CN110930004A - Large-scale surface mine side slope landslide hazard early warning method based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method - Google Patents
Large-scale surface mine side slope landslide hazard early warning method based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A large-scale open mine side slope landslide hazard early warning method based on a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is characterized in that a monitor is arranged on a side slope of a large-scale open mine to be early warned, and micro-shock, displacement, deformation and stress signals of the side slope of each level of the mine and the vicinity of a key structure surface are monitored; transmitting various signals to a signal gathering processing station, performing signal identification and parameter extraction, selecting eight parameter indexes to form a multi-parameter index matrix, and performing normalization processing on each index; analyzing landslide disaster data of the large-scale surface mine under the mining conditions of the mine and similar geology, calculating the ratio of the early warning correct times of each index to the landslide disaster to the total early warning correct times, and determining the weight value of each index; constructing a fuzzy evaluation matrix; and aiming at the difference of the sizes of the key structural surfaces of the general side slope, the combined step side slope and the step side slope of the surface mine, different surface mine side slope landslide hazard early warning criteria are established. The invention can solve the monitoring and early warning problem of the landslide hazard of the side slope of the large-scale open mine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a large-scale surface mine side slope landslide hazard early warning method based on a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and belongs to the field of surface mine mining side slope hazard prevention and control.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of economy in China, some large-scale construction projects related to the national civilization, such as middle and western large-scale hydroelectric engineering, highways and highways, deep resource exploitation, strategic oil reserve, nuclear power engineering and the like, are implemented successively, the problems of stability and catastrophe of rock masses in engineering areas are quite prominent, particularly in the process of large-scale open-pit mining, the blasting method is often used, landslide geological disasters are more easily caused, production is seriously influenced at a light rate, and casualties and major losses of equipment and mineral resources are caused at a heavy rate. Statistical analysis shows that unstable side slopes or side slopes with potential landslide risks in large and medium-sized surface mines in China account for about 15% -20% of the total amount of the side slopes, individual mines even reach up to 30%, and side slope instability mostly occurs in step side slopes or combined step side slopes. Therefore, effective indexes are required to be established to monitor and early warn the landslide disasters of the side slopes of the surface mines. However, the following problems currently exist: (1) in the process of surface mining, the early warning criterion caused by huge monitoring data is extremely complex; (2) the traditional method unreasonable uses the monitoring data, so that the accuracy of the early warning index is low; (3) the safety coefficient of the side slope is too low due to neglect of the influence of blasting dynamic load; (4) too many early warning indexes lead to difficulty in selection of workers; (5) the cooperativity of the mine slope landslide hazard early warning criteria of different grades is not considered, so that the phenomenon of side slope landslide hazard is considered in the side slope prevention and control process; (6) adopt cable transmission monitoring signal, the interference killing feature is weak, and signal attenuation is big, and transmission quality is poor, and the heavy laying and transportation of being inconvenient for of quality, too much use nonferrous metal copper, the expense is higher.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the conventional method and the conventional technology, the invention provides the large-scale surface mine side slope landslide disaster early warning method based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, which can solve the monitoring and early warning difficulty of the large-scale surface mine side slope landslide disaster, avoid the defects that the early warning criterion is extremely complex due to huge monitoring data, the early warning index accuracy is low due to unreasonable data utilization, the safety coefficient of the side slope is too low due to neglect of the influence of blasting dynamic load, and the early warning index is too much to be selected by workers, improve the accuracy and the scientificity of the mine side slope landslide disaster early warning, and provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of the university surface mine side slope disaster.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a large-scale surface mine side slope landslide hazard early warning method based on a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method comprises the following steps:
(1) arranging a multi-probe microseismic monitor, a digital photogrammetric instrument and a distributed optical fiber anchor cable monitor on the side slope of the large open-pit mine to be early warned, and monitoring microseismic, displacement, deformation and stress signals near the side slopes of all levels and key structural surfaces of the mine;
(2) transmitting the various signals in the step (1) to a signal summarizing and processing station, summarizing and preprocessing the signals, and eliminating useless signals;
(3) transmitting the preprocessed multiple signals to a multifunctional signal converter through a signal path to generate optical signals, and transmitting the optical signals to an intelligent computer through an optical fiber channel;
(4) signal identification and parameter extraction are carried out in an intelligent computer, and eight parameter indexes K are selectedi(i-1, 2, … 8) to form PolyginsengA matrix of quantity indices, eight indices including ZmapValue, activity scale Δ F, time information entropy QtAlgorithm complexity AC value, equivalent energy level parameter σH *Displacement acceleration Δ S, deformation amount ε, and glide force FS；
(5) Analyzing the relation between the eight indexes and the mine slope landslide disaster according to the monitoring results of the eight indexes in the step (4), dividing the indexes into positive indexes, negative indexes and bidirectional indexes, respectively carrying out normalization processing on the indexes by using different algorithms,
in the formula, kiThe ith value in the index monitoring value sequence is obtained; k is a radical ofmaxThe maximum value of the index monitoring value sequence is obtained; k is a radical ofminIs the minimum value of the index monitoring value sequence; k'i＝|ki-kavg|；k′maxIs ki' maximum of sequence; k is a radical ofavgThe average value of the index monitoring value sequence is obtained;
(6) analyzing landslide hazard data of the mine and the large-scale surface mine under similar geological mining conditions by utilizing a statistical principle, specifically analyzing eight indexes in the step (4), calculating the ratio of the early warning correct times of each index to the landslide hazard to the total early warning correct times, determining the weight value of each index,
in the formula, RiTo refer to the weight of the ith index,
for the ith index, the correct times of early warning are given,
the number of times that the ith index should be warned correctly is the total number;
(7) constructing a fuzzy evaluation matrix, and utilizing the index value subjected to normalization processingFuzzy operation and normalization are carried out on the eight indexes and the weight values of all the indexes, and the eight indexes are fused into a comprehensive index FHeald；
(8) The comprehensive index F in the step (7)HealdThe numerical value is transmitted to a landslide disaster early warning instrument in real time, and the landslide disaster early warning criterion of the side slope of the surface mine is established, as follows,
(9) and (5) repeating the steps (6) to (8), establishing different surface mine side slope landslide hazard early warning criteria according to different sizes of the surface mine overall side slope, the combined step side slope and the step side slope key structure surface, and taking corresponding prevention and treatment measures according to different landslide hazard dangers.
Further, in the step (1), the plurality of signals refer to attributes of signals, including electrical signals, digital signals, and optical signals.
In the step (2), the unwanted signal is noise or an unrecognizable signal.
Still further, in the step (4), the eight index calculation formulas are as follows,
①Zmap：
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
for all averaged magnitude samples over the entire time interval
Is a relatively stable quantity, characterizing the background features of the area under investigation;
averaging magnitude samples for samples in a time segment to be investigated
The arithmetic mean of (a); sigmaMAnd σmAre the standard deviations of the two samples, respectively, when Z is>2.5, also Z<2.5, all the events are small probability events, however, the occurrence of the landslide disaster is also the small probability event, and therefore, the abnormal critical value is taken as | Z | > 2.5;
② Activity Scale Δ F:
in the formula, T is days, M is a microseismic energy level, and the strong energy release theory is in direct proportion to the microseismic activity scale, namely, high value abnormity occurs before landslide disasters occur;
③ entropy Q of temporal informationt：
In the formula, n is the total number of the mine earthquake events with a certain time window;
titime of occurrence of ith mineral earthquake, piThe value is between 0 and 1; theoretically, before a landslide disaster occurs, an entropy value has a descending process, and the essence is that the heterogeneity of the microseismic energy spatial distribution is increased;
④ algorithm complexity AC value:
AC＝lnn/(n·lnM)
in the formula, n is the number of changes of the energy level in a certain time window; m is Mmax-Mmin+1. Before a landslide disaster occurs, the AC value theoretically has a transition from a high value abnormity to a low value;
⑤ equivalent energy level parameter σH*
M＝lg E，
In the formula, m*The microseismic normalized energy level within a certain time window,
is m*The mean normalized energy level of (a) is present before the occurrence of a landslide hazardHHigh value anomaly;
⑥ displacement speed increase Δ S:
the displacement acceleration delta S refers to the displacement acceleration speed of the side slope, and the delta S has an obvious increase phenomenon before landslide disasters occur;
⑦ deformation ε:
the deformation epsilon refers to the deformation of a slope rock body, and the epsilon has an obvious increase phenomenon before a landslide disaster occurs;
⑧ glide force FS：
Downward force FSThe comprehensive downward sliding force of the overlying rock mass on the structural surface of the slope rock mass is obtained by superposition of dead load and dynamic load of blasting, and before a landslide disaster occurs, FSIt will be increased significantly, greater than the sliding resistance.
In the step (5), the forward direction index is: the larger the index value is, the higher the possibility of occurrence of landslide disasters is, and the negative index is: the smaller the index value is, the greater the possibility of occurrence of a landslide hazard is, and the bidirectional index is: the larger or smaller the absolute value of the index value is, the higher the possibility of occurrence of a landslide hazard is.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the monitoring and early warning method can solve the monitoring and early warning problem of the landslide hazard of the side slope of the large surface mine, and avoids the defects that the early warning criterion is extremely complex due to huge monitoring data, the early warning index accuracy is low due to unreasonable data utilization, the side slope safety coefficient is too low due to neglect of the influence of blasting dynamic load, and the early warning index is too much to select by workers; the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is suitable for complex open-pit mining environments and landslide disaster processes, and monitoring data can be fully utilized; the cooperativity of the mine slope landslide hazard early warning criteria of different grades is considered, so that the phenomenon that the landslide hazard is lost in the slope prevention and control process is avoided; the optical fiber channel has the advantages of large communication capacity, long transmission distance, electromagnetic interference resistance, good transmission quality, small optical fiber size, light weight, convenience in laying and transportation, abundant material sources, good environmental protection, contribution to saving of nonferrous metal copper and capability of effectively reducing the attenuation of signals; the method improves the accuracy and the scientificity of mine slope landslide disaster early warning, and provides scientific basis for mine slope disaster prevention and treatment in the open mines of universities. The method has important significance for reducing investment of large surface mine side slopes and water conservancy side slopes, reducing production cost and ensuring mining safety; meanwhile, the method is simple and convenient to operate, high in calculation efficiency and wide in application range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a large surface mine slope landslide hazard early warning method based on a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the large surface mine slope landslide hazard early warning method based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method comprises the following steps:
(1) monitoring instruments such as a multi-probe microseismic monitor, a digital photogrammetric instrument, a distributed optical fiber anchor cable monitor and the like are arranged on the side slope of the large open-pit mine to be early warned, and various signals such as microseismic, displacement, deformation, stress and the like near the side slope of each level of the mine and the key structural surface are monitored;
(2) transmitting the various signals in the step (1) to a signal summarizing and processing station, summarizing and preprocessing the signals, and eliminating useless signals;
(3) transmitting the preprocessed multiple signals to a multifunctional signal converter through a signal path to generate optical signals, and transmitting the optical signals to an intelligent computer through an optical fiber channel;
(4) signal identification and parameter extraction are carried out in an intelligent computer, and eight parameter indexes K are selectedi(i ═ 1,2, … 8), making up a multi-parameter index matrix, eight indices comprising ZmapValue, activity scale Δ F, time information entropy QtAlgorithm complexity AC value, equivalent energy level parameter σH *Displacement acceleration Δ S, deformation amount ε, and glide force FS；
(5) Analyzing the relation between the eight indexes and the mine slope landslide disaster according to the monitoring results of the eight indexes in the step (4), dividing the indexes into positive indexes, negative indexes and bidirectional indexes, respectively carrying out normalization processing on the indexes by using different algorithms,
in the formula, kiThe ith value in the index monitoring value sequence is obtained; k is a radical ofmaxThe maximum value of the index monitoring value sequence is obtained; k is a radical ofminIs the minimum value of the index monitoring value sequence; k'i＝|ki-kavg|；k′maxIs ki' maximum of sequence; k is a radical ofavgThe average value of the index monitoring value sequence is obtained;
(6) analyzing landslide hazard data of the mine and the large-scale surface mine under similar geological mining conditions by utilizing a statistical principle, specifically analyzing eight indexes in the step (4), calculating the ratio of the early warning correct times of each index to the landslide hazard to the total early warning correct times, determining the weight value of each index,
in the formula, RiTo refer to the weight of the ith index,
for the ith index, the correct times of early warning are given,
the number of times that the ith index should be warned correctly is the total number;
(7) constructing a fuzzy evaluation matrix, carrying out fuzzy operation and normalization processing by using the index values subjected to normalization processing and the weight values of all indexes, and fusing eight indexes into a comprehensive index FHeald；
(8) The comprehensive index F in the step (7)HealdThe numerical value is transmitted to a landslide disaster early warning instrument in real timeAnd the early warning criterion of the landslide hazard of the side slope of the surface mine is established, as follows,
(9) and (5) repeating the steps (6) to (8), establishing different surface mine side slope landslide hazard early warning criteria according to different sizes of the surface mine overall side slope, the combined step side slope and the step side slope key structure surface, and taking corresponding prevention and treatment measures according to different landslide hazard dangers.
Further, in the step (1), the plurality of signals refer to the attributes of the signals, and include electrical signals, digital signals, optical signals, and the like.
In the step (2), the unwanted signal is noise or an unrecognizable signal.
In the step (4), the eight index calculation formulas are as follows,
①Zmap：
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
for all averaged magnitude samples over the entire time interval
Is a relatively stable quantity, characterizing the background features of the area under investigation;
averaging magnitude samples for samples in a time segment to be investigated
The arithmetic mean of (a); sigmaMAnd σmAre the standard deviations of the two samples, respectively, when Z is>2.5, also Z<2.5, all events of small probability, however of landslide hazardThe occurrence is just a small probability event, and therefore, the absolute value of Z > 2.5 is taken as an abnormal critical value;
② Activity Scale Δ F:
wherein T is the number of days and M is the microseismic level. The strong energy release theory is in direct proportion to the microseismic activity scale, namely, high value abnormity occurs before the landslide disaster occurs;
③ entropy Q of temporal informationt：
In the formula, n is the total number of the mine earthquake events with a certain time window;
titime of occurrence of ith mineral earthquake, piThe value is between 0 and 1. Theoretically, before a landslide disaster occurs, an entropy value has a descending process, and the essence is that the heterogeneity of the microseismic energy spatial distribution is increased;
④ algorithm complexity AC value:
AC＝lnn/(n·lnM)
in the formula, n is the number of changes of the energy level in a certain time window; m is Mmax-Mmin+1. Before a landslide disaster occurs, the AC value theoretically has a transition from a high value abnormity to a low value;
⑤ equivalent energy level parameter σH*
M＝lg E，
In the formula, m*The microseismic normalized energy level within a certain time window,
is m*Average normalized energy level of. Before landslide disaster occurs, the disaster existsσHHigh value anomaly;
⑥ displacement speed increase Δ S:
the displacement acceleration delta S refers to the displacement acceleration speed of the side slope, and the delta S has an obvious increase phenomenon before landslide disasters occur;
⑦ deformation ε:
the deformation epsilon refers to the deformation of a slope rock body, and the epsilon has an obvious increase phenomenon before a landslide disaster occurs;
⑧ glide force FS：
Downward force FSThe comprehensive downward sliding force of the overlying rock mass on the structural surface of the slope rock mass is obtained by superposition of dead load and dynamic load of blasting, and before a landslide disaster occurs, FSIt will be increased significantly, greater than the sliding resistance.
In the step (5), the forward direction index is: the larger the index value is, the higher the possibility of occurrence of landslide disasters is, and the negative index is: the smaller the index value is, the greater the possibility of occurrence of a landslide hazard is, and the bidirectional index is: the larger or smaller the absolute value of the index value is, the higher the possibility of occurrence of a landslide hazard is;
the method can solve the monitoring and early warning problem of the landslide hazard of the side slope of the large surface mine, and avoids the defects that the early warning criterion is extremely complex due to huge monitoring data, the early warning index accuracy is low due to unreasonable data utilization, the side slope safety factor is too low due to neglect of the influence of blasting dynamic load, and the early warning index is too much to select by workers; the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is suitable for complex open-pit mining environments and landslide disaster processes, and monitoring data can be fully utilized; the cooperativity of the mine slope landslide hazard early warning criteria of different grades is considered, so that the phenomenon that the landslide hazard is lost in the slope prevention and control process is avoided; the optical fiber channel has the advantages of large communication capacity, long transmission distance, electromagnetic interference resistance, good transmission quality, small optical fiber size, light weight, convenience in laying and transportation, abundant material sources, good environmental protection, contribution to saving of nonferrous metal copper and capability of effectively reducing the attenuation of signals; the method improves the accuracy and the scientificity of mine slope landslide disaster early warning, and provides scientific basis for mine slope disaster prevention and treatment in the open mines of universities. The method has important significance for reducing investment of large surface mine side slopes and water conservancy side slopes, reducing production cost and ensuring mining safety; meanwhile, the method is simple and convenient to operate, high in calculation efficiency and wide in application range.
Claims (5)
1. A large-scale surface mine side slope landslide hazard early warning method based on a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) arranging a multi-probe microseismic monitor, a digital photogrammetric instrument and a distributed optical fiber anchor cable monitor on the side slope of the large open-pit mine to be early warned, and monitoring microseismic, displacement, deformation and stress signals near the side slopes of all levels and key structural surfaces of the mine;
(2) transmitting the various signals in the step (1) to a signal summarizing and processing station, summarizing and preprocessing the signals, and eliminating useless signals;
(3) transmitting the preprocessed multiple signals to a multifunctional signal converter through a signal path to generate optical signals, and transmitting the optical signals to an intelligent computer through an optical fiber channel;
(4) signal identification and parameter extraction are carried out in an intelligent computer, and eight parameter indexes K are selectedi(i ═ 1,2, … 8), making up a multi-parameter index matrix, eight indices comprising ZmapValue, activity scale Δ F, time information entropy QtAlgorithm complexity AC value, equivalent energy level parameter σHDisplacement speed increasing delta S, deformation epsilon and gliding force FS；
(5) Analyzing the relation between the eight indexes and the mine slope landslide disaster according to the monitoring results of the eight indexes in the step (4), dividing the indexes into positive indexes, negative indexes and bidirectional indexes, respectively carrying out normalization processing on the indexes by using different algorithms,
in the formula, kiThe ith value in the index monitoring value sequence is obtained; k is a radical ofmaxThe maximum value of the index monitoring value sequence is obtained; k is a radical ofminIs the minimum value of the index monitoring value sequence; k'i＝|ki-kavg|；k'maxIs k'iThe maximum value of the sequence; k is a radical ofavgThe average value of the index monitoring value sequence is obtained;
(6) analyzing landslide hazard data of the mine and the large-scale surface mine under similar geological mining conditions by utilizing a statistical principle, specifically analyzing eight indexes in the step (4), calculating the ratio of the early warning correct times of each index to the landslide hazard to the total early warning correct times, determining the weight value of each index,
in the formula, RiTo refer to the weight of the ith index,
for the ith index, the correct times of early warning are given,
the number of times that the ith index should be warned correctly is the total number;
(7) constructing a fuzzy evaluation matrix, carrying out fuzzy operation and normalization processing by using the index values subjected to normalization processing and the weight values of all indexes, and fusing eight indexes into a comprehensive index FHeald；
(8) The comprehensive index F in the step (7)HealdThe numerical value is transmitted to a landslide disaster early warning instrument in real time, and the landslide disaster early warning criterion of the side slope of the surface mine is established, as follows,
(9) and (5) repeating the steps (6) to (8), establishing different surface mine side slope landslide hazard early warning criteria according to different sizes of the surface mine overall side slope, the combined step side slope and the step side slope key structure surface, and taking corresponding prevention and treatment measures according to different landslide hazard dangers.
2. The method for early warning of landslide disasters on the side slope of the large surface mine based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the plurality of signals are signal attributes, including electric signals, digital signals and optical signals.
3. The method for early warning of landslide hazard at the side slope of large surface mine based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step (2), the useless signal is noise or unrecognizable signal.
4. The method for early warning of landslide hazard on side slope of large surface mine based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step (4), eight indexes are calculated as follows,
①Zmap：
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
for all averaged magnitude samples over the entire time interval
Is a relatively stable quantity, characterizing the background features of the area under investigation;
averaging magnitude samples for samples in a time segment to be investigated
The arithmetic mean of (a); sigmaMAnd σmAre the standard deviations of the two samples, respectively, when Z is>2.5, also Z<2.5, are all small probability events,however, the occurrence of landslide disaster is also a small probability event, and therefore | Z | > 2.5 is taken as an abnormal critical value;
② Activity Scale Δ F:
in the formula, T is days, M is a microseismic energy level, and the strong energy release theory is in direct proportion to the microseismic activity scale, namely, high value abnormity occurs before landslide disasters occur;
③ entropy Q of temporal informationt：
In the formula, n is the total number of the mine earthquake events with a certain time window;
titime of occurrence of ith mineral earthquake, piThe value is between 0 and 1; theoretically, before a landslide disaster occurs, an entropy value has a descending process, and the essence is that the heterogeneity of the microseismic energy spatial distribution is increased;
④ algorithm complexity AC value:
AC＝ln n/(n·ln M)
in the formula, n is the number of changes of the energy level in a certain time window; m is Mmax-Mmin+1, there should theoretically be a transition from high value anomaly to low value of AC value before landslide hazard occurs;
⑤ equivalent energy level parameter σH*
M＝lg E，
In the formula, m*The microseismic normalized energy level within a certain time window,
is m*The mean normalized energy level of (a) is present before the occurrence of a landslide hazardHHigh value anomaly;
⑥ displacement speed increase Δ S:
the displacement acceleration delta S refers to the displacement acceleration speed of the side slope, and the delta S has an obvious increase phenomenon before landslide disasters occur;
⑦ deformation ε:
the deformation epsilon refers to the deformation of a slope rock body, and the epsilon has an obvious increase phenomenon before a landslide disaster occurs;
⑧ glide force FS：
Downward force FSThe comprehensive downward sliding force of the overlying rock mass on the structural surface of the slope rock mass is obtained by superposition of dead load and dynamic load of blasting, and before a landslide disaster occurs, FSIt will be increased significantly, greater than the sliding resistance.
5. The method for early warning of landslide hazard on side slope of large surface mine based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step (5), the forward index is: the larger the index value is, the higher the possibility of occurrence of landslide disasters is, and the negative index is: the smaller the index value is, the greater the possibility of occurrence of a landslide hazard is, and the bidirectional index is: the larger or smaller the absolute value of the index value is, the higher the possibility of occurrence of a landslide hazard is.
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