CN105876135B - Low-fish-meal-content pellet compound feed for juvenile trionyx sinensis and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-fish-meal-content pellet compound feed for juvenile trionyx sinensis and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-fish-meal compound feed for young Chinese soft-shelled turtles and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of feeds. The feed provided by the invention comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 35-40% of fish meal, 10-15% of fermented soybean meal, 10-15% of soybean protein concentrate, 2-3% of corn protein powder, 20-22% of gelatinized starch, 6-12% of compound animal source nutrition phagostimulant, 1.5-2.0% of mixed oil, 0.1-0.3% of enveloped methionine, 0.1-0.3% of choline chloride, 0.8-1.2% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3-0.5% of vitamin premix, 0.3-0.5% of mineral premix and 0.01-0.02% of phytase. The feed provided by the invention has comprehensive and balanced nutrition, meets the nutritional requirements of the young Chinese soft-shelled turtles, reduces the fish meal dosage compared with the current commercial feed for the young Chinese soft-shelled turtles, greatly reduces the production cost, and has good feeding effect and low feed coefficient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a low-fish-meal compound feed for young Chinese soft-shelled turtles and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of aquatic feeds.
Background
The Trionyx sinensis (Trionyx sinensis) is commonly called soft-shelled turtles, soft-shelled turtles and the like, is rich in nutrition, is a famous and precious aquatic product with homologous herbal cuisine, is deeply loved by vast consumers in China, has very rare natural resources, is mainly cultured artificially in market supply, is widely cultured in Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangsu and the like, has the annual total yield of more than 30 ten thousand tons of Chinese soft-shelled turtles cultured in all parts of the country in recent years, and becomes one of the famous and precious special cultured aquatic products in China.
Because the Chinese soft-shelled turtles belong to the omnivorous meat-preferentially eating animals, the using amount of the fish meal in the feed is very high, and the using amount of the fish meal in the compound feed of the Chinese soft-shelled turtles of various brands sold in the market at present is generally over 50 percent. Regarding the development and application of the compound feed for the Chinese soft-shelled turtles, the fish meal dosage in the domestic existing feed for the young soft-shelled turtles is 58-70%. In recent years, the price of fish meal rises dramatically, so that the price of the compound feed for the Chinese soft-shelled turtles with high fish meal dosage rises, the price of various commercial feeds for the Chinese soft-shelled turtles in the market at present exceeds 10000 yuan/ton, and the feed price continuously rises and continuously compresses the profit space for breeding the Chinese soft-shelled turtles, so that the healthy sustainable development of the artificial breeding industry of the Chinese soft-shelled turtles in China is severely restricted. Therefore, the research and development of the low-fish meal and low-cost compound feed for the Chinese soft-shelled turtles with good feeding effect is very significant and urgent for the efficient and healthy breeding of the Chinese soft-shelled turtles.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-fish-meal young Chinese soft-shelled turtle pellet compound feed and a preparation method thereof, so as to reduce the fish meal dosage and production cost of the compound feed for the Chinese soft-shelled turtles and improve the feeding effect of the compound feed.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the low-fish-meal young Chinese soft-shelled turtle pellet compound feed comprises the following raw materials in percentage: 35-40% of fish meal, 10-15% of fermented soybean meal, 10-15% of soybean protein concentrate, 2-3% of corn protein powder, 20-22% of gelatinized starch, 6-12% of compound animal source nutrition phagostimulant, 1.5-2.0% of mixed oil, 0.1-0.3% of enveloped methionine, 0.1-0.3% of choline chloride, 0.8-1.2% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3-0.5% of vitamin premix, 0.3-0.5% of mineral premix and 0.01-0.02% of phytase.
In one embodiment of the invention, the fermented soybean meal is prepared by crushing peeled soybean meal, sieving with a 60-mesh sieve, adding bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum, saccharomyces cerevisiae and clostridium butyricum, mixing and fermenting, wherein the water content of a fermented product is 18%, the fermentation temperature is 32-37 ℃, the sealed fermentation time is 36-40h, stirring is carried out for 1 time every 10-12h during fermentation, and the viable count of each bacterium in the fermented product reaches 107-108CFU/gram.
In one embodiment of the invention, the composite animal-derived nutrition phagostimulant comprises 300g of squid viscera dry powder, 300g of shrimp head dry powder, 200g of puffed blood powder, 150g of degreased silkworm chrysalis dry powder, 25g of perinereis aibuhitensis dry powder and 25g of earthworm dry powder in every 1000g of the composite animal-derived nutrition phagostimulant, and all the dry powders are sieved by a 60-mesh sieve.
In one embodiment of the invention, the mixed oil comprises 700g of soybean oil, 200g of rapeseed oil, 50g of fish oil and 50g of lard per 1000g of oil.
In one embodiment of the invention, the vitamin premix contains VE 140mg, VK 6mg, VA 14000IU and VD per 1000g33200IU、VB15mg、VB225mg、VB620mg、VB120.5mg, 180mg of nicotinic acid, 5mg of folic acid, l000mg of inositol, 2.5mg of biotin, 50mg of calcium pantothenate and the balance of carrier corn flour.
In one embodiment of the invention, each 1000g of the mineral premix contains 8mg of copper sulfate, 350mg of ferrous sulfate, 50mg of zinc sulfate, 60mg of manganese sulfate, 60mg of cobalt chloride, 5mg of sodium selenite, 150mg of calcium iodate, 500mg of magnesium sulfate and the balance of carrier zeolite powder.
Further, the preparation method comprises the steps of respectively crushing 30-40% of fish meal and 10-15% of soybean protein concentrate, sieving the crushed materials with a 60-mesh sieve, adding 10-15% of fermented soybean meal, 2-3% of corn protein powder, 20-22% of gelatinized starch, 6-12% of compound animal source nutrition phagostimulant, 1.5-2.0% of mixed grease, 0.1-0.3% of enveloped methionine, 0.1-0.3% of choline chloride, 0.8-1.2% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3-0.5% of vitamin premix, 0.3-0.5% of mineral premix and 0.01-0.02% of phytase, uniformly mixing, preparing the granulated materials with the grain size of 2mm at the temperature of 50-60 ℃, drying the granulated materials to the water content of 10-12% at the temperature of 50-60 ℃, and preparing the granulated materials into the crushed materials with the required grain size according to the specifications of the.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with commercial feed for Chinese soft-shelled turtles on the market, the feed provided by the invention has the advantages that the fish meal consumption and the production cost are greatly reduced, the feeding effect is better, the conversion and utilization rate of feed nutrition is improved, and the total viable bacteria amount of probiotics in feed products is more than or equal to 107CFU/g。
Detailed Description
Example 1
The low-fish-meal compound feed for young Chinese soft-shelled turtles comprises the following raw materials in percentage: 35% of fish meal, 10% of fermented soybean meal, 15% of soybean protein concentrate, 3% of corn protein powder, 21% of gelatinized starch, 12% of compound animal-derived nutrition phagostimulant, 1.88% of mixed grease, 0.3% of enveloped methionine, 0.2% of choline chloride, 0.8% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4% of vitamin premix, 0.4% of mineral premix and 0.02% of phytase.
The fermented soybean meal is prepared by crushing peeled soybean meal, sieving with a 60-mesh sieve, adding bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum, saccharomyces cerevisiae and clostridium butyricum, mixing and fermenting, wherein the water content of a fermented product is 18%, the fermentation temperature is 32-37 ℃, the sealed fermentation time is 36-40h, stirring is carried out for 1 time every 10-12h during the fermentation period, and the viable count of each bacterium in the fermented product reaches 107-108CFU/gram.
The composite animal-derived nutrition phagostimulant contains 300g of squid viscera dry powder, 300g of shrimp head dry powder, 200g of puffed blood powder, 150g of degreased silkworm chrysalis dry powder, 25g of perinereis aibuhitensis dry powder and 25g of earthworm dry powder in every 1000g of the composite animal-derived nutrition phagostimulant, and all the dry powders are sieved by a 60-mesh sieve.
The mixed grease comprises 700g of soybean oil, 200g of rapeseed oil, 50g of fish oil and 50g of lard per 1000g of grease.
The preparation method comprises the steps of respectively crushing 35% of fish meal and 15% of soybean protein concentrate, sieving the crushed materials with a 60-mesh sieve, adding 10% of fermented soybean meal, 3% of corn protein powder, 21% of gelatinized starch, 12% of compound animal source nutrition phagostimulant, 1.88% of mixed grease, 0.3% of enveloped methionine, 0.2% of choline chloride, 0.8% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4% of vitamin premix, 0.4% of mineral premix and 0.02% of phytase, uniformly mixing, preparing granular materials with the particle size of 2mm at the temperature of 50-60 ℃, drying the granular materials to the water content of 10-12% at the temperature of 50-60 ℃, and preparing the granular materials into the crushed materials with the required particle size according to the specifications of young.
Example 2
The low-fish-meal compound feed for young Chinese soft-shelled turtles comprises the following raw materials in percentage: 37.5 percent of fish meal, 15 percent of fermented soybean meal, 10 percent of soybean protein concentrate, 2.28 percent of corn protein powder, 21 percent of gelatinized starch, 10 percent of compound animal-derived nutrition attractant, 2 percent of mixed grease, 0.2 percent of coated methionine, 0.2 percent of choline chloride, 1 percent of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.4 percent of vitamin premix, 0.4 percent of mineral premix and 0.02 percent of phytase.
The fermented soybean meal is prepared by crushing peeled soybean meal, sieving with a 60-mesh sieve, adding bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum, saccharomyces cerevisiae and clostridium butyricum, mixing and fermenting, wherein the water content of a fermented product is 18%, the fermentation temperature is 32-37 ℃, the sealed fermentation time is 36-40h, stirring is carried out for 1 time every 10-12h during the fermentation period, and the viable count of each bacterium in the fermented product reaches 107-108CFU/gram.
The composite animal-derived nutrition phagostimulant contains 300g of squid viscera dry powder, 300g of shrimp head dry powder, 200g of puffed blood powder, 150g of degreased silkworm chrysalis dry powder, 25g of perinereis aibuhitensis dry powder and 25g of earthworm dry powder in every 1000g of the composite animal-derived nutrition phagostimulant, and all the dry powders are sieved by a 60-mesh sieve.
The mixed grease comprises 700g of soybean oil, 200g of rapeseed oil, 50g of fish oil and 50g of lard per 1000g of grease.
The preparation method comprises the steps of respectively crushing 35% of fish meal and 10% of soybean protein concentrate, sieving the crushed materials with a 60-mesh sieve, adding 15% of fermented soybean meal, 2.28% of corn protein powder, 21% of gelatinized starch, 10% of compound animal-derived nutrition phagostimulant, 2% of mixed grease, 0.2% of enveloped methionine, 0.2% of choline chloride, 1% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4% of vitamin premix, 0.4% of mineral premix and 0.02% of phytase, uniformly mixing, preparing the granulated materials with the grain size of 2mm at the temperature of 50-60 ℃, drying the granulated materials to the water content of 10-12% at the temperature of 50-60 ℃, and preparing the granulated materials into the crushed materials with the required grain size according to the specifications.
Example 3
The low-fish-meal compound feed for young Chinese soft-shelled turtles comprises the following raw materials in percentage: 40% of fish meal, 13% of fermented soybean meal, 13% of soybean protein concentrate, 2% of corn protein powder, 22% of gelatinized starch, 6% of compound animal-derived nutrition phagostimulant, 2% of mixed grease, 0.1% of coated methionine, 0.2% of choline chloride, 0.88% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4% of vitamin premix, 0.4% of mineral premix and 0.02% of phytase.
The fermented soybean meal is prepared by crushing peeled soybean meal, sieving with a 60-mesh sieve, adding bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum, saccharomyces cerevisiae and clostridium butyricum, mixing and fermenting, wherein the water content of a fermented product is 18%, the fermentation temperature is 32-37 ℃, the sealed fermentation time is 36-40h, stirring is carried out for 1 time every 10-12h during the fermentation period, and the viable count of each bacterium in the fermented product reaches 107-108CFU/gram.
The composite animal-derived nutrition phagostimulant contains 300g of squid viscera dry powder, 300g of shrimp head dry powder, 200g of puffed blood powder, 150g of degreased silkworm chrysalis dry powder, 25g of perinereis aibuhitensis dry powder and 25g of earthworm dry powder in every 1000g of the composite animal-derived nutrition phagostimulant, and all the dry powders are sieved by a 60-mesh sieve.
The mixed grease comprises 700g of soybean oil, 200g of rapeseed oil, 50g of fish oil and 50g of lard per 1000g of grease.
The preparation method comprises the steps of respectively crushing 40% of fish meal and 13% of soybean protein concentrate, sieving the crushed materials with a 60-mesh sieve, adding 13% of fermented soybean meal, 2% of corn protein powder, 22% of gelatinized starch, 6% of compound animal-derived nutrition phagostimulant, 2% of mixed grease, 0.1% of enveloped methionine, 0.2% of choline chloride, 0.88% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4% of vitamin premix, 0.4% of mineral premix and 0.02% of phytase, uniformly mixing, preparing the granulated materials with the grain size of 2mm at the temperature of 50-60 ℃, drying the granulated materials to the water content of 10-12% at the temperature of 50-60 ℃, and preparing the granulated materials into the crushed materials with the required grain size according to the specifications.
Using 3 kinds of low fish meal feed (referred to as feed 1, feed 2 and feed 3, respectively) prepared by the method of the above example, a low fish meal feed (referred to as feed 4) in which soybean meal replaces fermented soybean meal, a low fish meal feed (referred to as feed 5) in which a compound animal-derived nutrition phagostimulant is not added, and a commercial Chinese soft-shelled turtle feed (referred to as feed 6) in which the amount of fish meal is 60%, feeding Chinese soft-shelled turtles having an average body mass of 4.16g under the same conditions, 3 repetitions of each feeding group of the feeds, continuously feeding for 60d, weighing the body mass of each group after the end of the feeding test, and calculating the survival rate, the weight gain and the feed coefficient, wherein the feed formula is shown in table 1, and the feeding results are shown in table 2. The results show that the feeding effects of the low fish meal feed 1 and the feed 4 added with the compound nutritional phagostimulant are not obviously different from the feeding effect of the high fish meal feed 6, the feeding effects of the feed 2 and the feed 3 are obviously better than that of the feed 6, and the feeding effect of the low fish meal feed 5 not added with the compound nutritional phagostimulant is the worst of the feeding effects of the 6 feeds; in addition, the feeding effects of the feed 1, the feed 2 and the feed 3 added with the fermented soybean meal are obviously better than that of the feed 4 groups added with the soybean meal, so that the composite nutritional phagostimulant plays a key role in effectively replacing fish meal, and the fermented soybean meal also plays an important role in effectively replacing the fish meal.
Table 1 raw material percentages and main nutritional composition of each group of feeds
Table 26 feed results comparison
| Kind of feed | Feed 1 | Feed 2 | Feed 3 | Feed 4 | Feed 5 | Feed 6 |
| Survival rate (%) | 97.33±1.15 | 98.67±1.15 | 98.67±2.31 | 96.67±3.06 | 95.33±1.15 | 96.67±1.15 |
| Initial body mass (g) | 4.17±0.03 | 4.15±0.04 | 4.16±0.03 | 4.16±0.03 | 4.15±0.05 | 4.16±0.05 |
| Final body Mass (g) | 25.39±0.42a | 25.73±0.51a | 25.55±0.61a | 24.21±0.36b | 21.99±0.43c | 24.29±0.47b |
| Weight gain (%) | 508.46±14.38ab | 519.59±16.74a | 514.33±18.08a | 481.11±5.54b | 430.01±16.39c | 483.56±17.74b |
| Coefficient of bait | 1.14±0.04c | 1.13±0.03c | 1.15±0.02c | 1.23±0.05b | 1.42±0.06a | 1.19±0.02bc |
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. The pellet compound feed with low fish meal for the young Chinese soft-shelled turtles is characterized by being prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by weight: 37.5 percent of white fish meal, 15 percent of fermented soybean meal, 10 percent of soybean protein concentrate, 2.28 percent of corn protein powder, 21 percent of gelatinized starch, 10 percent of compound animal-derived nutrition attractant, 2.0 percent of mixed grease, 0.2 percent of coated methionine, 0.2 percent of choline chloride, 1 percent of calcium biphosphate, 0.4 percent of vitamin premix, 0.4 percent of mineral premix and 0.02 percent of phytase; the composite animal-derived nutrition phagostimulant contains 300g of squid viscera dry powder, 300g of shrimp head dry powder, 200g of puffed blood powder, 150g of degreased silkworm chrysalis dry powder, 25g of perinereis aibuhitensis dry powder and 25g of earthworm dry powder in every 1000g of the composite animal-derived nutrition phagostimulant, and all the dry powders are sieved by a 60-mesh sieve.
2. The granulated compound feed with low fish meal for the young Chinese soft-shelled turtles and the young Chinese soft-shelled turtles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fermented soybean meal is prepared by crushing peeled soybean meal, sieving with a 60-mesh sieve, adding bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum, saccharomyces cerevisiae and clostridium butyricum, mixing and fermenting, wherein the water content of a fermented product is 18%, the fermentation temperature is 32-37 ℃, the sealed fermentation time is 36-40h, stirring is carried out for 1 time every 10-12h during fermentation, and the viable count of each bacterium in the fermented product reaches 107-108CFU/gram.
3. The compound feed with low fish meal for the young Chinese soft-shelled turtles and the granules as claimed in claim 1, wherein each 1000g of the mixed oil contains 700g of soybean oil, 200g of rapeseed oil, 50g of fish oil and 50g of lard.
4. The pellet compound feed with low fish meal for young Chinese soft-shelled turtles and young Chinese soft-shelled turtles as claimed in claim 1, wherein each 1000g of the vitamin premix contains VE 140mg, VK 6mg, VA 14000IU and VD33200IU、VB15mg、VB225mg、VB620mg、VB120.5mg, 180mg of nicotinic acid, 5mg of folic acid, l000mg of inositol, 2.5mg of biotin, 50mg of calcium pantothenate and the balance of carrier corn flour.
5. The pellet compound feed with low fish meal for young Chinese soft-shelled turtles and young Chinese soft-shelled turtles as claimed in claim 1, wherein each 1000g of the mineral premix comprises 8mg of copper sulfate, 350mg of ferrous sulfate, 50mg of zinc sulfate, 60mg of manganese sulfate, 60mg of cobalt chloride, 5mg of sodium selenite, 150mg of calcium iodate, 500mg of magnesium sulfate and the balance of carrier zeolite powder.
6. The method for preparing the pellet compound feed with low fish meal for the young trionyx sinensis of any one of claims 1-5 is characterized in that 37.5% of fish meal and 10% of soybean protein concentrate are respectively ground and sieved by a 60-mesh sieve, 15% of fermented soybean meal, 2.28% of corn protein powder, 21% of gelatinized starch, 10% of compound animal-derived nutrition phagostimulant, 2.0% of mixed oil, 0.2% of enveloped methionine, 0.2% of choline chloride, 1% of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.4% of vitamin premix, 0.4% of mineral premix and 0.02% of phytase are added and uniformly mixed, a pellet with the particle size of 2mm is prepared at the temperature of 50-60 ℃, the pellet is dried to the water content of 10-12% at the temperature of 50-60 ℃, and the pellet is prepared into a crushed feed with the required particle size according to the specification of the young.
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| CN106360117A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-01 | 四川北大威生物科技有限公司 | Composite premix feed for freshwater fishes |
| CN106689801A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-24 | 蚌埠市渔歌农业科技有限公司 | Special feed for juvenile turtles |
| CN107594140A (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2018-01-19 | 蚌埠市禹会区天河湖斯祥甲鱼养殖农民专业合作社 | A kind of feed for improving soft-shelled turtle immunologic function |
| CN108813204A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-11-16 | 蚌埠市禹会区天河湖斯祥甲鱼养殖农民专业合作社 | A kind of good feed of enhancing soft-shelled turtle immunity palatability and preparation method thereof |
| CN109170160A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2019-01-11 | 安徽蓝田特种龟鳖有限公司 | A kind of mixed feed improving soft-shelled turtle quality |
| CN110663811A (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2020-01-10 | 浙江万里学院 | Feed capable of improving immunity of Chinese softshell turtles and preparation method thereof |
| CN112244336B (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2022-01-14 | 福建大昌盛饲料有限公司 | Powdery compound feed for juvenile Chinese soft-shelled turtles and production processing device |
| CN114747695A (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2022-07-15 | 安徽欣盛饲料科技股份有限公司 | Feed for juvenile soft-shelled turtles and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103719631B (en) * | 2014-01-02 | 2017-01-25 | 广西南宁市圣农科技开发有限公司 | Special feed for breeding trionyx sinensis and preparation method thereof |
| CN105211572A (en) * | 2015-11-02 | 2016-01-06 | 浙江省水产技术推广总站 | A kind of low albumen low fish meal Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis feed adding methionine hydroxy calcium |
| CN105475692A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-04-13 | 张爱丽 | Turtle and soft-shelled turtle aquaculture feed formula and preparation method thereof |
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