CN105211578A - A kind of Procambius clarkii juvenile prawn environment-friendly type mixed feed and feeding method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of Procambius clarkii juvenile prawn environment-friendly type mixed feed and feeding method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Procambius clarkii juvenile prawn environment-friendly type mixed feed and feeding method thereof.In feed, collocation employs (import) fish meal, dregs of beans, (import) dish dregs of rice, peanut meal etc. as protein raw materials, while meeting Procambius clarkii amino acid requirement, improve protein utilization rate, reduce the discharge of nitrogen, while improving feed efficiency, reduce cost; Add cuttlefish cream, allicin etc., there is certain food calling effect, improve Procambius clarkii to the utilization rate of bait, cut the waste; To add the additive such as bacillus, phytase, there is regulating intestinal canal microorganism species, improve the effect such as to digest and assimilate of phosphorus.Selected sufficient raw, production technology is simple, not perishable, is convenient to transport and preservation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquaculture field, relate to a kind of Procambius clarkii juvenile prawn environment-friendly type mixed feed and feeding method thereof.
Background technology
Procambius clarkii (Procambarusclarkii) is commonly called as " cray ", be subordinate to Crustachia (Cmstacea), Decapoda (Decapoda), Astacidae (Cambaridae), former Astacus (Procambarus), be topmost crayfish cultivation kind in the world today, its output accounts for 70% ~ 80% of whole crayfish output, the economic aquaculture object that Ye Shi China is important at present, cultivation scale, density expand year by year.But along with the increase of cultivation density, residual bait and metabolic waste also increase thereupon, the element pollutions such as nitrogen phosphate and sulfurs a large amount of in cultivated animals ight soil, copper bed mud and water source; In water body, dissolved oxygen reduces, and ammoniacal nitrogen increases, and occurs water quality deterioration phenomenon.Bad water body environment not only causes the growth of aquaculture organism and coerces, and is more unfavorable for the sustainable development of Procambius clarkii industry.
On the one hand, Procambarus clarkia compound feed that is traditional, non-environment-friendly type is because utilization rate is low, lose the reasons such as large, serious to water environment pollution, especially shows: the feed substances do not digested and not assimilated is discharged with stool form, adds the bearing capacity of water body; Elimination of nitrogen thing (ammonia and urea) and phosphorus excreta (phosphate) increase, and cause body eutrophication; Remaining bait (poor by feed processing technology, of poor quality, attractant is poor etc., and reason causes) becomes scattered about in water body, wasting water quality of simultaneously destroying; Unreasonable interpolation antibiotic causes aquatic products drug residue, makes pathogenic microorganism produce drug resistance etc. harm.Therefore, the environment-friendly type mixed feed developing Procambius clarkii special is extremely urgent.
On the other hand, the feeding activity due to a lot of aquatic livestock shows the specific rhythm and pace of moving things, only has the f eeding rhythm having grasped them, and the time bait throwing in timely and appropriately that just can occur according to its peak of ingesting in cultivation practice science regulate throws something and feeds number of times.In daily throwing is raised, if feeding volume is too low, shrimp is in semistarvation state, grows slowly; If feeding volume is too high, not only efficiency of feed utilization is low, also can ruin water quality, grow disease, cause death.Therefore formulating suitable daily ration, feeding quantity with frequency of throwing something and feeding is improve freshwater crayfish feed stuff utilization rate, reduces aquaculture cost, decreases the key that residual bait pollutes.
Given this, the present invention is directed to the life habit of Procambius clarkii, Feeding regularity, develop special environment-friendly type mixed feed, carry out the research to Procambius clarkii f eeding rhythm and Throwing bait technique simultaneously, to improve the grazing rate of shrimp, abilities of digestive and absorption and efficiency of feed utilization, reduce residual bait, thus alleviate the destruction to cultivation water environment, for keeping good breeding environment to lay a good foundation, promote that Procambius clarkii industry is towards the environmentally friendly future development of health.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of Procambius clarkii juvenile prawn environment-friendly type mixed feed and feeding technology thereof, improve the grazing rate of Procambius clarkii, reduce feed coefficient, reduce the excretion of residual bait amount, while being conducive to Procambius clarkii growth, alleviate the pollution to environment.
A kind of Procambius clarkii juvenile prawn environment-friendly type mixed feed, comprise the following component counted by weight: fish meal 10-13 part, dregs of beans 20-25 part, dish dregs of rice 10-17 part, peanut meal 10-14 part, flour 20-25 part, rice bran 5-10 part, soya-bean oil 2-5 part, shrimp chaff powder 2.5-3.5 part, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5-3.5 part, cuttlefish cream 2.5-5 part, allicin 0.5-2 part, shell plain 0.1-0.3 part, bacillus 0.1-0.5 part, premix 1.0-1.5 part, phytase 1000-1800FTU/kg.
Procambius clarkii juvenile prawn environment-friendly type mixed feed of the present invention, preferably comprise the following component counted by weight: fish meal 11-13 part, dregs of beans 22-25 part, dish dregs of rice 12-15 part, peanut meal 10-12 part, flour 20-24 part, rice bran 5-7 part, soya-bean oil 2-3 part, shrimp chaff powder 2.8-3.2 part, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5-3 part, cuttlefish cream 3-4 part, allicin 0.5-1.5 part, shell plain 0.15-0.17 part, bacillus 0.15-0.3 part, premix 1.0-1.2 part, phytase 1000-1500FTU/kg.
Wherein, the bacillus source used is not particularly limited, preferred bacillus subtilis.Commercially availablely can the bacillus subtilis of feed to be all suitable for being used in the present invention, the bacillus subtilis etc. that the hyperconcetration bacillus subtilis powder produced as Zhejiang Institute of Fresh Water Aquatic Products fish pharmaceutical factory, Beihai Fisheries Base Guangxi Province Qun Lin bioengineering Co., Ltd produce.
Described premix using zeolite powder as carrier diluent, containing lower vitamin and mineral matter: vitamin (/kg): vitamin A 500000IU, vitamine D3 150000IU, vitamin C 5000mg, vitamin e1 500mg, vitamin K5 00mg, vitamin B1 800mg, vitamin B2 500mg, vitamin B6 500mg, vitamin B12 1mg, nicotinic acid 1000mg, pantothenic acid 750mg, folic acid 100mg, inositol 3000mg, biotin 10mg; Mineral matter (g/kg): copper sulphate 2.45, ferric sulfate 28, zinc sulfate 21, manganese sulfate 9.5, sodium selenite 0.45, KI 0.25, cobalt chloride 0.1.
The preparation method of described feed is: after first described fish meal, dregs of beans, the dish dregs of rice, peanut meal, rice bran being pulverized respectively, crosses 60 object screen clothes, and then carry out ultramicro grinding (granularity 98% can cross 80 orders), mixing, forms the large material D1 of mixing; Again described shelling element, shrimp chaff powder, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, cuttlefish cream, allicin, bacillus, premix are mixed, form mixed material D2, then mix large material D1 and mixed material D2 and adopt enlargement method to be step by step mixed to get mixed material D3; The soya-bean oil of 75% first mixes rear extruding granulating D4 with mixed material D3, phytase adopts surface spraying method to be added into particle D4 surface and forms particle D5, then mix with particle D5 with 25% remaining soya-bean oil, make soya-bean oil be wrapped in particle D5 surface, to prevent phytase molten mistake in water; Dry subsequently, then put into sealed bag and save backup.
The feeding method of Procambius clarkii juvenile prawn environment-friendly type mixed feed of the present invention, juvenile prawn adopts number of times of throwing something and feeding to be 2 times/day early stage; Later stage adopts number of times of throwing something and feeding to be 3 times/day.
Refer to that juvenile prawn average weight is the growth period of 3g ~ 10g described early stage; The described later stage refers to that juvenile prawn body weight is the growth period of 11g-30g.
Described feeding method, preferably respectively throws something and feeds once respectively at 06:30-07::30,18:30-19:30 early stage; Later stage respectively throws something and feeds once respectively at 06:30-07::30,12:30-13:30,18:30-19:30.
Procambius clarkii environment-friendly type mixed feed of the present invention has the following advantages:
1. in feed, collocation employs (import) fish meal, dregs of beans, (import) dish dregs of rice, peanut meal etc. as protein raw materials, while meeting Procambius clarkii amino acid requirement, reduces the discharge of nitrogen, and effectively controls feed cost;
2. with the addition of cuttlefish cream, allicin etc., there is certain food calling effect, improve Procambius clarkii to the utilization rate of bait, cut the waste;
3. with the addition of the additive such as bacillus, phytase, there is regulating intestinal canal microorganism species, improve the effect such as to digest and assimilate of phosphorus;
4. sufficient raw selected by, production technology is simple, not perishable, is convenient to transport and preservation.
Detailed description of the invention:
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiment.Described fish meal (import peru fish meal), dregs of beans, the dish dregs of rice, peanut meal, flour, rice bran, shelling element, shrimp chaff powder, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, cuttlefish cream, allicin provide purchased from Shuai Feng feed corporation,Ltd; Phytase provides for BASF (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.; Bacillus is the hyperconcetration bacillus subtilis powder that Zhejiang Institute of Fresh Water Aquatic Products fish pharmaceutical factory produces; Premix is Jiangsu Fresh Water Aquatic Product Inst.'s independent research product.
Embodiment 1
Preparation 10kg feed, its each raw material composition: (import) fish meal 110 parts, dregs of beans 240 parts, (import) dish dregs of rice 120 parts, peanut meal 120 parts, 210 parts, flour, 60 parts, rice bran, 20 parts, soya-bean oil, 30 parts, shrimp chaff powder, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 28.5 parts, cuttlefish cream 38 parts, allicin 10 parts, shelling element 1.5 parts, bacillus 2 parts, premix 10 parts, phytase 1000IU/kg.
After first described fish meal, dregs of beans, the dish dregs of rice, peanut meal, rice bran being pulverized respectively, cross 60 object screen clothes, then carry out ultramicro grinding (granularity 98% can cross 80 orders), secondary mixes, and forms the large material D1 of mixing; Again described shelling element, shrimp chaff powder, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, cuttlefish cream, allicin, bacillus, premix are mixed, form mixed material D2, then mix large material D1 and mixed material D2 and adopt enlargement method to be step by step mixed to get mixed material D3; The soya-bean oil of 75% first mixes rear extruding granulating D4 with mixed material D3, phytase adopts surface spraying method to be added into particle D4 surface and forms particle D5, then mix with particle D5 with 25% remaining soya-bean oil, make soya-bean oil be wrapped in particle D5 surface, to prevent phytase molten mistake in water; Dry subsequently, then put into sealed bag and save backup.
Embodiment 2
Growth test: Procambius clarkii is provided by Jiangsu Fresh Water Aquatic Product Inst. Lu Kou base.The shrimp that test selects health, specification, weight basically identical, individual just counterpoise is about 3.02g.Random packet, be provided with control group (commercial feed of throwing something and feeding) and test group (above-mentioned mixed feed of throwing something and feeding), often group establishes 3 parallel tests, every parallel group 50 tail test shrimp, totally 6 cement pits (2.50m × 2.5m × 0.8m).Shrimp is thrown something and fed after taming 7 days control group, test group feed, after within 60 days, culture experiment terminates, measures its index such as growth, immunity.
Table 1
Table 2
Result shows: compared with the commercial feed of control group, test group significantly improves the rate of body weight gain 17.26% of shrimp, reduces feed coefficient 16.88%; Meanwhile, the total phosphorus 21.99% (table 1) in the total nitrogen 53.26% in breeding water body, total phosphorus 83.33% and bed mud is significantly reduced respectively.In digestive ferment, compared with control group, test group significantly improves amylase level 22.19%, trypsase 21.41%, lipase 44.65%.In oxidation resistance, compared with control group, test group significantly improves superoxide dismutase activity 26.88%, catalase 46.43%, significantly reduces MDA vigor 14.37% (table 2).Visible, mixed feed of the present invention significantly improves the growth of Procambius clarkii, digestive enzyme activity and oxidation resistance than the commercial Feed Energy of control group, can feed coefficient be reduced simultaneously, reduce nitrogen, phosphorus discharge, thus effectively alleviate the pollution to environment in breeding process.
Challenge test: growth test is after 60 days, fasting 24 hours, select the consistent shrimp of specification more often to organize 10 tails and carry out WSSV infection experiment (often organize 3 repetitions), observe the physiological activity after shrimp injection WSSV virus, and add up the cumulative mortality of control group and test group shrimp 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h after infection, the results are shown in Table 3.From result, mixed feed of the present invention significantly improves Procambius clarkii Anti-infection to WSSV ability than the commercial Feed Energy of control group, reduces the death caused by infection WSSV.
Table 3
Feeding technology development test: Procambius clarkii is provided by Jiangsu Fresh Water Aquatic Product Inst. Lu Kou base.The shrimp that test selects health, specification, weight basically identical, individual just counterpoise is about 3.02g.Be divided into 5 groups at random, throw something and feed by every day 1 time (F1:19:00), 2 times (F2:7:00,19:00), 3 times (F3:7:00,13:00,19:00), 4 times (F4:7:00,11:00,15::00,19:00) and 5 times (F5:7:00,11:00,15::00,19:00,23:00) respectively, often group establishes 3 parallel tests, every parallel group 50 tail test shrimp, totally 15 cement pits (2.50m × 2.5m × 0.8m).Shrimp is thrown something and fed after taming 7 days each group of feed, and after terminating respectively at 30 days and 60 days culture experiments, measures its growth indexes.
Result shows: during sampling in 30 days, shrimp average weight can reach 10.94g, and the opisthosoma weight of F2 test group, average growth rate, specific growth rate are the highest, and feed coefficient is minimum; During sampling in 60 days, shrimp average weight can reach 31.75g, and the opisthosoma weight of F3 test group, average growth rate, specific growth rate are the highest, and feed coefficient is minimum.Visible, number of times of throwing something and feeding is adopted to be 2 times/day (7:00,19:00) juvenile prawn growth early stage (3g ~ 10g), later stage (11g ~ 30g) adopts number of times of throwing something and feeding to be the feeding technology of 3 times/day (7:00,13:00,19:00), farthest can improve the growth of shrimp, reduce feed coefficient.
Table 4
Embodiment 3
Preparation 10kg feed, its each raw material composition: (import) fish meal 130 parts, dregs of beans 220 parts, (import) dish dregs of rice 140 parts, peanut meal 100 parts, 200 parts, flour, 70 parts, rice bran, 30 parts, soya-bean oil, 32 parts, shrimp chaff powder, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 25 parts, cuttlefish cream 30 parts, allicin 6.3 parts, shelling element 1.7 parts, bacillus 3 parts, premix 12 parts, phytase 1500IU/kg.
Embodiment 4
Preparation 10kg feed, its each raw material composition: (import) fish meal 110 parts, dregs of beans 220 parts, (import) dish dregs of rice 150 parts, peanut meal 100 parts, 220 parts, flour, 50 parts, rice bran, 23 parts, soya-bean oil, 28 parts, shrimp chaff powder, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 30 parts, cuttlefish cream 40 parts, allicin 15 parts, shelling element 1.5 parts, bacillus 1.5 parts, premix 11 parts, phytase 1100IU/kg.
Embodiment 5
Preparation 10kg feed, its each raw material composition: (import) fish meal 110 parts, dregs of beans 220 parts, (import) dish dregs of rice 150 parts, peanut meal 100 parts, 230 parts, flour, 50 parts, rice bran, 30 parts, soya-bean oil, 30 parts, shrimp chaff powder, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 27 parts, cuttlefish cream 30 parts, allicin 10 parts, shelling element 1.5 parts, bacillus 1.5 parts, premix 10 parts, phytase 1200IU/kg.
Embodiment 6
Preparation 10kg feed, its each raw material composition: (import) fish meal 120 parts, dregs of beans 230 parts, (import) dish dregs of rice 120 parts, peanut meal 100 parts, 240 parts, flour, 50 parts, rice bran, 20 parts, soya-bean oil, 32 parts, shrimp chaff powder, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 29 parts, cuttlefish cream 40 parts, allicin 5.5 parts, shelling element 1.7 parts, bacillus 1.8 parts, premix 10 parts, phytase 1000IU/kg.
Embodiment 7
Preparation 10kg feed, its each raw material composition: (import) fish meal 130 parts, dregs of beans 220 parts, (import) dish dregs of rice 130 parts, peanut meal 110 parts, 220 parts, flour, 67 parts, rice bran, 20 parts, soya-bean oil, 28 parts, shrimp chaff powder, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 25 parts, cuttlefish cream 30 parts, allicin 5 parts, shelling element 1.5 parts, bacillus 1.5 parts, premix 12 parts, phytase 1500IU/kg.
Embodiment 8
Preparation 10kg feed, its each raw material composition: (import) fish meal 110 parts, dregs of beans 220 parts, (import) dish dregs of rice 120 parts, peanut meal 100 parts, 250 parts, flour, 55 parts, rice bran, 20 parts, soya-bean oil, 29 parts, shrimp chaff powder, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 30 parts, cuttlefish cream 35.4 parts, allicin 15 parts, shelling element 1.6 parts, bacillus 3 parts, premix 11 parts, phytase 1300IU/kg.
According to the growth test in embodiment 2 and challenge test method, control group is thrown something and fed commercial feed, each test group (A ~ F) is thrown something and fed respectively containing the mixed feed of preparation in embodiment 3 ~ 8, and cumulative mortality when measuring the indexs such as each group of growth of Procambius clarkii juvenile prawn, digestive ferment and infect WSSV72h.The results are shown in Table 5.
Table 5
Claims (8)
1. a Procambius clarkii juvenile prawn environment-friendly type mixed feed, it is characterized in that comprising the following component counted by weight: fish meal 10-13 part, dregs of beans 20-25 part, dish dregs of rice 10-17 part, peanut meal 10-14 part, flour 20-25 part, rice bran 5-10 part, soya-bean oil 2-5 part, shrimp chaff powder 2.5-3.5 part, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5-3.5 part, cuttlefish cream 2.5-5 part, allicin 0.5-2 part, shell plain 0.1-0.3 part, bacillus 0.1-0.5 part, premix 1.0-1.5 part, phytase 1000-1800FTU/kg.
2. Procambius clarkii juvenile prawn environment-friendly type mixed feed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that comprising the following component counted by weight: fish meal 11-13 part, dregs of beans 22-25 part, dish dregs of rice 12-15 part, peanut meal 10-12 part, flour 20-24 part, rice bran 5-7 part, soya-bean oil 2-3 part, shrimp chaff powder 2.8-3.2 part, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5-3 part, cuttlefish cream 3-4 part, allicin 0.5-1.5 part, shell plain 0.15-0.17 part, bacillus 0.15-0.3 part, premix 1.0-1.2 part, phytase 1000-1500FTU/kg.
3. Procambius clarkii juvenile prawn environment-friendly type mixed feed according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that described fish meal is imported fish meal, and the dish dregs of rice are the import dish dregs of rice; Described bacillus is bacillus subtilis.
4. Procambius clarkii juvenile prawn environment-friendly type mixed feed according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that described premix is using zeolite powder as carrier diluent, containing lower vitamin and mineral matter: vitamin (/kg): vitamin A 500000IU, vitamine D3 150000IU, vitamin C 5000mg, vitamin e1 500mg, vitamin K5 00mg, vitamin B1 800mg, vitamin B2 500mg, vitamin B6 500mg, vitamin B12 1mg, nicotinic acid 1000mg, pantothenic acid 750mg, folic acid 100mg, inositol 3000mg, biotin 10mg; Mineral matter (g/kg): copper sulphate 2.45, ferric sulfate 28, zinc sulfate 21, manganese sulfate 9.5, sodium selenite 0.45, KI 0.25, cobalt chloride 0.1.
5. the preparation method of Procambius clarkii juvenile prawn environment-friendly type mixed feed according to claim 1, after it is characterized in that first described fish meal, dregs of beans, the dish dregs of rice, peanut meal, rice bran being pulverized respectively, cross 60 object screen clothes, then carry out ultramicro grinding, mixing, forms the large material D1 of mixing; Again described shelling element, shrimp chaff powder, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, cuttlefish cream, allicin, bacillus, premix are mixed, form mixed material D2, then mix large material D1 and mixed material D2 and adopt enlargement method to be step by step mixed to get mixed material D3; The soya-bean oil of 75% first mixes rear extruding granulating D4 with mixed material D3, and phytase adopts surface spraying method to be added into particle D4 surface and forms particle D5, then mixes with particle D5 with 25% remaining soya-bean oil, to prevent phytase molten mistake in water; Dry subsequently, then put into sealed bag and save backup.
6. the feeding method of Procambius clarkii juvenile prawn environment-friendly type mixed feed according to claim 1, is characterized in that juvenile prawn adopts number of times of throwing something and feeding to be 2 times/day early stage; Later stage adopts number of times of throwing something and feeding to be 3 times/day.
7. method according to claim 6, is characterized in that referring to that juvenile prawn average weight is the growth period of 3g ~ 10g described early stage; The described later stage refers to that juvenile prawn body weight is the growth period of 11g-30g.
8. method according to claim 7, is characterized in that early stage respectively throws something and feeds once respectively at 06:30-07::30,18:30-19:30; Later stage respectively throws something and feeds once respectively at 06:30-07::30,12:30-13:30,18:30-19:30.
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| CN112586632A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-02 | 天津现代天骄水产饲料股份有限公司 | Functional feed for crayfish and preparation method thereof |
| CN112715786A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-30 | 盐城工学院 | Antioxidant compound feed for procambarus clarkii |
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