CN112085921B

CN112085921B - Landslide comprehensive monitoring and early warning method based on displacement and power multi-parameter

Info

Publication number: CN112085921B
Application number: CN202010844131.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘洪华; 贺可强; 张袆袆; 高啸峰; 杨忠年; 徐红兵; 王忠胜
Original assignee: Qingdao Geological Mining Rock And Soil Engineering Co ltd; Qingdao University of Technology; Qingdao Geological Engineering Survey Institute
Current assignee: Qingdao Geological Mining Rock And Soil Engineering Co ltd; Qingdao University of Technology; Qingdao Geological Engineering Survey Institute
Priority date: 2020-08-20
Filing date: 2020-08-20
Publication date: 2022-11-11
Anticipated expiration: 2040-08-20
Also published as: CN112085921A

Abstract

The invention relates to a landslide comprehensive monitoring and early warning method based on displacement and power multiparameters, which belongs to the technical field of slope engineering stability evaluation and landslide geological disaster monitoring and early warning, and comprises the monitoring and preprocessing of slope displacement, trailing edge cracks, underground water level and slope body water content data; selecting and determining key parameters of different displacements of the side slope; selecting and determining different power key parameters of the side slope; the method comprises the steps of determining stability evaluation parameters of different-position moving forces of the side slope, determining critical values of the stability evaluation parameters of the different-position moving forces of the side slope, determining the stability membership degree of each moving force parameter of the side slope, determining the stability weight of each moving force parameter, determining the monitoring and early warning parameters of the side slope and monitoring and early warning the stability of the side slope, and evaluating the stability of the side slope by determining the comprehensive membership degree of various displacement dynamic key parameters of the displacement rate of the side slope, the displacement vector angle, the trailing edge crack, the underground water level and the water content of the slope.

Description

Landslide comprehensive monitoring and early warning method based on displacement and power multi-parameter

Technical Field

The invention relates to a comprehensive landslide monitoring and early warning method based on displacement and power multiparameters, in particular to a method for constructing and determining slope displacement and power multiparameter comprehensive membership and sequentially establishing slope stability evaluation and monitoring and early warning, belonging to the technical field of slope engineering stability evaluation and landslide geological disaster monitoring and early warning.

Background

Landslide is one of geological disasters with serious harmfulness and destructiveness, and scientific monitoring, prediction and forecast of stability are the basis and the premise of landslide disaster monitoring and early warning and disaster prevention and reduction engineering. At present, in landslide geological disaster prediction and evaluation methods, a limit balance method and a displacement time sequence prediction method are always main methods adopted in the evaluation design of slope engineering and landslide prediction, and play an important role in various engineering practices. The limit balance method is based on the rigid body limit balance theory, simplifies the landslide, analyzes the mechanical balance state of the landslide along the sliding surface, and determines the stability coefficient F of the landslide body through the downward sliding force and the anti-sliding force _s To predict the stability of the landslide. The evaluation method has a definite instability criterion, namely a stability coefficient F _s =1, is a method commonly used in landslide stability analysis. However, the deformation coordination relationship is not considered in the method, the mechanical evaluation model is a static evaluation model irrelevant to time, and the change rule of the slope stability along with the time cannot be evaluated, so that the method has no limitation of monitoring, early warning and evaluating the dynamic stability in the aspect of landslide stability evaluation. The displacement time sequence prediction method is based on the monitored evolution of the slope systemThe displacement time sequence of the landslide control system directly utilizes the change of the displacement parameters to evaluate and predict the stability of the landslide. The method comprises a time variation relation and has the advantages of easy implementation and simple operation. However, the method only uses the displacement or displacement rate change rule of the landslide to analyze and evaluate the stability of the side slope, and the evaluation model cannot scientifically reflect the cause of the displacement or displacement rate change of the landslide, cannot establish a complete and unified criterion of the destabilization displacement and displacement rate of the side slope, and cannot scientifically evaluate and prevent the stability of the side slope based on the landslide mechanism.

Aiming at the defects and limitations of the traditional slope stability evaluation method, the invention provides a method for evaluating the slope stability by utilizing displacement and power multi-parameter comprehensive membership by using a fuzzy mathematics basic theory, and comprehensively monitors and warns the overall slope stability, so that the defects of the traditional slope stability evaluation theory and method are overcome. The method has the characteristics of strong operability, high accuracy and strong stability, and has very important application value in slope stability evaluation and monitoring early warning.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a landslide comprehensive monitoring and early warning method based on displacement and power multi-parameter.

The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:

a landslide comprehensive monitoring and early warning method based on displacement and power multi-parameter comprises the following steps:

step one, monitoring and preprocessing slope displacement, trailing edge crack, underground water level and slope body water content data

1) Carrying out preliminary survey and mapping on the side slope, determining the distribution range and size of the side slope, the length of the trailing edge wall and other characteristics, and setting monitoring points and datum points at key points such as a main sliding area, a trailing edge crack, a shearing outlet and the like;

2) Arrangement and installation of monitoring equipment;

3) Preprocessing monitoring data;

selecting and determining different displacement key parameters of the side slope;

selecting a displacement key parameter capable of reflecting the change of the integral stability of the side slope: the displacement rate, the displacement vector angle and the trailing edge crack are used as slope stability evaluation indexes;

step three, selecting and determining different power key parameters of the side slope;

selecting power key parameters capable of reflecting the overall stability change of the side slope: the underground water level and the slope body water content are used as slope stability evaluation indexes;

step four, determining stability evaluation parameters of different-position moving forces of the side slope;

1) Determining a displacement rate statistic parameter;

2) Determining a displacement vector angle statistic parameter;

3) Determining the change rate of the trailing edge crack communication rate;

4) Determining the change rate of the underground water level;

5) Determining the change rate of the water content of the slope body;

determining a critical value of evaluation parameters of the stability of different-position moving forces of the side slope;

1) Determining a slope displacement rate critical statistic parameter;

2) Determining a slope displacement vector angle critical statistic parameter;

3) Determining a critical value of the change rate of the trailing edge crack communication rate;

4) Determining a critical value of the underground water level change rate;

5) Determining a slope water content change rate critical value;

step six, determining the degree of membership of the stability of each position of the moving force parameter of the side slope;

1) Respectively determining membership functions of evaluation parameters of the slope displacement rate, the displacement vector angle, the trailing edge crack, the underground water level and the slope water content rate;

2) According to the membership function, determining slope stability membership of displacement rate, displacement vector angle, trailing edge crack, underground water level and slope water content at any moment;

seventhly, determining the stability weight of each movement force parameter;

because the influence degrees of all the parameters on the slope stability are different, the weight of all the parameters is calculated by an improved analytic hierarchy process;

step eight, determining slope monitoring early warning parameters and monitoring and early warning the stability of the slope monitoring early warning parameters;

1) Determining slope stability comprehensive monitoring and early warning parameters, performing weighted calculation on slope displacement rate, displacement vector angle, trailing edge cracks, underground water level and slope water content membership degree, and determining slope multi-parameter stability comprehensive membership degree;

2) According to the slope stability comprehensive monitoring and early warning parameters and the relation between the slope stability comprehensive monitoring and early warning parameters and the slope stability, different slope stability monitoring and early warning values can be determined, and the slope stability is monitored and early warned.

Further, in the step one, the step of setting monitoring points and reference points at key points such as main sliding areas, trailing edge cracks and shearing outlets is as follows: (1) selecting m monitoring points arranged on the main sliding surface of the monitored side slope corresponding to the slope surface, and uniformly arranging the monitoring points on the slope surface at equal intervals from the trailing edge wall to the leading edge shear outlet according to the actual topography of the slope surface to form a monitoring network; (2) selecting at least 3 points with good geological conditions and stable point positions as monitoring reference points in a stable bedrock or deformation-free area outside a landslide body to form a control network, and ensuring self-checking and controlling comprehensive monitoring of side slope monitoring points;

the arrangement and installation steps of the monitoring equipment are as follows: (1) GPS displacement monitoring equipment is arranged at the monitoring point and the monitoring reference point, so that the slope displacement monitoring equipment is tightly connected with the surface of the landslide body, and the deformation of the surface of the slope body can be accurately reflected; (2) drilling at each monitoring point of the side slope, wherein the drilling depth is below the basement rock surface or the underground water level of the slope in the past year, so that the underground water level can be monitored in any time period after the monitoring equipment is arranged; a pressure type water level meter is arranged at the bottom of the drill hole, and an additional air pressure compensation device is arranged on the slope surface at the same time, so that the change of the underground water level is monitored; (3) respectively arranging soil moisture sensors at the junction of the bedrock surface and the upper soil layer at each monitoring point and 0.5m below the surface of the slope body, wherein the total number of the soil moisture sensors is 2 x m, and the soil moisture sensors are used for reflecting the change condition of the water content of the slope body of the side slope in real time; (4) the method comprises the following steps of (1) measuring the cracks on the rear edge of the side slope by adopting a manual measurement method, numbering each crack, measuring by using a steel ruler, and recording data once every two days;

preprocessing monitoring data: and (4) classifying and preprocessing the vertical displacement, the horizontal displacement, the underground water level, the slope body water content and the length of each trailing edge crack at the m monitored monitoring points, and recording an Excel table.

Further, the determination of the displacement rate in the second step

According to each monitoring point k =1,2, \8230, m at i time i =1,2, \8230, n is horizontally displaced

And vertical displacement

And (3) monitoring data, and solving the displacement rate of each monitoring point at the moment i:

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

respectively the horizontal displacement of the kth monitoring point of the slope at the time i and the time i-1;

vertical displacement of the kth monitoring point of the side slope at the time i and the time i-1 respectively; t is the time interval between the time i and the time i-1;

i =1,2, \8230atthe ith time of the slope, n monitoring points k =1,2, \8230, the mean value of the m displacement rate is determined by the arithmetic mean value of the displacement rate of each monitoring point, as shown in the formula (2)

Determining the displacement vector angle in the second step

According to equation (3), determining the displacement vector angle of each monitoring point k =1,2, \8230, m at i instant i =1,2, \8230, n:

the slope ith time i =1,2, \8230, n monitoring points k =1,2, \8230, the average value of the m displacement vector angle is determined by the arithmetic average value of the displacement vector angles of the monitoring points, as shown in formula (4)

Determining the length of the trailing edge crack in step two

Determining the length L of the trailing edge wall of the side slope through surveying and mapping, wherein the length of the trailing edge crack is determined according to the formula (5):

wherein C is the total length of the trailing edge crack; f is the number of the rear edge cracks; c. C _i The length of each trailing edge crack.

Further, determination of ground water level in said third step

The underground water level of the side slope is determined by the average value of the actually measured underground water levels at all monitoring points:

wherein H is the underground water level of the side slope; m is the number of monitoring points; h is _k The underground water level at each monitoring point; determination of slope water content in step three

Respectively monitoring the water content of the junction of the bedrock surface and the upper soil layer corresponding to each monitoring point and the water content of the position 0.5m below the surface of the slope body, wherein the water content of the slope body is determined by the average value of the water content of the slope body at each monitoring point:

wherein W is the water content of the slope body; 2m is two soil moisture sensors; wk is the water content of the junction of the basement rock surface and the upper soil layer corresponding to each monitoring point and 0.5m below the surface of the slope body.

Further, the determination of the displacement rate statistic parameter in the fourth step

Calculating a displacement rate statistic parameter as a slope stability evaluation parameter of the displacement rate according to a trend displacement analysis principle;

(1) calculating the average value of the slope displacement rate:

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the slope is the displacement rate mean value of each monitoring point at the ith moment i =1,2, \8230;

(2) calculating slope displacement rate statistic parameters:

determination of displacement vector angle statistic parameter in step four

Calculating a displacement vector angle statistic parameter as a slope stability evaluation parameter of the displacement vector angle according to a trend displacement analysis principle;

(1) calculating the average value of the slope displacement vector angle:

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the slope is the slope ith moment i =1,2, \8230, and the displacement vector angle mean value of each monitoring point n;

(2) calculating the slope displacement vector angle statistic parameters:

determination of the rate of change of the trailing edge crack connectivity in step four

Monitoring the development condition of each rear edge crack of the side slope, and determining the change rate of the rear edge crack communication rate of the side slope according to the formula (12):

wherein delta is the change rate of the crack communication rate of the rear edge of the side slope; c is the total length of the trailing edge crack; l is the trailing edge wall length;

determination of groundwater level change Rate in step four

The groundwater level change rate is determined by equation (13):

wherein ζ is the underground water level change rate; h is the underground water level of the slope at the current moment; ho is the initial underground water level of the side slope;

determination of slope water content change rate in step four

The change rate of the water content of the slope body is determined by the formula (14):

wherein eta is the change rate of the water content of the slope body; w is the water content of the slope body at the current moment of the slope; and wo is the initial water content of the side slope.

Further, the critical statistic parameter of the slope displacement rate in the fifth step

Is determined

Selecting a certain significance level alpha, and calculating a slope displacement rate critical statistic parameter

Wherein the content of the first and second substances,

for each monitoring point k =1,2, \ 8230;, the average of the m displacement rate statistic parameters,

for the displacement rate statistic parameters of each monitoring point,

the displacement rate of each monitoring point is an average value;

alpha is significance level for the variance of the displacement rate statistic of each monitoring point, 0.05 is taken in the invention,

the probability parameter is a probability parameter of the standard normal distribution and can be obtained by checking a standard normal distribution bilateral critical value table;

when slope displacement rate statistic parameter gamma _v When the slope is more than or equal to 1, the slope is in a stable state; when slope displacement rate statisticsQuantity parameter gamma _v Less than displacement rate critical statistic parameter

When the slope moves, the slope tends to move;

step five, critical statistic parameters of slope displacement vector angle

Is determined

Selecting a certain significance level alpha, and calculating slope displacement vector angle critical statistic parameters

Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,

for each monitoring point k =1,2, \8230, the average value of the m displacement vector angle statistic parameter,

for the displacement vector angle statistic parameters of each monitoring point,

is the average value of the displacement vector angles of all the monitoring points,

the variance of the displacement vector angle statistic of each monitoring point;

when displacement vector angle statistic parameter gamma _θ When the displacement vector angle is more than or equal to 1, the side slope is in a stable state, and the parameter gamma is counted when the displacement vector angle _θ Less than displacement vector angle critical statistic parameter

When the slope is in a trend, the displacement direction changes;

determining a critical value of the change rate of the trailing edge crack communication rate in the fifth step

Since the trailing edge crack is continuously expanded once appearing, the communication rate change rate δ >0, and when the trailing edge crack communication rate change rate δ =0, the slope is in a steady state; when delta is larger than 90%, the side slope is unstable;

determining the underground water level change rate critical value in the fifth step

When the change rate zeta of the groundwater level of the side slope is less than or equal to 0, the side slope is in a stable state; when zeta is greater than 70%, the slope is unstable;

step five, determining the critical value of the change rate of the water content of the slope body

When the change rate eta of the water content of the slope body is less than or equal to 0, the side slope is in a stable state; when the water content of the soil body of the side slope is the saturated water content w _p I.e. rate of change of water content of slope body

In time, the side slope is unstable;

quantitative criteria for evaluation parameters of slope displacement rate, displacement vector angle, trailing edge cracks, groundwater level and slope water content stability are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 quantitative criterion for slope stability evaluation parameters

Further, the slope displacement rate membership function in the sixth step is:

the slope displacement vector angle membership function in the sixth step is as follows:

the membership function of the trailing edge crack in the sixth step is as follows:

the underground water level membership function in the step six is as follows:

and the subordination function of the water content of the slope body in the sixth step is as follows:

the improved analytic hierarchy process in the seventh step: if A is as important as B, refer to Table 1, if A is more important than B, refer to Table 2, and if A is not B important, refer to 0;

1) According to the actual conditions of different slopes, an initial judgment matrix is established by utilizing an expert scoring method as shown in table 2, wherein

b _ij ∈{0，1，2}；

TABLE 2 initial decision matrix

2) Establishing a final judgment matrix A = (a) according to the following formula _ij ) _n×n ：

3) Calculating the weight;

the final weight value of each parameter is found from equation (23):

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

further, the slope multi-parameter stability comprehensive membership degree in the step eight is shown as a formula (24):

M＝z _v u _v +z _θ u _θ +z _c u _c +z _H u _H +z _W u _W (24)

wherein: m is the comprehensive membership degree of the slope multi-parameter; z is a radical of _v 、z _θ 、z _c 、z _H 、z _W Respectively evaluating the weight values of the parameters for the displacement rate of the side slope, the displacement vector angle, the crack of the rear edge, the underground water level and the stability of the water content of the slope body on the stability of the side slope; u. u _v 、u _θ 、u _c 、u _H 、u _W Slope stability membership degrees which are slope displacement rate, displacement vector angle, trailing edge crack, underground water level and slope body water content stability evaluation parameters respectively;

the magnitude of the comprehensive membership degree of the slope multi-parameter stability directly indicates the stable state of the slope, wherein if the comprehensive membership degree is equal to 0, the slope is indicated to be in an unstable state and a trend displacement is certainly generated; if the comprehensive membership degree is equal to 1, the slope is in a stable state and does not generate trend displacement; if the comprehensive membership degree is between 0 and 1, whether the number is close to 0 or close to 1 is considered: the closer to 0, the higher the probability of the slope generating trend displacement is; the closer to 1, the more possibility that the slope is in a stable state is shown; therefore, the comprehensive degree of membership of the stability of the multi-position moving force parameters is determined as a comprehensive monitoring and early warning parameter of the slope stability;

and eighthly, monitoring and early warning the slope stability: when the number M of the 0.75-woven fabrics is less than or equal to 1, the side slope is in a stable state; when the number M of the piles is less than or equal to 0.75, the slope is in a basic stable state, and the early warning level is yellow early warning; when the number M of the piles is less than or equal to 0.25, the side slope is in an under-stable state, and the early warning level is orange early warning; when M is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.25, the side slope is in an unstable state, and the early warning grade is red early warning.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method is a novel method for evaluating the stability of the side slope by determining the comprehensive membership degree of various displacement dynamic key parameters of the displacement rate of the side slope, the displacement vector angle, the trailing edge crack, the underground water level and the water content of the slope body. The method not only overcomes the limitation that the limit balance method cannot analyze and evaluate the slope stability along with the change of time, but also overcomes the defect that the traditional displacement time sequence prediction method cannot analyze and evaluate the landslide formation mechanism and dynamic cause, and provides a scientific and effective evaluation method for the complex landslide stability evaluation and monitoring early warning.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a graph of the distribution of the membership function half-trapezoids according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the slope moisture content, groundwater and displacement monitoring points and monitoring, collecting and processing equipment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the slope body grid division and displacement deformation monitoring points of the invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an example of a slope body monitoring point, datum point, trailing edge wall and trailing edge crack of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with examples which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the invention.

step one, monitoring and preprocessing slope displacement, rear edge cracks, underground water level and slope body water content data;

2) Arrangement and installation of monitoring equipment;

3) Preprocessing monitoring data;

selecting and determining key parameters of different displacements of the side slope;

1) Determining displacement rate statistic parameters;

2) Determining a displacement vector angle statistic parameter;

3) Determining the change rate of the trailing edge crack communication rate;

4) Determining the change rate of the underground water level;

5) Determining the change rate of the water content of the slope body;

1) Determining a slope displacement rate critical statistic parameter;

2) Determining a slope displacement vector angle critical statistic parameter;

4) Determining a critical value of the change rate of the underground water level;

5) Determining a critical value of the change rate of the water content of the slope body;

step six, determining the degree of membership of each moving force parameter stability of the side slope;

seventhly, determining the stability weight of each movement force parameter;

2) According to the slope stability comprehensive monitoring and early warning parameters and the relation between the slope stability comprehensive monitoring and early warning parameters and the slope stability, different slope stability monitoring and early warning values can be determined, and slope stability is monitored and early warned.

In the first step, the steps of setting monitoring points and reference points at key points such as main sliding areas, rear edge cracks, shearing outlets and the like are as follows: (1) selecting m monitoring points arranged on the main sliding surface of the monitored side slope corresponding to the slope surface, and uniformly arranging the monitoring points on the slope surface at equal intervals from the trailing edge wall to the leading edge shear outlet according to the actual topography of the slope surface to form a monitoring net; (2) selecting at least 3 points with good geological conditions and stable point positions as monitoring reference points in a stable bedrock or deformation-free area outside a landslide body to form a control network, and ensuring self-checking and controlling comprehensive monitoring of side slope monitoring points;

the arrangement and installation steps of the monitoring equipment are as follows: (1) GPS displacement monitoring equipment is arranged at the monitoring point and the monitoring reference point, so that the slope displacement monitoring equipment is tightly connected with the surface of the landslide body, and the deformation of the surface of the slope body can be accurately reflected; (2) drilling at each monitoring point of the side slope, wherein the drilling depth is below the basement rock surface or the underground water level of the slope in the past year, so that the underground water level can be monitored in any time period after the monitoring equipment is arranged; a pressure type water level gauge is arranged at the bottom of the drill hole, and an additional air pressure compensation device is arranged on the slope surface at the same time, so that the change of the underground water level is monitored; (3) respectively arranging soil moisture sensors at the junction of the bedrock surface and the upper soil layer at each monitoring point and 0.5m below the surface of the slope body, wherein the total number of the soil moisture sensors is 2 x m, and the soil moisture sensors are used for reflecting the change condition of the water content of the slope body of the side slope in real time; (4) the method comprises the following steps of (1) measuring cracks on the rear edge of a side slope by adopting a manual measurement method, numbering each crack, measuring by using a steel ruler, and recording data once every two days;

Determination of displacement rate in the second step

And vertical displacement

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

respectively the horizontal displacement of the kth monitoring point of the side slope at the time i and the time i-1;

Determining the displacement vector angle in the second step

According to equation (3), determining displacement vector angle of each monitoring point k =1,2, \8230, m at i time i =1,2, \8230, n:

i =1,2, \8230atthe ith moment of the slope, n monitoring points k =1,2, \8230, and the mean value of the displacement vector angle of m is determined by the arithmetic mean value of the displacement vector angles of the monitoring points, as shown in formula (4)

Determining the length of the trailing edge crack in step two

Determining the length L of the trailing edge wall of the slope through surveying and mapping, wherein the length of the trailing edge crack is determined according to the formula (5):

Determination of ground Water level in the third step

The underground water level of the side slope is determined by the average value of the actually measured underground water levels at each monitoring point:

wherein H is the underground water level of the side slope; m is the number of monitoring points; h is a total of _k For each monitoring pointThe ground water level; determination of slope water content in step three

Determination of the Displacement Rate statistic parameter in step four

Calculating a displacement rate statistic parameter according to a trend displacement analysis principle to serve as a slope stability evaluation parameter of the displacement rate;

(1) calculating the average value of the slope displacement rate:

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the slope is the slope ith moment i =1,2, \ 8230, and the displacement rate mean value of each monitoring point n;

(2) calculating slope displacement rate statistic parameters:

determination of displacement vector angle statistic parameter in step four

(1) calculating the average value of the slope displacement vector angle:

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

(2) calculating slope displacement vector angle statistic parameters:

wherein delta is the change rate of the crack communication rate of the rear edge of the side slope; c is the total length of the rear edge crack; l is the trailing edge wall length;

determination of rate of change of groundwater level in step four

The groundwater level change rate is determined by equation (13):

wherein ζ is the underground water level change rate; h is the underground water level of the slope at the current moment; h _o Is the initial underground water level of the side slope;

determination of slope water content change rate in step four

The rate of change of the water content of the slope body is determined by the formula (14):

wherein eta is the change rate of the water content of the slope body; w is the water content of the slope body at the current moment of the slope; w is a _o The initial water content of the side slope.

The critical statistical quantity parameter of the slope displacement rate in the fifth step

Is determined

Selecting a certain significance level alpha, and calculating the critical statistic parameter of the slope displacement rate

for the displacement rate statistic parameters of each monitoring point,

the displacement rate of each monitoring point is an average value;

alpha is significance level for the variance of displacement rate statistic of each monitoring point, 0.05 is taken in the invention,

the probability parameter is a probability parameter of the standard normal distribution, and can be obtained by looking up a standard normal distribution bilateral critical value table;

as a side slopeDisplacement rate statistic parameter gamma _v When the slope is more than or equal to 1, the slope is in a stable state; when slope displacement speed statistic parameter gamma _v Less than displacement rate critical statistic parameter

When the slope moves, the slope tends to move;

step five, critical statistical quantity parameters of slope displacement vector angle

Is determined

for the parameter of the displacement vector angle statistic of each monitoring point,

the variance of the angular statistics of the displacement vector of each monitoring point is calculated;

In time, the slope has trend and changes in displacement direction;

determining the critical value of the change rate of the trailing edge crack communication rate in the fifth step

determining the critical value of the change rate of the water content of the slope body in the fifth step

In time, the slope becomes unstable;

the quantitative criteria of the slope displacement rate, the displacement vector angle, the trailing edge crack, the underground water level and the slope water content stability evaluation parameters are shown in the table 1.

TABLE 1 quantitative criterion for slope stability evaluation parameters

The slope displacement rate membership function in the sixth step is as follows:

the trailing edge crack membership function in the step six is as follows:

the underground water level membership function in the sixth step is as follows:

and the subordinative function of the water content of the slope body in the sixth step is as follows:

the improved analytic hierarchy process in step seven: if A is as important as B, refer to Table 1, if A is more important than B, refer to Table 2, and if A is not B important, refer to 0;

b _ij ∈{0，1，2}；

TABLE 2 initial decision matrix

3) Calculating weights

The final weight value of each parameter is found from equation (23):

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the slope multi-parameter stability comprehensive membership degree in the step eight is shown as a formula (24):

M＝z _v u _v +z _θ u _θ +z _c u _c +z _H u _H +z _W u _W (24)

wherein: m is the comprehensive membership degree of the slope multi-parameter; z is a radical of _v 、z _θ 、z _c 、z _H 、z _W Respectively evaluating the weight values of the parameters for the displacement rate of the side slope, the displacement vector angle, the crack of the rear edge, the underground water level and the stability of the water content of the slope body on the stability of the side slope; u. of _v 、u _θ 、u _c 、u _H 、u _W The slope stability membership degrees are respectively the slope displacement rate, the displacement vector angle, the trailing edge crack, the underground water level and the slope water content stability evaluation parameters;

and eighthly, monitoring and early warning the slope stability: when 0.75< -M is less than or equal to 1, the side slope is in a stable state; when 0.5< -M is less than or equal to 0.75, the side slope is in a basic stable state, and the early warning level is yellow early warning; when the number M of the piles is less than or equal to 0.25, the side slope is in an under-stable state, and the early warning level is orange early warning; when M is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.25, the side slope is in an unstable state, and the early warning grade is red early warning.

Example (b):

now, the method will be described in detail by taking a certain landslide in Wushan county as an example. The landslide is in a rectangular plane shape, the length of the landslide is about 450m, the width of the landslide is about 350m, the elevation of the landslide is about 160m, the length of the rear edge wall of the landslide is about 170m, the thickness of a soil body is about 5-15 m, the landslide is made of silty clay, and the area of the landslide is about 15 multiplied by 10 ⁴ m ² Volume of about 120X 10 ⁴ m ³ . The integral slope direction of the landslide region is 275 degrees, and the slope angle is about 20-30 degrees. The method for monitoring and evaluating the landslide comprises the following specific implementation steps:

the first step is as follows: monitoring of slope displacement, trailing edge crack, underground water level and slope body water content data

1) The method comprises the following steps of carrying out preliminary survey and mapping on the side slope, determining the distribution range and size of the side slope and the length of the trailing edge wall, and setting monitoring points and datum points at key points such as a main sliding area, trailing edge cracks and a shear outlet: (1) selecting m monitoring points arranged on the main sliding surface of the monitored side slope corresponding to the slope surface, and uniformly arranging the monitoring points on the slope surface at equal intervals from the trailing edge wall to the leading edge shear outlet according to the actual topography of the slope surface to form a monitoring net (see figure 4); (2) in a stable bedrock or a non-deformation area outside a landslide body, 3 points which have good geological conditions and stable point positions and can meet GPS observation conditions are selected as monitoring reference points to form a control network, so that self-checking and comprehensive monitoring of slope monitoring points are guaranteed (see figure 5).

2) Arrangement and installation of monitoring equipment (see fig. 3, 1 in the figure is a pressure type water gauge; FIG. 2 shows a soil moisture sensor; 3 in the figure is a displacement monitoring point; the figure 4 is displacement change monitoring equipment; FIG. 5 shows a monitoring reference point and equipment; the figure 6 is a data acquisition device; FIG. 7 shows a remote monitoring room; main slip plane slope 8 in the figure): (1) and a GPS displacement monitoring device is arranged at the monitoring point and the monitoring reference point, so that the slope displacement monitoring device is tightly connected with the surface of the landslide body, and the deformation of the surface of the landslide body can be accurately reflected. (2) And drilling at the selected monitoring point position of the side slope, wherein the drilling depth is below the basement rock surface or the underground water level of the slope in the past year, and the underground water level can be monitored to change in any time period after the monitoring equipment is arranged. The bottom of the drill hole is provided with a pressure type water gauge, and an additional air pressure compensation device is arranged on the slope surface at the same time, so that the change of the underground water level is monitored. (3) And respectively arranging soil moisture sensors at the junction of the bedrock surface and the upper soil layer at each monitoring point and 0.5m below the surface of the slope body, wherein the total number of the soil moisture sensors is 2 x m, and the soil moisture sensors are used for reflecting the change condition of the water content of the slope body of the side slope in real time. (4) The method for measuring the side slope trailing edge cracks adopts a manual measurement method, firstly, each crack is numbered, then, a steel ruler is used for measuring and recording data, and the measurement is carried out once every two days.

The second step is that: selection and determination of key parameters of different displacements of slope

Selecting a displacement key parameter which can reflect the change of the integral stability of the side slope: and the displacement rate, the displacement vector angle and the trailing edge crack are used as slope stability evaluation indexes.

1) Determination of displacement rate

Monitoring the vertical displacement and the horizontal displacement of each monitoring point of the side slope respectively every T =10d by using GPS displacement monitoring equipment, sending monitoring data to a data processing center through wireless transmission, and obtaining the vertical displacement of each monitoring point k =1,2, \ 8230, m after monitoring for 6 periods

And horizontal displacement

Data, calculated and collated by microsoft Excel software, were obtained as the following table 3:

TABLE 3 statistical table (mm) of horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of each monitoring point of side slope

According to the monitoring data of n horizontal displacement and vertical displacement, the displacement rate of each monitoring point at the moment i can be obtained (see table 4):

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

vertical displacement of the kth monitoring point of the side slope at the time i and the time i-1 respectively; t is the time interval between time i and time i-1.

The slope ith time i =1,2, \8230, n monitoring points k =1,2, \8230, the m displacement rate mean is determined by the arithmetic mean of the displacement rates of the monitoring points (see table 4):

TABLE 4 displacement rate values and mean values (mm/d) of monitoring points at the ith time of the side slope

2) Determination of displacement vector angle

Determining the displacement vector angle of each monitoring point k =1,2, \8230, m at i instant i =1,2, \8230, n (see table 5):

slope ith time i =1,2, \8230, n monitoring points k =1,2, \8230, m displacement vector angle mean is determined by the arithmetic mean of the displacement vector angles of the monitoring points (see table 5):

TABLE 5 slope ith moment each monitoring point displacement vector angle value and mean value (°)

3) Determination of trailing edge crack length

Through surveying and mapping, the length L =170m of the trailing edge wall of the slope is determined, the length of each crack measured on the same day is shown in the table 6, and the length of the trailing edge crack is as follows:

and (4) rice.

TABLE 6 side slope trailing edge crack length

Crack numbering	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
								Length (m)	10	7	2	5	12	5	11

The third step: selection and determination of different dynamic key parameters of slope

1) Determination of groundwater level

The initial underground water level of each monitoring point of the side slope and the monitoring value of the underground water level of the current day are shown in the table 7, and then the initial underground water level of the side slope is as follows: h _o =40.46 m, ground water level at the current time:

and (4) rice.

Watch 7 underground water level of each monitoring point of side slope (m)

Monitoring time	JC3	JC4	JC5	JC6	JC7
						2014.06.07	51.1	43.7	30.5	32.4	44.6
2014.08.07	64.3	55.1	42.5	40.6	57.1

2) Determination of water content of slope

Respectively monitoring the water content of the junction of the bedrock surface and the upper soil layer corresponding to each monitoring point and the water content of the position 0.5m below the surface of the slope body (see table 8), and the initial water content of the slope body: w ₀ =23.8%, the water content of the slope body at the current moment is as follows:

TABLE 8 moisture content (%) of slope at different positions of each monitoring point

The fourth step: determination of slope different-position moving force stability evaluation parameters

1) Determination of displacement rate statistic parameters

(1) Calculating the average value of the slope displacement rate:

(2) calculating slope displacement rate statistic parameters:

2) Determination of slope displacement vector angle statistic parameters

(1) Calculating the average value of the slope displacement vector angle:

(2) calculating slope displacement vector angle statistic parameters:

3) Determining the rate of change of the trailing edge crack communication rate:

4) Determining the change rate of the underground water level:

5) Determining the change rate of the water content of the slope body:

the fifth step: determination of slope different-position moving force stability evaluation parameter critical value

1) Critical statistic parameter of slope displacement rate

Is determined

Selecting significance level alpha =0.05, and calculating slope displacement rate critical statistic parameters

Wherein the content of the first and second substances,

for each monitoring point k =1,2, \ 8230;, m displacement rate statistic parameter mean,

for the displacement rate statistic parameters for each monitoring point (see table 9),

the average value of the displacement rate of each monitoring point is shown in the table 4;

for the variance of the displacement rate statistic of each monitoring point, alpha is a significance level, 0.05 is taken in the invention,

the probability parameter is a probability parameter of the standard normal distribution, and can be obtained by looking up the standard normal distribution bilateral critical value table

TABLE 9 Displacement Rate statistics parameters for Each monitoring Point of the slope

	JC3	JC4	JC5	JC6	JC7	Mean value
							γ _v ^k	0.34	0.19	0.30	0.25	0.28	0.27

2) Slope displacement vector angle critical statistic parameter

Is determined

Selecting significance level alpha =0.05, and calculating slope displacement vector angle critical statistic parameters

for each monitoring point k =1,2, \ 8230;, m displacement vector angle statistic parameter mean value,

for the displacement vector angular statistic parameter for each monitoring point (see table 10),

is the average of the displacement vector angles of each monitoring point (see table 5),

and the variance of the displacement vector angle statistic of each monitoring point.

TABLE 10 Displacement vector angle statistic parameters of each monitoring point of side slope

	JC3	JC4	JC5	JC6	JC7	Mean value
							γ _θ ^k	0.35	0.40	0.81	0.66	0.97	0.64

3) Determination of trailing edge crack communication rate change rate threshold

When the trailing edge crack communication rate change rate δ =0, the side slope is in a stable state; when δ >90%, the slope is destabilized.

4) Determination of groundwater level change rate threshold

When the change rate zeta of the groundwater level of the side slope is less than or equal to 0, the side slope is in a stable state; when ζ >70%, the slope is destabilized.

5) Determination of slope water content change rate critical value

In the embodiment, the slope soil is silty clay, and when the change rate eta of the water content of the slope is less than or equal to 0, the slope is in a stable state; when the water content of the soil body of the side slope is the saturated water content w _p =32%, i.e. rate of change of water content of slope body

The slope will be unstable.

And a sixth step: determination of degree of membership of stability of each position of side slope moving force parameter

1) According to the principle 2, the membership functions of the slope displacement rate, the displacement vector angle, the trailing edge crack, the underground water level and the slope water content can be respectively determined.

The slope displacement rate membership function is:

the slope displacement vector angle membership function is as follows:

the trailing edge crack function is:

the underground water level membership function is:

the water content membership function of the slope body is as follows:

2) According to the membership function, the slope stability membership of any moment displacement rate, displacement vector angle, trailing edge deformation crack communication rate, underground water level and slope water content can be determined: u. u _v ＝0、u _θ ＝0.31、 u _c ＝0.66、u _H ＝0.60、u _W ＝0.39。

The seventh step: determination of the weights of the parameters

The weight of each parameter is calculated using modified analytic hierarchy process.

1) The initial decision matrix is shown in the following table:

TABLE 11 initial decision matrix

2) Finally, judging a matrix:

3) Calculating weights

And (3) solving the final weight value of each parameter: z is a radical of formula _v ＝0.386、z _θ ＝0.386、z _c ＝0.047、 z _H ＝0.134、z _W ＝0.047。

Eighth step: determination of slope monitoring early warning parameters and stability monitoring early warning thereof

1) Determination of slope stability monitoring early warning parameters

And performing weighted calculation on the slope displacement rate, the displacement vector angle, the trailing edge cracks, the underground water level and the slope body water content membership degree, thereby determining the slope multi-parameter stability comprehensive membership degree:

M＝z _v u _v +z _θ u _θ +z _c u _c +z _H u _H +z _W u _W ＝0.249

2) Monitoring and early warning the stability of the side slope according to the monitoring and early warning parameters of the stability of the side slope and the relation between the monitoring and early warning parameters and the stability of the side slope: m is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.25, the side slope is in an unstable state, and the early warning grade is red early warning.

The working principle is as follows:

1) Trend displacement analysis principle and evaluation method

Slope displacement includes trending displacement, periodic displacement and partially random displacement. The creep displacement and the compression deformation of the slope body of the side slope represent the local stress action of the slope body and belong to local deformation, and the overall sliding of the side slope is the result of the overall gliding stress field action of the side slope and represents the overall sliding deformation trend of the side slope. Therefore, the method has important significance for evaluating the slope stability by comprehensively and correctly analyzing and judging the overall trend displacement of the slope. When the landslide is in a stable state, the deformation of the landslide is mainly creep sliding and compression deformation, and the integral trend sliding amount is small; when the landslide enters an unstable stage, the deformation amount mainly consists of the overall slippage amount, and the proportion of the surface creep and the compression deformation amount is correspondingly reduced. Therefore, the displacement of the sample at this stage will tend to increase or decrease, which is statistically called the gradual shift of the population mean. Assuming that landslide displacement observation points are mutually independent, obey normal distribution and have the same variance sigma ² Random sequence X of _i i =1,2, \8230;, n. The sample mean, sample variance and mean square error are respectively:

according to the statistical principle, when the slope is not moved in the whole, S ² And q is ² Are unbiased estimates of the overall variance, which should be similar, when the slope is in a stable state. If the population gradually moves and the variance σ ² While remaining unchanged, S ² Will be subject to such a tendency to grow, due to q ² The difference between the two previous and subsequent observations is only included to eliminate most of the effect, and the effect is not so large. To test for gross movement, statistics can be made:

selecting a certain confidence level alpha, determining the critical value gamma of the corresponding gamma value _d ：

for the average value of the displacement statistics of each monitoring point,

for each monitoring point displacement statistic variance, alpha is the confidence level,

the probability parameter of the standard normal distribution can be obtained by looking up a standard normal distribution bilateral critical value table.

Calculating gamma using actual monitoring data ^k And corresponding gamma _d Can be aligned to gamma ^k The values were checked. If the side slope key part monitoring point gamma ^k ≥γ _d Judging that the slope body of the side slope has no trend displacement; if gamma is ^k <γ _d And judging that the slope body of the side slope has trend displacement.

2) Fuzzy mathematic membership function modeling principle and method

For a certain set a, element a either belongs to a or does not belong to a, either of which is mandatory or only, which is a characteristic of the classical set. However, in actual work and life, people often encounter the problem of showing the property of being between "being" and "not being," which is so. To solve such problems in actual work, it is necessary to obfuscate the concept that an element belongs to a collection, recognizing that there are elements on the domain that do not belong to a collection at all or not at all, making the absolute belonging concept of a classical collection a relative belonging concept. Generalizing the situation that the characteristic function in the classical set only takes two values of 0,1 to the closeable interval [0,1 ]]Admits that different elements in the domain of discourse have different degrees of membership to the same set. In fuzzy mathematics, the "clearest point" in a theoretical domain is the element with membership degrees of 0 and 1, commonly referred to as the "definite state", and the element with the least certainty is attributed with a membership degree of 0.5, these elements being referred to as the "most fuzzy points", also referred to as "cross points". In the present invention, when there is no movement overall, S ² And q is ² The slope is unbiased estimation of the overall variance, the values of the unbiased estimation are equal, namely when gamma =1, the slope is kept in a stable state, and the membership degree of the slope displacement rate and the displacement vector angle is considered to be 1 at the moment. If gamma is to be<γ _d Then, it can be determined that the slope has a tendency displacement with the confidence level 1- α, and the slope is in an unstable state, and the membership degree is considered to be 0 at this time.

The membership functions have various forms, mainly including triangular distribution, trapezoidal distribution, ridge distribution and trigonometric function distribution, and the semi-trapezoidal distribution is suitable for projects with higher safety level requirements as known from related research results. Thus, the present invention constructs membership functions using a semi-trapezoidal distribution (FIG. 2). Before the membership functions are established, for the sake of simplifying the conditions, the following assumptions are made: the influence of the evaluation parameters of the slope displacement rate, the displacement vector angle, the trailing edge crack, the underground water level and the slope water content on the slope stability is linearly changed.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, which is intended to cover any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A landslide comprehensive monitoring and early warning method based on displacement and power multi-parameter is characterized by comprising the following steps:

monitoring and preprocessing slope displacement, rear edge cracks, underground water level and slope body water content data;

1) Carrying out preliminary survey and mapping on the side slope, determining the distribution range and size of the side slope and the length characteristics of the trailing edge wall, and setting monitoring points and datum points at key points of cracks and cut-out openings of the main sliding area and the trailing edge;

wherein the steps of setting monitoring points and reference points at the main sliding area, the rear edge cracks and the cut-out key points are as follows: (1) selecting m monitoring points which are arranged on the main sliding surface of the monitored side slope and correspond to the slope surface, and uniformly arranging the monitoring points according to the actual topography of the slope surface from the rear edge wall to the slope surface distance of the front edge shear outlet to form a monitoring net; (2) selecting points with good geological conditions and stable point positions as monitoring reference points in a stable bedrock or non-deformation area outside a landslide mass to form a control network, and ensuring self-checking and controlling comprehensive monitoring of slope monitoring points;

the arrangement and installation steps of the monitoring equipment are as follows: (1) GPS displacement monitoring equipment is arranged at the monitoring point and the monitoring reference point, so that the slope displacement monitoring equipment is tightly connected with the surface of the landslide body, and the deformation of the surface of the landslide body can be accurately reflected; (2) drilling at each monitoring point of the side slope, wherein the drilling depth is below the surface of the basement rock or the underground water level in the past year, so that the underground water level can be monitored to change at any time after the monitoring equipment is arranged; arranging a soil moisture sensor at the bottom of the drill hole, and arranging an additional air pressure compensation device on the slope surface at the same time to jointly monitor the change of the underground water level; (3) respectively arranging soil moisture sensors at the junction of the bedrock surface and the upper soil layer at each monitoring point and 0.5m below the surface of the slope body, wherein the total number of the soil moisture sensors is 2 x m, and the soil moisture sensors are used for reflecting the change condition of the water content of the slope body of the side slope in real time; (4) the method comprises the following steps of (1) measuring cracks on the rear edge of a side slope by adopting a manual measurement method, numbering each crack, measuring by using a steel ruler, and recording data once every two days;

preprocessing monitoring data: classifying and preprocessing the vertical displacement, the horizontal displacement, the underground water level, the slope body water content and the length of each trailing edge crack at the m monitored monitoring points, and inputting an Excel table;

2) Arrangement and installation of monitoring equipment;

3) Preprocessing monitoring data;

determination of the displacement rate;

And vertical displacement

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

vertical displacement of the kth monitoring point of the side slope at the time i and the time i-1 respectively; t is the time interval between the moment i and the moment i-1;

i =1,2, \8230atthe ith time of the slope, n monitoring points k =1,2, \8230, and the mean value of the m displacement rate is determined by the arithmetic mean value of the displacement rate of each monitoring point, as shown in formula (2)

Determining the displacement vector angle;

Determining the length of the trailing edge crack;

wherein C is the total length of the trailing edge crack; f is the number of the rear edge cracks; c. C _i For each trailing edge crack length;

step three, selecting and determining different dynamic key parameters of the side slope;

1) Determining displacement rate statistic parameters;

2) Determining displacement vector angle statistic parameters;

3) Determining the change rate of the trailing edge crack communication rate;

4) Determining the change rate of the underground water level;

5) Determining the change rate of the water content of the slope body;

step five, determining the critical value of the evaluation parameter of the stability of the different-position moving force of the side slope;

1) Determining a slope displacement rate critical statistic parameter;

2) Determining a slope displacement vector angle critical statistic parameter;

5) Determining a slope water content change rate critical value;

1) Respectively determining membership functions of evaluation parameters of slope displacement rate, displacement vector angle, trailing edge crack, underground water level and slope water content;

seventhly, determining the stability weight of each movement force parameter;

step eight, determining slope monitoring and early warning parameters and monitoring and early warning the stability of the slope monitoring and early warning parameters;

1) Determining a slope stability comprehensive monitoring and early warning parameter, performing weighted calculation on a slope displacement rate, a displacement vector angle, a trailing edge crack, an underground water level and a slope body water content membership degree, and determining a slope multi-parameter stability comprehensive membership degree;

2. The landslide comprehensive monitoring and early warning method based on displacement and power multiparameters as claimed in claim 1, wherein the determination of groundwater level in the third step;

wherein H is the underground water level of the side slope; m is the number of monitoring points; h is _k The underground water level at each monitoring point;

determining the water content of the slope body in the third step;

wherein W is the water content of the slope body; 2m is two soil moisture sensors; w is a _k And the water content of the junction of the bedrock surface and the upper soil layer corresponding to each monitoring point and the water content of the place 0.5m below the surface of the slope body.

3. The landslide comprehensive monitoring and early warning method based on displacement and power multiparameters as claimed in claim 2, wherein the determination of displacement rate statistic parameters in the fourth step;

(1) calculating the average value of the slope displacement rate:

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

(2) calculating slope displacement rate statistic parameters:

determining the angular statistic parameters of the displacement vector in the fourth step;

(1) calculating the average value of the slope displacement vector angle:

(2) calculating slope displacement vector angle statistic parameters:

determining the change rate of the trailing edge crack communication rate in the fourth step;

monitoring the development condition of each rear edge crack of the side slope, and determining the communication rate change rate of the rear edge cracks of the side slope according to the formula (12):

determining the change rate of the underground water level in the fourth step;

the groundwater level change rate is determined by equation (13):

wherein, ζ is the groundwater level change rate; h is the underground water level of the slope at the current moment; h _o The initial underground water level of the side slope;

determining the change rate of the water content of the slope body in the fourth step;

4. The landslide integrated monitoring and early warning method based on displacement and power multiparameters as claimed in claim 3, wherein the critical statistical quantity parameter of slope displacement rate in the fifth step

Determining;

for the displacement rate statistic parameters of each monitoring point,

the displacement rate of each monitoring point is an average value;

the probability parameter is a probability parameter of the standard normal distribution and can be obtained by looking up a standard normal distribution bilateral critical value table;

when slope displacement rate statistic parameter gamma _v When the slope is more than or equal to 1, the slope is in a stable state; when slope displacement rate statistic parameter gamma _v Less than displacement rate critical statistic parameter

When the slope moves, the slope tends to move;

step five, critical statistic parameters of slope displacement vector angle

Determination of (1);

Wherein the content of the first and second substances,

for each monitoring point k =1,2, \ 8230, the average value of the parameter of the m displacement vector angle statistic,

when displacement vector angle statistic parameter gamma _θ When the displacement vector angle statistic parameter gamma is larger than or equal to 1, the side slope is in a stable state _θ Less than displacement vector angle critical statistic parameter

In time, the slope has a trend of changing the displacement direction;

determining a critical value of the change rate of the trailing edge crack communication rate in the step five;

as the trailing edge crack is continuously expanded once appearing, the communication rate change rate delta is greater than 0, and when the trailing edge crack communication rate change rate delta =0, the slope is in a stable state; when delta is larger than 90%, the side slope is unstable;

determining a critical value of the underground water level change rate in the fifth step;

when the change rate zeta of the groundwater level of the side slope is less than or equal to 0, the side slope is in a stable state; when ζ is larger than 70%, the side slope is unstable;

determining a slope water content change rate critical value in the fifth step;

In time, the slope becomes unstable;

the quantitative criteria of the parameters of slope displacement rate, displacement vector angle, trailing edge crack, groundwater level and slope water content stability evaluation are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 quantitative criterion for slope stability evaluation parameters

5. The landslide comprehensive monitoring and early warning method based on displacement and power multiparameters as claimed in claim 4, wherein the slope displacement rate membership function in the sixth step is:

the trailing edge crack membership function in the step six is as follows:

the underground water level membership function in the step six is as follows:

6. the comprehensive landslide monitoring and early warning method based on displacement and power multiparameters as claimed in claim 5, wherein the improved analytic hierarchy process in step seven is characterized in that if A and B are the same in importance, the A is referred to as Table 1, if A is more important than B, the A is referred to as Table 2, and if A is not important, the B is referred to as 0;

1) According to the actual conditions of different slopes, an initial judgment matrix is established by utilizing an expert scoring method as shown in the table 2, wherein

TABLE 2 initial decision matrix

3) Calculating the weight;

the final weight value of each parameter is found according to equation (23):

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

7. the comprehensive landslide monitoring and early warning method based on displacement and power multiparameters as claimed in claim 6, wherein the comprehensive degree of membership of slope multiparameter stability in the step eight is as shown in formula (24):

M＝z _v u _v +z _θ u _θ +z _c u _c +z _H u _H +z _W u _W (24)

wherein: m is a slope multi-parameter comprehensive membership degree; z is a radical of _v 、z _θ 、z _c 、z _H 、z _W Respectively evaluating the weight of the parameters for slope displacement rate, displacement vector angle, trailing edge crack, underground water level and slope water content stability to the slope stability; u. of _v 、u _θ 、u _c 、u _H 、u _W The slope is respectively the slope displacement rate, the displacement vector angle, the trailing edge crack, the underground water level and the slope water content stability evaluation parametersA degree of membership to stability;

the magnitude of the slope multi-parameter stability comprehensive membership degree directly indicates the stable state of the slope, wherein if the comprehensive membership degree is equal to 0, the slope is indicated to be in an unstable state, and trend displacement is certainly generated; if the comprehensive membership degree is equal to 1, the slope is in a stable state and does not have trend displacement; if the comprehensive membership degree is between 0 and 1, whether the number is close to 0 or close to 1 is considered: the closer to 0, the higher the probability of the slope generating trend displacement is; the closer to 1, the higher the possibility that the slope is in a stable state is; therefore, the comprehensive degree of membership of the stability of the multi-position moving force parameters is determined as a comprehensive monitoring and early warning parameter of the slope stability;

monitoring and early warning the stability of the side slope in the step eight: when the number M of the 0.75-woven fabrics is less than or equal to 1, the side slope is in a stable state; when 0.5< -M is less than or equal to 0.75, the side slope is in a basic stable state, and the early warning level is yellow early warning; when the number M of 0.25< -M is less than or equal to 0.5, the side slope is in an under-stable state, and the early warning grade is orange early warning; when M is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.25, the side slope is in an unstable state, and the early warning grade is red early warning.