CN114456883A - Clay-based fruit and vegetable cleaning powder - Google Patents
Clay-based fruit and vegetable cleaning powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN114456883A CN114456883A CN202210140593.6A CN202210140593A CN114456883A CN 114456883 A CN114456883 A CN 114456883A CN 202210140593 A CN202210140593 A CN 202210140593A CN 114456883 A CN114456883 A CN 114456883A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/88—Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
- C11D1/94—Mixtures with anionic, cationic or non-ionic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/27—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/046—Salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/08—Silicates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
- C11D3/1233—Carbonates, e.g. calcite or dolomite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
- C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
- C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
- C11D3/1253—Layer silicates, e.g. talcum, kaolin, clay, bentonite, smectite, montmorillonite, hectorite or attapulgite
- C11D3/126—Layer silicates, e.g. talcum, kaolin, clay, bentonite, smectite, montmorillonite, hectorite or attapulgite in solid compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/22—Carbohydrates or derivatives thereof
- C11D3/222—Natural or synthetic polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, starch, gum, alginic acid or cyclodextrin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/22—Carbohydrates or derivatives thereof
- C11D3/222—Natural or synthetic polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, starch, gum, alginic acid or cyclodextrin
- C11D3/225—Natural or synthetic polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, starch, gum, alginic acid or cyclodextrin etherified, e.g. CMC
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
- C11D3/382—Vegetable products, e.g. soya meal, wood flour, sawdust
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/48—Medical, disinfecting agents, disinfecting, antibacterial, germicidal or antimicrobial compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/04—Carboxylic acids or salts thereof
- C11D1/10—Amino carboxylic acids; Imino carboxylic acids; Fatty acid condensates thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
- C11D1/29—Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/88—Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
- C11D1/90—Betaines
Abstract
The invention discloses clay-based fruit and vegetable cleaning powder. The clay-based fruit and vegetable cleaning powder comprises the following components: 50-75 wt% of modified clay, 5-15 wt% of modified straw powder, 10-25 wt% of mineral salt, 3-7 wt% of cyclodextrin, 5-15 wt% of starch, 0-10 wt% of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 1-7 wt% of water-soluble binder and 1-5 wt% of dispersant. Compared with the prior art, the clay-based fruit and vegetable cleaning powder disclosed by the invention exists in a water body in a hydrogel form, is good in uniformity, can form good contact with the surfaces of fruits and vegetables, can quickly remove pesticide residues, worm eggs, lipid wax and the like of the fruits and vegetables, is non-toxic and safe, has a certain antibacterial effect, and is easy to clean for the second time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of detergents, and particularly relates to clay-based fruit and vegetable cleaning powder.
Background
The pesticide is used in the planting production process of vegetables and fruits, so that the occurrence of diseases can be reduced, but the pesticide residue problem is also caused. Waxing fruits is the most common fruit preservation method, and waxing can prevent water loss, solve the problem of skin wilting, prevent pest erosion and delay preservation time. Although the detergent has a good cleaning effect on residual pesticides and wax layers, the detergent is easy to cause secondary pollution and is particularly difficult to wash clean.
CN105950313A discloses a lotion for reducing fruit and vegetable pesticide residues, which is prepared by adding water into 2 parts of attapulgite and 1 part of montmorillonite, and can well reduce the content of pesticide residues in agricultural products, but the lotion can not remove wax.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide clay-based fruit and vegetable cleaning powder.
The clay-based fruit and vegetable cleaning powder is characterized in that: the clay-based fruit and vegetable cleaning powder comprises the following components:
50-75 wt% of modified clay, 5-15 wt% of modified straw powder, 10-25 wt% of mineral salt, 3-7 wt% of cyclodextrin, 5-15 wt% of starch, 0-10 wt% of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 1-7 wt% of water-soluble binder and 1-5 wt% of dispersant.
Preferably, the modified clay is obtained by calcining the following raw materials: the material comprises attapulgite, dolomite, potassium feldspar, montmorillonite, calcite and sodium bicarbonate, wherein the mass ratio of the attapulgite, the dolomite, the potassium feldspar, the montmorillonite and the calcite is 50-70: 10-25: 0-15: 5-15: 0-10, and the dosage of the sodium bicarbonate is 10-15% of the total mass of the attapulgite, the dolomite, the potassium feldspar, the montmorillonite and the calcite.
More preferably, the fineness of the attapulgite, the dolomite, the potassium feldspar, the montmorillonite and the calcite is 2000-4000 meshes.
More preferably, the calcination temperature is 350-550 ℃.
Preferably, the modified straw powder is prepared by a method comprising the following steps:
(1) carrying out alcohol extraction treatment on the straw powder to obtain defatted powder;
(2) the degreased powder is sequentially subjected to acid activation treatment and alkali activation treatment.
More preferably, the solvent used for alcohol extraction is ethanol water solution with the concentration of 70-90 vt%, the temperature is 60-90 ℃, the time is 5-8 hours, and the material-liquid ratio is 1: 1-3;
more preferably, the acid used for acid activation is acetic acid, the temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the time is 2-5 hours.
More preferably, the dosage of the acetic acid is 5-15% of the mass of the defatted powder.
More preferably, the alkali used for alkali activation is a mixed alkali liquor composed of 6-10 wt% NaOH solution and 25wt% ammonia water in a volume ratio of 1:1, the temperature is 50-80 ℃, and the time is 1-3 hours.
More preferably, the dosage of the mixed alkali liquor is 5-10% of the mass of the degreased powder.
More preferably, the fineness of the modified straw powder is 1000-2000 meshes.
Preferably, the mineral salt consists of copper sulfate, ferric sulfate, calcium carbonate, sodium silicate and magnesium sulfate in a mass ratio of 5-15: 20-35: 20-40: 35-50: 5-15.
More preferably, the fineness of the mineral salt is 2000-4000 meshes.
Preferably, the water-soluble binder consists of flax gum, guar gum, sodium alginate and sodium chloride in a mass ratio of 20-35: 30-50: 25-45: 25-50.
Preferably, the dispersant consists of the following components in percentage by mass:
45-60% of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, 25-40% of dodecyl dimethyl betaine, 10-25% of sodium lauroyl glutamate and 5-15% of potassium thiocyanate.
The preparation method of the clay-based fruit and vegetable cleaning powder comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing modified straw powder, cyclodextrin, starch, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and a water-soluble binder;
adding modified clay and mineral salt, and mixing;
finally, adding the dispersing agent and mixing uniformly.
When the clay-based fruit and vegetable cleaning powder is prepared, the charging sequence is very important, and the preparation must be strictly carried out according to the charging sequence.
Preferably, after the dispersing agent is added, the mixture is uniformly mixed at a stirring speed of 5000-10000 rpm.
Advantageous effects
The clay-based fruit and vegetable cleaning powder disclosed by the invention adopts natural clay as a base material, is calcined at high temperature under the action of carbonate ions and water, and utilizes generated carbon dioxide and water vapor to break closed pore channels in the clay, so that a porous structure is formed, and the removal effect on different pesticide residues is improved.
The clay-based fruit and vegetable cleaning powder disclosed by the invention can be used for quickly removing pesticide residues, worm eggs, fatty wax and the like from fruits and vegetables, is non-toxic and safe, and has a certain antibacterial effect.
The clay-based fruit and vegetable cleaning powder disclosed by the invention utilizes the synergistic effect of the mixed mineral salt and other components, improves the detergency and simultaneously increases the antibacterial effect.
The clay-based fruit and vegetable cleaning powder disclosed by the invention exists in a water body in a hydrogel form, is good in uniformity, is in good contact with the surfaces of fruits and vegetables, improves the cleaning effect, and is easy to clean for the second time.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
1. Modified clay: 300 g of attapulgite, 70 g of dolomite, 30g of potassium feldspar, 65 g of montmorillonite and 35g of calcite which are 2400 meshes are respectively mixed, 50g of sodium bicarbonate is added, the mixture is stirred and mixed uniformly, the mixture is calcined in a muffle furnace at 500 ℃ for 5 hours, and the mixture is cooled and dried under vacuum at 20 kPa for 24 hours.
2. Modified corn straw powder: cutting 100g of corn straw into segments, crushing, drying in an oven at 80 ℃, screening, taking 50g of 200-mesh sample, performing reflux extraction for 6 hours in a Soxhlet extractor at 90 ℃ by using 100 ml of 75% (volume ratio) ethanol aqueous solution, and removing fat and biological wax to obtain the degreased powder.
Placing 300 g of defatted powder in a constant temperature oscillator at 75 ℃, adding 10 mL of glacial acetic acid every 1 h, repeating the operation for 3 times, and performing centrifugal filtration to obtain white powder. Adding the obtained white powder into 20 ml of mixed alkali liquor (prepared by mixing 8wt% of NaOH solution and 25wt% of ammonia water according to a volume ratio of 1: 1), stirring for 2 h at 80 ℃, performing suction filtration, washing with deionized water to be neutral, drying in an oven at 80 ℃, and crushing to 1000 meshes.
3. Mineral salt: 10 g of copper sulfate, 20g of ferric sulfate, 20g of calcium carbonate, 45g of sodium silicate and 5g of magnesium sulfate are mixed and then ground into 2000 meshes by a Raymond mill.
4. Dispersing agent: 12 g of sodium alcohol ether sulphate, 6 g of dodecyl dimethyl betaine, 5g of sodium lauroyl glutamate and 2 g of potassium thiocyanate are mixed and then ground into 2000 meshes by a Raymond mill.
5. Water-soluble binder: 30g of flax gum, 40g of guar gum, 30g of sodium alginate and 40g of sodium chloride are mixed and then ground into 1000 meshes by a Raymond mill.
6. Preparing fruit and vegetable cleaning powder: firstly, 50g of modified corn straw powder, 30g of cyclodextrin, 50g of starch, 25g of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and 20g of water-soluble binder are mixed and stirred for 20 min at the rotating speed of 800 rpm, 600 g of modified clay and 100g of mineral salt are added, mixed and stirred for 30 min at the rotating speed of 2000 rpm, and finally 25g of dispersing agent is added, and mixed and stirred for 30 min at 6000 rpm.
Method of use and cleaning effect: adding 5-10 g of fruit and vegetable cleaning powder into 500 ml of water, stirring and dispersing uniformly, putting fresh strawberries into the water, soaking the strawberries for 3-5 minutes, then washing the strawberries with clear water, and completely removing wax, worm eggs and the like on the surfaces of the strawberries. By adopting an LC-MS detection method, the average removal rate of the surface pesticide is 85-99%.
Comparative example 1
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the modified corn straw powder is not added in the preparation of the fruit and vegetable clean powder. Under the formula, the fruit and vegetable cleaning powder is not easy to form gel in water, and stirring is required for achieving the same cleaning effect.
Comparative example 2
The difference from the example 1 is that the cyclodextrin is not added in the preparation of the fruit and vegetable cleaning powder. Under the formula, the fruit and vegetable cleaning powder has better cleaning effect on the epidermis waxiness and the worm eggs, but slightly reduces the recovery rate of pesticide residue.
Comparative example 3
The difference from the example 1 is that the fruit and vegetable cleaning powder is prepared without adding mineral salt. Under the formula, the fruit and vegetable clean powder has a good cleaning effect on epidermal wax, insect eggs and pesticide residues, and the hydrogel stability is poor.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 1 is that no potassium thiocyanate was added to the dispersant. Under the formula, the fruit and vegetable cleaning powder is easy to agglomerate, and the stability of hydrogel is poor.
Comparative example 5
The difference from example 1 is that no sodium bicarbonate was added to the modified clay. Under the formula, the fruit and vegetable cleaning powder has a good cleaning effect on epidermal waxiness and worm eggs, but the fruit and vegetable cleaning powder is not easy to form hydrogel.
Comparative example 6
The difference from the example 1 is that the water-soluble binder and the dispersant are not added in the preparation of the fruit and vegetable cleaning powder. Under the formula, the fruit and vegetable cleaning powder cannot form hydrogel in water.
Example 2
1. Modified clay: 250 g of attapulgite, 50g of dolomite, 50g of potassium feldspar, 25g of montmorillonite and 25g of calcite with 2400 meshes are respectively mixed, 50g of sodium bicarbonate is added, the mixture is stirred and mixed uniformly, the mixture is calcined in a muffle furnace at 500 ℃ for 5 hours, and the mixture is cooled and dried under vacuum at 20 kPa for 24 hours.
2. Modified corn straw powder: cutting 100g of corn straw into segments, crushing, drying in an oven at 80 ℃, screening, taking 50g of 200-mesh sample, performing reflux extraction for 6 hours in a Soxhlet extractor at 90 ℃ by using 100 ml of 75% (volume ratio) ethanol aqueous solution, and removing fat and biological wax to obtain the degreased powder.
Placing 300 g of defatted powder in a constant temperature oscillator at 75 ℃, adding 10 mL of glacial acetic acid every 1 h, repeating the operation for 3 times, and performing centrifugal filtration to obtain white powder. Adding the obtained white powder into 20 ml of mixed alkali liquor (prepared by mixing 8wt% of NaOH solution and 25wt% of ammonia water according to a volume ratio of 1: 1), stirring for 2 h at 80 ℃, performing suction filtration, washing with deionized water to be neutral, drying in an oven at 80 ℃, and crushing to 1000 meshes.
3. Mineral salt: mixing 5g of copper sulfate, 35g of ferric sulfate, 20g of calcium carbonate, 35g of sodium silicate and 5g of magnesium sulfate, and grinding the mixture to 2000 meshes by using a Raymond mill.
4. Dispersing agent: 9 g of sodium alcohol ether sulphate, 5g of dodecyl dimethyl betaine, 3 g of sodium lauroyl glutamate and 3 g of potassium thiocyanate are mixed and then ground into 2000 meshes by a Raymond mill.
5. Water-soluble binder: 20g of flax gum, 30g of guar gum, 25g of sodium alginate and 25g of sodium chloride are mixed and ground into 1000 meshes by a Raymond mill.
6. Preparing fruit and vegetable cleaning powder: firstly, 40g of modified corn straw powder, 30g of cyclodextrin, 50g of starch, 25g of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and 20g of water-soluble binder are mixed and stirred for 20 min at the rotating speed of 800 rpm, 450 g of modified clay and 100g of mineral salt are added, mixed and stirred for 30 min at the rotating speed of 2000 rpm, finally 20g of dispersing agent is added, and mixed and stirred for 30 min at 6000 rpm.
Example 3
1. Modified clay: 350 g of attapulgite, 75 g of dolomite and 75 g of montmorillonite of 2400 meshes are respectively mixed, 50g of sodium bicarbonate is added, the mixture is stirred and mixed evenly, the mixture is calcined in a muffle furnace at 500 ℃ for 5 h, and the mixture is cooled and dried under vacuum at 20 kPa for 24 h.
2. Modified corn straw powder: cutting 100g of corn straw into segments, crushing, drying in an oven at 80 ℃, screening, taking 70 g of 200-mesh sample, performing reflux extraction for 6 hours in a Soxhlet extractor at 80 ℃ by using 100 ml of 75% (volume ratio) ethanol aqueous solution, and removing fat and biological wax to obtain the degreased powder.
Placing 250 g of defatted powder in a constant temperature oscillator at 80 deg.C, adding 10 mL of glacial acetic acid every 1 h, repeating the operation for 3 times, and performing centrifugal filtration to obtain white powder. Adding the obtained white powder into 20 ml mixed alkali solution (prepared by mixing 10wt% NaOH solution and 25wt% ammonia water according to a volume ratio of 1: 1), stirring at 60 deg.C for 2 h, filtering, washing with deionized water to neutrality, drying in oven at 80 deg.C, and pulverizing to 1000 mesh.
3. Mineral salt: 15 g of copper sulfate, 20g of ferric sulfate, 25g of calcium carbonate, 35g of sodium silicate and 5g of magnesium sulfate are mixed and then ground into 2000 meshes by a Raymond mill.
4. Dispersing agent: 15 g of sodium fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, 6.5 g of dodecyl dimethyl betaine, 3 g of sodium lauroyl glutamate and 1.5 g of potassium thiocyanate are mixed and then ground into 2000 meshes by a Raymond mill.
5. Water-soluble binder: mixing 35g of flax gum, 50g of guar gum, 45g of sodium alginate and 50g of sodium chloride, and grinding the mixture to 1000 meshes by using a Raymond mill.
6. Preparing fruit and vegetable cleaning powder: firstly, 100g of modified corn straw powder, 30g of cyclodextrin, 50g of starch, 25g of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and 20g of water-soluble binder are mixed and stirred for 20 min at the rotating speed of 800 rpm, 500 g of modified clay and 100g of mineral salt are added, mixed and stirred for 30 min at the rotating speed of 2000 rpm, and finally 23 g of dispersing agent is added, and mixed and stirred for 30 min at 6000 rpm.
Example 4
1. Modified clay: 300 g of attapulgite, 70 g of dolomite, 30g of potassium feldspar, 65 g of montmorillonite and 35g of calcite which are 2400 meshes are respectively mixed, 50g of sodium bicarbonate is added, the mixture is stirred and mixed uniformly, the mixture is calcined in a muffle furnace at 500 ℃ for 5 hours, and the mixture is cooled and dried under vacuum at 20 kPa for 24 hours.
2. Modified corn straw powder: cutting 100g of corn straw into segments, crushing, drying in an oven at 80 ℃, screening, taking 50g of 200-mesh sample, performing reflux extraction for 6 hours in a Soxhlet extractor at 60 ℃ by using 100 ml of 75% (volume ratio) ethanol aqueous solution, and removing fat and biological wax to obtain the degreased powder.
Placing 350 g of defatted powder in a constant temperature oscillator at 60 ℃, adding 10 mL of glacial acetic acid every 1 h, repeating the operation for 3 times, and performing centrifugal filtration to obtain white powder. Adding the obtained white powder into 20 ml mixed alkali solution (prepared by mixing 6wt% NaOH solution and 25wt% ammonia water according to a volume ratio of 1: 1), stirring at 50 deg.C for 2 h, filtering, washing with deionized water to neutrality, drying in oven at 80 deg.C, and pulverizing to 1000 mesh.
3. Mineral salt: 10 g of copper sulfate, 35g of ferric sulfate, 40g of calcium carbonate, 50g of sodium silicate and 15 g of magnesium sulfate are mixed and then ground into 2000 meshes by a Raymond mill.
4. Dispersing agent: 11 g of sodium fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, 10 g of dodecyl dimethyl betaine, 2.5 g of sodium lauroyl glutamate and 1.5 g of potassium thiocyanate are mixed and then ground into 2000 meshes by a Raymond mill.
5. Water-soluble binder: 30g of flax gum, 40g of guar gum, 30g of sodium alginate and 40g of sodium chloride are mixed and then ground into 1000 meshes by a Raymond mill.
6. Preparing fruit and vegetable cleaning powder: firstly, 50g of modified corn straw powder, 30g of cyclodextrin, 50g of starch and 20g of water-soluble binder are mixed and stirred for 20 min at the rotating speed of 800 rpm, 550 g of modified clay and 150 g of mineral salt are added, mixed and stirred for 30 min at the rotating speed of 2000 rpm, and finally 24 g of dispersing agent is added, and mixed and stirred for 30 min at 6000 rpm.
Example 5
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the preparation of the fruit and vegetable cleaning powder comprises the following steps: firstly, 100g of modified corn straw powder, 30g of cyclodextrin, 50g of starch, 25g of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and 20g of water-soluble binder are mixed and stirred for 20 min at the rotating speed of 800 rpm, 450 g of modified clay and 200 g of mineral salt are added, mixed and stirred for 30 min at the rotating speed of 2000 rpm, and finally 25g of dispersing agent is added, and mixed and stirred for 30 min at 6000 rpm.
Example 6
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the preparation of the fruit and vegetable cleaning powder comprises the following steps: firstly, 100g of modified corn straw powder, 30g of cyclodextrin, 50g of starch, 25g of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and 20g of water-soluble binder are mixed and stirred for 20 min at the rotating speed of 800 rpm, 450 g of modified clay and 80 g of mineral salt are added, mixed and stirred for 30 min at the rotating speed of 2000 rpm, and finally 25g of dispersing agent is added, and mixed and stirred for 30 min at 6000 rpm.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The clay-based fruit and vegetable cleaning powder is characterized in that: the clay-based fruit and vegetable cleaning powder comprises the following components:
50-75 wt% of modified clay, 5-15 wt% of modified straw powder, 10-25 wt% of mineral salt, 3-7 wt% of cyclodextrin, 5-15 wt% of starch, 0-10 wt% of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 1-7 wt% of water-soluble binder and 1-5 wt% of dispersant.
2. The clay-based fruit and vegetable cleaning powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the modified clay is obtained by calcining the following raw materials: the material comprises attapulgite, dolomite, potassium feldspar, montmorillonite, calcite and sodium bicarbonate, wherein the mass ratio of the attapulgite, the dolomite, the potassium feldspar, the montmorillonite and the calcite is 50-70: 10-25: 0-15: 5-15: 0-10, and the amount of the sodium bicarbonate is 10-15% of the total mass of the attapulgite, the dolomite, the potassium feldspar, the montmorillonite and the calcite;
preferably, the fineness of the attapulgite, the dolomite, the potassium feldspar, the montmorillonite and the calcite is 2000-4000 meshes.
3. The clay-based fruit and vegetable cleaning powder as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the calcination temperature is 350-550 ℃.
4. The clay-based fruit and vegetable cleaning powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the modified straw powder is prepared by the following steps:
(1) carrying out alcohol extraction treatment on the straw powder to obtain defatted powder;
(2) the degreased powder is subjected to acid activation treatment and alkali activation treatment in sequence.
5. The clay-based fruit and vegetable cleaning powder as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the solvent used for alcohol extraction is ethanol water solution with the concentration of 70-90 vt%, the extraction temperature is 60-90 ℃, the extraction time is 5-8 hours, and preferably, the material-liquid ratio is 1: 1-3;
the acid used for acid activation is acetic acid, the activation temperature is 60-80 ℃, the activation time is 2-5 hours, and preferably, the using amount of the acetic acid is 5-15% of the mass of the degreased powder;
the alkali used for alkali activation is mixed alkali liquor consisting of 6-10 wt% of NaOH solution and 25wt% of ammonia water according to the volume ratio of 1:1, the activation temperature is 50-80 ℃, the activation time is 1-3 hours, and preferably, the use amount of the mixed alkali liquor is 5-10% of the mass of the degreased powder;
preferably, the fineness of the modified straw powder is 1000-2000 meshes.
6. The clay-based fruit and vegetable cleaning powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the mineral salt consists of copper sulfate, ferric sulfate, calcium carbonate, sodium silicate and magnesium sulfate in a mass ratio of 5-15: 20-35: 20-40: 35-50: 5-15;
preferably, the fineness of the mineral salt is 2000-4000 meshes.
7. The clay-based fruit and vegetable cleaning powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the water-soluble binder is composed of flax gum, guar gum, sodium alginate and sodium chloride in a mass ratio of 20-35: 30-50: 25-45: 25-50.
8. The clay-based fruit and vegetable cleaning powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the dispersing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
45-60% of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, 25-40% of dodecyl dimethyl betaine, 10-25% of sodium lauroyl glutamate and 5-15% of potassium thiocyanate.
9. The preparation method of the clay-based fruit and vegetable cleaning powder as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
uniformly mixing modified straw powder, cyclodextrin, starch, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and a water-soluble binder;
adding modified clay and mineral salt, and mixing;
finally, adding the dispersing agent and mixing uniformly.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein: after the dispersing agent is added, uniformly mixing at a stirring speed of 5000-10000 rpm.
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| CN110257196A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-09-20 | 成都工业学院 | A kind of detergent and its application in fruits and vegetables cleaning |
| CN110343577A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-10-18 | 四川金中誉科技有限公司 | A kind of fruits and vegetables washing salt and preparation method thereof |
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| CN106281787A (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2017-01-04 | 彭晨 | Fruit and vegerable scavenger specially based on mineral salt |
| CN106318691A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2017-01-11 | 吴敬华 | Ultrafine calcium powder-containing bacteriostasis liquid detergent and preparation method thereof |
| CN107245382A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2017-10-13 | 中原工学院 | A kind of fruits and vegetables washing salt based on the potent removal residues of pesticides of the de- function double-unit system of suction |
| CN108865512A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-11-23 | 山东福广生物科技有限公司 | A kind of fruit vegetable clean powder |
| CN110343577A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-10-18 | 四川金中誉科技有限公司 | A kind of fruits and vegetables washing salt and preparation method thereof |
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