CN114404358A - 一种用于治疗骨肉瘤的新型可注射载药水凝胶的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于治疗骨肉瘤的新型可注射载药水凝胶的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种用于治疗骨肉瘤的新型可注射载药水凝胶的制备方法。采用修饰后的天然高分子透明质酸钠与含有氨基的高分子聚合物及盐酸阿霉素进行反应制备可注射水凝胶,具有良好的生物相容性和可降解性,能够大量包载化疗药物阿霉素,并在骨肉瘤的肿瘤部位局部响应性缓慢缓释,从而避免全身的毒性。是一种用于骨肉瘤治疗的新型可注射载药水凝胶材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料技术领域,具体涉及一种新型可注射载药水凝胶的制备方法及其在治疗骨肉瘤方面的应用。
背景技术
骨肉瘤是原发于骨组织的最常见的恶性肿瘤。它可发生于骨的内部也可发生在骨的表面。其特点是恶性肿瘤细胞能直接生成肿瘤类骨组织,因此过去临床上也称为成骨肉瘤。骨肉瘤是儿童和青年最常见的原发性骨恶性肿瘤,男性多于女性。约有半数发生在股骨远端和胫骨近端,其次为肱骨上端,其他如脊柱、肋骨等亦可发生。尽管在20世纪70年代和80年代取得了重大进展,但几十年来治疗方法和结果都没有改变。骨肉瘤是一种典型的伴有恶性细胞产生类骨的高级别梭形肿瘤。骨肉瘤预后差,死亡率高,伴随着肿瘤样骨基质的产生,严重威胁患者的生命。目前,骨肉瘤的临床标准化治疗方案包括手术联合新辅助化疗。然而,由于骨的解剖结构复杂,神经血管重要,在外科手术中很难完全切除骨肿瘤。此外,化疗药物令人失望的药代动力学和全身毒性是一个需要解决的问题。事实上,非转移性骨肉瘤的5年生存率只有60%左右,约30%的患者在标准治疗后仍患有远处转移。
与传统的肿瘤治疗方法相比,水凝胶具有优良的生物相容性和环境适应性,特别是避免了激光辐射的危害。另一方面,水凝胶作为人体广泛使用的材料,具有可注射性、可控性、可操作性和均匀性,以及携带和释放药物、细胞、生长因子、基因等的功能。水凝胶富含水分的性质使它们柔软,具有与活组织非常相似的生物相容性。水凝胶是一类具有三维立体的高分子网状结构的材料可以用于装载药物,起到药物缓释的作用,并在骨肉瘤的酸性微环境的条件下,响应性的可控释放,从而有效的治愈骨肉瘤。这也拓展了水凝胶的使用范围,为制备更加多功能的,更具适应性的水凝胶提供了思路。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于治疗骨肉瘤的新型可注射载药水凝胶的制备方法。
该方法首先将一定比例的天然高分子透明质酸钠溶解在去离子水,剧烈搅拌至完全溶解,具有高流动性,然后向混合物中依次加入一定比例的化疗药和壳聚糖,氨基和醛基形成亚氨基,这种共价键在肿瘤微环境酸性作用下,使药物响应性缓慢释放,从而获得具有长时间可控释放的载药水凝胶。水凝胶生物相容性好,具有高稳定性,无毒和可降解性,能够大量包载药物并在肿瘤部位局部响应性缓释,从而避免全身的毒性。我们也通过骨肉瘤病灶部位肿瘤大小证明了该水凝胶用于治疗骨肉瘤的可行性。结合以上特点,这种具有良好生物相容性的可注射载药水凝胶作为一种治疗方法,在肿瘤治疗等生物医学领域大展身手。
本发明所述的新型可注射载药水凝胶的制备方法,其具体步骤如下:
(1)称量1.0~5.0g透明质酸钠,加入100~300mL去离子水中,连续快速搅拌半小时至完全溶解,再缓慢加入4.0–8.0g高碘酸钠,在避光黑暗条件下室温搅拌5h。然后加入3~5ml乙二醇停止反应,得到无色透明聚合物溶液。用分子量为8000~14000的渗析袋在去离子水中渗析2~3天,换4~6次去离子水,渗析后的聚合物溶液用冻干机冻干2~3天后,即得到蓬松多孔的固体材料。将其用去离子水配成1.0~2.0wt%的水溶液A备用。
(2)称量1.0~3.0g含有氨基的高分子聚合物加入100~300mL去离子水中,再加入1~3mL丙烯酸,在55℃中连续搅拌72小时,用浓度为0.1~0.4mol/L的氢氧化钠调节体系的pH为10~12之间,再加入0.1~0.15mg盐酸阿霉素,超声10分钟。然后用分子量为8000~14000的渗析袋在去离子水中渗析2~3天,换4~6次水,渗析后的聚合物溶液用冻干机冻干2~3天后,即可得到蓬松多孔的固体材料。将其用去离子水配成1.0~3.0wt%的水溶液B备用。
(3)将水溶液A和水溶液B按照体积比3:1比例混合,无色透明的混合溶液会在5~40s的时间内变为凝胶固体,即为可注射载药水凝胶。
上述方法中,含有氨基的高分子聚合物可以是壳聚糖,聚赖氨酸,明胶等天然高分子。
上述方法中,如果选择壳聚糖为含有氨基高分子聚合物,其分子量限制在是3000–4500kDa。
本发明优点如下:1.水凝胶原料来源易得,成本低,结构简单,具有可注射性,生物相容性好,无毒,稳定性好,体内可降解;2.制备操作过程简单方便,无污染;3.水凝胶具有良好的药物携带能力;4.持久的肿瘤治疗能力可以保证材料长期发挥作用,并且化疗药无泄漏,不会对其他组织造成二次伤害;5.水凝胶冻干后的扫描电镜图显示其为三维网络结构,有利于药物以及生物活性分子的储存与释放;6.本发明适用于不同肿瘤治疗等,具有广阔的发展前景。
附图说明
图1:为实施例1所制备的载药水凝胶的相转变图。通过比较管内物质前后变化我们可以看出,样品A为无色透明溶液,样品B为黄色溶液,混合后振荡、静置40s后,变为浅黄色的凝胶C。
图2:为实施方案1所制备的载药水凝胶冻干后的扫描电镜图。从图中我们可以清楚的看到水凝胶冻干后内部疏松多孔的结构,有利于药物的搭载与释放以及物质的交换。
图3:为实施方案1所制备盐酸阿霉素的工作曲线A,不同浓度的盐酸阿霉素对应的紫外吸收。盐酸阿霉素在不同条件下的释放曲线B,与中性条件相比较,在酸性条件下释放的盐酸阿霉素更多。
图4:针对骨肉瘤经14天治疗后,相较两个对照组即对照组和水凝胶组的结果,注射含有盐酸阿霉素的水凝胶组的结果,瘤体积和重量明显变小。说明制备的载药水凝胶具有良好的治疗效果。
具体实施方式
实施例1:实施例的过程均按照上面修改后的制备过程,只是保留每个例子里的特定数据取值。
1)称量1.0g透明质酸钠加入到一个含有100mL去离子水中,连续快速搅拌半小时至完全溶解,再缓慢加入4.0g高碘酸钠,在避光黑暗条件下室温搅拌5h。然后加入3ml乙二醇停止反应,得到无色透明溶液聚合物溶液。用分子量为14000的渗析袋在去离子水中渗析2天,换4次水,渗析后的聚合物溶液用冻干机冻干2天后,即得到蓬松多孔的固体材料。将其用去离子水配成1.0wt%的水溶液A备用。
2)将1.0g壳聚糖加入到一个含有150mL去离子水中,再加入1mL丙烯酸,在55℃中连续搅拌72小时,用浓度为0.1mol/L的氢氧化钠调节体系的pH为10。再加入0.1mg盐酸阿霉素,超声10分钟。用分子量为12000的渗析袋在去离子水中渗析3天,换6次水,渗析后的聚合物溶液用冻干机冻干3天后,即可得到蓬松多孔的固体材料。将其用去离子水配成1.5wt%的水溶液B备用。
3)将水溶液A和水溶液B按照体积比3:1比例混合,无色透明的混合溶液会在40s的时间内变为可注射载药水凝胶。
实施例2:
1)称量2.0g透明质酸钠,加入到一个含有150mL去离子水中,连续快速搅拌半小时至完全溶解,再缓慢加入6.0g高碘酸钠,在避光黑暗条件下室温搅拌5h。然后加入5ml乙二醇停止反应,得到无色透明溶液聚合物溶液。用分子量为14000的渗析袋在去离子水中渗析3天,换5次水,渗析后的聚合物溶液用冻干机冻干2天后,即得到蓬松多孔的固体材料。将其用去离子水配成1.0wt%的水溶液C备用。
2)将1.5g聚赖氨酸加入到一个含有200mL去离子水中,再加入1.5mL丙烯酸,在55℃中连续搅拌72小时,用浓度为0.1mol/L的氢氧化钠调节体系的pH为10,再加入0.15mg盐酸阿霉素,超声10分钟。用分子量为10000的渗析袋在去离子水中渗析3天,换6次水,渗析后的聚合物溶液用冻干机冻干3天后,即可得到蓬松多孔的固体材料。将其用去离子水配成3.0wt%的水溶液D备用。。
3)将水溶液C和水溶液D按照体积比3:1比例混合,无色透明的混合溶液会在40s的时间内变为可注射载药水凝胶。
实施例3:
1)将1.0g透明质酸钠加入到一个含有100mL去离子水中,连续快速搅拌半小时至完全溶解,再缓慢加入4.0g高碘酸钠,在避光黑暗条件下室温搅拌5h。然后加入3ml乙二醇停止反应,得到无色透明溶液聚合物溶液。用分子量为14000的渗析袋在去离子水中渗析2天,换4次水,渗析后的聚合物溶液用冻干机冻干2天后,即可得到蓬松多孔的固体材料。将其用去离子水配成1.5wt%的水溶液E备用。
2)将1.0g明胶加入到一个含有200mL去离子水中,再加入1.5mL丙烯酸,在60℃中连续搅拌72小时,用浓度为0.1mol/L的氢氧化钠调节体系的pH为10。再加入0.12mg盐酸阿霉素,超声10分钟。用分子量为13000的渗析袋在去离子水中渗析3天,换6次水,渗析后的聚合物溶液用冻干机冻干3天后,,即可得到蓬松多孔的固体材料。将其用去离子水配成2.5wt%的水溶液F备用。
3)将水溶液E和水溶液F按照体积比3:1比例混合,无色透明的混合溶液会在35s的时间内变为可注射载药水凝胶。
Claims (5)
1.一种用于治疗骨肉瘤的新型可注射载药水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:具体步骤如下:
(1)称量1.0~5.0g透明质酸钠,加入100~300mL去离子水中,连续快速搅拌半小时至完全溶解,再缓慢加入4.0–8.0g高碘酸钠,在避光黑暗条件下室温搅拌5h;然后加入3~5ml乙二醇停止反应,得到无色透明溶液聚合物溶液;用分子量为8000~14000的渗析袋在去离子水中渗析2~3天,换4~6次去离子水,渗析后的聚合物溶液用冻干机冻干2~3天后,即得到蓬松多孔的固体材料;将其用去离子水配成1.0~2.0wt%的水溶液A备用;
(2)称量1.0~3.0g含有氨基的高分子聚合物加入到一个含有100~300mL去离子水中,再加入1~3mL丙烯酸,在55℃中连续搅拌72小时,用浓度为0.1~0.4mol/L的氢氧化钠调节体系的pH为10~12之间,再加入0.1~0.15mg盐酸阿霉素,超声10分钟;用分子量为8000~14000的渗析袋在去离子水中渗析2~3天,换4~6次水,渗析后的聚合物溶液用冻干机冻干2~3天后,即可得到蓬松多孔的固体材料;将其用去离子水配成1.0~3.0wt%的水溶液B备用;
(3)将水溶液A和水溶液B按照体积比3:1比例混合,无色透明的混合溶液会在5~40s的时间内变为凝胶固体,即为可注射载药水凝胶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于治疗骨肉瘤的新型可注射载药水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中所述的含有氨基高分子聚合物可以是壳聚糖,聚赖氨酸,或者明胶。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种用于治疗骨肉瘤的新型可注射载药水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中所述的含有氨基高分子聚合物如果选择为壳聚糖,其分子量限制在是3000–4500kDa。
4.根据权利要求1-3所述的任一一种用于治疗骨肉瘤的新型可注射载药水凝胶的制备方法所制得的可注射载药水凝胶。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种可注射载药水凝胶在治疗骨肉瘤中的应用。
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