CN106407493B - A kind of rock burst grade evaluation method based on multidimensional Gauss cloud model - Google Patents
A kind of rock burst grade evaluation method based on multidimensional Gauss cloud model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of rock burst grade evaluation method based on multidimensional Gauss cloud model, first building rock burst intensity grade assessment indicator system, and rock burst is divided into multiple grades and grade scale has been determined；Then each index is sought to correspond to the Gauss cloud numerical characteristic of each rock burst grade and establish multidimensional Gauss cloud model；The great deep engineering rock burst example of multiple groups is collected extensively and establishes training sample database abundant, and the entropy weight that evaluation index concentrates each index is sought using entropy assessment combination programming technique；The measured value of each evaluation index is substituted into multidimensional Gauss cloud model, the synthesis degree of certainty for being under the jurisdiction of each rock burst grade is obtained in conjunction with corresponding weight calculation；Engineering rock burst intensity grade is finally determined according to maximum degree of certainty principle.This method can it is comprehensive, objective, accurately evaluate rock burst grade, evaluation result is objective, for deep Rock-burst in Underground Rock Engineering intensity classification predict a kind of completely new approach is provided.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to underground engineering technical fields, and in particular to a kind of rock burst grade based on multidimensional Gauss cloud model is commented
Valence method.
Background technique
Rock burst is a kind of geological disaster that deep rock mass engineering project excavates or recovery process is common, mainly in large ground pressure
Under, cause country rock internal stress field redistribution since rock mass engineering project excavates off-load, leads to the elastic strain stored in hard brittleness country rock
A kind of dynamic buckling geological disaster that can be discharged suddenly and generate explosion, loosen, remove, launching the even breakoff phenomenons such as throwing.
The generation of rock burst directly threatens the safety of operating personnel and equipment, influences project progress, or even destroy entire engineering.With buried depth
Increase or stress level raising, the rock burst of China's underground engineering is in the trend that takes place frequently.Therefore, the Accurate Prediction of rock burst is for ground
The guarantee of the safety and construction speed of lower engineering is particularly important.
In recent years, having done a large amount of research in terms of Prediction for Rock Burst both at home and abroad, researchers combine from different perspectives
Different theoretical numerical analysis methods have carried out forecasting research to rock burst.However since rock burst is a kind of extremely complex non-linear
Dynamic phenomena, genesis mechanism is complicated, has the characteristics that ambiguity and randomness.Therefore, existing analysis method is difficult to rock
Whether quick-fried generation and its earthquake intensity grade is accurately and rapidly predicted.
Summary of the invention
It is a kind of based on multidimensional Gauss cloud mould it is an object of the invention to propose in order to overcome defect existing in the prior art
The rock burst intensity grade prediction technique of type can objective, accurately and rapidly evaluate the rock burst intensity grade of deep underground engineering.
A kind of rock burst grade evaluation method based on multidimensional Gauss cloud model, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: establishing rock-burst evaluation index system and determine the grade scale of rock burst grade；
Step 2: seek in step 1 each evaluation index in assessment indicator system correspond to each rock burst grade Gauss cloud number it is special
Sign, and multidimensional Gauss cloud model is generated by positive multidimensional Gauss cloud generator；
Step 3: collecting typical deep Rock-burst in Underground Rock Engineering instance data, construct training sample database abundant, and use entropy
Quan Fa calculates each index entropy weight in training sample database, and in this, as each index in the Rock-burst in Underground Rock Engineering evaluation procedure of deep
Weight；
Step 4: the measured value of evaluation index each in engineering being substituted into multidimensional Gauss cloud model, and combines the weight of each index
Calculate the synthesis degree of certainty that engineering is under the jurisdiction of each rock burst grade；
Step 5: the rock burst intensity grade of engineering is determined according to maximum degree of certainty principle；
It include four indexs, respectively Rock Under Uniaxial Compression pressure resistance in the rock-burst evaluation index system established in the step 1
Degree and tensile strength ratio σc/σt, tangential stress and rock uniaxiality strength ratio σθ/σc, elastic deformation energy index WetIt is complete with rock
Whole property coefficient Kv；
The rock burst grade include four grades, respectively I grades, II grades, III level and IV grades, be corresponding in turn to for no rock burst,
Slight rock burst, medium rock burst and strong rock burst；
The grade scale of the rock burst grade is as shown in table 1:
1 Prediction for Rock Burst Index grading standard of table
The building of multidimensional Gauss cloud model is determined according to the grade scale of determining each evaluation index in the step 2
Expectation (the E of evaluation index prediction cloud model in each rock burst gradex1, Ex2, Ex3, Ex4), entropy (En1,En2,En3,En4) and super entropy
(He1,He2,He3,He4), it is generated by operation multidimensional forward direction Gauss cloud generator；
There are expectation, entropy and the super entropy of corresponding evaluation index prediction cloud model under each rock burst grade；
The desired calculation formula of the multidimensional Gauss cloud model are as follows:
The calculation formula of the entropy of multidimensional Gauss cloud model are as follows:
The calculation formula of the super entropy of multidimensional Gauss cloud model are as follows: He=K
In formula: Cmax and Cmin is respectively the maximum boundary value that evaluation index is corresponded in corresponding grade standard and minimum boundary
Value obtains corresponding evaluation index on the upper and lower boundary of certain corresponding grade according to Prediction for Rock Burst Index grading standard shown in table 1
Value；When evaluation index is without coboundary value in Prediction for Rock Burst Index grading standard, Cmax takes evaluation index in exampleTimes
As coboundary value；
K is the constant for reflecting water dust dispersion degree, value En0~1/3 times.
Weight calculation engineering in the step 4 in conjunction with each index is under the jurisdiction of the calculating of the synthesis degree of certainty of each rock burst grade
Formula is as follows:
Wherein, U is comprehensive degree of certainty, x (x1,x2,x3,x4) be four rock-burst evaluation index values set, x1,x2,x3,
x4Respectively correspond σc/σt、σθ/σc、WetAnd KvFour evaluation indexes, m are the evaluation index quantity in evaluation method；J is evaluation side
The subscript of evaluation index set in method；ωjFor the entropy weight of corresponding index, sought according to entropy assessment；xjFor rock-burst evaluation index
Value is given value；ExjFor desired value corresponding to evaluation index under corresponding rock burst grade, the expectation according to Gauss cloud model is public
Formula is calculated；E′njFor the normal random number of evaluation index under corresponding rock burst grade, is calculated and obtained according to entropy and super entropy.
Each rock burst grade has a comprehensive degree of certainty.
If in the step 5 according to maximum degree of certainty principle determine engineering rock burst intensity grade refer to maximum two it is comprehensive
The difference for closing degree of certainty numerical value is less than given threshold, then it is maximum comprehensive to determine that engineering rock burst grade is under the jurisdiction of in two comprehensive degree of certainties
The corresponding grade of degree of certainty.
Cloud model can it is expected E by numerical characteristicx, entropy En, super entropy HeRealize the qualitative to quantitative of uncertain concept
Conversion.Wherein it is expected ExIndicate concept in the central value in domain space；Entropy EnIt can be received by qualitativing concept in representation theory domain space
The value range of water dust；Super entropy HeIt is entropy EnEntropy, reflect the dispersion degree of water dust.
Cloud model has the advantage that 1) compared with probability theory, cloud model is examined in the uncertainty of analysis Rockburst Problem
Ambiguity is considered；2) compared with indicating ambiguity with degree of membership in fuzzy set, cloud model considers the randomness of degree of membership；3)
Uncertainty is measured using upper bound and lower bound two set under fine knowledge background with rough set, cloud model considers background
The uncertainty of knowledge.Gauss cloud is the one kind being most widely used in a variety of cloud models, and multidimensional Gauss cloud model is one-dimensional height
The popularization of this cloud model can reflect multidimensional qualitativing concept.In consideration of it, the present invention is using artificial intelligence with uncertainty thought as base
Plinth applies to multidimensional Gauss Clouds theory in rock burst generation and intensity classification prediction, while determining that each evaluation refers to using entropy assessment
Target weight proposes a kind of multidimensional Gauss cloud model of Prediction for Rock Burst.
Beneficial effect
The present invention provides a kind of rock burst grade evaluation methods based on multidimensional Gauss cloud model, first building rockburst intensity
Rock burst is divided into multiple grades and grade scale has been determined by grade assessment indicator system；Then it seeks each index and corresponds to each rock burst
The Gauss cloud numerical characteristic of grade simultaneously establishes multidimensional Gauss cloud model；The great deep engineering rock burst example of multiple groups is collected extensively to establish
Training sample database abundant, and the entropy weight that evaluation index concentrates each index is sought using entropy assessment combination programming technique；It will respectively comment
The measured value of valence index substitutes into multidimensional Gauss cloud model, and the synthesis for being under the jurisdiction of each rock burst grade is obtained in conjunction with corresponding weight calculation
Degree of certainty；Engineering rock burst intensity grade is finally determined according to maximum degree of certainty principle.This method can be comprehensive, objective, accurately
Rock burst grade is evaluated, evaluation result is objective, provides a kind of completely new approach for the prediction of deep Rock-burst in Underground Rock Engineering intensity classification.
The advantages are embodied in the following points:
(1) the present invention is based on the newest research results in terms of the Rockburst Prediction in Underground Engineering of deep, comprehensively consider the rock burst origin cause of formation
And feature, multiple influence factors are chosen as evaluation index, establish the multiple index evaluation method of rock burst intensity grade differentiation, gram
Having taken leads to the disadvantage for differentiating that result accuracy is low because single index cannot reflect rock burst pests occurrence rule very well；Entropy is applied simultaneously
Power method seeks the weight of each evaluation index, effectively prevents the influence of artificial subjective factor in weight finding process, it is ensured that this
The reliability of inventive method prediction result；
(2) present invention keeps predictive information intuitive and reliable, vividly can intuitively portray rock burst with multidimensional Gauss cloud model
Evaluation index quantitative values and qualitative rock burst intensity grade conceptual science are reasonably associated with by the ambiguity and randomness of concept
Together, and by rock burst grade, this qualitativing concept is converted to comprehensive degree of certainty, realize the conversion of qualitative and quantitative, as a result directly
It sees, is accurate, being convenient for application analysis；
(3) present invention has good inheritance, as long as obtaining 4 prediction index values of deep underground engineering, so that it may fast
Speed accurately carries out judgement prediction to rock burst grade, has certain application value in practical projects.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow diagram of the method for the invention；
Fig. 2 is positive so-called Gauss cloud generator schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
The embodiment.The present invention provides a kind of rock burst grade evaluation method based on multidimensional Gauss cloud model, as shown in Figure 1, by such as
Lower step carries out:
Step 1: establishing rock-burst evaluation index system and determine the grade scale of rock burst grade.
Comprehensively considering influences many factors that rock burst occurs, and with reference to related research result, selectes rock uniaxiality strength
With tensile strength ratio σc/σt, tangential stress and rock uniaxiality strength ratio σθ/σc, elastic deformation energy index WetIt is complete with rock
Property coefficient KvFour quantitative indices establish the assessment indicator system of rock burst grade forecast, this 4 indexs are mutually indepedent, mend each other
It fills, can be than more fully reflecting the feature of rock burst, and be easy test in laboratory or scene and obtain, it is convenient for different rock burst works
Comparative analysis research between journey example.It is special according to rock mass failure, mechanics meanwhile with reference to the research achievement of domestic and foreign scholars
Rock burst is divided into four grades by the apparent phenomenons such as sign, acoustic feature, destructive process, extent of the destruction, block size: without rock burst (I
Grade), slight rock burst (II grades), medium rock burst (III level) and strong rock burst (IV grades).
On the basis of determining that influencing rock burst occurs assessment indicator system, in conjunction with Wang Yuanhan in the " fuzzy number of Prediction for Rock Burst
Learn comprehensive evaluation method " it is related in " deep metal mine RS-TOPSIS model for predicting rock burst and its application " to Zhou Keping
Research achievement obtains the relationship of rock burst intensity grade and each evaluation index, as shown in table 1:
1 Prediction for Rock Burst Index grading standard of table
Step 2: seeking each index and correspond to the Gauss cloud numerical characteristic of each rock burst grade and establish multidimensional Gauss cloud model.
The desired calculation formula of multidimensional Gauss cloud model in the present invention are as follows:
The calculation formula of the entropy of multidimensional Gauss cloud model are as follows:
The calculation formula of the super entropy of multidimensional Gauss cloud model are as follows: He=K
In formula: Cmax and Cmin is respectively the maximum of corresponding grade standard, minimum boundary value；K is constant, can be according to change
The fuzzy threshold degree of amount is adjusted.
The multidimensional Gauss cloud model of rock burst intensity grade prediction is generated using positive multidimensional Gauss cloud generator (such as Fig. 2).
(E it is expected according to Index grading criterion calculation firstx1, Ex2, Ex3, Ex4), entropy (En1,En2,En3,En4) and super entropy (He1,He2,He3,
He4), the numerical characteristic of multidimensional Gauss cloud model is as shown in table 2.
2 multidimensional Gauss cloud model numerical characteristic of table
Then it generates with Ex(Ex1, Ex2, Ex3, Ex4) it is desired value, En(En1,En2,En3,En4) be standard deviation gaussian random
Number x (x1, x2, x3, x4), it generates with En(En1,En2,En3,En4) it is expectation, He(He1,He2,He3,He4) be standard deviation normal state with
Machine number En'(En1', En2', En3', En4')；Finally by x (x1, x2, x3, x4), expectation (Ex1, Ex2, Ex3, Ex4) and entropy (En1,
En2,En3,En4) calculate degree of certainty, calculation formula are as follows:
Then x (x1, x2, x3, x4) and U (x (x1,x2,x3,x4)) be multidimensional Gauss cloud a water dust；N is generated after iteration n times
A water dust produces multidimensional Gauss cloud model.
Step 3: collecting representative deep Rock-burst in Underground Rock Engineering example and establish training sample database abundant, using entropy
Quan Fa calculates the entropy weight of each index using programming technique, and in this, as each finger in the Rock-burst in Underground Rock Engineering evaluation procedure of deep
Mark weight.
20 groups of representative rock burst case histories (instance data is as shown in table 3) are collected into, rock burst reality is established with this
Example training sample database.
3 Rock-burst in Underground Rock Engineering of table analyzes data sample library
The specific steps of each evaluation criterion weight of rock burst are calculated using entropy assessment are as follows:
(31) j-th of index value of i-th of object in m evaluation object and n evaluation index is set as xij, construction original
Beginning evaluation index data matrix X=(xij)mxn, and data normalization processing is carried out to matrix X.
To more bigger more excellent index, i.e. profit evaluation model index, formula is normalized are as follows:
To smaller more excellent index, i.e. cost type index, formula is normalized are as follows:
(32) each evaluation index entropy e is calculated according to the data after normalizationjAnd degree of deviation dj, calculation formula are as follows:
dj=1-ej
(33) according to each evaluation index entropy ejAnd degree of deviation djCalculate the weight of each index, calculation formula are as follows:
Wj=dj/(n-Σej)
According to the basic principle of comentropy, asks the basic step of weight to work out relevant calculation program according to entropy assessment and calculate sample
The weight of each evaluation index in this, wherein in normalization data, σc/σtFor the type of being the bigger the better, calculated using profit evaluation model index public
Formula is normalized, other three factors are the smaller the better type, and cost type index calculation formula is normalized.According to above-mentioned step
Suddenly, factorization, entropy, the degree of deviation and the entropy weight that each evaluation index is calculated in input sample library data are as shown in table 4.
Each evaluation index entropy weight of table 4
Step 4: the measured value of each evaluation index being substituted into multidimensional Gauss cloud model, and combines the weight calculation in step 3
Engineering is under the jurisdiction of the synthesis degree of certainty of each rock burst grade.
The measured value of evaluation index each in case history is substituted into above-mentioned multidimensional Gauss cloud model, and each index is combined to weigh
Re-computation obtains the synthesis degree of certainty that case history is under the jurisdiction of each rock burst grade, calculation formula are as follows:
Step 5: the rock burst intensity grade of engineering is determined according to maximum degree of certainty principle.
The rock burst intensity grade that engineering is determined according to maximum degree of certainty principle calculates engineering according to above-mentioned calculating process and is subordinate to
In the synthesis degree of certainty (U of each rock burst gradeI,UII,UIII,UIV), find out maximum value Max (UI,UII,UIII,UIV), then maximum value
Corresponding grade is that engineering rock burst intensity grade determines result.If maximum two comprehensive degree of certainty numerical value relatively connect in result
Closely, i.e., | U1-U2| <b (present invention defines b=0.01), and maximum two comprehensive degree of certainties are all larger than equal to 0.1, then determining should
Engineering is under the jurisdiction of U1And U2Corresponding grade, but it is partial to the corresponding rock burst grade of biggish degree of certainty.
The certificate authenticity of the method for the present invention is carried out with rock burst case history typical in the sample database established in step 3,
Wherein the numerical characteristic of multidimensional Gauss cloud model is as shown in table 5.
5 multidimensional Gauss cloud model numerical characteristic of table
The differentiation result of differentiations result and RS-TOPSIS method using the method for the present invention and practical rock burst grade are carried out pair
Than analysis, the results are shown in Table 6.
6 rockburst intensity of table differentiates result
Note: * indicates erroneous judgement
Rock burst example in sample database, which is returned, to be sentenced as the result is shown: rock burst discrimination model of the present invention differentiates that result is all correct, table
Bright multidimensional Gauss cloud model is feasible for rockburst intensity classification prediction.Simultaneously it is found that rockburst intensity is a qualitativing concept,
It is influenced in classification process by uncertain factor, therefore application cloud numerical characteristic can turn the ambiguity of rockburst intensity and randomness
This quantitative values of degree of certainty are turned to, engineer application is as a result convenient for.The invention simultaneously has good inheritance, as long as obtaining deep
4 prediction index values of portion's underground engineering, so that it may judgement prediction be carried out to rock burst grade rapidly, accurately, in practical projects
With certain application value.
Certain iron ore stratum is more complete from upper palaeozoic to Cenozoic, and Trias distribution of strata is extensive, since the Paleozoic Era,
It experienced repeated tectonic movements, fold, fracture are relatively developed, and having apparent Inheritance activity is its feature, ore body crustal stress
Complexity is adopted deep more than 700m at present.Therefore, it is necessary to carry out Prediction for Rock Burst to it, production is ensured to take appropriate measures
Safety.
Indoors on the basis of rock mechanics experiment, live geostress survey and engineering geological survey, built using the present invention
Vertical multidimensional Gauss cloud model carries out Prediction for Rock Burst to the iron ore -510m, -550m, -580m, -600m and -650m level, differentiates
The results are shown in Table 7.
Certain the iron ore rock burst measured data of table 7 and differentiation result
From the point of view of the actual conditions at scene, rock burst initially occurs in -530m level segment, increasingly with mining depth
Greatly, the brittleness of rock is continuously increased, and Rock-burst happens occasionally, and when -600m level is arrived in exploitation, rock burst is in extensive continuous point
Cloth, and along with the sound, vibration and ejection phenomenon, threat has been had resulted in production.Compare the differentiation knot of evaluation model of the present invention
Fruit and actual conditions, prediction result and engineering are practical identical as the result is shown.It can be seen that in the present invention based on multidimensional Gauss cloud
The rockburst intensity classification prediction of model be it is feasible, can more objectively reflect the truth of Rockburst Problem, have one
Fixed practical implementation meaning.
This method has many advantages, such as to be simple and efficient, accuracy rate height, has inheritability, can effectively solve current deep underground
The ineffective problem of rock burst geological hazards prediction in Process of Engineering Construction.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to this, this field
Other embodiments that technical staff obtains according to the technique and scheme of the present invention also belong to technological innovation model of the invention
It encloses.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of rock burst grade evaluation method based on multidimensional Gauss cloud model, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: establishing rock-burst evaluation index system and determine the grade scale of rock burst grade；
Step 2: seek in step 1 that each evaluation index corresponds to the Gauss cloud numerical characteristic of each rock burst grade in assessment indicator system,
And multidimensional Gauss cloud model is generated by positive multidimensional Gauss cloud generator；
Step 3: typical deep Rock-burst in Underground Rock Engineering instance data is collected, constructs training sample database abundant, and use entropy assessment,
Each index entropy weight in training sample database is calculated, and in this, as each index weights in the Rock-burst in Underground Rock Engineering evaluation procedure of deep；
Step 4: the measured value of evaluation index each in engineering being substituted into multidimensional Gauss cloud model, and combines the weight calculation of each index
Engineering is under the jurisdiction of the synthesis degree of certainty of each rock burst grade；
Step 5: the rock burst intensity grade of engineering is determined according to maximum degree of certainty principle；
In the rock-burst evaluation index system established in the step 1 include four indexs, respectively rock uniaxiality strength with
Tensile strength ratio σc/σt, tangential stress and rock uniaxiality strength ratio σθ/σc, elastic deformation energy index WetWith rock integrality
COEFFICIENT Kv；
The rock burst grade includes four grades, and respectively I grades, II grades, III level and IV grades are corresponding in turn to for no rock burst, slightly
Rock burst, medium rock burst and strong rock burst；
The grade scale of the rock burst grade is as shown in table 1:
1 Prediction for Rock Burst Index grading standard of table
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the building of multidimensional Gauss cloud model is root in the step 2
According to the grade scale of determining each evaluation index, the expectation (E of evaluation index prediction cloud model in each rock burst grade is determinedx1, Ex2,
Ex3, Ex4), entropy (En1,En2,En3,En4) and super entropy (He1,He2,He3,He4), it is raw by operation multidimensional forward direction Gauss cloud generator
At；
The desired calculation formula of the multidimensional Gauss cloud model are as follows:
The calculation formula of the entropy of multidimensional Gauss cloud model are as follows:
The calculation formula of the super entropy of multidimensional Gauss cloud model are as follows: He=K
In formula: Cmax and Cmin is respectively the maximum boundary value and minimum boundary value that evaluation index is corresponded in corresponding grade standard,
Corresponding evaluation index is obtained in the upper and lower boundary value of certain corresponding grade according to Prediction for Rock Burst Index grading standard shown in table 1；When
When evaluation index is without coboundary value in Prediction for Rock Burst Index grading standard, Cmax takes evaluation index in exampleAgain as upper
Boundary value；
K is the constant for reflecting water dust dispersion degree, value En0~1/3 times.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, combining the weight calculation engineering of each index in the step 4
The calculation formula for being under the jurisdiction of the synthesis degree of certainty of each rock burst grade is as follows:
Wherein, U is comprehensive degree of certainty, x (x1,x2,x3,x4) be four rock-burst evaluation index values set, x1,x2,x3,x4Point
σ is not corresponded toc/σt、σθ/σc、WetAnd KvFour evaluation indexes, m are the evaluation index quantity in evaluation method；J is in evaluation method
The subscript of evaluation index set；ωjFor the entropy weight of corresponding index, sought according to entropy assessment；xjIt is taken for rock-burst evaluation index
Value is given value；ExjFor desired value corresponding to evaluation index under corresponding rock burst grade, the expectation formula of foundation Gauss cloud model
It is calculated；E′njFor the normal random number of evaluation index under corresponding rock burst grade, is calculated and obtained according to entropy and super entropy.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, determining work according to maximum degree of certainty principle in the step 5
If the rock burst intensity grade of journey refers to that the difference of maximum two comprehensive degree of certainty numerical value is less than given threshold, engineering rock burst is determined
Grade is under the jurisdiction of in two comprehensive degree of certainties the corresponding grade of maximum comprehensive degree of certainty.
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