CN114431354A - Rabbit feed and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Rabbit feed and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114431354A
CN114431354A CN202011221674.6A CN202011221674A CN114431354A CN 114431354 A CN114431354 A CN 114431354A CN 202011221674 A CN202011221674 A CN 202011221674A CN 114431354 A CN114431354 A CN 114431354A
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parts
rabbits
rabbit feed
vitamin
rabbit
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崔一
王振华
陈淑芳
杨锴
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HEBEI KEXING PHARMACEUTICAL CO Ltd
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HEBEI KEXING PHARMACEUTICAL CO Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/50—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for rodents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
    • A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
    • A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/189—Enzymes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/30—Oligoelements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of feed, and discloses rabbit feed and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation process is simple, the prepared rabbit feed is suitable for feeding rabbits, and the body constitution of the fed rabbits is enhanced by adding raw materials in a reasonable proportion; the feed conversion rate is improved by adding amino acid and other nutrient substances; the digestion and absorption of the feed by the rabbits are promoted by adding the enzyme and the probiotics, and compared with the prior art, the rabbit feed disclosed by the invention can be used for better improving the appetite of the rabbits and the milk yield of female rabbits so as to improve the survival rate of young rabbits.

Description

Rabbit feed and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed production, and relates to a mammal feed, a preparation method and application thereof, in particular to a rabbit feed, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The rabbit meat fiber is tender, can be easily digested and absorbed by human body after being processed, and has high nutritive value. As the first rabbit breeding country in China, along with the development of the rabbit breeding industry, the rabbit feed processing industry is synchronously and rapidly developed. The rabbit feed production technology is mature at present, and the raw materials of the common rabbit feed generally comprise 30-40% of peanut seedlings or peanut shells, 5-10% of cereal grasses or beanstalks, 5-15% of corn or corn byproducts (such as corn germ meal, corn husks and the like), 15-20% of wheat or wheat byproducts (such as bran, malt roots, wheat middlings and the like) and 10-15% of protein feed such as bean pulp or sunflower meal and the like. However, wheat or wheat byproducts, corn or corn byproducts and protein raw materials contain certain proportions of anti-nutritional factors, such as crude fibers, glucan, pectin, non-starch polysaccharides and other nutrient substances which are difficult to digest and absorb, and the existence of the substances hinders the nutrient absorption of the feed by rabbits, reduces the feed utilization efficiency and increases the breeding cost.
However, rabbits grow fast and metabolize vigorously in vivo, and need to be supplemented with sufficient protein, inorganic salt and vitamins in time. The health level of female rabbits in the lactation period is very important for the survival rate of young rabbits, so the rabbit feed which is easy to digest and absorb, can improve the appetite of the rabbits, improves the lactation amount of the female rabbits and the survival rate of the young rabbits and has high feed conversion rate is especially important by improving the composition of the rabbit feed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the rabbit feed so as to achieve the purposes of improving the appetite of rabbits and increasing the lactation yield of female rabbits and the survival rate of young rabbits;
another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above rabbit feed;
the invention also aims to provide an application of the rabbit feed.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a rabbit feed is prepared from the raw materials of effective components of the rabbit feed in parts by weight: 7-9 parts of corn, 32-34 parts of bran, 4-6 parts of rice bran, 10-12 parts of soybean meal, 3-5 parts of wheat middling, 11.5-13.5 parts of peanut shell, 7-9 parts of dried folium artemisiae argyi, 0.5-1.5 parts of sodium chloride, 0.5-2 parts of calcium chloride, 0.15-1.15 parts of methionine, 0.3-1.3 parts of lysine and 1-3 parts of premix.
As a limitation of the present invention, the effective components constituting the premix include: iron element, copper element, manganese element, cobalt element, iodine element, selenium element, vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K, thiamine, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, and vitamin B12Nicotinic acid, choline, biotin, bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecalis, cellulase and phytase.
The iron element is from ferric sulfate, the copper element is from copper sulfate, the manganese element is from manganese sulfate, the cobalt element is from cobalt sulfate, the iodine element is from potassium iodide, and the selenium element is from sodium selenite.
As a further limitation of the invention, each thousand parts of the premix comprises, by weight, 285 parts of iron sulfate 178-30.01-0.03 part, 40-55 parts of vitamin E, 1-3 parts of vitamin K, 1-3 parts of thiamine, 4-7 parts of riboflavin, 40-55 parts of pantothenic acid, 1-3 parts of pyridoxine, and vitamin B120.01 to 0.04 portion, 40 to 55 portions of nicotinic acid, 8.50 to 10.5 portions of choline, 0.1 to 0.35 portion of biotin, 8 to 12 portions of cellulase, 10 to 17 portions of phytase, 9 to 12 portions of bacillus subtilis, 9 to 12 portions of enterococcus faecalis and the balance of bran.
As still further limitation of the invention, the enzymatic activity of the cellulase is more than or equal to 1 x 104U/g, the enzyme activity of the phytase is more than or equal to 0.5 multiplied by 104U/g, the viable count of the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 109CFU/g, the viable count of the enterococcus faecalis is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 109CFU/g。
The raw material composition and the enzyme activity of the invention are determined by a large amount of repeated screening according to the characteristics of the raw materials and the usage amount in the feed, and the expected application effect can not be achieved by randomly changing the raw material composition and the enzyme activity.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the rabbit feed, which comprises the steps of crushing, drying and sieving corn, rice bran, soybean meal, peanut shells and dried folium artemisiae argyi, and uniformly mixing the obtained powder with bran, wheat middling, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, methionine, lysine and premix to obtain the rabbit feed.
As a limitation of the invention, the temperature of the drying is 100-120 ℃, and the time is 30-40 min.
As another limitation of the invention, the screened mesh size is 20-30 mesh.
Wherein, the rabbit feed can be prepared into different dosage forms, such as granular form, spherical form, tablet form, etc. by a conventional granulation method.
The invention also provides an application of the rabbit feed, and the rabbit feed is used for feeding rabbits to improve the appetite of the rabbits and the lactation amount of female rabbits, so that the survival rate of young rabbits is improved.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the rabbit feed disclosed by the invention ensures the nutrition required in the growth, development and metabolic processes of rabbits by adding the wheat and the byproducts thereof, the corn and the protein raw materials, the inorganic salt and the amino acid in a reasonable proportion, has good palatability, improves the appetite of the rabbits, and improves the immunity of the rabbits, so that the health level of female rabbits in the lactation period and the survival rate of young rabbits are obviously improved;
(2) according to the rabbit feed, the phytase with a proper proportion is used in the feed, and calcium hydrophosphate is not added on the premise of not influencing the production performance of rabbits, so that the phosphorus emission in the rabbit breeding process is effectively reduced, and the feed is safe and environment-friendly;
(3) according to the rabbit feed, the bacillus subtilis, the enterococcus faecalis, the cellulase and the phytase are added to decompose antinutritional factors such as crude fiber, non-starch polysaccharide and phytic acid in the rabbit feed, so that nutrients such as carbohydrates and proteins in feed raw materials are fully degraded, meanwhile, the insufficient secretion of endogenous enzymes of rabbits is supplemented, the digestion and absorption of the rabbits on feed nutrients are promoted, and the feed conversion rate is improved;
(4) the rabbit feed disclosed by the invention is simple in preparation method, low in cost and low in energy consumption, and raw materials are easy to obtain, so that the rabbit feed is suitable for industrial production;
in conclusion, the rabbit feed disclosed by the invention is reasonable in components, rich in nutrition, easy to obtain in raw materials, safe and environment-friendly, and not only can improve the appetite of rabbits, but also can promote the lactation performance of female rabbits and the survival rate of young rabbits; the preparation method is easy to control and suitable for industrial production; the preparation method is suitable for preparing the rabbit feed, and the prepared rabbit feed is suitable for feeding rabbits.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure.
EXAMPLES 1-6 preparation of Rabbit feed
Examples 1 to 6 are methods for preparing rabbit feed, respectively, according to the following steps;
1) preparation of premix
Pre-preparing the premixes of the embodiments 1 to 6 according to the premix raw material table shown in the table 1, and uniformly mixing the premix raw materials in the corresponding proportion to obtain the premixes; the Bacillus subtilis and enterococcus faecalis are obtained from Luoyang Ogaokukebye Biotech, Inc., the cellulase and phytase are obtained from Shandong Kete enzyme preparation, Inc., and the rest raw materials are obtained from market.
TABLE 1 EXAMPLES 1-6 premix feed Table
Figure BDA0002762239530000041
Figure BDA0002762239530000051
2) Preparation of rabbit feed
Rabbit feeds of examples 1-6 were prepared according to the rabbit feed raw materials shown in table 2, respectively; wherein, the premix used in each embodiment is prepared in step 1), the corn, the rice bran, the soybean meal, the peanut shell and the folium artemisiae argyi are weighed according to the corresponding amount in the table 2 and are placed in a chopper to be chopped, the ground powder is dried for 30-40min at the temperature of 100 ℃ and 120 ℃, the powder is sieved by a sieve with the aperture of 20-30 meshes, all the sieved powder is taken to be uniformly stirred with the other raw materials in the table 2, and the rabbit feed is obtained, wherein the specific process parameters are shown in the table 3.
Table 2 examples 1-6 raw materials for rabbit feed
Figure BDA0002762239530000052
TABLE 3 Rabbit feed Process parameters
Figure BDA0002762239530000053
Figure BDA0002762239530000061
The rabbit feeds M1-M6 prepared in examples 1-6 can be processed into feeds in various states including granules, tablets, powders, pastes, etc. by general methods, or the rabbit feeds obtained in examples 1-6 can be directly fed to rabbits.
Example 7 application of Rabbit feed
420 postpartum female rabbits of the Aralia chinensis parent generation with consistent body condition and weight are selected and randomly divided into 7 groups, namely an A1-A6 group and a control group, wherein each group comprises 60 rabbits, the A1-A6 groups feed rabbit feeds M1-M6 prepared in examples 1-6 one by one, the control group feeds a certain commercially available rabbit feed, all test rabbits are fed in the same female rabbit hutch, and a special feeder is responsible for the feeding. Before experimental rabbit went into the house, the rabbit house was according to the empty cleaning and disinfecting of rabbit farm conventionality and gassing (fumigation and disinfection), and the ventilation of rabbit house wet curtain automatic temperature control keeps the rabbit house temperature within 28 ℃, regularly adds the fodder 2 times every day, for 35 days in term, and female rabbit freely eats, drinks water, with the mother and young separately management after the farrowing, 7 every day: 00 and 22: 00, feeding twice, taking the average value of the difference of litter weights of the young rabbits before and after two times of feeding as the daily lactation yield of the rabbit, detecting every 5 days after farrowing, and calculating the average daily lactation yield of the female rabbits in the group; weighing average birth nest weight on the 3 rd day after delivery; in the experimental process, the average feed utilization rate, the average litter weight of 21-day-old rabbits and the average litter weight of 35-day-old rabbits are weighed and calculated, the number of born rabbits and the number of dead rabbits are recorded, and the survival rate of the newborn rabbits is calculated; the results are reported in table 4:
TABLE 4 Rabbit feed application test results
Figure BDA0002762239530000062
As can be seen from Table 3, the average feed intake rate of the group A1-A6 fed with the rabbit feed of the invention is higher than that of the control group, which indicates that the feed eaten by female rabbits can stimulate appetite; the average daily lactation yield, the survival rate of the born rabbits, the average litter weight at 21-day age and the average litter weight at 35-day age of the female rabbits of the A1-A6 groups are all obviously higher than those of a control group; compared with the commercially available product, the rabbit feed disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the appetite of the female rabbits is stimulated, the physique of the female rabbits is enhanced, the lactation capacity of the female rabbits is improved, the lactation amount is larger, the physique of the newborn rabbits is better after eating breast milk, and the survival rate of the newborn rabbits is effectively improved.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described above, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The rabbit feed is characterized in that raw materials for preparing effective components of the rabbit feed comprise the following components in parts by weight: 7-9 parts of corn, 32-34 parts of bran, 4-6 parts of rice bran, 10-12 parts of soybean meal, 3-5 parts of wheat middling, 11.5-13.5 parts of peanut shell, 7-9 parts of dried folium artemisiae argyi, 0.5-1.5 parts of sodium chloride, 0.5-2 parts of calcium chloride, 0.15-1.15 parts of methionine, 0.3-1.3 parts of lysine and 1-3 parts of premix.
2. The rabbit feed according to claim 1, wherein the effective ingredients of the premix comprise: iron element, copper element, manganese element, cobalt element, iodine element, selenium element, vitamin A, vitamin D3Vitamin E, vitamin K, thiamine, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, vitamin B12Nicotinic acid, choline, biotin, bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecalis, cellulase and phytase.
3. The rabbit feed as claimed in claim 2, wherein the premix comprises, in parts by weight, 178-30.01-0.03 part, 40-55 parts of vitamin E, 1-3 parts of vitamin K, 1-3 parts of thiamine, 4-7 parts of riboflavin, 40-55 parts of pantothenic acid, 1-3 parts of pyridoxine, and vitamin B120.01-0.04 part of nicotinic acid, 40-55 parts of nicotinic acid, 8.5-10.5 parts of choline, 0.1-0.35 part of biotin, 8-12 parts of cellulase, 10-17 parts of phytase, 9-12 parts of bacillus subtilis, 9-12 parts of enterococcus faecalis and the balance of bran.
4. The rabbit feed according to claim 3, wherein the enzymatic activity of the cellulase is not less than 1 x 104 U/g, the enzyme activity of the phytase is more than or equal to 0.5 multiplied by 104 U/g, the viable count of the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 109 CFU/g, the viable count of the enterococcus faecalis is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 109 CFU/g。
5. A method for preparing rabbit feed according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the rabbit feed is prepared by pulverizing corn, rice bran, soybean meal, peanut shell and dried folium Artemisiae Argyi, drying, sieving, mixing the obtained powder with bran, wheat middling, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, methionine, lysine and premix.
6. The method for preparing rabbit feed according to claim 5, wherein the drying temperature is 100-120 ℃ and the drying time is 30-40 min.
7. The method for preparing rabbit feed according to claim 5 or 6, wherein said sieved mesh has a pore size of 20-30 mesh.
8. Use of a rabbit feed according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein said rabbit feed is used for feeding rabbits, for increasing the appetite of the rabbits and the lactation yield of the female rabbits, and further for increasing the survival rate of the young rabbits.
CN202011221674.6A 2020-11-05 2020-11-05 Rabbit feed and preparation method and application thereof Pending CN114431354A (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103652481A (en) * 2013-12-10 2014-03-26 青岛康大食品有限公司 Back-up female rabbit feed for improving reproductive performance of female rabbits and preparation method thereof
CN109832463A (en) * 2018-12-26 2019-06-04 青岛江大饲料开发有限公司 A kind of rabbit feed and its preparation method and application can promote digestion

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103652481A (en) * 2013-12-10 2014-03-26 青岛康大食品有限公司 Back-up female rabbit feed for improving reproductive performance of female rabbits and preparation method thereof
CN109832463A (en) * 2018-12-26 2019-06-04 青岛江大饲料开发有限公司 A kind of rabbit feed and its preparation method and application can promote digestion

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
郑建婷;冯国亮;曹亮;李燕平;牛晓艳;黄淑芳;唐耀平;任克良;: "枯草芽孢杆菌和复合酶制剂对獭兔生长性能、养分表观消化率、屠宰性能、免疫器官指数及毛皮质量的影响" *

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Application publication date: 20220506