CN114451117A - Topdressing method for flue-cured tobacco - Google Patents
Topdressing method for flue-cured tobacco Download PDFInfo
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- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229920000805 Polyaspartic acid Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 108010064470 polyaspartate Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 abstract description 29
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 abstract description 29
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 29
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005904 alkaline hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 amino, carbonyl Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C5/00—Fertilisers containing other nitrates
- C05C5/02—Fertilisers containing other nitrates containing sodium or potassium nitrate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a top dressing method for flue-cured tobacco, which comprises primary top dressing and secondary top dressing; the fertilizer applied in the secondary topdressing comprises polyaspartic acid and a nitrogen fertilizer. The invention creatively improves the topdressing method in the flue-cured tobacco planting process, on the basis of the conventional topdressing method, the application time of a part of nitrogen fertilizer is shifted backwards, polyaspartic acid is further added for secondary topdressing, polyaspartic acid is utilized to chelate nitrogen, the root absorption of plants to the fertilizer is obviously promoted, the leaf opening degree of the upper part of the planted flue-cured tobacco and the nicotine content of the flue-cured tobacco are greatly improved, the sugar-alkali ratio better meets the requirement range of strong-flavor characteristic high-quality tobacco leaves, the chemical components are coordinated, the economic effect of the flue-cured tobacco is increased, and the flue-cured tobacco has important application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco cultivation, relates to a top dressing method for flue-cured tobacco, and particularly relates to a top dressing method for improving nicotine content and flaking degree of flue-cured tobacco.
Background
In recent years, the strong-flavor style of flue-cured tobacco in Shaoguan Yangxing and Nanxiong tobacco regions is obviously weakened. The main reasons for this are that the water-soluble sugar content of flue-cured tobacco is increased year by year, the nicotine content is decreased year by year, the sugar-base ratio is too high, and finally the physiological strength of tobacco leaves is insufficient, the taste is flat, and it is difficult to provide stable and high-quality raw materials for industrial formulas. Meanwhile, the problem of upper tobacco leaf production is also worth paying attention, after the quality of the upper 6 leaves is improved, at least 1/2 upper leaves can be used for producing high-grade tobacco leaves, and the high-grade tobacco raw materials can be increased by more than 10%. However, the upper tobacco leaves have insufficient cutting degree, which easily causes the problems of thicker leaves, higher stalk content, high baking difficulty and the like, and seriously restricts the industrial availability of the upper leaves. Therefore, a method for improving the nicotine content and the leaf opening degree of the upper leaves of the flue-cured tobacco is urgently needed in production.
At present, the main methods for promoting the increase of the nicotine content and the opening of the upper leaves comprise reducing the number of leaves, or additionally applying foliar fertilizer and the like. However, the yield is often reduced to different degrees along with the reduction of the number of leaves, and if the proportion, the average price and the yield value of medium-grade and high-grade tobaccos are not correspondingly compensated or even reduced, the enthusiasm of tobacco growers for growing the tobaccos is seriously reduced, and the stable and continuous development is difficult to realize. The problem of nicotine and upper leaf chipping can be solved in a short time by additionally applying a foliar fertilizer, particularly a foliar fertilizer with high nitrogen content, but the increased fertilizer investment can increase the risk of agricultural non-point source pollution and is not in accordance with the current green development concept.
Therefore, it is very important to develop a fertilization method capable of increasing the nicotine content and the leaf opening degree of the upper leaves on the premise of keeping the fertilizer investment unchanged or even reducing the fertilizer investment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a top dressing method for flue-cured tobacco, in particular to a top dressing method for improving the nicotine content and the splitting degree of the flue-cured tobacco.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a top dressing method for flue-cured tobacco, which comprises primary top dressing and secondary top dressing; the fertilizer applied in the secondary additional fertilizer comprises polyaspartic acid and a nitrogen fertilizer.
The polyaspartic acid is a fertilizer synergist, and the molecular structure of the polyaspartic acid contains more polar groups such as carboxyl, amino, carbonyl and the like, so that the polyaspartic acid has strong absorption and storage capacity on nutrient ions and can improve the fertilizer efficiency. Meanwhile, polyaspartic acid is easy to degrade by microorganisms, and the degradation product of polyaspartic acid can be absorbed by plants and is just a precursor for synthesizing nicotine, so that the polyaspartic acid is an environment-friendly product.
The invention creatively improves the topdressing method in the flue-cured tobacco planting process, on the basis of the conventional topdressing method, the application time of a part of nitrogen fertilizer is shifted backwards, polyaspartic acid is further added for secondary topdressing, polyaspartic acid is utilized to chelate nitrogen, the root absorption of plants to the fertilizer is obviously promoted, the leaf opening degree of the upper part of the planted flue-cured tobacco and the nicotine content of the flue-cured tobacco are greatly improved, the sugar-alkali ratio better meets the requirement range of strong-flavor characteristic high-quality tobacco leaves, the chemical components are coordinated, the economic effect of the flue-cured tobacco is increased, and the flue-cured tobacco has important application value.
Preferably, the fertilizer applied in the primary additional fertilizer contains nitrogen element, potassium element and phosphorus element.
Preferably, in the secondary additional fertilization, the mass of the polyaspartic acid accounts for 4-6% of the mass of the nitrogen element in the nitrogen fertilizer, such as 4%, 4.2%, 4.5%, 4.7%, 5.0%, 5.2%, 5.5%, 5.7%, 6.0% and the like.
Preferably, in the secondary topdressing, the mass of nitrogen element in the nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 5-15% of the total amount of nitrogen element in the fertilizer applied in the primary topdressing and the secondary topdressing, for example, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, etc.
Preferably, the total amount of nitrogen elements in the fertilizer applied in the primary and secondary topdressing is 8-12 kg/mu, such as 8 kg/mu, 8.5 kg/mu, 9 kg/mu, 9.5 kg/mu, 10 kg/mu, 10.5 kg/mu, 11 kg/mu, 11.5 kg/mu, 12 kg/mu, etc.
Preferably, in the secondary topdressing, the nitrogen fertilizer comprises potassium nitrate.
The potassium nitrate is an ideal nitrogen source and potassium source in tobacco planting, can effectively improve the quality of tobacco leaves, and does not leave any side ingredients when applied to soil. In the flue-cured tobacco planting process, potassium nitrate and polyaspartic acid are applied at the same time and are matched with each other, so that the root absorption of plants to fertilizers is promoted, and the leaf opening degree of the upper leaves of the planted flue-cured tobacco and the nicotine content of the flue-cured tobacco are obviously improved.
Preferably, the primary top dressing is performed before topping, and the secondary top dressing is performed after topping.
The time of secondary topdressing has important influence on the growth condition of the flue-cured tobacco, topping can not only promote the reoccurrence of the root system, but also stimulate the nutrients in the tobacco plant to be more distributed to the upper leaves in growth, and nicotine is synthesized by the root system and then transported to the leaves. On the premise of not influencing the early growth of the flue-cured tobacco and the yellowing of the tobacco leaves in the later period, the application time of a part of nitrogen fertilizer is shifted backwards, which is beneficial to promoting the process. Therefore, the secondary topdressing of the invention has obvious synergistic effect when being carried out after topping.
Preferably, the secondary topdressing is performed within 1 day after topping.
Preferably, the secondary topdressing is performed in a root irrigation manner.
The invention adopts a root irrigation top dressing mode to be more beneficial to the root absorption of the fertilizer by the plants than a leaf surface fertilizer spraying mode, so that the leaf opening degree of the upper part of the planted flue-cured tobacco and the nicotine content of the flue-cured tobacco are further improved.
Preferably, the planting density of the flue-cured tobacco is 1000-.
The specific value of 1000-1200 strains/mu is, for example, 1000 strains/mu, 1020 strains/mu, 1050 strains/mu, 1070 strains/mu, 1100 strains/mu, 1120 strains/mu, 1150 strains/mu, 1170 strains/mu, 1200 strains/mu, etc.
Specific numerical values among the above 50-70cm are, for example, 50cm, 52cm, 55cm, 57cm, 60cm, 62cm, 65cm, 67cm, 70cm and the like.
Specific values among the above-mentioned 100-140cm are, for example, 100cm, 105cm, 110cm, 115cm, 120cm, 125cm, 130cm, 135cm, 140cm and the like.
The recitation of numerical ranges herein includes not only the above-recited values, but also any values between any of the above-recited numerical ranges not recited, and for brevity and clarity, is not intended to be exhaustive of the specific values encompassed within the range.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
firstly, the invention creatively improves the topdressing method in the flue-cured tobacco planting process, on the basis of the conventional topdressing method, the application time of a part of nitrogen fertilizer is shifted backwards, and polyaspartic acid is further added for secondary topdressing, and polyaspartic acid chelated nitrogen is utilized to remarkably promote the root absorption of plants to the fertilizer, so that the upper leaf opening degree and the nicotine content of the planted flue-cured tobacco are greatly improved. Secondly, the invention discovers that the time of secondary topdressing has important influence on the growth condition of the flue-cured tobacco, topping can not only promote the reoccurrence of the root system, but also stimulate more nutrients in the tobacco plant to be distributed to the upper leaves in growth, and nicotine is synthesized by the root system and then transported to the leaves. On the premise of not influencing the early growth of the flue-cured tobacco and the yellowing of the tobacco leaves in the later period, the application time of a part of nitrogen fertilizer is shifted backwards, which is beneficial to promoting the process. Therefore, the secondary topdressing of the invention has obvious synergistic effect when being carried out after topping. In addition, the top dressing mode of root irrigation is more beneficial to the root absorption of the fertilizer by plants than the mode of spraying fertilizer on leaf surfaces, so that the leaf opening degree of the upper leaves of the planted flue-cured tobacco and the nicotine content of the flue-cured tobacco are further improved.
In conclusion, the invention adjusts the use time of the nitrogen fertilizer on the premise of keeping the total amount of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium input unchanged, reduces the input amount before topping while ensuring the normal growth of the flue-cured tobacco, and has simple and convenient technical operation and low cost. Compared with the conventional additional fertilization method, the tobacco produced by adopting the additional fertilization method provided by the invention has the advantages that the nicotine content of the upper leaves, the middle leaves and the lower leaves is obviously improved, the sugar-base ratio is more in line with the requirement range of the strong-flavor characteristic high-quality tobacco leaves, the chemical components are coordinated, the leaf area and the splitting degree of the upper tobacco leaves are obviously improved, the economic effect of the tobacco is increased, and the tobacco has important application value.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention, the following further describes the technical solution of the present invention with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments.
The flue-cured tobacco variety referred to in the following examples and comparative examples is Yueying 97, provided by Shaoguan city, tobacco company, Guangdong province. The previous crop of the soil to be tested is rice, and the basic physicochemical properties of the soil are as follows: pH is 5.6, organic matter is 12.31g/kg, total nitrogen is 0.98g/kg, total phosphorus is 0.39g/kg, total potassium is 15.22g/kg, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 116.51mg/kg, available phosphorus is 42.14mg/kg, and quick-acting potassium is 134.41 mg/kg. The test planting density is 1100 plants/mu, the plant spacing is 60cm, and the row spacing is 120 cm.
The test is totally provided with 9 cells, each cell is provided with 80 plants, and the periphery is provided with protection rows. Transplanting the tobacco leaves in 2020-2021 year, 2 months and 22 days, uniformly topping, leaving 18 leaves, and marking the tobacco leaves with tags. Other field management is carried out according to the technical scheme of standard production of annual tobacco leaves in Shaoguan city 2020.
The raw material information related to the invention is as follows:
the organic fertilizer special for tobacco has total nutrient of more than or equal to 8.0 percent and organic matter of more than or equal to 70 percent, and is purchased from Yunnan Spanish fertilizer GmbH; the compound fertilizer specially for tobacco has total nutrient content not less than 36% and N-P content2O5-K2O is 13-8-15, and is purchased from Hunan Crowdown science and technology GmbH; potassium nitrate for agriculture, K2More than or equal to 44.5 percent of O, more than or equal to 13.5 percent of total nitrogen, more than or equal to 58 percent of total nutrients and less than or equal to 1.0 percent of water content, which are purchased from Qinghai salt lake nitrate industry GmbH; potassium sulfate for agriculture, K2O is more than or equal to 50.0 percent and is purchased from Qingshang chemical industry (Huizhou) Co. Polyaspartic acid was purchased from luoyang collection environmental protection materials ltd.
Base fertilizer application is needed before top dressing according to the following examples and comparative examples, and the method comprises the following steps:
applying a base fertilizer 30 days before transplanting, wherein the base fertilizer formula (the dosage per mu) is as follows: 50kg of organic fertilizer special for tobacco, 30kg of compound fertilizer special for tobacco, 15.6kg of potassium nitrate for agriculture and 15kg of potassium sulfate for agriculture. Uniformly stirring the fertilizers and then carrying out one-time strip application.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a top dressing method for flue-cured tobacco, which comprises two times of top dressing, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) once top dressing
The fertilizer formula (the dosage per mu) is as follows: 20kg of special compound fertilizer for tobacco, 3.26kg of agricultural potassium nitrate and 10kg of agricultural potassium sulfate, wherein the total amount of nitrogen elements in the fertilizer is 9 kg. Uniformly stirring the fertilizers, and then applying the fertilizers for 4 times, wherein the mass ratio of the dosages is 1:2:2:1, and spraying the fertilizers for 30d, 40d, 50d and 60d after transplanting respectively.
(2) Secondary top application
And (5) immediately (within 1 day) after topping, performing secondary topdressing in a root irrigation mode. And the conventional topping mode of tobacco is adopted for topping. The preparation method of the fertilizer applied in the secondary additional fertilizer comprises the following steps: 7.14kg of agricultural potassium nitrate (namely 1kg of nitrogen-containing element) and 0.05kg of polyaspartic acid are mixed and diluted by 500 times with water.
Example 2
This example provides a method for top dressing flue-cured tobacco, which is different from example 1 only in that the amount of polyaspartic acid is changed to 0.04kg, and the other conditions refer to example 1.
Example 3
This example provides a method for top dressing flue-cured tobacco, which is different from example 1 only in that the amount of polyaspartic acid is changed to 0.06kg, and the other conditions refer to example 1.
Example 4
The present example provides a top dressing method for flue-cured tobacco, which is different from example 1 only in that the secondary top dressing is performed by means of foliar fertilizer application, and the other conditions refer to example 1.
Example 5
The present example provides a top dressing method for flue-cured tobacco, which is different from example 1 only in that the secondary top dressing is performed before topping (10 th day after the end of the primary top dressing), and the other conditions refer to example 1.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a method for top dressing of flue-cured tobacco which differs from example 1 only in that the fertilizer applied in the secondary top dressing lacks polyaspartic acid, the amount of deficiency is made up with agricultural potassium nitrate, and the other conditions refer to example 1.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example provides a top dressing method (conventional method) for flue-cured tobacco, which differs from example 1 in that secondary top dressing is not performed, and a fertilizer containing 10kg of nitrogen element is completely applied before topping, and the specific method is as follows:
the fertilizer formula (the dosage per mu) is as follows: 20kg of special compound fertilizer for tobacco, 10.4kg of agricultural potassium nitrate and 10kg of agricultural potassium sulfate, wherein the total nitrogen element content in the fertilizer is 10 kg. Uniformly stirring the fertilizers, and then applying the fertilizers for 4 times, wherein the ratio of each time is 1:2:2:1, and spraying the fertilizers for 30d, 40d, 50d and 60d after transplanting respectively.
Test example
(1) Determination of nicotine and other conventional chemical constituents
The method comprises the steps of roasting the picked fresh tobacco leaves (the roasting method is a traditional three-stage roasting process of the flue-cured tobacco, specifically referring to the second edition of tobacco modulation department compiled by Gongchang), then selecting the treated tobacco leaves of B2F grade, C3F grade and X2F grade, removing veins and crushing, and measuring the indexes of conventional chemical components such as nicotine, total sugar, reducing sugar, total nitrogen, potassium and the like by adopting a near infrared spectrometer (AFA 0000441). The test results are shown in tables 1-1 (contents of each component in the upper leaf), tables 1-2 (contents of each component in the middle leaf), and tables 1-3 (contents of each component in the lower leaf). Note: data in the table are mean ± sem of 3 replicates.
TABLE 1-1
Tables 1 to 2
| Group of | Nicotine/%) | Total sugar/% | Reducing sugar/%) | Ratio of sugar to base | Starch/%) | Potassium/%) |
| Example 1 | 2.53±0.13 | 20.24±0.24 | 18.09±0.28 | 7.99±0.02 | 2.63±0.13 | 2.95±0.53 |
| Example 2 | 2.50±0.22 | 20.29±0.15 | 18.15±0.16 | 8.11±0.17 | 2.77±0.12 | 2.91±0.36 |
| Example 3 | 2.56±0.09 | 20.16±0.22 | 18.01±0.19 | 7.87±0.09 | 2.59±0.24 | 3.02±0.22 |
| Example 4 | 2.45±0.22 | 20.59±0.31 | 18.44±0.13 | 8.40±0.07 | 2.89±0.14 | 2.88±0.15 |
| Example 5 | 1.99±0.05 | 25.02±0.12 | 21.25±0.10 | 12.57±0.06 | 4.15±0.08 | 2.75±0.56 |
| Comparative example 1 | 2.29±0.05 | 22.10±0.27 | 19.85±0.14 | 9.65±0.08 | 3.88±0.22 | 2.44±0.09 |
| Comparative example 2 | 1.93±0.02 | 25.73±0.03 | 21.98±0.12 | 13.32±0.02 | 4.42±0.07 | 2.84±0.44 |
Tables 1 to 3
| Group of | Nicotine/%) | Total sugar/% | Reducing sugar/%) | Ratio of sugar to base | Starch/%) | Potassium/%) |
| Example 1 | 1.90±0.02 | 18.43±0.53 | 16.37±0.06 | 9.68±0.18 | 4.00±0.13 | 2.72±0.56 |
| Example 2 | 1.88±0.14 | 18.49±0.12 | 16.36±0.15 | 9.82±0.21 | 4.11±0.09 | 2.82±0.23 |
| Example 3 | 1.93±0.05 | 18.38±0.25 | 16.55±0.07 | 9.52±0.15 | 3.95±0.21 | 2.68±0.51 |
| Example 4 | 1.81±0.10 | 18.56±1.11 | 16.59±0.09 | 10.25±0.11 | 3.95±0.13 | 2.73±0.25 |
| Example 5 | 1.35±0.14 | 20.56±0.15 | 18.36±0.15 | 15.23±0.19 | 4.35±0.21 | 2.75±0.51 |
| Comparative example 1 | 1.47±0.03 | 19.91±1.25 | 19.23±0.12 | 13.58±0.18 | 3.66±0.24 | 2.61±0.62 |
| Comparative example 2 | 1.28±0.03 | 20.91±0.08 | 19.69±0.16 | 16.39±0.11 | 4.48±0.29 | 2.81±0.57 |
(2) Determination of degree of opening of Upper leaf
And taking the top 3 leaves as indicating leaves, measuring and recording the length and the width of the tobacco leaves 30d after topping, taking the average value of the length and the width, and calculating the opening degree of the upper tobacco leaves. The test results are shown in Table 2. Note: data in the table are mean ± sem of 3 replicates.
TABLE 2
| Group of | Leaf length/cm | Leaf width/cm | Degree of splitting |
| Example 1 | 68.94±1.04 | 21.83±1.20 | 0.32±0.02 |
| Example 2 | 68.72±1.25 | 21.74±1.06 | 0.32±0.01 |
| Example 3 | 68.98±1.12 | 21.90±1.15 | 0.32±0.02 |
| Example 4 | 68.27±1.16 | 21.22±0.34 | 0.31±0.01 |
| Example 5 | 66.33±2.22 | 18.57±1.09 | 0.27±0.02 |
| Comparative example 1 | 66.67±1.17 | 19.61±0.57 | 0.29±0.01 |
| Comparative example 2 | 66.11±2.61 | 18.17±1.17 | 0.27±0.01 |
(3) Determination of economic Properties
Each treatment marks 30 tobacco, and the economic characters of the cured tobacco (the curing method is the same as the above) such as yield, yield value, average price, middle and high-grade tobacco proportion and the like are measured. The results of the measurements carried out in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 2 are shown in Table 3. Note: the data in the table are the mean ± sem of 3 replicates, with different lower case letters after the same column of data indicating significant differences (Duncan's method, P < 0.05).
TABLE 3
The results show that: compared with the conventional top dressing method of the comparative example 3, the nicotine content of the upper leaf, the middle leaf and the lower leaf of the flue-cured tobacco produced by adopting the top dressing method provided by the invention is obviously improved, the sugar-base ratio is more in line with the requirement range of strong-flavor type characteristic high-quality tobacco leaves, the leaf area and the leaf opening degree of the upper tobacco leaves are obviously improved, and the economic effect of the flue-cured tobacco is increased. The results of nicotine content, sugar-base ratio and opening degree of the flue-cured tobacco obtained in the comparative example 1 are inferior to those of the example 1, which shows that the potassium nitrate and the polyaspartic acid are applied in the secondary additional fertilizer, and the polyaspartic acid is utilized to chelate nitrogen elements, so that the root absorption of plants to the fertilizer is remarkably promoted, and the opening degree of upper leaves of the planted flue-cured tobacco and the nicotine content thereof are greatly improved. The results of the flue-cured tobacco obtained in example 5, such as nicotine content and opening degree, are inferior to those of example 1, which shows that the timing of secondary top dressing has an important influence on the growth condition of the flue-cured tobacco, the top dressing not only can promote the reoccurrence of the root system, but also can stimulate more nutrients in the tobacco plant to be distributed to the growing upper leaves, and the nicotine is synthesized by the root system, so the secondary top dressing needs to be carried out after the top dressing. The nicotine content and the leaf opening degree of the flue-cured tobacco obtained in the embodiment 4 are slightly inferior to those of the embodiment 1, which shows that compared with foliar fertilizer spraying, the flue-cured tobacco obtained in the invention adopts a root irrigation top dressing mode to facilitate the root absorption of the fertilizer by plants, so that the leaf opening degree of the upper leaves of the planted flue-cured tobacco and the nicotine content of the flue-cured tobacco are further improved. From the results in table 3, compared with the conventional additional fertilization method of comparative example 3, the yield of the flue-cured tobacco produced by adopting the additional fertilization method provided by the invention is improved, but the significant level is not reached, the yield and the average price are obviously improved (P is less than 0.05), and the benefit per mu is increased by 552.52 yuan. Therefore, the flue-cured tobacco obtained by the top dressing method provided by the invention has the advantages that the nicotine content and the upper leaf opening degree are obviously improved, the chemical components are coordinated, the sugar-alkali ratio is more ideal, and the economic benefit is increased.
The applicant states that the invention is illustrated by the above embodiments, but the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, i.e. the invention does not mean that the invention must be implemented by the above embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of the raw materials of the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, however, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical idea of the present invention, and these simple modifications are within the protective scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that, in the above embodiments, the various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention does not separately describe various possible combinations.
Claims (10)
1. A top dressing method for flue-cured tobacco is characterized in that the top dressing method for flue-cured tobacco comprises primary top dressing and secondary top dressing; the fertilizer applied in the secondary additional fertilizer comprises polyaspartic acid and a nitrogen fertilizer.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the fertilizer applied in the first additional fertilizer contains nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the secondary topdressing, the mass of polyaspartic acid accounts for 4-6% of the mass of nitrogen element in nitrogen fertilizer.
4. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 for top dressing of flue-cured tobacco, characterized in that in the secondary top dressing, the mass of nitrogen element in the nitrogen fertilizer is 5-15% of the total amount of nitrogen element in the fertilizer applied in the primary and secondary top dressing.
5. The method for topdressing of flue-cured tobacco according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the total amount of nitrogen elements in the fertilizer applied in the primary and secondary topdressing is 8-12 kg/acre.
6. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 for top dressing of cured tobacco, wherein in the secondary top dressing the nitrogen fertilizer comprises potassium nitrate.
7. The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first topdressing is performed before topping and the second topdressing is performed after topping.
8. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 for top dressing of flue-cured tobacco, wherein the secondary top dressing is performed within 1 day after topping.
9. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 for top dressing of flue-cured tobacco, wherein the secondary top dressing is carried out by root irrigation.
10. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the flue-cured tobacco has a planting density of 1000-.
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