-RP:CGATCGGGGAAATTCGAGCTCCTAGAGCTTCTTCGCGTCG。
上述基因VIGS载体的构建方法,具体为:
设计带有限制性酶切位点的特异引物,扩增Mdβ-gal18基因cDNA非保守区200-400bp 片段,利用同源重组方法将所扩增片段插入到TRV2载体中,构建完成pTRV2-Mdβ-Gal18重 组质粒,并通过电击法转化至GV3101农杆菌。引物序列如下:
Mdβ-Gal18-TRV-FP:ATTCTGTGAGTAAGGTTACCGAATTCGTCAAAACGTGAAC;
Mdβ-Gal18-TRV-RP:TCTTCGGGACATGCCCGGGCCTCGAGGTACCATGTAAGGG。
本发明还通过瞬时过表达Mdβ-gal18基因来验证了该基因的功能,经过研究发现,该基 因能够促进苹果果实成熟软化,具体表现为:能够加速苹果果实硬度的下降、增加乙烯释放 量、提高果实可溶性固形物含量以及促进果实色泽由绿变黄。
还可以通过抑制所述苹果β-半乳糖苷酶基因Mdβ-gal18或蛋白的功能表达能够抑制苹果 果实成熟软化,对于一些‘嘎拉’、‘金冠’和‘红星’等早/中熟苹果品种在采后贮藏过程中易发生 软化的果实储藏,可以采用这种方法。具体表现为将苹果β-半乳糖苷酶基因Mdβ-gal18沉默 能够延缓苹果果实硬度的下降、减少乙烯释放量、减少果实可溶性固形物含量以及抑制果实 色泽由绿变黄。
本发明的优点:
本发明公开了一种苹果β-半乳糖苷酶基因Mdβ-gal18,发明人分析了该基因在不同处理苹 果果实采后贮藏过程中的表达模式,利用瞬时过表达和VIGS技术验证Mdβ-gal18基因在苹 果果实后熟软化中的作用,发现过表达Mdβ-gal18基因的苹果果实与对照果实相比,乙烯释 放显著升高,硬度显著降低,果实颜色明显变黄;而沉默Mdβ-gal18基因的苹果果实乙烯释 放显著降低,果实颜色偏青。说明该基因可以调控苹果果实后熟软化,对培育耐贮运的苹果 新品种具有积极的指导作用。
有利于从分子机制上阐明苹果β-半乳糖苷酶基因Mdβ-gal18在调控苹果果实后熟软化中 的作用,为苹果分子育种提供理论基础和基因资源。
对于一些‘嘎拉’、‘金冠’和‘红星’等早/中熟苹果品种在采后贮藏过程中易发生软化的果实 储藏,可以通过敲除β-半乳糖苷酶基因Mdβ-gal18或者同源基因的方式培育一些新品种。
附图说明
图1是乙烯和1-MCP处理对金冠果实采后软化的影响;
图2是Mdβ-gal18基因全长PCR扩增电泳图;
图3是Mdβ-gal18基因在金冠果实中的表达量分析;
图4是过表达Mdβ-Gal18基因对‘金冠’果实成熟软化的影响;
图中,A:过表达Mdβ-Gal18基因的‘金冠’果实外观,比例尺=2cm;B:Mdβ-Gal18的基 因表达;C:果实在采后贮藏过程中乙烯释放速率的测定;D:硬度的测定;E:可溶性固形物含量的测定;F:色差的测定,L*代表明亮程度,a*代表绿色(-)至红色(+)的色度变化, b*代表蓝色(-)至黄色(+)的色度变化。
图5是沉默Mdβ-Gal18基因对‘金冠’果实成熟软化的影响;
图中,A:沉默Mdβ-Gal18基因的‘金冠’果实中外观,比例尺=2cm;B:Mdβ-Gal18的基 因表达;C:果实在采后贮藏过程中乙烯释放速率的测定;D:硬度的测定;E:可溶性固形物含量的测定;F:色差的测定,L*代表明亮程度,a*代表绿色(-)至红色(+)的色度变化, b*代表蓝色(-)至黄色(+)的色度变化。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例来进一步描述本发明,本发明的优点和特点将会随着描述而更为清 楚。但下述实施例中所涉及的具体实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法或按照制造厂商说 明书建议的条件实施。
若未特别指明,实施例中所用技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段。下述实施 例中的试验方法,如无特别说明,均为常规方法。如无特殊说明,所采用的试剂及材料,均 可以从市场中购买获得。
除非另行定义,文中所使用的所有专业与科学用语与本领域熟练人员所熟悉的意义相同。 此外,任何与所记载内容相似或均等的方法及材料皆可应用于本发明中。文中所述的较佳实 施方法与材料仅作示范之用。
除非另有说明,本发明的实施将使用本领域技术人员显而易见的植物学常规技术、微生 物、组织培养、分子生物学、化学、生物化学、DNA重组及生物信息学技术。这些技术均在 已经公开的文献中进行了充分解释,另外,本发明所采用的DNA提取、系统发育树的构建、 基因编辑方法、基因编辑载体的构建、基因编辑植物获得等方法,除了下述实施例采用的方 法外,采用现有文献中已经公开的方法均能实现。
此处使用的“核酸”、“核酸序列”、“核苷酸”、“核酸分子”或“多聚核苷酸”术语意思是指包 括分离的DNA分子(例如,cDNA或者基因组DNA),RNA分子(例如,信使RNA),自 然类型,突变类型,合成的DNA或RNA分子,核苷酸类似物组成的DNA或RNA分子,单 链或是双链结构。这些核酸或多聚核苷酸包括基因编码序列、反义序列及非编码区的调控序 列,但不仅限于此。这些术语包括一个基因。“基因”或“基因序列”广泛用来指一有功能的DNA 核酸序列。因此,基因可能包括基因组序列中的内含子和外显子,和/或包括cDNA中的编码 序列,和/或包括cDNA及其调控序列。在特殊实施方案中,例如有关分离的核酸序列,优先 默认其为cDNA。
“表达载体”,Expression vectors,是指在克隆载体基本骨架的基础上增加表达元件(如启 动子、RBS、终止子等),使目的基因能够表达的载体。
“农杆菌介导转化法”,Agrobacterium-mediated transformation,指将目的基因插入到经过 改造的T-DNA区,借助农杆菌的感染实现外源基因向植物细胞的转移与整合,然后通过细胞 和组织培养技术,再生出转基因植株的技术。
本发明利用乙烯作用抑制剂1-MCP处理的秦冠苹果果实和未处理的秦冠苹果果实的转 录组测序,分析筛选苹果果实软化相关差异基因,克隆候选基因并构建过表达和沉默表达载 体、进而在未成熟金冠果实中进行基因功能验证,发现过表达Mdβ-gal18可以加速苹果果实 硬度的下降、增加乙烯释放量,促进金冠果实的成熟软化;而利用VIGS沉默Mdβ-gal18基 因可显著降低乙烯释放量,并抑制苹果果实着色,延缓果实成熟。具体实验如下:
1.β-半乳糖苷酶基因Mdβ-gal18的获取
本发明利用乙烯作用抑制剂1-MCP处理秦冠苹果果实,将处理秦冠苹果果实和未处理的 秦冠苹果果实相比,乙烯(100μL·L-1,20℃,24h)处理可以使金冠果实采后贮藏过程中乙烯 释放高峰提前,促进果实硬度的下降,加速其采后软化进程;而1-MCP(1μL·L-1,20℃,24h) 处理可有效抑制金冠果实贮藏过程中乙烯的释放和果实硬度的下降,有效延缓果实采后软化 的发生(图1A)。Mdβ-gal18基因在乙烯处理的金冠果实中表达量明显上调,而在1-MCP处 理的金冠果实中表达量明显受到抑制,与苹果果实软化呈显著正相关(图1B)。
Mdβ-gal18-FP:ATGGGTGTTGGAATTCAAAC,
Mdβ-gal18-RP:CTAGAGCTTCTTCGCGTCGA;
通过PCR(试剂盒2×Flash Master Mix,购于南京诺唯赞生物科技有限公司) 获得基因Mdβ-gal18的全长序列,PCR扩增电泳图如图2所示。然后回收连接,转化到大肠 杆菌DH5a中,选择测序正确的菌液提取质粒。经测序,所述基因Mdβ-gal18的DNA序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示,共2196bp;共编码731个氨基酸,氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示。
2.Mdβ-gal18基因表达分析
荧光定量PCR步骤:利用CTAB法提取不同处理(对照、乙烯和1-MCP)金冠果实的 总RNA,采用反转录试剂盒III 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit(Vazyme,中国)合成cDNA,并以此为模板,采用SYBRTM Select PCR Master Mix(Appliedbiosystems,美国)试 剂盒,使用BIO-RAD(CFX96 optics module,美国)荧光定量PCR仪进行qRT-PCR检测。 反应总体积20μL:包括10.0μL SYBRTM Select PCR Master Mix(Appliedbiosystems,美国),1.0μL模板cDNA,2μL的上下游引物(引物浓度10μmol·L-1),7.0μL ddH2O。
反应程序:95℃10min;95℃15s,60℃30s,40个循环;95℃15s;然后以每分钟0.5℃的速度下降至60℃。
定量引物序列为:
正向Q Mdβ-gal18-FP:CAGCTTCTGTGAGTTATGACCA;
反向Q Mdβ-gal18-RP:TTCCCGGAGAAGGTTCATGG;
采用qRT-PCR分析Mdβ-gal18基因在不同处理(对照、乙烯和1-MCP)金冠果实采后贮 藏过程中的表达量变化。选取Actin(Actin-FP:GGATTTGCTGGTGATGATGCT,Actin-RP:AGTTGCTCACTATGCCGTGC)作为内参基因,用2-ΔΔCt公式计算基因相对表达量(Livak andSchmittgen,2001),结果如图3所示。
从图3可以看出,与对照组相比,Mdβ-gal18基因在乙烯处理软化加快的苹果果实其表 达量被显著诱导上调,而在1-MCP处理硬度保持较好(软化进程被有效延缓)的苹果果实中 其表达量被明显抑制。
3.功能验证
为研究Mdβ-gal18基因是否参与到苹果采后成熟软化过程中,通过超量表达和VIGS技 术沉默苹果果实该基因来分析鉴定其功能。
3.1构建重组载体
(1)超表达载体构建
设计带有限制性酶切位点的特异引物扩增Mdβ-gal18基因CDS序列,利用同源重组方法 将Mdβ-gal18基因整合到超表达载体pRI-101上,构建35S::Mdβ-gal18重组质粒,并通过电 击法转化至GV3101农杆菌。引物序列如下:
Mdβ-gal18-FP:TCTTCACTGTTGATACATATGATGGGTGTTGGAATTCAAA;
Mdβ-gal18-RP:CGATCGGGGAAATTCGAGCTCCTAGAGCTTCTTCGCGTCG。
(2)VIGS载体构建
设计带有限制性酶切位点的特异引物,扩增Mdβ-gal18基因cDNA非保守区200-400bp 片段,利用同源重组方法将所扩增片段插入到TRV2载体中,构建完成pTRV2-Mdβ-Gal18重 组质粒,并通过电击法转化至GV3101农杆菌。引物序列如下:
Mdβ-Gal18-TRV-FP:ATTCTGTGAGTAAGGTTACCGAATTCGTCAAAACGTGAAC;
Mdβ-Gal18-TRV-RP:TCTTCGGGACATGCCCGGGCCTCGAGGTACCATGTAAGGG。
3.2瞬时过表达Mdβ-gal18基因对苹果果实成熟软化的影响
用于做瞬时过表达分析的‘金冠’果实于成熟期两周前采摘。将含有35S::Mdβ-gal18重组 质粒的农杆菌菌液OD值调至0.8,利用注射法从果实顶部将含有重组质粒的农杆菌菌液接种 到果肉中,每个果实注射2mL菌液。以注射含有pRI-101空载的农杆菌菌液果实为对照。将 注射过的苹果果实置于20℃冷库中进行采后贮藏,分别于注射后第3d、6d、9d和12d测定 果实硬度、乙烯释放和色差等果实成熟软化相关指标,开展耐贮性分析。
瞬时过表达Mdβ-gal18基因后金冠果实表型如图4A所示,在采后贮藏至第12d时,与 空载对照相比,转基因果实颜色明显偏黄,说明过表达Mdβ-gal18基因促进了苹果果实成熟。 Mdβ-gal18基因表达分析如图4B所示。苹果果实乙烯释放速率测定结果如图4C所示,过表 达Mdβ-gal18基因的果实乙烯释放量显著高于对照果实;苹果果实硬度测定结果如图4D所 示,过表达Mdβ-gal18基因的果实硬度均显著低于对照果实;可溶性固形物含量(TSS)检 测如图4E所示,果实在采后贮藏至第12d时,过表达Mdβ-gal18基因的果实其TSS显著高于对照果实;果实色差测定结果如图4F所示,过表达Mdβ-gal18基因的果实其L*、a*和b* 值与对照比均显著升高,表明过表达Mdβ-gal18基因促进了苹果果实色泽由绿变黄的过程。
3.3 VIGS诱导苹果果实Mdβ-gal18基因沉默
VIGS(病毒诱导的基因沉默)诱导苹果果实基因沉默的方法参照(Wu et al.,2020.Plant Biotechnology Journal,19,1022-1037;Hu et al.,2020.The PlantJournal,103,937-950)等方法进 行。分别将构建好的沉默表达载体pTRV2-Mdβ-gal18和pTRV1的农杆菌菌液OD值调至0.8, 然后将菌液按1∶1等体积混合后,利用注射法从果实顶部将混合好的农杆菌菌液接种到果肉 中,每个果实注射2mL菌液。以注射含有pTRV1和pTRV2等量混合的菌液的果实为对照。 将注射过的苹果果实置于20℃冷库中进行采后贮藏,分别于注射后第3d、6d、9d和12d 测定果实硬度、乙烯释放和色差等果实成熟软化相关指标,开展耐贮性分析。
VIGS诱导Mdβ-gal18基因沉默后金冠果实表型如图5A所示,在采后贮藏至第12d时, 与空载对照相比,转基因果实颜色明显偏青,说明沉默Mdβ-gal18基因延缓了苹果果实成熟。 Mdβ-gal18基因表达分析如图5B所示。苹果果实乙烯释放速率测定结果如图5C所示,在采 后贮藏至第12d时,沉默表达Mdβ-gal18基因的果实乙烯释放量显著低于对照果实;苹果果 实硬度测定结果如图5D所示,沉默Mdβ-gal18基因的果实硬度与对照果实相比无显著差异; 可溶性固形物含量(TSS)检测如图5E所示,果实在采后贮藏至第6d和12d时,沉默表达 Mdβ-gal18基因的果实其TSS含量显著低于对照果实;果实色差测定结果如图5F所示,沉默 Mdβ-gal18基因的苹果果实其L*、a*和b*值与对照比均显著降低,表明沉默Mdβ-gal18基因 抑制了苹果果实色泽由绿变黄的过程。
以上所述之实施例,只是本发明的较佳实施例而已,仅仅用以解释本发明,并非限制本 发明实施范围,对于本技术领域的技术人员来说,当然可根据本说明书中所公开的技术内容, 通过置换或改变的方式轻易做出其它的实施方式,故凡在本发明的原理上所作的变化和改进 等,均应包括于本发明申请专利范围内。
序列表
<110> 河南农业大学
<120> 苹果β-半乳糖苷酶基因Mdβ-gal18及在调控果实成熟软化中的应用
<130> 2021
<160> 2
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 2196
<212> DNA
<213> Malus pumila Mill.
<400> 1
atgggtgttg gaattcaaac aatgtggagc attctgctat tgttttcctg cattttttct 60
gcagcttcag cttctgtgag ttatgaccac aaggctataa taattaatgg gcagaaaagg 120
attttaattt ctggctccat tcactatccc agaagcactc ccgagatgtg gccggattta 180
attcagaagg ccaaagatgg aggcttggat gttatacaga cctatgtgtt ttggaatggc 240
catgaacctt ctccgggaaa ttattatttc gaggacagat atgatttggt caagtttatc 300
aagctggtgc aacaagcagg cctatttgtt agtctccgga ttggccctta tgtttgcgct 360
gaatggaact tcgggggatt cccagtttgg ctgaaatatg tccctggaat cgcttttcga 420
acggacaatg agcctttcaa ggcggcaatg caaaaattta cagagaagat tgtcagcatg 480
atgaaggcag agaagctgtt tcaaactcaa ggaggtccta taattctctc tcagatagaa 540
aatgaatttg gacctgtgga atgggaaatt ggtgcacctg gaaaagctta caccaaatgg 600
gcagctcaga tggctgtagg cctagacact ggagttccat ggattatgtg caagcaagag 660
gatgcccccg atcccgttat tgacacttgc aatggtttct actgtgagaa tttcaagcca 720
aataaggact ataagcccaa aatgtggaca gaagtctgga ctggttggta tacagaattc 780
ggtggggcag ttcccactag acctgcagaa gatgtggcat tttcagttgc taggttcata 840
caaagcggcg gttcgttttt gaactattac atgtaccacg gaggaacgaa ttttggccga 900
acagccggag gtcccttcat ggccactagc tatgactacg acgccccctt agacgaatat 960
ggactacccc gggaaccaaa gtggggacat ttgagagatc tgcacaaagc cattaaatca 1020
tgtgagtctg ctttagtgtc cgttgatcct tcagtgacta aactcggaag taatcaagag 1080
gctcatgtat tcaaatcaga gtcggattgc gctgcattcc tcgcaaatta tgacgcaaaa 1140
tactctgtta aagtgagctt tggaggcggg cagtatgacc tgccgccatg gtccatcagc 1200
attcttccgg actgcaaaac cgaagtttac aacactgcaa aggttggttc gcaaagctcg 1260
caagttcaga tgacaccagt acatagtgga tttccttggc agtcattcat cgaagaaacc 1320
acctcttctg atgagaccga tacaactaca ttggacgggt tgtatgagca aataaatatc 1380
actagggata ctacagacta cttgtggtac atgacagata tcacaatagg ttctgatgaa 1440
gcgtttctaa agaacggaaa gtccccactt cttacgatct tttcagcagg tcatgccttg 1500
aatgttttca tcaatggtca gctatcagga accgtgtatg ggtcattgga gaatcctaaa 1560
ttatcattca gtcaaaacgt gaacctgaga tctggcatca acaagcttgc attgcttagc 1620
atttccgttg gtctgccgaa tgttggtact cactttgaga catggaacgc gggagttcta 1680
ggcccgatca cgttgaaggg tctgaattca ggaacatggg acatgtcagg gtggaaatgg 1740
acgtacaaga ctggtctgaa aggtgaagct ttaggcctcc atactgttac tgggagttct 1800
tctgttgaat gggtagaagg accatcgatg gctgaaaaac aaccccttac atggtacaag 1860
gctactttta atgcaccacc aggtgatgct ccattagctt tagatatggg aagcatggga 1920
aaaggtcaga tatggataaa tggacagagc gtgggacgcc actggcccgg gtacattgca 1980
cgcggcagct gtggcgattg ttcttatgcc ggaacttatg atgataagaa atgcagaact 2040
cattgtggcg agccctctca gagatggtac cacattcctc gatcatggtt gaccccgact 2100
gggaatcttt tggtggtgtt cgaagaatgg ggtggtgatc cgtcaaggat ttcgttggtt 2160
gaaagaggta cagccctcga cgcgaagaag ctctag 2196
<210> 2
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<212> PRT
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Tyr Asp Asp Lys Lys Cys Arg Thr His Cys Gly Glu Pro Ser Gln Arg
675 680 685
Trp Tyr His Ile Pro Arg Ser Trp Leu Thr Pro Thr Gly Asn Leu Leu
690 695 700
Val Val Phe Glu Glu Trp Gly Gly Asp Pro Ser Arg Ile Ser Leu Val
705 710 715 720
Glu Arg Gly Thr Ala Leu Asp Ala Lys Lys Leu
725 730
Claims (8)
1.苹果β-半乳糖苷酶基因Mdβ-gal18,其特征在于,所述基因Mdβ-gal18的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
2.权利要求1所述的苹果β-半乳糖苷酶基因Mdβ-gal18编码的蛋白,其特征在于,所述蛋白的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示。
3.包含权利要求1所述苹果β-半乳糖苷酶基因Mdβ-gal18重组载体。
4.根据权利要求3所述的重组载体,其特征在于,所述重组载体为农杆菌过表达载体。
5.权利要求1所述的苹果β-半乳糖苷酶基因Mdβ-gal18在促进苹果果实成熟软化中的应用。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述基因Mdβ-gal18能够加速苹果果实硬度的下降、增加乙烯释放量、提高果实可溶性固形物含量以及促进果实色泽由绿变黄。
7.沉默权利要求1所述的苹果β-半乳糖苷酶基因Mdβ-gal18或权利要求2所述的蛋白在抑制苹果果实成熟软化中的应用。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,将苹果β-半乳糖苷酶基因Mdβ-gal18沉默能够延缓苹果果实硬度的下降、减少乙烯释放量、减少果实可溶性固形物含量以及抑制果实色泽由绿变黄。
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WO2002083924A2 (en) * | 2001-04-11 | 2002-10-24 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Nucleic acid molecules relating to papaya ripening |
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WO2002083924A2 (en) * | 2001-04-11 | 2002-10-24 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Nucleic acid molecules relating to papaya ripening |
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