CN106407493A - Multi-dimensional Gaussian cloud model-based rock burst grade evaluation method - Google Patents
Multi-dimensional Gaussian cloud model-based rock burst grade evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-dimensional Gaussian cloud model-based rock burst grade evaluation method. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly constructing a rock burst intensity grade evaluation index system, dividing the rock burst into a plurality of grades and determining a grading standard; solving Gaussian cloud digital features of rock burst grades corresponding to indexes and establishing a multi-dimensional Gaussian cloud model; widely collecting a plurality of groups of significant deep engineering rock burst examples to establish a rich training sample library, and solving entropy weights of indexes in an evaluation index set by adoption of an entropy weight method and a programming technology; substituting measured values of the evaluation indexes into the multi-dimensional Gaussian cloud model, and combining corresponding weight calculation to obtain a comprehensive certainty degree attached to the rock burst grades; and finally determining an engineering rock burst intensity grade according to a maximum certainty degree principle. According to the method, the rock burst grades can be comprehensively, objectively and correctly evaluated, and the evaluation result is objective; and a brand new method is provided for the grading prediction of deep underground engineering rock burst intensity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to underground engineering technical field is and in particular to a kind of rock burst grade evaluation methodology based on multidimensional Gauss cloud model.
Background technology
Rock burst is a kind of geological disaster that deep rock mass engineering project excavates or recovery process is common, mainly under large ground pressure, by
Excavate off-load in rock mass engineering project and cause country rock internal stress field redistribution, lead to the elastic strain energy of storage in hard fragility country rock to be released suddenly
A kind of dynamic buckling geological disaster put and produce explosion, get loose, peel off, launching the even breakoff phenomenon such as throwing.Rock burst send out
The raw safety directly threatening operating personnel and equipment, affects project progress, or even destroys whole engineering.Increase with buried depth or
The raising of stress level, the rock burst of China's underground engineering is in the trend that takes place frequently.Therefore, the Accurate Prediction of rock burst is for underground engineering
The guarantee of safety and construction speed is particularly important.
In the last few years, done substantial amounts of research both at home and abroad in terms of Prediction for Rock Burst, researchers combine different from different perspectives
Theoretical numerical analysis method has carried out predictive study to rock burst.It is that a kind of extremely complex nonlinear kineticses are existing yet with rock burst
As its genesis mechanism is complicated, has the characteristics that ambiguity and randomness.Therefore, existing analysis method is difficult to the generation to rock burst
Whether and its earthquake intensity grade is accurately and rapidly predicted.
Content of the invention
In order to overcome defect present in prior art, it is an object of the invention to proposing a kind of rock based on multidimensional Gauss cloud model
Quick-fried earthquake intensity grade prediction technique, being capable of rock burst intensity grade that is objective, accurately and rapidly evaluating deep underground engineering.
A kind of rock burst grade evaluation methodology based on multidimensional Gauss cloud model, comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Set up rock-burst evaluation index system and determine the grade scale of rock burst grade；
Step 2：Ask for the Gauss cloud numerical characteristic of the corresponding each rock burst grade of each evaluation index in assessment indicator system in step 1,
And multidimensional Gauss cloud model is generated by positive multidimensional Gauss cloud generator；
Step 3：Collect typical deep Rock-burst in Underground Rock Engineering instance data, build abundant training sample database, and adopt entropy assessment,
Calculate each index entropy weight in training sample database, and in this, as each index weights in the Rock-burst in Underground Rock Engineering evaluation procedure of deep；
Step 4：The measured value of evaluation index each in engineering is substituted into multidimensional Gauss cloud model, and combines the weight calculation of each index
Engineering is under the jurisdiction of the comprehensive degree of certainty of each rock burst grade；
Step 5：Judge the rock burst intensity grade of engineering according to maximum degree of certainty principle；
Comprise four indexs in the rock-burst evaluation index system set up in described step 1, respectively rock uniaxiality strength with anti-
Tensile strength compares σc/σt, tangential stress and rock uniaxiality strength compare σθ/σc, elastic deformation energy index WetWith rock integrity system
Number Kv；
Described rock burst grade includes four grades, respectively I level, II level, III level and IV level, is corresponding in turn to as no rock burst, light
Micro- rock burst, medium rock burst and strong rock burst；
The grade scale of described rock burst grade is as shown in table 1：
Table 1 Prediction for Rock Burst Index grading standard
In described step 2, the structure of multidimensional Gauss cloud model is the grade scale according to each evaluation index determining, determines each rock burst
In grade, evaluation index predicts the expectation (E of cloud modelx1, Ex2, Ex3, Ex4), entropy (En1,En2,En3,En4) and super entropy (He1,He2,
He3,He4), generated by running multidimensional forward direction Gauss cloud generator；
Corresponding evaluation index is all had to predict expectation, entropy and the super entropy of cloud model under each rock burst grade；
The desired computing formula of described multidimensional Gauss cloud model is：
The computing formula of the entropy of multidimensional Gauss cloud model is：
The computing formula of the super entropy of multidimensional Gauss cloud model is：He=K
In formula：Cmax and Cmin is respectively the maximum boundary value of corresponding evaluation index and minimum boundary value in corresponding grade standard,
Obtain the upper and lower boundary value in certain grade corresponding for the corresponding evaluation index according to the Prediction for Rock Burst Index grading standard shown in table 1；When
In Prediction for Rock Burst Index grading standard evaluation index no coboundary value when, evaluation index in Cmax treating excess syndrome exampleAgain as top
Boundary's value；
K is the constant of reflection water dust dispersion degree, and value is En0～1/3 times.
In described step 4, the weight calculation engineering with reference to each index is under the jurisdiction of the computing formula of the comprehensive degree of certainty of each rock burst grade such as
Under：
Wherein, U is comprehensive degree of certainty, x (x1,x2,x3,x4) be four rock-burst evaluation index values set, x1,x2,x3,x4Point
Dui Ying not σc/σt、σθ/σc、WetAnd KvFour evaluation indexes, m is the evaluation index quantity in evaluation methodology；J is evaluation methodology
The subscript of middle evaluation index set；ωjFor the entropy weight of corresponding index, asked for according to entropy assessment；xjTake for rock-burst evaluation index
Value, is given value；ExjExpected value corresponding to evaluation index under corresponding rock burst grade, according to the expectation formula of Gauss cloud model
It is calculated；E′njFor the normal random number of evaluation index under corresponding rock burst grade, calculated according to entropy and super entropy and obtain.
Each rock burst grade all has a comprehensive degree of certainty.
If refer to two comprehensive determinations of maximum in described step 5 according to the rock burst intensity grade that maximum degree of certainty principle judges engineering
The difference of number of degrees value is less than given threshold, then judge that engineering rock burst grade is under the jurisdiction of maximum synthesis degree of certainty pair in two comprehensive degree of certainties
The grade answered.
Cloud model can expect E by numerical characteristicx, entropy En, super entropy HeRealize the turning of qualitative to quantitative of uncertain concept
Change.Wherein expect ExRepresent the central value in domain space for the concept；Entropy EnCan be accepted by qualitativing concept in representation theory domain space
The span of water dust；Super entropy HeIt is entropy EnEntropy, reflect the dispersion degree of water dust.
Cloud model has the advantage that in the uncertainty of analysis Rockburst Problem：1) compared with theory of probability, cloud model considers mould
Paste property；2) compared with representing ambiguity with degree of membership in fuzzy set, cloud model considers the randomness of degree of membership；3) with thick
Rough collection measures uncertainty using two set of the upper bound and lower bound under fine knowledge background, and cloud model considers background knowledge
Uncertain.Gauss cloud is the one kind being most widely used in multiple cloud models, and multidimensional Gauss cloud model is one-dimensional Gauss cloud model
Popularization, multidimensional qualitativing concept can be reflected.In consideration of it, the present invention is based on artificial intelligence with uncertainty thought, by multidimensional
Gauss Clouds theory applies in rock burst generation and intensity classification prediction, determines the weight of each evaluation index simultaneously using entropy assessment, carries
Go out a kind of multidimensional Gauss cloud model of Prediction for Rock Burst.
Beneficial effect
The invention provides a kind of rock burst grade evaluation methodology based on multidimensional Gauss cloud model, build rock burst intensity grade first and comment
Valency index system, rock burst is divided into multiple grades and determines grade scale；Then ask for the height of the corresponding each rock burst grade of each index
This cloud numerical characteristic simultaneously sets up multidimensional Gauss cloud model；Extensively collect multigroup great deep engineering rock burst example and set up abundant training
Sample Storehouse, and the entropy weight that evaluation index concentrates each index is asked for reference to programming technique using entropy assessment；Actual measurement by each evaluation index
Value substitutes into multidimensional Gauss cloud model, obtains the comprehensive degree of certainty being under the jurisdiction of each rock burst grade in conjunction with corresponding weight calculation；Last root
Determine engineering rock burst intensity grade according to maximum degree of certainty principle.The method can comprehensive, objective, exactly evaluate rock burst grade,
Evaluation result is objective, and predicting for deep Rock-burst in Underground Rock Engineering intensity classification provides a kind of completely new approach.
Its advantage be embodied in following some：
(1) newest research results based on deep Rockburst Prediction in Underground Engineering aspect for the present invention, consider the rock burst origin cause of formation and feature,
Choose multiple influence factors as evaluation index, establish the multiple index evaluation method of rock burst intensity grade differentiation, overcome because of list
One index can not reflect that rock burst pests occurrence rule leads to differentiate the shortcoming that result accuracy is low very well；Application entropy assessment is asked for respectively simultaneously
The weight of evaluation index, effectively prevent the impact of artificial subjective factor during weight is asked for it is ensured that the inventive method is predicted
The reliability of result；
(2) present invention makes information of forecasting intuitive and reliable, vividly can intuitively portray rock burst concept with multidimensional Gauss cloud model
Ambiguity and randomness, evaluation index quantitative values are reasonably associated together with qualitative rock burst intensity grade conceptual science,
And this qualitativing concept of rock burst grade is converted to comprehensive degree of certainty it is achieved that the conversion of qualitative and quantitative, visual result, accurately,
It is easy to application analysis；
(3) present invention has good inheritance, if obtain deep underground engineering 4 prediction index values so that it may rapid,
Accurately rock burst grade is carried out judging prediction, there is in Practical Project certain application value.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the method for the invention；
Fig. 2 is positive so-called Gauss cloud generator schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings technical solution of the present invention is described in detail, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to described reality
Apply example.The present invention provides a kind of rock burst grade evaluation methodology based on multidimensional Gauss cloud model, as shown in figure 1, as follows
Carry out：
Step 1：Set up rock-burst evaluation index system and determine the grade scale of rock burst grade.
Consider the many factors that impact rock burst occurs, with reference to correlational study achievement, selected rock uniaxiality strength and tension
Strength ratio σc/σt, tangential stress and rock uniaxiality strength compare σθ/σc, elastic deformation energy index WetWith rock integrity factor
KvFour quantitative indices set up the assessment indicator system of rock burst grade forecast, and 4 indexs are separate for this, complement one another, can
The ratio feature more fully reflecting rock burst, and at laboratory or scene, easily test obtains, and is easy between different rock burst case histories
Comparative analysiss research.Meanwhile, with reference to the achievement in research of Chinese scholars, according to rock mass failure, mechanical characteristics, acoustics
Rock burst is divided into four grades by the apparent phenomenon such as feature, destructive process, destructiveness, block size：No rock burst (I level),
Slight rock burst (II level), medium rock burst (III level) and strong rock burst (IV level).
On the basis of determining that impact rock burst occurs assessment indicator system, exist in conjunction with Wang Yuanhan《The fuzzy mathematics of Prediction for Rock Burst is comprehensive
Evaluation method》Exist with Zhou Keping《Deep metal mine RS-TOPSIS model for predicting rock burst and its application》In correlational study become
Really, rock burst intensity grade and the relation of each evaluation index are obtained, as shown in table 1：
Table 1 Prediction for Rock Burst Index grading standard
Step 2：Ask for the Gauss cloud numerical characteristic of the corresponding each rock burst grade of each index and set up multidimensional Gauss cloud model.
In the present invention, the desired computing formula of multidimensional Gauss cloud model is：
The computing formula of the entropy of multidimensional Gauss cloud model is：
The computing formula of the super entropy of multidimensional Gauss cloud model is：He=K
In formula：Cmax and Cmin is respectively the maximum of corresponding grade standard, minimum boundary value；K is constant, can be according to variable
Fuzzy threshold degree is adjusted.
Generate the multidimensional Gauss cloud model of rock burst intensity grade prediction using positive multidimensional Gauss cloud generator (as Fig. 2).First
(E is expected according to Index grading criterion calculationx1, Ex2, Ex3, Ex4), entropy (En1,En2,En3,En4) and super entropy (He1,He2,He3,He4),
The numerical characteristic of multidimensional Gauss cloud model is as shown in table 2.
Table 2 multidimensional Gauss cloud model numerical characteristic
Then generate with Ex(Ex1, Ex2, Ex3, Ex4) it is expected value, En(En1,En2,En3,En4) for standard deviation Gauss number x
(x1, x2, x3, x4), generate with En(En1,En2,En3,En4) for expecting, He(He1,He2,He3,He4) for standard deviation normal state with
Machine number En'(En1', En2', En3', En4')；Finally by x (x1, x2, x3, x4), expectation (Ex1, Ex2, Ex3, Ex4) and entropy (En1,En2,En3,
En4) calculating degree of certainty, computing formula is：
Then x (x1, x2, x3, x4) and U (x (x1,x2,x3,x4)) for multidimensional Gauss cloud a water dust；N is produced after iteration n times
Individual water dust, you can generate multidimensional Gauss cloud model.
Step 3：Collect representative deep Rock-burst in Underground Rock Engineering example and set up abundant training sample database, using entropy assessment,
Calculate the entropy weight of each index using programming technique, and in this, as each index weights in the Rock-burst in Underground Rock Engineering evaluation procedure of deep.
Collect 20 groups of representative rock burst case histories (instance data is as shown in table 3), rock burst example instruction is set up with this
Practice Sample Storehouse.
Table 3 Rock-burst in Underground Rock Engineering analytical data Sample Storehouse
Concretely comprising the following steps of each evaluation criterion weight of rock burst is calculated using entropy assessment：
(31) set j-th index value of i-th object in m evaluation object and n evaluation index as xij, construct former
Beginning evaluation index data matrix X=(xij)mxn, and data normalization process is carried out to matrix X.
To more big more excellent index, i.e. profit evaluation model index, normalization formula is：
To more little more excellent index, i.e. cost type index, normalization formula is：
(32) each evaluation index entropy e is calculated according to the data after normalizationjAnd degree of deviation dj, computing formula is：
dj=1-ej
(33) according to each evaluation index entropy ejAnd degree of deviation djCalculate the weight of each index, computing formula is：
Wj=dj/(n-Σej)
According to the ultimate principle of comentropy, correlation computations program is worked out according to the basic step that entropy assessment seeks weight and calculates in sample respectively
The weight of evaluation index, wherein in normalization data, σc/σtFor the type of being the bigger the better, carried out using profit evaluation model index computing formula
Normalization, other three factors are the smaller the better type, and cost type index computing formula is normalized.According to above-mentioned steps, work out
Calculation procedure, entropy, the degree of deviation and entropy weight that input sample database data is calculated each evaluation index are as shown in table 4.
The each evaluation index entropy weight of table 4
Step 4：The measured value of each evaluation index is substituted into multidimensional Gauss cloud model, and combines the weight calculation engineering in step 3
It is under the jurisdiction of the comprehensive degree of certainty of each rock burst grade.
The measured value of evaluation index each in case history is substituted in above-mentioned multidimensional Gauss cloud model, and combines each index weights and calculate
Obtain the comprehensive degree of certainty that case history is under the jurisdiction of each rock burst grade, computing formula is：
Step 5：Judge the rock burst intensity grade of engineering according to maximum degree of certainty principle.
Judge the rock burst intensity grade of engineering according to maximum degree of certainty principle, be under the jurisdiction of each rock according to above-mentioned calculating process computational engineering
Comprehensive degree of certainty (the U of quick-fried gradeI,UII,UIII,UIV), obtain maximum Max (UI,UII,UIII,UIV), then maximum is corresponding etc.
Level is engineering rock burst intensity grade result of determination.If in result, maximum two comprehensive degree of certainty numerical value are relatively, that is,
|U1-U2|<B (present invention define b=0.01), and two comprehensive degree of certainties of maximum are all higher than equal to 0.1, then judge that this engineering is subordinate to
Belong to U1And U2Corresponding grade, but it is partial to larger degree of certainty corresponding rock burst grade.
Carry out the certificate authenticity of the inventive method with rock burst case history typical in the Sample Storehouse set up in step 3, wherein many
The numerical characteristic of dimension Gauss cloud model is as shown in table 5.
Table 5 multidimensional Gauss cloud model numerical characteristic
Being analyzed with the differentiation result of RS-TOPSIS method and actual rock burst grade using the differentiation result of the inventive method,
Result is as shown in table 6.
Table 6 rockburst intensity differentiates result
Note：* represent erroneous judgement
Rock burst example in Sample Storehouse returns to be sentenced result and shows：Rock burst discrimination model of the present invention differentiates that result is all correct, shows multidimensional
Gauss cloud model is feasible for rockburst intensity classification prediction.Understand, rockburst intensity is a qualitativing concept, in classification simultaneously
During affected by uncertain factor, therefore application cloud numerical characteristic the ambiguity of rockburst intensity and randomness can be converted into determination
Spend this quantitative values, result is easy to engineer applied.This invention has good inheritance simultaneously, as long as obtaining deep underground work
4 prediction index values of journey, so that it may rapid, accurate carry out to rock burst grade judging prediction, have certain in Practical Project
Application value.
Certain iron mine stratum is more complete to Cenozoic from upper palaeozoic, and Trias distribution of strata extensively, since the Paleozoic Era, has experienced
Repeated tectonic movements, fold, fracture are all relatively developed, and to have obvious Inheritance activity be its feature, and ore body crustal stress is complicated,
Adopt at present deeply more than 700m.Therefore, it is necessary to Prediction for Rock Burst is carried out to it, with the guarantee production safety that takes appropriate measures.
Indoors on the basis of rock mechanics experiment, live geostress survey and engineering geological survey, it is many that the application present invention sets up
Dimension Gauss cloud model carries out Prediction for Rock Burst to this iron mine -510m, -550m, -580m, -600m and -650m level, differentiates result
As shown in table 7.
Certain iron mine rock burst measured data of table 7 and differentiation result
From the point of view of live practical situation, rock burst initially occurs in -530m level segment, rock increasing with mining depth
The fragility of stone is continuously increased, and Rock-burst happens occasionally, and when exploitation is to -600m level, rock burst is in extensive continuous distribution,
And along with the sound, vibration and ejection phenomenon, production has been had resulted in threat.Contrast evaluation model of the present invention differentiation result and
Practical situation, result shows coincide actual with engineering that predict the outcome.As can be seen here, in the present invention based on multidimensional Gauss cloud model
Rockburst intensity classification prediction be feasible, can more objectively reflect the truth of Rockburst Problem, there is certain work
Journey practical application meaning.
The method has the advantages that simply efficient, accuracy rate is high, has inheritability, can effectively solving current deep underground engineering
The problem of rock burst geological hazards prediction effect on driving birds is not good in process of construction.
The above, the only present invention preferably specific embodiment, protection scope of the present invention not limited to this, art technology
Other embodiments that personnel's technology according to the present invention scheme draws, also belong to the technological innovation scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of rock burst grade evaluation methodology based on multidimensional Gauss cloud model is it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step 1：Set up rock-burst evaluation index system and determine the grade scale of rock burst grade；
Step 2：Ask for the Gauss cloud numerical characteristic of the corresponding each rock burst grade of each evaluation index in assessment indicator system in step 1,
And multidimensional Gauss cloud model is generated by positive multidimensional Gauss cloud generator；
Step 3：Collect typical deep Rock-burst in Underground Rock Engineering instance data, build abundant training sample database, and adopt entropy assessment,
Calculate each index entropy weight in training sample database, and in this, as each index weights in the Rock-burst in Underground Rock Engineering evaluation procedure of deep；
Step 4：The measured value of evaluation index each in engineering is substituted into multidimensional Gauss cloud model, and combines the weight calculation of each index
Engineering is under the jurisdiction of the comprehensive degree of certainty of each rock burst grade；
Step 5：Judge the rock burst intensity grade of engineering according to maximum degree of certainty principle；
Comprise four indexs in the rock-burst evaluation index system set up in described step 1, respectively rock uniaxiality strength with anti-
Tensile strength compares σc/σt, tangential stress and rock uniaxiality strength compare σθ/σc, elastic deformation energy index WetWith rock integrity system
Number Kv；
Described rock burst grade includes four grades, respectively I level, II level, III level and IV level, is corresponding in turn to as no rock burst, light
Micro- rock burst, medium rock burst and strong rock burst；
The grade scale of described rock burst grade is as shown in table 1：
Table 1 Prediction for Rock Burst Index grading standard
2. method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that in described step 2 structure of multidimensional Gauss cloud model be root
According to the grade scale of each evaluation index determining, determine the expectation (E of evaluation index prediction cloud model in each rock burst gradex1, Ex2,
Ex3, Ex4), entropy (En1,En2,En3,En4) and super entropy (He1,He2,He3,He4), by running multidimensional forward direction Gauss cloud generator life
Become；
The desired computing formula of described multidimensional Gauss cloud model is：
The computing formula of the entropy of multidimensional Gauss cloud model is：
The computing formula of the super entropy of multidimensional Gauss cloud model is：He=K
In formula：Cmax and Cmin is respectively the maximum boundary value of corresponding evaluation index and minimum boundary value in corresponding grade standard,
Obtain the upper and lower boundary value in certain grade corresponding for the corresponding evaluation index according to the Prediction for Rock Burst Index grading standard shown in table 1；When
In Prediction for Rock Burst Index grading standard evaluation index no coboundary value when, evaluation index in Cmax treating excess syndrome exampleAgain as top
Boundary's value；
K is the constant of reflection water dust dispersion degree, and value is En0～1/3 times.
3. method according to claim 2 is it is characterised in that combine the weight calculation engineering of each index in described step 4
The computing formula being under the jurisdiction of the comprehensive degree of certainty of each rock burst grade is as follows：
Wherein, U is comprehensive degree of certainty, x (x1,x2,x3,x4) be four rock-burst evaluation index values set, x1,x2,x3,x4Point
Dui Ying not σc/σt、σθ/σc、WetAnd KvFour evaluation indexes, m is the evaluation index quantity in evaluation methodology；J is evaluation methodology
The subscript of middle evaluation index set；ωjFor the entropy weight of corresponding index, asked for according to entropy assessment；xjTake for rock-burst evaluation index
Value, is given value；ExjExpected value corresponding to evaluation index under corresponding rock burst grade, according to the expectation formula of Gauss cloud model
It is calculated；E′njFor the normal random number of evaluation index under corresponding rock burst grade, calculated according to entropy and super entropy and obtain.
4. method according to claim 3 is it is characterised in that judge work according to maximum degree of certainty principle in described step 5
If the rock burst intensity grade of journey refers to that the difference of two comprehensive degree of certainty numerical value of maximum is less than given threshold, judge engineering rock burst etc.
Level is under the jurisdiction of the maximum synthesis corresponding grade of degree of certainty in two comprehensive degree of certainties.
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