CN114404544A - 一种治疗心理疾病的中药沙盘及其制备和应用 - Google Patents
一种治疗心理疾病的中药沙盘及其制备和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗心理疾病的中药沙盘及其制备、应用方法，属于医药技术领域，其制备包括如下步骤：(1)原料称取：称取相应重量的苍术8～12g、石菖蒲8～12g、藁本8～12g、甘松8～12g、丁香8～12g、木香8～12g、香橼8～12g、佛手18～12g、藿香8～12g、佩兰8～12g、豆蔻8～12g、白芷8～12g、苏合香8～12g备用；(2)沙盘制备：将步骤(1)中称取的各原料打粉掺杂到沙中即可。本申请提供了一种治疗心理疾病的中药沙盘及其制备和应用，将中药按照合适的比例打粉之后掺杂到沙中，可以用于治疗患者的各类心理疾病，并且克服了心理治疗、西药治疗、中药治疗所存在的问题，效果显著。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域，具体涉及一种治疗心理疾病的中药沙盘及其制备和应用。
背景技术
心理疾病是由于内、外致病因素作用于人而造成脑功能障碍，从而破坏了人脑功能的完整性和个体与外部环境的统一性所致。精神病的基本症状是精神活动紊乱，导致认识、情感、意志、行为等方面的异常，以致不能维持正常精神生活，甚至作出危害自身和社会集体的行为。思想政治工作的对象是活着的人，在人群中绝大多数都是精神正常的，但也有少数精神异常或患有精神疾病的人。这就要求思想政治工作干部不仅要了解和掌握人的正常心理(精神)活动规律，而且还应当了解有关心理疾病的一些常识，知道什么是精神障碍，心理疾病的主要症状是什么。某些心理疾病主要表现在心理上的问题，到严重的时候会出现行为异常的表现。
人们生活习惯的改变，工作节奏的加快，环境污染的增多，竞争意识的增强和各种社会矛盾冲突的加剧等，导致人们心理因素变化加剧，乃至发生心理疾病日渐增多。据统计，综合医院各科心理疾病占病人总数的25-35％。在发达国家心理疾病的发病率占疾病谱的80％。心理疾病学术上大致可分为以下几类：可根据不同的标准或其严重程度分类，可分为感觉障碍、知觉障碍、注意障碍、记忆障碍、思维障碍、情感障碍、意志障碍、行为障碍、意识障碍、智力障碍、人格障碍等。
心理治疗：①消除心理社会刺激因素，改变患者的认知方式，减轻焦虑、抑郁等情绪反应；②消除心理学病因，矫正患者的人格特征、行为类型，以及患者的生活习惯和工作环境等，提高心理防御能力；③帮助患者认识和消除心理致病因素，逆转患者的心理病理过程，对所患疾病和所用药物进行科学、合理、通俗易懂的解释，打消患者的担忧和顾虑；④辅以各种心理训练治疗。如沙盘游戏疗法等。心理治疗的优点包括：①对心理疾病前状态或轻度心理疾病患者效果较好；②不会产生躯体不良反应。缺点包括：①疗效不确切；②对心理治疗师要求较高；③疗程长；④治疗费用高。
西药治疗：选用抗焦虑、抗抑郁的药物。常用的药物有：三、四环类，苯二氮卓类，五羟色胺再摄取抑制剂，选择性5-羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂，多巴胺再摄取抑制剂，去甲肾上腺素能和特异性5-羟色胺能抗抑郁药等几大类。可供选择的药物有：氟哌噻吨美利曲辛、坦度螺酮、氟西汀、舍曲林和西酞普兰、帕罗西汀、曲唑酮、氟伏沙明、度洛西汀、文拉法辛、米氮平、舒必利等。西药治疗的优点包括：①对于中、重度心理疾病患者效果较好；②起效较快，病情不易反复；③可在家服用，定期随诊即可。缺点包括：①长期服用会造成药物依赖性；②具有药物毒性，产生蓄积中毒；③记忆力减退和呼吸抑制；④治疗心理疾病的药物有可能在早期有使病情加重的情况发生。
中药治疗：在针对原发病的中医辨病辩证外，加用调理“百合病”、“郁证”、“梅核气”、“脏燥”、“癫狂证”和“呆病”等的治疗。主要证候包括“气滞”、“气虚”、“内火”、“痰”和“阴虚”等。主要方药包括：肝气郁结——柴胡疏肝散，气郁化火——丹栀逍遥散合左金丸，气滞痰瘀——半夏厚朴汤，心神惑乱——甘麦大枣汤，心脾两虚——归脾汤，阴虚火旺——滋水清肝饮，常用中药包括：柴胡、白芍、山栀、丹皮、香附、川芎、合欢花、夜交藤、百合、淮小麦、朱砂和磁石等。中药治疗的优点包括：①副作用小；②药效持续时间长；③不易成瘾；④可随患者症状增减药味。缺点包括：①味苦，大众接受度不佳；②煎煮时间长；③尚未形成固定组方。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有的问题，提供了一种治疗心理疾病的中药沙盘及其制备和应用。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种治疗心理疾病的中药沙盘的制备，包括如下步骤：
(1)原料称取：
称取相应重量的苍术8～12g、石菖蒲8～12g、藁本8～12g、甘松8～12g、丁香8～12g、木香8～12g、香橼8～12g、佛手18～12g、藿香8～12g、佩兰8～12g、豆蔻8～12g、白芷8～12g、苏合香8～12g备用；
(2)沙盘制备：
将步骤(1)中称取的各原料打粉掺杂到沙中即可。
一种治疗心理疾病的中药沙盘的应用，所述中药沙盘具体在治疗心里疾病中的应用。
进一步地，所述心里疾病包括：慢性应激、原发性失眠、广泛焦虑症、抑郁症。
本发明相比现有技术具有以下优点：
本申请提供了一种治疗心理疾病的中药沙盘及其制备和应用，将中药按照合适的比例打粉之后掺杂到沙中，可以用于治疗患者的各类心理疾病，并且克服了心理治疗、西药治疗、中药治疗所存在的问题，效果显著。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
一种治疗心理疾病的中药沙盘的制备，包括如下步骤：
(1)原料称取：
称取相应重量的苍术8～12g、石菖蒲8～12g、藁本8～12g、甘松8～12g、丁香8～12g、木香8～12g、香橼8～12g、佛手18～12g、藿香8～12g、佩兰8～12g、豆蔻8～12g、白芷8～12g、苏合香8～12g备用；
(2)沙盘制备：
将步骤(1)中称取的各原料打粉掺杂到沙中即可。
实施例2：
一种治疗心理疾病的中药沙盘的制备，包括如下步骤：
(1)原料称取：
称取相应重量的苍术8～12g、石菖蒲8～12g、藁本8～12g、甘松8～12g、丁香8～12g、木香8～12g、香橼8～12g、佛手18～12g、藿香8～12g、佩兰8～12g、豆蔻8～12g、白芷8～12g、苏合香8～12g备用；
(2)沙盘制备：
将步骤(1)中称取的各原料打粉掺杂到沙中即可。
实施例3：
一种治疗心理疾病的中药沙盘的制备，包括如下步骤：
(1)原料称取：
称取相应重量的苍术8～12g、石菖蒲8～12g、藁本8～12g、甘松8～12g、丁香8～12g、木香8～12g、香橼8～12g、佛手18～12g、藿香8～12g、佩兰8～12g、豆蔻8～12g、白芷8～12g、苏合香8～12g备用；
(2)沙盘制备：
将步骤(1)中称取的各原料打粉掺杂到沙中即可。
为了验证本申请中药沙盘的作用效果，进行了如下实验：
一、中药沙盘对慢性应激大鼠的作用
(1)大鼠慢性应激模型建立
选择行为学评分相近的SD大鼠，随机分为5组，每组8只。模型组大鼠接受28d不同应激，每日蒸馏水灌胃；治疗组放置入中药沙盘治疗；西药组给予氟西汀(20mg/kg)；空白对照组大鼠不受任何刺激，每日蒸馏水灌胃，连续28d。除空白对照组，其余组给予每日不同应激。
(2)实验方法
1)强迫游泳实验
各组大鼠在慢性应激结束的d2进行强迫游泳实验。大鼠置于40cm、水温25℃的玻璃圆圆筒，观察6min，比较各组大鼠在后4min内的累计不动时间。
2)开野实验
慢性应激实验结束的d2测定大鼠行为学。比较各组大鼠在5min内自发活动的差异，观察指标包括：水平穿越格子次数；直立次数；体重变化等。
3)糖水消耗实验
在慢性应激结束的d2，禁食、禁水24h，给予1％蔗糖水溶液，24h后进行糖水消耗量测定。
(3)实验结果
与空白对照组相比，应激组大鼠自发活动能力明显降低，穿格次数、直立次数明显减少，而中药沙盘治疗组与应激组相比则次数明显增加，与西药组无明显统计学差异，与应激组有统计学差异。
经过长期应激后，大鼠体重增长缓慢，而中药沙盘组可显著提高慢性应激大鼠的体重增加量。与空白对照组相比，西药组也使大鼠体重降低，可见长期给予西药可能具有胃肠道毒副作用。在强迫游泳不动时间的实验中，中药沙盘组明显间断抑郁大鼠的不动时间，改善大鼠的绝望行为。
在糖水偏爱实验中，中药沙盘组显著增加慢性抑郁大鼠的糖水偏爱，而西药组连续给予28d亦可明显升高大鼠的糖水偏爱，中药沙盘组和西药组的症状改善结果无明显统计学差异。
二、中药沙盘在原发性失眠中的应用
纳入原发性失眠，且符合《中国精神障碍分类及诊断标准》中：(1)以睡眠障碍为主诉，包括入睡困难，睡眠不深，间断早醒，醒后难以再次入睡，或早醒，多梦，甚至彻夜难眠；(2)上述睡眠障碍每周至少发生3次，且持续时间在1个月以上者；(3)因睡眠不足白天出现精神疲乏不振、记忆力下降等症状，导致工作学习效率下降，影响正常的社会功能；(4)排除躯体疾患或者精神疾患所致的继发性失眠的患者58例，采用自身前后对照研究。观察周期为28天，分别于治疗第14天和第28天进行随访，观察中药沙盘治疗前后变化。嘱患者保持心情舒畅。对患者进行卫生教育，培养良好睡眠习惯。
使用中药沙盘治疗原发性失眠患者，治疗28天后达临床治愈12例，占20.69％，显效19例，占32.76％，有效24例，占41.38％，无效3例，占5.17％，总有效率94.83％。
三、中药沙盘在广泛焦虑症中的应用
根据简单、随机、平行对照的原则，将符合《中国精神障碍分类及诊断标准》中：(1)以持续的原发性焦虑症状为主，并符合1.经常或持续的无明确对象和固定内容的自觉难以控制的恐惧或提心吊胆，2.植物神经功能紊乱或运动不安；(2)患者社会功能受损，因难以忍受又无法解脱而感到痛苦；(3)符合上述症状标准至少已6个月；(4)排除躯体疾病继发性焦虑排除药物戒断反应，其他精神疾病继发性焦虑的病例48例分为治疗组和对照组，以汉密尔顿焦虑量表及自拟中医症候量表为标准，评定患者治疗前后症情变化，并与西药治疗组对比临床疗效差异。治疗组采用中医沙盘治疗，和西药组疗程均为4周。
中药沙盘治疗组，痊愈2例，显著好转16例，好转4例，无效2例，总有效率91.67％。西药对照组，痊愈1例，显著好转8例，好转11例，无效4例，总有效率83.33％。
四、中药沙盘在抑郁症中的应用
将符合《中国精神障碍分类及诊断标准》中：(1)以心境低落为主，并至少有下列4项，1.兴趣丧失，无愉快感，2.精力减退或疲乏感，3.精神运动性迟滞或激越，4.自我评价过低、自责，或有内疚感，5.联想困难或自觉思考能力下降，6.反复出现想死的念头或有自杀、自伤行为，7.睡眠障碍，如失眠、早醒，或睡眠过多，8.食欲降低或体重明显减轻，9.性欲减退，10.严重标准社会功能受损，给本人造成痛苦或不良后果；(2)符合症状标准和严重标准至少己持续2周；(3)可存在某些分裂性症状，但不符合分裂性的诊断。若同时符合分裂性的症状标准，在分裂症状缓解后，满足抑郁发作标准至少2周的44例抑郁症患者采用简单随机法分为2组，对照组为西药治疗22例，治疗组为中药沙盘治疗22例。2组疗程均为1个月。治疗前后以汉密尔顿抑郁量表及中医临床症状积分表观察疗效。
治疗组痊愈2例，显效5例，有效11例，无效4例，总有效率为81.82％，对照组痊愈3例，显效4例，有效10例，无效5例，总有效率为77.27％。
Claims (4)
1.一种治疗心理疾病的中药沙盘的制备，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)原料称取：
称取相应重量的苍术8～12g、石菖蒲8～12g、藁本8～12g、甘松8～12g、丁香8～12g、木香8～12g、香橼8～12g、佛手18～12g、藿香8～12g、佩兰8～12g、豆蔻8～12g、白芷8～12g、苏合香8～12g备用；
(2)沙盘制备：
将步骤(1)中称取的各原料打粉掺杂到沙中即可。
2.一种治疗心理疾病的中药沙盘，其特征在于，按照权利要求1的方法制备而成。
3.一种治疗心理疾病的中药沙盘的应用，其特征在于，所述中药沙盘具体在治疗心里疾病中的应用。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种治疗心理疾病的中药沙盘的应用，其特征在于，所述心里疾病包括：慢性应激、原发性失眠、广泛焦虑症、抑郁症。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011140608A1 (en) * | 2010-05-14 | 2011-11-17 | Keating Charlotte L | Neuropsychopharmacological treatment regimes for treating psychological disorders |
| CN110123963A (zh) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-08-16 | 江苏省中医院 | 一种中药沙盘及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN113082136A (zh) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-07-09 | 李建军 | 一种用于治疗认知障碍的中药沙盘及其制备方法 |
| CN113117211A (zh) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-07-16 | 李建军 | 一种用于治疗心理疾病的中药沙盘及其制备方法 |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011140608A1 (en) * | 2010-05-14 | 2011-11-17 | Keating Charlotte L | Neuropsychopharmacological treatment regimes for treating psychological disorders |
| CN110123963A (zh) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-08-16 | 江苏省中医院 | 一种中药沙盘及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN113082136A (zh) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-07-09 | 李建军 | 一种用于治疗认知障碍的中药沙盘及其制备方法 |
| CN113117211A (zh) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-07-16 | 李建军 | 一种用于治疗心理疾病的中药沙盘及其制备方法 |
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