CN114427449A - Abnormal well temperature early warning method - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
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- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
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- 210000001635 urinary tract Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
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Abstract
The invention discloses an abnormal well temperature early warning method, and belongs to the technical field of oil field development. Which comprises the following steps: (1) according to a Remay theory shaft heat dissipation model, a water equivalent is taken as a key parameter for determining the temperature of the liquid, a secondary parameter which has small influence on the well temperature is taken as a constant, and an outlet liquid temperature prediction model is established:
wherein T is the outlet liquid temperature of the well mouth; q is the single well fluid production; f. ofwThe water content is obtained; a. b and c are constants; (2) fitting the actually measured oil well data to determine the values of a, b and c; (3) and (3) forming a reasonable well temperature range according to the outlet liquid temperatures of the well mouths under different environmental temperatures, establishing a well temperature chart, and exporting the real-time well temperature data of each well through a remote transmission system to check abnormal well temperatures. The method has strong applicability, can find the abnormal liquid outlet of the oil well in time, improve the treatment time efficiency and greatly save the cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oilfield development, and particularly relates to an abnormal well temperature early warning method.
Background
With the exploitation of most oil fields in China to the middle and later stages, a great deal of professional production data is accumulated in petroleum seismic exploration, petroleum logging production, underground operation production, oil extraction production, oil and gas gathering and transportation and other auxiliary production links, the data not only contains the specific conditions of development and production in each stage, but also records abnormal production events occurring in a certain exploitation stage and remedial measures taken to deal with the events. The data change rule of a certain production abnormal event can be obtained by analyzing the data of the abnormal event in a certain time interval, whether similar abnormal events occur in the future exploitation process is predicted by using real-time oilfield development dynamic data through effectively utilizing the rules, early warning is carried out at the initial stage of the abnormal event, error correction measures are taken in advance, and the normal operation of petroleum production is ensured.
Along with the development of oil and gas fields, the proportion of the mechanical production well is larger and larger, and the yield proportion of the mechanical production well is in an increasing trend. In the management process of the mechanical oil production well, the effluent temperature is an important parameter for normal production of the oil well. In the later stage of oil field development, the number of wells for pumping production by the self-injection rotary machine is gradually increased, the yield ratio shows a gradual rising trend, and the problems of large oil well metering error, complex working condition of a deep well pump, high difficulty in work diagram diagnosis and the like exist in the mechanical production well management.
Chinese patent application CN200820080672.8 discloses a well temperature early warning controller, which is applied to the temperature detection of oil extraction well heads in oil fields to early warn the gas channeling accidents of oil wells. Mainly by warning temperature probe, stop temperature probe, warning temperature controller, stop temperature controller, warning pilot lamp and ac contactor by force and constitute, the characteristic is: the strong stop temperature controller and the alarm temperature controller are connected in parallel on the direct current power supply line. The alarm indicator lamp is connected with the alarm temperature controller in series; the alternating current contactor is connected with the forced-stopping temperature controller in series. The forced stop temperature controller is connected with the forced stop temperature probe through a lead. The alarm temperature controller is connected with the alarm temperature probe through a lead. The abnormal temperature change of the wellhead of the oil well can be detected, the phenomena of gas channeling and interference of the oil well can be detected in time, and the on-duty personnel can be notified; and a power-off measure can be automatically taken at the first time, so that the steam channeling of the oil well is delayed, and the occurrence of accidents is prevented.
The above patent is used for oil well gas channeling caused by well temperature fluctuation, interference conditions, a temperature controller, an alarm indicator lamp and a temperature probe are required to be installed on each oil well, maintenance cost is high, and the oil well temperature monitoring device is only suitable for independent monitoring of key wells.
In view of the above, the invention provides an abnormal well temperature early warning method, which is based on a Ramey shaft heat dissipation model as a theoretical basis, and a simplified model of the outlet liquid temperature of a well head is derived through a large amount of actual measurement data processing, so that a well temperature chart considering the environmental temperature is formed, and the chart can predict the reasonable outlet liquid temperature range of oil wells under different liquid amounts.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an abnormal well temperature early warning method, which is based on a Ramey shaft heat dissipation model as a theoretical basis, considers the influence of the environment temperature on the liquid outlet temperature, performs coefficient regression on the highest temperature and the lowest temperature of an oil well for a period of time to obtain a reasonable well temperature range after considering the environment temperature, and can most directly and effectively check whether the actual liquid outlet of the oil well is normal or not through a well temperature chart. The method has strong applicability, can find the abnormal liquid outlet of the oil well in time, improve the treatment time efficiency and greatly save the cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an abnormal well temperature early warning method comprises the following steps:
(1) according to a Remay theory shaft heat dissipation model, a water equivalent is taken as a key parameter for determining the temperature of the liquid, a secondary parameter which has small influence on the well temperature is taken as a constant, and a liquid outlet temperature prediction model is established as follows:
wherein,
t is the outlet temperature of the well head at DEG C;
q is the single well fluid production, m2；
fwWater content,%;
a. b and c are constants;
(2) fitting the actually measured oil well data to determine the values of a, b and c;
(3) and (3) forming a reasonable well temperature range according to the outlet liquid temperatures of the well mouths under different environmental temperatures, establishing a well temperature chart, and exporting the real-time well temperature data of each well through a remote transmission system to check abnormal well temperatures.
Further, step (1) is preceded by the following steps:
and selecting key oil well parameters by using a Remay theory shaft heat dissipation model, and respectively researching the influence of parameter change on the temperature of produced liquid.
Further, in the step (1), the secondary parameters comprise the earth temperature gradient, the heat transfer coefficient and the well depth.
Further, in the step (2), the fitting method is a least square method.
Further, the step (2) is specifically as follows:
A. collecting oil well measured data by taking the measured oil well effluent temperature as a horizontal coordinate and the liquid production amount as a vertical coordinate, and fitting a curve by a least square method;
B. finding out an empirical formula of a fitting curve;
C. and converting the empirical formula into a linear equation, and calculating the values of a, b and c.
Further, the step (2) is specifically:
A. collecting oil well measured data by taking the measured oil well effluent temperature as a horizontal coordinate and the liquid production amount as a vertical coordinate, and fitting a curve by a least square method;
B. finding an empirical formula of fitting a curve of
C. Taking a representation in a coordinate systemPoint of sex (x)0,y0) When the formula is substituted, the following steps are carried out:
this representative point (x)0,y0) The method can select a point which has a small numerical value and can pass through the curve from the measured data, and the point is obtained by subtracting the formula (2) from the formula (1):
through the above transformation, set
The method is simplified as follows: d is A + Bx (5)
Solving a general formula of constants in a linear equation according to a least square method, wherein the intercept of a straight line is A, the slope of the straight line is B, and selecting x according to the principle of selecting representative points in the early stage0，y0Calculating to obtain the values of A and B, and substituting A, B values into the formula (5) to obtain a regression equation;
because of certain regularity between the liquid production amount of the oil well and the liquid outlet temperature of the wellhead, x is QOil+2QWater (W)Setting the water content of the oil well as fwThen, then
Wherein Q isLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionFor single well fluid production, m2(ii) a Q oil is the oil production per well, m 2; f. ofwThe water content,%,
and substituting the regression equation into an empirical formula to obtain the values of a, b and c.
Further, in the step (2), the effluent temperature prediction model is as follows:
further, in the step (3), the establishing of the well temperature chart specifically comprises the following steps:
and performing coefficient regression on the highest temperature and the lowest temperature of the oil well for a period of time to obtain two different well temperature curves, wherein the two curves form a strip, and the strip is a reasonable well temperature range after the environmental temperature is considered, so that a well temperature chart is obtained.
Further, in the step (3), if the measured well temperature falls outside the normal well temperature interval of the well temperature chart, it is preliminarily determined as abnormal.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a simple and direct method for effectively finding various abnormalities of an oil well in the production process in time, improving the treatment efficiency of the abnormal well, improving the management level of the oil well, reducing the workload of traditional abnormal well investigation by auxiliary means such as indicator diagrams, current, load and the like, and greatly saving the cost. A reasonable well temperature range is formed aiming at the outlet liquid temperature of the well mouth under different environmental temperatures, and the method has practical guiding significance for improving abnormal well management.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a wellbore heat transfer model;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the effect of different parameters on the production fluid temperature;
FIG. 3 is a least squares fit graph;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the change of the wellhead temperature with the water content under different liquid quantities, wherein lines in the graph represent daily liquid quantities 280t, 250t, 220t, 190t, 160t, 130t, 100t, 70t, 40t and 10t from top to bottom in sequence;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a well temperature plate of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a TK910 well temperature chart application.
Detailed Description
The following non-limiting examples are presented to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to more fully understand the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way. The following is merely an exemplary illustration of the scope of the invention as claimed, and various changes and modifications of the invention of the present application may be made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure, which also fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The present invention will be further described below by way of specific examples.
In the following examples, the term "Ramey well Heat dissipation model" refers to the theoretical model of well Heat transfer proposed by Ramey in 1962, and is described in the paper "Ramey, HJJr.Wellbore Heat Transmission, JPT,1962,14(4): 427-.
Examples
1. Ramey theory shaft heat dissipation model
During the process of crude oil production, the temperature of the crude oil is greatly changed from the bottom to the top of a well, during the lifting process, the fluid exchanges heat with the stratum, the temperature of the crude oil is continuously reduced, and the rest temperature is the temperature of the top of the well. And establishing a Ramey theory shaft heat dissipation model according to hydromechanics and heat transfer theory.
1.1 Key parameter selection
(1) Yield liquid water equivalent (w/. degree. C.)
Taking TK7217 well as an example, knowing the well attitude and the heat carrying capacity of oil, gas and water, respectively calculating the heat carried by the three fluids, and calculating the equivalent weight of produced liquid water to 1145 w/DEG C by a program.
Water equivalent (mass flow rate (kg/s) × specific heat of medium (J/kg · ° c))
TABLE 1 TK7217 Water equivalent calculation Table
| TK7217 well | Gas m3/h | Water m3/d | Oil m3/d |
| Yield m3/d | 1988 | 15 | 13.9 |
| Mass flow rate kg/s | 0.021 | 0.198 | 0.143 |
| Specific heat J/kg. DEG C | 200 | 4200 | 2000 |
| Water equivalent w/deg.C | 4.17 | 831.25 | 286.37 |
(2) Total heat transfer coefficient Kl (w/m. degree. C.) between the produced fluids
As shown in fig. 1, a schematic diagram of a wellbore heat transfer model shows that heat transfer from wellbore fluid to surrounding formation rock must overcome thermal resistance generated by a tubing wall, an oil casing annulus, a casing wall, a cement sheath and the like, and the heat exchange amount of the produced fluid and the wellbore wall is equal to that of the wellbore wall and the formation, so that the total heat transfer coefficient of the produced fluid and the formation can be obtained.
The total heat transfer coefficient calculation formula is as follows:
Utothe total heat transfer coefficient w/m DEG C of the produced liquid and the stratum is obtained;
rti，rtorespectively the inner and outer radii of the oil pipe, m;
rci，rcothe inner radius and the outer radius of the sleeve are m respectively;
rhis the outer radius of the cement sheath, m;
hf，hcthe convective heat transfer coefficient w/m DEG C of the fluid in the oil pipe and the sleeve is adopted;
kcas,kcem,ktubthe heat conductivity coefficients of the casing, the cement sheath and the oil pipe are w/m DEG C respectively;
and calculating by a formula to obtain the total heat transfer coefficient between the produced liquid and the ground layer of 3.95w/m.
(3) Temperature of produced liquid (. degree.C.)
T1(Z)＝aZ+b+aA+(T0+aA-b)e-Z/A
ToFormation initial temperature C
T1(Z) is the fluid temperature;
z is the well depth m;
k is the geothermal gradient (m. ° c);
r1 is the oil pipe radius m;
u is the total heat transfer coefficient w/(m.DEG C);
ftis a dimensionless time function;
a, b and c are undetermined coefficients;
according to a Ramey shaft heat dissipation model, the temperature of the TK7217 well produced liquid is calculated to be 20 ℃ through a program, wherein the temperature is measured from the bottom to the top of a 4200m well by the aid of a water equivalent of 1145 w/DEG C and a thermal conductivity coefficient of 3.95w/m.
1.2 model accuracy verification
The preferred Tofu platform has stable 11-port measurement, the model calculation of the oil well with flow temperature data is compared with the actual measured flow temperature, the coincidence rate is better, and the error is controlled within 2 ℃.
TABLE 2 statistical table for model calculation of measured well temperature
1.3 model sensitivity analysis
4 independent variables in a Ramey heat dissipation model numerical calculation formula are used as single factors, and meanwhile, reasonable parameter ranges in a tower and river work area are selected to respectively study the influence of water equivalent, ground temperature gradient, heat transfer coefficient and well depth parameter change on the temperature of produced liquid. The results are shown in FIG. 2. The influence curve of the water equivalent, the well depth, the oil pipe radius and the earth temperature gradient on the temperature of produced liquid shows that the water equivalent has the greatest influence on the temperature of the produced liquid.
2. Model for establishing simplified well temperature chart
Through sensitivity analysis of a theoretical shaft heat dissipation model, a key parameter of the liquid temperature is determined to be water equivalent, a secondary parameter which has small influence on the well temperature is taken as a constant, and finally a simplified heat dissipation model with two independent variables of the liquid outlet temperature T, the liquid production amount Q and the water content fw is obtained. And (3) taking the Z, U, K value in the Ramey shaft heat dissipation model as a constant, and taking the value as an average value in the tower river work area to obtain a simplified well temperature chart model:
wherein,
t is the outlet temperature of the well head at DEG C;
q is the single well fluid production, m2；
fwWater content,%;
a. b and c are undetermined coefficients.
2.1 determination of undetermined coefficients
The measured 205-hole oil well data of the Tahe oil field is analyzed and collated, the measured oil well effluent temperature is used as an abscissa, the liquid production amount is used as an ordinate, and a fitting curve is shown in figure 3.
It can be seen that although the points are not completely distributed on a regular curve, the points do form a "band-type" but smooth curve. An approximate curve can be found through a least square method, the regularity reflected by the points is well matched, the sum of squares from the curve to each point is the minimum, and an empirical formula of the curve is found through processing of actually measured data.
A curve for observing the temperature and quantity of liquid produced by the simplified well temperature chart model
Taking a representative point (x) in the coordinate system0,y0) When the formula is substituted, the following steps are carried out:
this representative point (x)0,y0) The method can select a point which has a small numerical value and can pass through the curve from the measured data, and the point is obtained by subtracting the formula (2) from the formula (1):
by the above transformation, are provided
The method is simplified as follows: d is A + Bx (5)
Solving a general formula of constants in a linear equation according to a least square method, wherein the intercept of a straight line is A, the slope of the straight line is B, and selecting x according to the principle of selecting representative points in the early stage0＝34.2，y0＝178.3383；
TABLE 3 calculation of linear equation by least square method
The calculation yields a of 12.271 and B of 0.0204, and the value A, B is substituted into equation (5), so that the regression equation is:
D＝12.271+0.0204 x (6)
because of certain regularity between the liquid production amount of the oil well and the liquid outlet temperature of the wellhead, x is QOil+2QWater (W)Setting the water content of the oil well as fwThen, then
Substituting equation (6) into the empirical equation yields a-9.465, b-0.015, and c-19.66.
T is the outlet temperature of the well head at DEG C;
q is the single well fluid production, m2；
fwIs water content,%.
The formula is an empirical formula for predicting the outlet liquid temperature of the oil well.
2.2 model sensitivity analysis
By carrying out sensitivity analysis on the simplified plate model, the well head temperature gradually rises along with the rise of water content, and the larger the liquid amount is, the higher the well temperature is.
2.3 well temperature Pattern creation
In practical application, the change of the external environment temperature at different moments has certain influence on the outlet liquid temperature of a wellhead, the influence of the environment temperature is considered, the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature of an oil well are subjected to coefficient regression for a period of time to obtain two different well temperature curves, the two curves form a strip, and the strip is a reasonable well temperature range after the environment temperature is considered, so that a well temperature chart applicable to the Tahe oil field is established, as shown in fig. 5.
Application example
Taking an electric pump well TK910H as an example, the well has the current liquid amount of 140t, the water content of 92% and the daily oil content of 10t, a drawing board is used, as shown in FIG. 6, a normal well temperature interval with the liquid amount of 140t is obtained, the well temperature is measured in combination with remote transmission, the well temperature is found to fall outside the normal well temperature interval, the abnormal well temperature is determined preliminarily, meanwhile, conventional investigation is carried out, the on-site liquid discharge of the well is found to be normal, a current card shows that the electric pump works normally, the contradiction occurs with the low well temperature, the flow is continuously arranged to be investigated, the leakage in a constant pressure air release valve of the well is found to cause the liquid discharge oil pipe to enter a sleeve, circulation is formed, the constant pressure air release valve sweeping line is arranged to be replaced in time, and finally, the capacity is recovered by 10t/d after sweeping.
It can be seen that, by conventional means only: data such as current, indicator diagram, load and the like cannot directly reflect whether the oil outlet well is normal or not, and whether the real station entering liquid amount of the oil outlet well is normal or not can be most directly and effectively checked through a well temperature chart.
The method is used for checking the abnormal well temperature in 1-6 months in 2020, and the results are as follows:
TABLE 4.2020 TABLE FOR EXERCISE OF WELL temp. IN 1-6 months
By utilizing the well temperature early warning method, 86 well times are cumulatively checked in 1-6 months, the problem of abnormal 59 well times caused by the reduction of liquid production amount is solved, 425t of abnormal wells is reduced, the yield loss is reduced by 72.08 ten thousand yuan, the well flushing and line sweeping times are reduced by 42 well times through a well temperature chart method, the pump checking times caused by abnormality are reduced by 8 well times, and the cost is saved by about 352 ten thousand yuan.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, which is intended to cover any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An abnormal well temperature early warning method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) according to a Remay theory shaft heat dissipation model, a water equivalent is taken as a key parameter for determining the temperature of the liquid, a secondary parameter which has small influence on the well temperature is taken as a constant, and a liquid outlet temperature prediction model is established as follows:
wherein,
t is the outlet liquid temperature at the well mouth at DEG C;
q is the single well fluid production, m2；
fwWater content,%;
a. b and c are constants;
(2) fitting the actually measured oil well data to determine the values of a, b and c;
(3) and (3) forming a reasonable well temperature range according to the outlet liquid temperatures of the well mouths under different environmental temperatures, establishing a well temperature chart, and exporting the real-time well temperature data of each well through a remote transmission system to check abnormal well temperatures.
2. The abnormal well temperature early warning method as claimed in claim 1, wherein step (1) is preceded by the following steps: and selecting key oil well parameters by using a Remay theory shaft heat dissipation model, and respectively researching the influence of parameter change on the temperature of produced liquid.
3. The abnormal well temperature early warning method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the secondary parameters comprise earth temperature gradient, heat transfer coefficient and well depth.
4. The abnormal well temperature early warning method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the fitting method is a least square method.
5. The abnormal well temperature early warning method according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) is specifically as follows:
A. collecting oil well measured data by taking the measured oil well effluent temperature as a horizontal coordinate and the liquid production amount as a vertical coordinate, and fitting a curve by a least square method;
B. finding out an empirical formula of a fitting curve;
C. and converting the empirical formula into a linear equation, and calculating the values of a, b and c.
6. The abnormal well temperature early warning method according to claim 5, wherein the step (2) is specifically as follows:
A. collecting oil well measured data by taking the measured oil well effluent temperature as a horizontal coordinate and the liquid production amount as a vertical coordinate, and fitting a curve by a least square method;
B. finding an empirical formula of fitting a curve of
C. Taking a representative point (x) in the coordinate system0,y0) When the formula is substituted, the following steps are carried out:
this representative point (x)0,y0) The method can select a point which has a small numerical value and can pass through the curve from the measured data, and the point is obtained by subtracting the formula (2) from the formula (1):
through the above transformation, set
The method is simplified as follows: d is A + Bx (5)
Solving a general formula of constants in a linear equation according to a least square method, wherein the intercept of a straight line is A, the slope of the straight line is B, and selecting x according to the principle of selecting representative points in the early stage0，y0Calculating to obtain the values of A and B, and substituting A, B values into the formula (5) to obtain a regression equation;
because of certain regularity between the liquid production amount of the oil well and the liquid outlet temperature of the wellhead, x is QOil+2QWater (W)Setting the water content of the oil well as fwThen, then
Wherein Q isLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionFor single well fluid production, m2(ii) a Q oil is the oil production per well, m 2; f. ofwThe water content,%,
and substituting the regression equation into an empirical formula to obtain the values of a, b and c.
7. The abnormal well temperature early warning method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the effluent temperature prediction model is:
8. the abnormal well temperature early warning method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the step of establishing the well temperature chart specifically comprises the following steps: and performing coefficient regression on the highest temperature and the lowest temperature of the oil well for a period of time to obtain two different well temperature curves, wherein the two curves form a strip which is a reasonable well temperature range after the environmental temperature is considered, so that the well temperature chart is obtained.
9. The abnormal well temperature early warning method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), if the measured well temperature falls outside the normal well temperature interval of the well temperature chart, it is determined as abnormal primarily.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114861476A (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-08-05 | 西南石油大学 | Gas well annulus abnormal under-pressure comprehensive early warning method and system |
| CN115976497A (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-04-18 | 深圳优普莱等离子体技术有限公司 | Fault alarm processing method based on MPCVD equipment and related equipment |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114861476A (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-08-05 | 西南石油大学 | Gas well annulus abnormal under-pressure comprehensive early warning method and system |
| CN114861476B (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-09-27 | 西南石油大学 | Gas well annulus abnormal under-pressure comprehensive early warning method and system |
| CN115976497A (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-04-18 | 深圳优普莱等离子体技术有限公司 | Fault alarm processing method based on MPCVD equipment and related equipment |
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