CN114403225B - 一种淀粉基配方的微胶囊及其应用 - Google Patents
一种淀粉基配方的微胶囊及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114403225B CN114403225B CN202111564667.0A CN202111564667A CN114403225B CN 114403225 B CN114403225 B CN 114403225B CN 202111564667 A CN202111564667 A CN 202111564667A CN 114403225 B CN114403225 B CN 114403225B
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- fatty acid
- polyunsaturated fatty
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- octenyl succinate
- starch
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- 229940080313 sodium starch Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- GUOCOOQWZHQBJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-oct-7-enoxy-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(=O)OCCCCCCC=C GUOCOOQWZHQBJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
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- MBMBGCFOFBJSGT-KUBAVDMBSA-N all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCC(O)=O MBMBGCFOFBJSGT-KUBAVDMBSA-N 0.000 description 54
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- YZXBAPSDXZZRGB-DOFZRALJSA-N arachidonic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O YZXBAPSDXZZRGB-DOFZRALJSA-N 0.000 description 28
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- IQLUYYHUNSSHIY-HZUMYPAESA-N eicosatetraenoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C(O)=O IQLUYYHUNSSHIY-HZUMYPAESA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/015—Inorganic compounds
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/30—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing carbohydrate syrups; containing sugars; containing sugar alcohols, e.g. xylitol; containing starch hydrolysates, e.g. dextrin
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
- A23L3/3454—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种淀粉基配方的微胶囊及其应用。该淀粉基配方的微胶囊中芯材为多不饱和脂肪酸油脂,壁材中至少包括第一辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠和第二辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠;所述多不饱和脂肪酸油脂的用量不低于35%;所述第一辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠的分子量为(1‑4)×107g/mol,所述第二辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠的分子量为5000g/mol‑7×104g/mol。本发明使用了两种特定不同分子量的辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠作为壁材原料之一与高含量的不饱和脂肪酸油脂的芯材复配,得到的淀粉基配方的微胶囊的稳定性好,可以良好的应用与奶粉以及对产品性能要求更高的婴幼儿配方奶粉中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品添加剂技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种多不饱和脂肪酸油脂微胶囊及其应用。
背景技术
二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)和花生四烯酸(ARA)作为神经组织和视网膜的重要结构成分,是参与正常的大脑和视觉的发展,同时作为多不饱和脂肪酸,也有利于缓解心血管疾病,降低血清总胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的含量。尽管作为可选择性的成分,市售的大部分婴幼儿配方奶粉以及特殊医学用途配方食品中都选择添加了DHA和ARA进行营养补充。
为了扩大DHA和ARA油脂的应用,常通过微胶囊化的方式来增加稳定性。DHA和ARA富含不饱和双键,对氧气、光和热敏感,从而导致多不饱和脂肪酸油脂极易氧化变质。为了防止油脂氧化,油脂微胶囊化成为保护油脂减缓氧化速度的一种常用方法。
目前多不饱和脂肪酸微胶囊粉剂产品有效含量偏低,有效成分多为10%。婴幼儿配方奶粉的新国标中显著增加了DHA/ARA的添加量并设置最低添加量,且如果添加了DHA至少要添加相同量的ARA。新国标实施后,如果仍然使用10%多不饱和脂肪酸微胶囊粉剂,那么使用量与原来相比显著增加,无论对于仓储、工艺以及奶粉的稳定和感官等都是考验,而添加相对含量更高的,如18%以上的高含量多不饱和脂肪酸微胶囊粉剂,不仅能缓解了仓储运输压力,在成本上也能得到较大的控制。
酪蛋白酸钠、乳清蛋白等蛋白体系是不饱和脂肪酸油脂包埋常用壁材,而针对食物蛋白过敏人群的无蛋白来源壁材,如变性淀粉、阿拉伯胶等,由于结构特性不同,其包埋能力弱于蛋白体系壁材。对于淀粉体系的微胶囊,主要采用的是变性淀粉,即淀粉经辛烯基琥珀酸酐(OSA)酯化改性引入羧酸基团亲水基团和烯基长链疏水基团,淀粉分子化学结构发生变化。目前工艺中虽然常用辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠建立微胶囊体系,但目前的淀粉体系多应用于包埋常规含量的多不饱和脂肪酸油脂,随着被包埋多不饱和脂肪酸油脂的含量提高,增加变性淀粉的用量不失为一种解决方案,但食品安全国家标准中对于变性淀粉的含量做出了严格限定,所以需要重新构建新的采用变性淀粉的微胶囊体系,使得新的微胶囊体系在多不饱和脂肪酸油脂含量提高的基础上,变性淀粉的含量依然符合并低于法规限制,并且微胶囊的稳定性及应用稳定性保持良好。
发明内容
为了针对婴配新国标提出的高含量添加DHA/ARA的要求,解决现有技术中高含量不饱和脂肪酸以淀粉为主的微胶囊体系的稳定性差的问题,本发明提供了一种淀粉基配方的微胶囊及其应用。
该淀粉基配方的微胶囊中芯材为多不饱和脂肪酸油脂,壁材中至少包括第一辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠和第二辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠;所述多不饱和脂肪酸油脂的用量不低于35%;所述第一辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠的分子量为(1-4)×107g/mol,所述第二辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠的分子量为5000g/mol-7×104g/mol。
本发明使用了两种特定不同分子量的辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠作为壁材之一与高含量的不饱和脂肪酸油脂的芯材复配,得到的淀粉基配方的微胶囊的稳定性好,可以良好的应用与奶粉以及对产品性能要求更高的婴幼儿配方奶粉中。在本发明中,多不饱和脂肪酸油脂的用量高于常规多不饱和脂肪酸微胶囊,但考虑到稳定性等指标,通常不高于50%(占所有原料总量)。
在本发明的微胶囊中多不饱和脂肪酸的含量不低于18%(占微胶囊的总重量),在一些实施方式中,其含量不低于20%(占微胶囊的总重量)。
本发明所使用的多不饱和脂肪酸油脂中多不饱和脂肪酸的含量为35-60%,在此范围以内的油脂均可以实现本发明所述的多不饱和脂肪酸微胶囊中多不饱和脂肪酸的含量,例如,申请人通过发酵得到的DHA油脂中DHA的含量为50%,则其添加量为40%即可达到微胶囊中多不饱和脂肪酸含量为20%的指标。
本发明所述的多不饱和脂肪酸主要指的是二十碳以上的多不饱和脂肪酸,且不饱和双键达到4个以上,代表性的多不饱和脂肪酸包括二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)、二十碳四烯酸(ARA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA),由于这些脂肪酸结构中的双键多于4个,又具有特殊的味道,提升其在微胶囊中的含量与普通的油脂微胶囊相比,在包埋效果、稳定性等方面都更具有挑战性。在本发明的主要实施例中,可以选用需要的多不饱和脂肪酸油脂来作为芯材,优选为DHA油脂或ARA油脂。
在本发明一个优选实施方式中,所述第一辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠(在本发明中也称SSOS-A)和所述第二辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠(在本发明中也称SSOS-B)的用量比为(1~3):1。
在本发明一个优选实施方式中,辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠的用量(即第一辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠和第二辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠的用量总和)与多不饱和脂肪酸油脂的用量比为(0.5~0.7):1。其中,第一辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠的用量可以占所有原料总量(包括壁材和芯材)的15~25%,第二辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠的用量可以占所有原料总量(包括壁材和芯材)的4~16%。
在本发明中将第一辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠和第二辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠的用量总和统称为辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠的用量。
本发明的核心发明点在于确保在高含量的多不饱和脂肪酸油脂淀粉基微胶囊的壁材中至少含有两种特定分子量的辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠,壁材中还可以选用本领域中常用的辅料来进行填充。优选的是,本发明的壁材的原料中还包括抗氧化剂、抗结剂、酸度调节剂和填充剂。在本发明一个优选实施方式中,抗氧化剂的用量为2~10%(占所有原料总量)。抗结剂的用量优选为0.1~1%(占所有原料总量)。酸度调节剂的用量优选为0.001~0.1%(占所有原料总量)。其他为填充剂。可以选用本领域中常用的抗氧化剂、抗结剂、酸度调节剂和填充剂来用于本发明中,优选的抗氧化剂为抗坏血酸钠、抗坏血酸钙、维生素E、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯中的一种或几种。优选的抗结剂为磷酸三钙和/或二氧化硅。优选的酸度调节剂为柠檬酸钠。优选的填充剂为固体玉米糖浆和/或糊精。
在本发明中,可以使用常用的微胶囊制备方法来制备本发明中的微胶囊,优选的制备方法包括如下步骤:
1)将壁材成分混合,加水至固形物含量为25-50%,在不高于35℃剪切,得到水相物料;
2)将所述多不饱和脂肪酸油脂和所述水相物料剪切混合后在20-80MPa下进行均质,喷雾干燥,得到微胶囊。
在一些实施例中,可以先将抗氧化剂添加到多不饱和脂肪酸油脂中,也可以将抗氧化剂添加到水相物料中,也可同时添加,在保证添加均匀的情况下并不限制抗氧化剂的添加方式。
在上述方法中,剪切通常是为了使物料更加均匀,优选剪切的速度为8000~120000r/min。其中,步骤3)中喷雾干燥的进风口温度优选为180-250℃,出风口温度优选为70-90℃,压力根据设备的处理规模可选为20-200bar。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述淀粉基配方的微胶囊在制备奶粉中的应用,优选是婴幼儿奶粉中的应用。
在本发明中,若无特别说明,“%”均为质量百分比。
本发明提供的不同分子量变性淀粉复配不饱和脂肪酸得到的微胶囊满足了针对新国标提出的高含量添加不饱和脂肪酸油脂的要求,减小了变性淀粉的用量,并且溶解性好、稳定性高,同时,解决了多不饱和脂肪酸微胶囊应用至奶粉中出现的稳定性下降的问题。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例,对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种淀粉基配方的微胶囊,微胶囊的组份和含量如下:
芯材:DHA油脂45.83%(DHA含量约为47%);壁材:辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠-型号A(SSOS-A,分子量(1-2)×107g/mol,商业型号N-Creamer 46)19.25%、辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠-型号B(SSOS-B,分子量<7×104g/mol g/mol,商业型号Capsul)9.63%、抗坏血酸钠6%、磷酸三钙0.6%、柠檬酸钠0.01%、余下为固体玉米糖浆。
微胶囊的制备方法包括如下步骤:
1)将芯材DHA油脂在35℃下以12000r/min剪切30min,得到油相物料;
2)将壁材:两种辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠、抗坏血酸钠、磷酸三钙、固体玉米糖浆、柠檬酸酸钠加水至固形物含量为25%,在35℃下以12000r/min剪切20min,得到水相物料;
3)油相物料和水相物料混合后在80MPa下进行均质,喷雾干燥,得到微胶囊。其中,喷雾干燥的进风口温度为190℃,出风口温度为80℃,压力为20bar。
实施例2
本实施例提供的微胶囊的制备方法与实施例1的制备方法相同,不同之处在于,本实施例中淀粉基配方的微胶囊,微胶囊的组份和含量如下:
DHA油脂45.83%、辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠-型号A(SSOS-A,分子量(1-2)×107g/mol)9.63%、辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠-型号B(SSOS-B,分子量<7×104g/mol g/mol)19.25%、抗坏血酸钠6%、磷酸三钙0.6%、柠檬酸钠0.01%、余下为固体玉米糖浆。
实施例3
本实施例提供的微胶囊的制备方法与实施例1的制备方法相同,不同之处在于,本实施例中淀粉基配方的微胶囊,微胶囊的组份和含量如下:
DHA油脂45.83%、辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠-型号A(SSOS-A,分子量(1-2)×107g/mol)13.75%、辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠-型号B(SSOS-B,分子量<7×104g/mol g/mol)4.58%、抗坏血酸钠6%、磷酸三钙0.6%、柠檬酸钠0.01%、剩余为固体玉米糖浆。
实施例4
本实施例提供的微胶囊的制备方法与实施例1的制备方法相同,不同之处在于,本实施例中淀粉基配方的微胶囊,微胶囊的组份和含量如下:
DHA油脂45.83%、辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠-型号A(SSOS-A,分子量(1-2)×107g/mol)34.37%、辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠-型号B(SSOS-B,分子量<7×104g/mol g/mol)11.46%、抗坏血酸钠6%、磷酸三钙0.6%、柠檬酸钠0.01%、剩余为固体玉米糖浆。
实施例5
本实施例提供的微胶囊的制备方法与实施例1的制备方法相同,不同之处在于,本实施例中淀粉基配方的微胶囊,微胶囊的组份和含量如下:
本实施例中淀粉基配方的微胶囊,原料中的DHA油脂换成等量的ARA油脂(ARA油脂含量为45%)。
实施例6
本实施例提供了一种淀粉基配方的微胶囊,微胶囊的组份和含量如下:
芯材:DHA油脂45.83%(DHA含量约为44%);壁材:辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠-型号A(SSOS-A,分子量(1-2)×107g/mol)19.25%、辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠-型号B(SSOS-B,分子量<7×104g/mol g/mol)9.63%、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯6%、二氧化硅0.6%、柠檬酸钠0.01%、余下为麦芽糊精。
对比例1
本实施例提供的微胶囊的制备方法与实施例1的制备方法相同,不同之处在于,本实施例中淀粉基配方的微胶囊,微胶囊的组份和含量如下:
DHA油脂45.83%、辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠-型号A(SSOS-A,分子量(1-2)×107g/mol)28.88%、抗坏血酸钠6%、磷酸三钙0.6%、柠檬酸钠0.01%、剩余为固体玉米糖浆。
对比例2
本实施例提供的微胶囊的制备方法与实施例1的制备方法相同,不同之处在于,本实施例中淀粉基配方的微胶囊,微胶囊的组份和含量如下:
DHA油脂45.83%、辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠-型号B(SSOS-B,分子量<7×104g/mol g/mol)28.88%、抗坏血酸钠6%、磷酸三钙0.6%、柠檬酸钠0.01%、剩余为固体玉米糖浆。
对比例3
本对比例提供了一种淀粉基配方的微胶囊,微胶囊的组份和含量如下:
芯材:DHA油脂45.83%(DHA含量约为47%);壁材:辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠-型号A(SSOS-A,分子量(1-2)×107g/mol)19.25%、β-环糊精9.63%、抗坏血酸钠6%、磷酸三钙0.6%、柠檬酸钠0.01%、余下为固体玉米糖浆。
对比例4
本对比例提供了一种淀粉基配方的微胶囊,微胶囊的组份和含量如下:
芯材:DHA油脂45.83%(DHA含量约为47%);壁材:辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠-型号A(SSOS-A,分子量(1-2)×107g/mol)19.25%、辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠-型号C(分子量(34-36)×105g/mol,商品型号Purity Gum2000)、抗坏血酸钠6%、磷酸三钙0.6%、柠檬酸钠0.01%、余下为固体玉米糖浆。
实验例
实施例和对比例得到的淀粉基配方的微胶囊的理化性质
1、溶解性
表1实施例和对比例得到的微胶囊的溶解性
2、包埋及加速试验效果
实施例和对比例得到的微胶囊的包埋效果以及微胶囊在37℃下6个月加速实验结果如下表2所示。
表2包埋效果以及加速实验结果
3、微胶囊在奶粉中的应用
3.1稳定性和感官
将实施例和对比例得到的淀粉基配方的微胶囊分别通过干法或湿法工艺添加到同一种奶粉基粉中。开展37℃奶粉货架期实验,检测货架期期间DHA/ARA的含量并评价奶粉感官,6个月时的结果呈现如下表3。
其中干法添加为:比例称取一定量的DHA微胶囊添加到奶粉基粉中充分混合,将所得混合基粉倒入V型混合器中,V型混合器的参数为120转/min运行20min,60转/min运行10min,即得到干混奶粉。
湿法添加方法为:将奶粉基粉加入到一定的纯净水中,通过剪切的方式均匀分散在水中,之后按添加量将微胶囊加入水相中,继续剪切并分散均匀,在20MPa的条件下通过均质机循环均质三遍,采用压力塔进行喷雾干燥,其中压力喷雾塔的进风温度在200℃,出风温度为90℃,压力为20bar。
表3奶粉货架期感官数据
从表3中可以看出,在37℃加速实验期间,奶粉中DHA和ARA含量损失不超过10%,在感官实验中均没有出现多不饱和脂肪酸油脂哈败的现象。
最后,本发明的方法仅为较佳的实施方案,并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种淀粉基配方的微胶囊,其特征在于,芯材为多不饱和脂肪酸油脂,壁材中至少包括第一辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠和第二辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠;所述多不饱和脂肪酸油脂的用量不低于35%;所述第一辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠的分子量为(1-4)×107g/mol,所述第二辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠的分子量为5000g/mol -7×104g/mol;所述第一辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠和所述第二辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠的用量比为(1~3):1;所述多不饱和脂肪酸油脂中多不饱和脂肪酸为二十碳以上且不饱和双键不少于4个的多不饱和脂肪酸;所述微胶囊中多不饱和脂肪酸占所述微胶囊含量的18%以上;所述第一辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠和第二辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠的用量总和与所述多不饱和脂肪酸油脂的用量比为(0.5~0.7):1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的淀粉基配方的微胶囊,其特征在于,所述多不饱和脂肪酸油脂中多不饱和脂肪酸为DHA或ARA。
3.根据权利要求1所述的淀粉基配方的微胶囊,其特征在于,所述壁材中还包括抗氧化剂、抗结剂、酸度调节剂和填充剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的淀粉基配方的微胶囊,其特征在于,所述抗氧化剂的用量为2~10%,所述抗结剂的用量为0.1~1%,所述酸度调节剂的用量为0.001~0.1%。
5.根据权利要求3所述的淀粉基配方的微胶囊,其特征在于,所述抗氧化剂为抗坏血酸钠、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、抗坏血酸钙、维生素E中的一种或几种;
和/或,所述抗结剂为磷酸三钙和/或二氧化硅;
和/或,所述填充剂为固体玉米糖浆和/或糊精。
6.权利要求1至5中任一项所述的淀粉基配方的微胶囊,其特征在于,所述微胶囊的制备方法包括如下步骤:
1)将壁材成分混合,加水至固形物含量为25-50%,在不高于35℃剪切,得到水相物料;
2)将所述多不饱和脂肪酸油脂和所述水相物料剪切混合后在20-80MPa下进行均质,喷雾干燥,得到微胶囊。
7.权利要求1至6中任一项所述的淀粉基配方的微胶囊在制备奶粉中的应用。
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