CN113475341A - Beet yield and sugar increasing fertilizing method - Google Patents
Beet yield and sugar increasing fertilizing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113475341A CN113475341A CN202110934573.1A CN202110934573A CN113475341A CN 113475341 A CN113475341 A CN 113475341A CN 202110934573 A CN202110934573 A CN 202110934573A CN 113475341 A CN113475341 A CN 113475341A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for increasing yield, increasing sugar and fertilizing beet, and relates to the technical field of plant nutrition and crop cultivation. The invention comprises applying base fertilizer per hectare in the beet growing period: 240kg-260kg of excrement and humic acid, 54kg-60kg of N, 54kg kg of N and P2O584kg‑105kg、K2O144kg-156kg, trace element fertilizer 12kg-15 kg; top dressing for the first time in the rapid growth period of the leaf clumps: n72kg-80kg, P2O536kg‑45kg、K2O72kg-78 kg; and (3) topdressing for the second time in the root tuber expansion period: n54kg-60kg, K2O24kg-26 kg; and biological bacteria liquid can be sprayed in the rapid growth period and the root tuber expansion period of the leaf cluster. The invention adjusts the nutrient input ratio when the beet is fertilized according to the fertilizer requirement rule of the beetFor example, the nutrient utilization efficiency is improved on the basis of reducing fertilizer application, and the yield and the sugar content of the beet are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant nutrition and crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a beet yield and sugar increasing fertilization method.
Background
The beet is the second most sugar crop in China and the main sugar crop in the northern China, the main research aims at increasing the yield and the sugar of the beet, and the fertilizer plays a very important role in the production of the beet.
The beet is a crop with strong fertilizer-requiring capability and large fertilizer-requiring amount, and generally, every 1000kg of root tuber is produced, the beet needs to absorb 4.5kg-5kg of N and P2O51.5 kg-2.5kg，K25.5kg-10kg of O. For beet, nitrogen is the element for increasing yield and reducing quality, while potassium is the element for protecting yield and increasing quality, and is sensitive to boron and zinc.
Beet typically requires 1.6, 2 and 3 times more nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium than cereal crops, respectively. According to the test results of Jilin province, under the condition of Jilin province land, 4.7kg of nitrogen, 1.7kg of phosphorus and 6.2kg of potassium are needed for producing 1 ton of beet. The beet has strong fertilizer absorption capacity, and according to the data, the beet can absorb nitrogen accounting for 25 to 30 percent of the total amount and phosphorus or potassium accounting for 30 to 35 percent of the total amount from the organic fertilizer, and can absorb nitrogen accounting for 90 to 95 percent of the total amount, phosphorus accounting for 20 to 25 percent of the total amount and potassium accounting for 50 to 65 percent of the total amount from the fertilizer. Moreover, the fertilizer absorption time of the beet is long, and almost enough nutrients are needed from the seedling to the sugar accumulation period. The common seedling stage accounts for 15 to 20 percent of the fertilizer absorbing amount in the whole growth period; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed in the blooming period are respectively 70% -90%, 50% -66% and 53% -72% of the whole growth period; the mature sugar of the root tuber is accumulated, the required amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the growth period is reduced, the required amount only accounts for 8-9% of the total growth period, and the absorption amount of phosphorus and potassium is still more.
The reasonable fertilizer application amount of the beet is to carry out scientific fertilizer application according to the fertilizer absorption rule and characteristics of the beet, the fertilizer is applied because of soil to produce a fixed fertilizer, the farmyard manure and the like are combined, and the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are matched with the trace elements. Therefore, a reasonable fertilization scheme for sugar beet is urgently needed, and the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are matched with trace elements, so that the weight is reduced, the yield is increased, and the sugar content of the sugar beet is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a beet yield and sugar increasing fertilization method, which is characterized in that the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization ratio is adjusted to be 15:10:20, and the fertilizer is applied in batches in the fast growth period of a base fertilizer, a leaf cluster and the root tuber expansion period according to the beet fertilizer requirement rule, so that the nutrient utilization efficiency is improved, the weight is reduced, the yield is increased, and the sugar content of the beet is increased.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a beet yield and sugar increasing fertilization method comprises the following steps: per hectare
Base fertilizer: 240kg-260kg of excrement and humic acid, 54kg-60kg of N and P2O584kg-105kg、K2144kg-156kg of O and 12kg-15kg of trace element fertilizer;
top dressing for the first time in the rapid growth period of the leaf clumps: n72kg-80kg, P2O536kg-45kg、K2O 72kg-78kg；
And (3) topdressing for the second time in the root tuber expansion period: n54kg-60kg, K2O 24kg-26kg。
Preferably, the manure is one or a mixture of chicken manure, pig manure and cattle manure decomposed livestock and poultry manure.
Preferably, the humic acid is fulvic acid.
Preferably, the ratio of the excrement to the humic acid is 7-9:3-1 by mass.
Preferably, the microelement fertilizer contains boron, manganese, zinc and silicon.
More preferably, the trace element fertilizer is a mixture of borax, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, silicon dioxide and the like in a mass ratio.
Preferably, the method further comprises the step of spraying a biological fungus liquid on the leaf surfaces during the first top dressing in the rapid growth period of the leaf clusters and the second top dressing in the root tuber expansion period.
Preferably, the biological bacterial liquid agent comprises 5406 antibiotic bacteria, bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
More preferably, the biological liquid agent is a mixture of 5406 antibiotic agent, bacillus subtilis agent and bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent in the mass ratio.
Preferably, 6-8L of the biological bacteria liquid is sprayed for the first topdressing in the rapid growth period of the leaf clumps; 6-8L of biological bacteria liquid is sprayed in the second additional fertilizer in the root tuber expansion period.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a beet fertilizer application method, which comprises the steps of respectively applying nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers in a base fertilizer rapid growth period and a leaf clump growth period according to the beet fertilizer requirement rule, applying organic fertilizers of livestock and poultry manure, humic acid and trace element fertilizers of boron, manganese, zinc and silicon in the base fertilizer, and spraying biological fungus liquid on leaf surfaces in the leaf clump rapid growth period and the root clump growth period. By adopting the fertilizer application formula, the nutrient utilization efficiency is improved, the growth character of the beet is improved, the yield and the sugar content of the beet are improved, the economic benefit is higher, and the fertilizer meets the policy requirements of weight reduction and efficiency improvement in China.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the influence of different formula fertilization on the fresh weight of beet plants is as follows:
FIG. 2: the influence of different formula fertilization on the growth indexes of the beet plants;
FIG. 3: the influence of different formula fertilization on the yield of the beet;
FIG. 4: the influence of different formula fertilization on sugar content of the beet.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a beet yield and sugar increasing fertilization method, which comprises the following steps:
applying base fertilizer per hectare: 240kg-260kg of excrement and humic acid, 54kg-60kg of N and P2O584kg-105kg、K2144kg-156kg of O and 12kg-15kg of trace element fertilizer; further preferably 240kg-250kg of feces and humic acid, 54kg-57kg of N and P2O584kg-95kg、K2144kg-150kg of O and 12kg-14kg of trace element fertilizer; more preferably 240kg of feces + humic acid, 54kg of N and P2O584kg、K2O144kg and 12kg of trace element fertilizer.
The livestock and poultry manure has the characteristics of rich nutrient content and sufficient sources, and is a fertilizer resource with extremely high value. The beet sugar-free compound fertilizer not only contains large and medium elements such as N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and the like and a plurality of trace elements required by the growth and development of the beet, but also contains rich organic substances, and has the characteristics of comprehensive nutrition, long validity period and easy absorption and utilization by the beet. The invention applies a large amount of livestock and poultry manure during the beet base fertilizer, and can supply nutrients during the whole growth period of the beet. The preferred excrement of the invention is one or a mixture of more of chicken manure, pig manure and cattle manure decomposed livestock and poultry manure. The method for decomposing the livestock and poultry manure is not particularly limited, and the conventional fermentation method in the field can be adopted.
Humic acid is a mixture of natural organic macromolecular compounds, widely exists in nature, and contains elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and the like which are necessary for the growth of beet. Meanwhile, the utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can be improved, and medium and trace elements are chelated, so that the fertilizer is convenient for plants to absorb; also has soil improving effect. The invention preferably selects humic acid as fulvic acid, which is the best core component for forming soil humus, is an organic aromatic substance which is generated by decomposing and decomposing organic matters and has small molecular weight and is fully water-soluble, and is the best humic acid component in soil; the fulvic acid contains functional groups such as carboxyl, phenolic hydroxyl and the like, has stronger complexing, chelating and surface adsorption capacities and can reduce the loss of ammonium nitrogen; the moving distance of phosphorus in the soil is increased, the fixation of water-soluble phosphorus by the soil is inhibited, so that ineffective phosphorus is converted into effective phosphorus, and the absorption of phosphorus by a root system is promoted; the fulvic acid can absorb and store potassium ions, so that the content of effective potassium is increased, and particularly, the synergy of the fulvic acid to the potassium fertilizer is obvious.
When the invention is applied to the beet base fertilizer, the ratio of the livestock manure to the humic acid is preferably 7-9: 3-1; further preferably 8-9: 2-1; more preferably 9: 1.
Beet requires not only major elements but also trace elements in appropriate amounts. Although trace elements are few in the bodies of the beets, the trace elements have specific effects and are indispensable substances in the growth and development of the beets. The beet belongs to crops easy to lack boron, the leaves are yellow and wrinkled during boron deficiency, the outer leaves droop towards the ground, longitudinal black lines appear on the inner sides of leaf stalks, and new leaves are blocked; the manganese deficiency of the beet is easy to generate 'yellow spot', the leaves have green leaf spots and gradually spread to the whole leaves, finally become brown and necrotize, and the plant grows slowly or stagnates; the zinc-deficient leaf veins of the beet lose green and turn into yellow, and brown or gray spots appear, the leaf tip wilts, although the leaf stem still keeps green, the photosynthesis of the whole plant is affected; the silicon deficiency of the beet can cause the drooping of leaves and the deterioration of light receiving posture, so that the beet plants are soft and lodging and are easy to be damaged by plant diseases and insect pests. The optimized trace element fertilizer contains boron, manganese, zinc and silicon elements; further preferably, the source of the boron element is borax, the source of the manganese element is manganese sulfate, the source of the zinc fertilizer is zinc sulfate, and the source of the silicon fertilizer is silicon dioxide; more preferably, the microelement fertilizer is a mixture of borax, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, silicon dioxide and the like in a mass ratio, so as to meet the requirements of the beet on boron, manganese, zinc and silicon, improve the growth state of the beet and increase the yield and sugar content of the beet. The source of the trace element fertilizer is not specially limited, and the trace element fertilizer can be directly purchased in the market.
The beet yield and sugar increasing fertilizing method of the invention also comprises the following steps: first top dressing in the rapid growth period of the leaf bundle and second top dressing in the root tuber expansion period;
wherein, the first topdressing in the fast growth period of the leaf clump is applied per hectare: n72kg-80kg, P2O5 36kg-45kg、K272kg-78kg of O; further preferably N72 kg-76kg, P2O536kg-41kg、K272kg-75kg of O; more preferably N72kg and P2O536kg、K2O 72kg。
Wherein, the second topdressing in the root tuber expanding period is applied per hectare: n54kg-60kg, K224kg-26kg of O; more preferably N54 kg-57kg, K224kg-25kg of O; more preferably N54kg, K2O 24kg。
In the invention, the nitrogen fertilizer source comprises ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonia water, liquid ammonia, urea, calcium nitrate, sodium nitrate, ammonium sulfate nitrate and calcium ammonium nitrate; urea is preferred. The phosphate fertilizer source comprises monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate and triple superphosphate; diammonium phosphate is preferred. The potassium fertilizer source comprises potassium nitrate, monopotassium phosphate, potassium sulfate and potassium chloride; potassium chloride is preferred. The source of the fertilizer is not particularly limited, and the fertilizer can be directly purchased in the market.
Based on the requirement characteristics of beet on major elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the invention uses N to P2O5：K2O15: 10:20 provides three elements for sugar beet. Wherein, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied according to 30 percent of base fertilizer, 40 percent of rapid growth period of the leaf bundle and 30 percent of root tuber expansion period; the phosphate fertilizer is applied according to 70% of base fertilizer and 30% of rapid growth period of leaf cluster; the potash fertilizer is applied according to 60% of base fertilizer, 30% of rapid growth period of leaf cluster and 10% of root tuber expansion period, and according to the fertilizer requirement rule of the beet, through reasonable matching of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers, growth indexes of the height and fresh weight of the beet can be promoted, so that the yield and the sugar content are improved.
The invention preferably sprays the microbial inoculum by matching with the leaf surface when the first topdressing is carried out in the rapid growth period of the leaf cluster and the second topdressing is carried out in the root tuber expansion period. Further preferred microbial agents of the invention include 5406 antibiotic bacteria, bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens; more preferably, the biological agent is 5406 antibiotic agent, bacillus subtilis agent and bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent which are mixed according to equal mass ratio. The three microbial agents are compounded for use, so that the yield and the sugar content of the beet can be obviously improved. The method preferably sprays 6-8L/hectare of biological bacteria liquid for the first topdressing in the rapid growth period of beet leaf clumps and 6-8L/hectare of biological bacteria liquid for the second topdressing in the root tuber expansion period; more preferably, the biological bacteria liquid agent is sprayed to 7.5L/hectare, namely 500 ml/mu. The source of the microbial agent is not specially limited, and the microbial agent can be directly purchased in the market.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A beet yield and sugar increasing fertilization method comprises the following steps: per hectare
Base fertilizer: 240kg of excrement plus humic acid, 54kg of N and P2O584kg、K2144kg of O, 12kg of trace element fertilizer; the manure is a fermented mixture of decomposed chicken manure, pig manure and cow manure; feces: humic acid 9: 1; the trace elements are borax: manganese sulfate: zinc sulfate: silica 1:1:1: 1;
top dressing for the first time in the rapid growth period of the leaf clumps: n72kg, P2O536kg、K2O72 kg; 7.5L of biological agent is sprayed, and the biological agent is 5406 antibiotic agent: b, bacillus subtilis preparation: 1:1:1 of a bacillus amyloliquefaciens bacterial agent;
and (3) topdressing for the second time in the root tuber expansion period: n54kg, K2O24 kg; and 7.5L of biological agent is sprayed again.
Example 2
A beet yield and sugar increasing fertilization method comprises the following steps: per hectare
Base fertilizer: 250kg of excrement, humic acid, N57 kg and P2O595kg、K2150kg of O and 14kg of trace element fertilizer; the manure is decomposed chicken manure; feces: humic acid 8: 2; the microelement fertilizer is borax: manganese sulfate: zinc sulfate: silica 1:1:2: 2;
top dressing for the first time in the rapid growth period of the leaf clumps: n76 kg, P2O541kg、K2O75 kg; spraying 6L of a biological agent which is 5406 antibiotic agent: b, bacillus subtilis preparation: the ratio of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens to the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 2:1: 1;
and (3) topdressing for the second time in the root tuber expansion period: n57 kg, K2O25 kg; and spraying 6L of biological agent again.
Example 3
A beet yield and sugar increasing fertilization method comprises the following steps: per hectare
Base fertilizer: night soil, 260kg of humic acid, 60kg of N and P2O5105kg、K2O156 kg and trace element fertilizer 15 kg; the excrement is a fermented mixture of decomposed cow dung and pig dung; feces: humic acid 7: 3; the microelement fertilizer is borax: manganese sulfate: zinc sulfate: silica 1:2:3: 2;
top dressing for the first time in the rapid growth period of the leaf clumps: n80 kg, P2O545kg、K2O78 kg; spraying 8L of biological agent, wherein the biological agent is 5406 antibiotic agent: b, bacillus subtilis preparation: the ratio of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens to the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 1:2: 2;
and (3) topdressing for the second time in the root tuber expansion period: n60 kg, K2O26 kg; and 8L of biological agent is sprayed again.
Example 4
Influence of different fertilization modes on growth, yield and quality of beet
1. Materials and methods
1.1 general description of the test
The test was carried out in Baokang county, Tongliao city, Mongolia in 2019, with flat terrain and corn as the previous crop.
1.2 Fertilizer tested
The tested inorganic fertilizers were urea (N46%), diammonium phosphate (N18%, P)2O546 percent of potassium sulfate (K)2O50%), potassium chloride (K)2O60%); beet juice (N: P)2O5:K2O-8: 22: 15); grassland Feng (N: P)2O5:K2O17: 20: 8); biochar-based fertilizer (N: P)2O5:K2O＝8:19:13)。
The livestock and poultry manure is granular or powdery after being thoroughly decomposed, or a mixture of pig manure, cow manure, livestock and poultry manure and humic acid (fulvic acid), wherein the ratio of the livestock and poultry manure to the humic acid is as follows: humic acid 9: 1.
The microelement fertilizer to be tested is a mixture of borax, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, silicon dioxide and the like in mass ratio.
The tested microbial agent is a mixture of 5406 antibiotic bacteria, bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens in equal mass ratio.
1.3 tested sugar beet varieties: local major sugar beet variety KWS 0474.
1.4 design of the experiment
The test was set to 12 treatments, with no fertilization as control. The test was performed in a random arrangement and repeated 3 times. Each cell area is 40m2And keeping 400 seedlings in the theoretical community.
Treatment 1: formula 1; and (3) treatment 2: formula 2; and (3) treatment: formula 3; and (4) treatment: formula 4; and (4) treatment 5: formula 1+ foliar microbial inoculum; and (6) treatment: formula 2+ foliar microbial inoculum; and (7) treatment: a formula 3+ foliar microbial inoculum; and (4) treatment 8: formula 4+ foliar microbial inoculum; and (4) treatment: the beet is beneficial; and (4) treatment 10: the grassland is rich; and (3) treatment 11: a biochar-based fertilizer; and (4) treatment 12: no fertilizer zone (blank).
Formula 1: the total fertilizing amount ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 17:6:22, wherein the fertilizer is applied to each cell:
urea (N46%): 1.475kg (base fertilizer 0.361kg, rapid growth period of leaf bundle 0.636kg, root tuber expansion period 0.532kg)
Diammonium phosphate (N18%, P)2O546 percent): 0.626kg (base fertilizer 0.438kg, rapid growth period of leaf clump 0.188kg)
Potassium chloride (K)2O60%): 1.76kg (base fertilizer 1.056kg, leaf bunch rapid growth period 0.528kg, root tuber expansion period 0.176kg)
And (2) formula: the same as the formula 1, except that potassium chloride 1.76kg is replaced by potassium sulfate 2.112kg (base fertilizer 1.267kg, 0.634kg in the rapid growth period of the leaf cluster, 0.211kg in the root tuber expansion period)
And (3) formula: the total fertilizing amount ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15:10:20, wherein the fertilizer is applied to each cell:
urea (N46%): 1.357kg (base fertilizer 0.184kg, rapid growth period of leaf clump 0.503kg, root tuber expansion period 0.670kg)
Diammonium phosphate (N18%, P)2O546 percent): 1.043kg (0.730 kg of base fertilizer, 0.313kg of rapid growth period of leaf cluster);
potassium chloride (K)2O60%): 1.6kg (base fertilizer 0.96kg, leaf bundle rapid growth period 0.48kg, root tuber expansion period 0.16 kg).
And (4) formula: the same as formula 3, except that 1.6kg of potassium chloride is replaced by 1.92kg of potassium sulfate (1.152 kg of base fertilizer, 0.576kg of rapid growth period of leaf cluster, and 0.192kg of root tuber expansion period).
In addition: treatment 1-4: the base fertilizer is applied to the livestock and poultry manure and 240kg/hm of humic acid2(ii) a The base fertilizer is applied with 12kg/hm of trace element fertilizer at one time2。
And (5) treatment to 8: respectively fertilizing according to the sequence of treatment 1-4, and further fertilizing with biological bacteria liquid according to the ratio of 7.5L/hm2And the fertilizer is sprayed on the leaves during the first topdressing and the second topdressing.
Treatment 9-11: according to local fertilization habits, 4.8kg of beet-benefiting, grassland-rich and biochar base fertilizers are all applied as one-time base fertilizers, and topdressing is not needed in the later period.
1.5 items of measurement
1.5.1 plant biological Properties and yield determination
(1) And 3 beets with uniform growth vigor are respectively selected in the growth period to measure the growth characteristics of the treated plants, such as plant height, root thickness, root length, fresh weight of leaves, fresh weight of root tubers and the like, and simultaneously the number of green leaves of the beets at the same period is measured.
(2) And measuring the yield of the beet root tubers during harvesting, removing side rows, and harvesting all the remaining 2 rows of beet root tubers to obtain the yield, wherein the yield is converted into the yield per hectare.
1.5.2 sugar content determination
The sugar content of beet is measured by polarimeter method. Taking 3 uniformly grown beets as sugar detection samples in each cell, squeezing, filtering and taking filtrate, and measuring the sugar content of the beets by using an SGW-1 automatic polarimeter by adopting a basic lead acetate method.
1.5.3 sugar yield calculation
Sugar yield (beet yield) sugar content
1.5.4 yield calculation (kg/hm)2)
Yield-cell yield/cell area 10000
2. Test results
2.1 Effect of different recipes on fresh weight of sugar beet plants
The fresh weight of the root tuber, the fresh weight of the leaves and the total fresh weight of the plants of the beet plants are measured in the vegetative growth stage of the beet, the results are shown in figure 1, and the total fresh weight of the plants of different formulas is greatly different. From the fresh weight analysis of the root tubers of the individual plants, the treatment 3 was highest and reached 522.6 g/plant, the treatment 11 was 489.7 g/plant, the weight of the individual plants was 400g or more, the treatments 8, 7, 5, 2, 10 and 9 were added, and the weight of the individual plants of the root tubers of the treatments 1, 6, 4 and 12 was 400g or less. From the analysis of fresh weight of leaves, treatment 11 was the highest and reached 708.4 g/strain, followed by treatment 3, 657.7 g/strain, and the others were treatments 8, 4, 2, 5, 9, 6, 7, 1, 10, and 12 in that order. The total fresh weight of the plants showed approximately the same trend as the fresh weight of the plant leaves, i.e. treatment 11 was the highest reaching 1198.2 g/plant, followed by treatment 3, 1180.3 g/plant, and the others in turn were treatments 8, 5, 2, 7, 4, 9, 6, 1, 10, 12.
2.2 Effect of different formulations on the growth index of sugar beet plants
The biological properties of beet plants, such as root length, plant height, root thickness, green leaf number and the like, are investigated in the vegetative growth stage of the beet, and the results are shown in figure 2, and the biological properties of the plants are greatly different among different formulas.
From root length analysis, treatment 10 was the highest at 30.0cm, followed by treatment 3 at 29.6cm, and the others were, in order, treatment 6, 7, 5, 2, 12, 8, 4, 1, 11, and treatment 9. The change trend of the root length between different treatments does not show better consistency with the fresh weight of the plant, and whether the change trend can be used for measuring the health condition of the plant is under study. From the root crude analysis, treatment 3 was highest and reached 9.3cm, followed by treatment 2 of 8.85cm, and the others were in order treatments 8, 11, 7, 5, 4, 1, 10, 6, 9, and 12. From plant height analysis, treatment 4 was the highest and reached 60.1cm, followed by treatment 8, 59.4cm, and the others were treatments 3, 9, 6, 11, 7, 1, 5, 2, 10, and 12 in that order. From the analysis of the biological characters of the beet plants, the performances are still better in treatment 3 and treatment 8, and the performances are better consistent with the fresh weight of the plants.
2.3 Effect of different formulations on beet yield
Yield measurements were performed during the mature period of sugar beet, and the difference in yield was large for different fertilizer formulations (fig. 3). The highest yield of the treated 7-year-round rice reaches 6.55 tons/mu, and the second is thatFor treatment 10, the yield was 6.40 tons/acre, and the others were treatment 3, 5, 11, 1, 6, 9, 2, 8, 4, 12 in that order. From the analysis of the yield results, the following findings can be drawn: (1) the application of the microbial liquid is beneficial to improving the yield of the beet, and the improvement range is 1.32-14.06%; (2) the most suitable N, P, K proportion of the special fertilizer for the beet is 2:1:3, the effect of increasing the yield is not obvious when the dosage of the phosphorus fertilizer is too large in the formula fertilization, and the dosage of the potassium fertilizer can be properly increased; the optimum dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer is 180kg/hm2The optimum dosage of the phosphate fertilizer is 120kg/hm2The optimum dosage of the potash fertilizer is 240kg/hm2(ii) a (3) The beet is a chlorinity crop, and the production effect of potassium chloride is better than that of potassium sulfate in formulated fertilization; (4) compared with the fertilizer-free area, the organic fertilizer, the inorganic fertilizer, the biological fertilizer and the local customary fertilizer have obvious yield increasing effect, and the yield increasing amplitude is 2.05-37.12%. The yield of formula 7 is the highest, and the yield of formula 3 is 5.75 tons/hm2In the third place, formulation 7 and formulation 3 were superior in yield to other formulation fertilization protocols, second only to formulation 10 prairie foir, probably due to the appropriate ratio of applied nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
2.4 Effect of different formulations on sweet tea sugar content
The sugar content was also determined at the same time as the beet yield (FIG. 4), and the results showed that treatment 6 contained the highest sugar content, reaching 15.13%, followed by 14.4% for treatment 11, 14.07% and 13.6% for treatments 7 and 3, respectively, and followed by treatments 10, 5, 8, 9, 1, 2, 4, and 12. The combined analysis of the sugar content differences between the different treatments leads to the following findings: (1) the application of the microbial liquid is beneficial to improving the sugar content of the beet, and the improvement range is 6.32-20.11%; (2) the sugar content of the organic fertilizer, the inorganic fertilizer, the biological fertilizer and the local custom fertilizer is higher than that of the fertilizer-free area, the improvement range is 2.18-25.38%, and the effect of the organic fertilizer, the inorganic fertilizer and the biological fertilizer on improving the sugar content of the beet is better than that of the common compound fertilizer.
TABLE 1 differences in nutrient delivery for NPK between treatments 7 and 9-11
In summary, formula 3 and formula 7 showed significant advantages in both yield and sugar content of the beets compared to other formula fertilization protocols. Therefore, according to the fertilizer requirement rule of the beet, the invention adjusts the nutrient input proportion during the production and fertilization of the beet, accords with the growth characteristics of the beet, is more favorable for the absorption and utilization of nutrients, improves the nutrient utilization efficiency, saves the phosphorite resource, reduces the environmental pollution, has higher economic benefit in the actual production, and also accords with the policy requirement of weight reduction and efficiency improvement in China.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A beet yield and sugar increasing fertilization method is characterized by comprising the following steps: per hectare
Base fertilizer: 240kg-260kg of excrement and humic acid, 54kg-60kg of N and P2O584kg-105kg、K2O144kg-156kg, trace element fertilizer 12kg-15 kg;
top dressing for the first time in the rapid growth period of the leaf clumps: n72kg-80kg, P2O536kg-45kg、K2O72kg-78kg；
And (3) topdressing for the second time in the root tuber expansion period: n54kg-60kg, K2O 24kg-26kg。
2. The fertilization method of claim 1, wherein the manure is a mixture of one or more of chicken manure, pig manure, and cattle manure.
3. Fertilizing method according to claim 1, characterised in that the humic acid is fulvic acid.
4. Fertilizing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of manure to humic acid is 7-9:3-1 by mass.
5. The fertilization method of claim 1, wherein the microelement fertilizer comprises boron, manganese, zinc, and silicon.
6. Fertilizing method according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that the trace-element fertilizer is a mixture of borax, manganese sulphate, zinc sulphate and silicon dioxide in the same mass ratio.
7. The fertilizing method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the step of spraying the biological fungus liquid on the leaf surfaces during the first top dressing of the rapid growth period of the leaf clusters and the second top dressing of the root tuber expansion period.
8. The fertilization method of claim 7, wherein the biological bacterial solution comprises 5406 antibiotic bacteria, bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
9. The fertilization method of claim 8, wherein the biological liquid is a mixture of 5406 antibiotic agent, bacillus subtilis agent and bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent in equal mass ratio.
10. The fertilization method of claim 7, wherein the first topdressing of the biological bacteria liquid agent in the rapid growth phase of the leaf bundle is 6-8L; 6-8L of biological bacteria liquid is sprayed in the second additional fertilizer in the root tuber expansion period.
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