CN114395318B - 一种用于pet膜的水性纳米陶瓷涂料及其制备方法和涂装方法 - Google Patents

一种用于pet膜的水性纳米陶瓷涂料及其制备方法和涂装方法 Download PDF

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CN114395318B
CN114395318B CN202210135626.8A CN202210135626A CN114395318B CN 114395318 B CN114395318 B CN 114395318B CN 202210135626 A CN202210135626 A CN 202210135626A CN 114395318 B CN114395318 B CN 114395318B
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陈业新
李颖颖
张凤舞
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Qingdao Putai Nano New Mstar Technology Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于PET膜的水性纳米陶瓷涂料及其制备方法和涂装方法，该涂料的原料包括水性涂料，水性纳米陶瓷树脂，无水乙醇和水；其中水性涂料包括水性色浆，无水乙醇，水性聚氨酯树脂，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，增稠剂，流平剂，消泡剂，磷酸和水；其中水性色浆包括水性聚氨酯树脂，色料，无水乙醇，分散剂，流平剂和水；通过各组分配比依次制备出水性色浆、水性涂料及水性纳米陶瓷涂料；通过涂料辊涂至PET膜上高温加热完成固化。本发明的配方中使用水性聚氨酯树脂和磷酸有助于改善基材表面分子结构，起到钝化作用，使得涂料易于与PET膜达到固化结合，还克服了传统氟碳涂料的缺陷，涂层硬度可以达到3‑4H，具有耐磨及抗划伤性能。

Description

一种用于PET膜的水性纳米陶瓷涂料及其制备方法和涂装 方法
技术领域
本发明涉及涂料领域，尤其涉及一种用于PET膜的水性纳米陶瓷涂料及其制备方法和涂装方法。
背景技术
PET膜主要用于光伏背板、汽车玻璃、包装等用途，为增强其耐磨性、防渗透性、耐腐蚀性，需要在表面辊涂一层保护涂层，目前多使用氟碳涂料(FEVE)。但这种氟碳涂料具有难以解决的自身缺陷：1)对臭氧层的破坏及对水和土壤环境造成的污染难以在短时间消除，以及在涂装过程中会释放二甲苯等大量有毒的有机溶剂到大气中。2)氟碳涂层硬度低(1H以下)，耐磨损划伤性能差，对PET膜的保护不够。3)氟碳涂层分子孔隙大，水汽阻隔及耐酸雨、盐雾腐蚀能力较差。4)氟碳漆表面的静电会吸附大量灰尘及腐蚀性污染物，影响透光性及散热性。
为此，有人提出采用水性纳米陶瓷树脂，替代氟碳树脂。纳米陶瓷涂料水性环保，表面硬度高耐磨耐划伤，具有良好的水汽阻隔和防腐性能；同时，其抗静电的特性以及纳米分子结构表面致密，疏水自洁使基材表面不易积灰，易于日常清洗维护，是理想的光伏PET涂覆材料。但是，普通的陶瓷树脂为无机材料，与有机材料PET膜很难结合或者结合后易分离。
发明内容
为解决以上技术问题，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种用于PET膜的水性纳米陶瓷涂料及其制备方法，原料组分以质量分数计为，水性涂料50-75％，水性纳米陶瓷树脂20-45％，无水乙醇1-5％和余量去离子水；
其中所述水性涂料的组分以质量分数计为，水性色浆40-70％，无水乙醇10-20％，水性聚氨酯树脂10-20％，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯1-10％，增稠剂1-5％，流平剂0.5-2％，消泡剂0.5-2％，磷酸0.5-2％和余量去离子水；
其中所述水性色浆的组分以质量分数计为，水性聚氨酯树脂35-60％，色料30-50％，无水乙醇2-15％，分散剂0.5-2％，流平剂0.5-2％和余量去离子水。
上述水性纳米陶瓷涂料的配方中，磷酸可以用醋酸代替，用于与水性聚氨酯树脂结合，增加与基材的附着力。水性聚氨酯树脂的分子式为(C10H8N2O2·C6H14O3)x，是由二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯与带有2个以上羟基的化合物反应生成之高分子化合物的总称,其主链上含有许多重复的NHCOO基团，有助于改善基材表面分子结构，起到钝化作用，使得制备的涂料易于与PET膜达到固化结合。
优选的，所述水性纳米陶瓷树脂为以硅氧烷和硅溶胶为主要原料合成的水性纳米陶瓷树脂。本发明的水性纳米陶瓷树脂采用公开号为CN106349926A的“一种水性纳米陶瓷复合涂料及其涂装方法”中所公开的涂料配方及制备方法制成。
优选的，所述增稠剂为纤维素醚及其衍生物，具体为聚阴离子纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、甲基羟乙基纤维素、乙基羟乙基纤维素或甲基羟丙基纤维素中的一种。
优选的，所述流平剂为有机硅类流平剂或氟碳化合物类流平剂，具体为BYK-333者TEGO-450或EFKA-3777中的一种。
优选的，所述消泡剂为水性涂料消泡剂，常用聚二甲基硅氧烷，具体为TEGO-810，中国台湾中亚F111，德谦1811中的一种
优选的，所述分散剂为水性涂料分散剂，具体为MOK-5035或BYK-190。
一种用于PET膜的水性纳米陶瓷涂料的制备方法，步骤如下：
步骤一：水性色浆的制备，在常温常压下，按照水性色浆的组分比例称量水性聚氨酯树脂、色料、无水乙醇、分散剂、流平剂和去离子水并投料，用分散机搅拌均匀后，使用研磨机将浆料研磨至粒径小于10微米，得到水性色浆；
步骤二：水性涂料的制备，按照水性涂料的组分比例称量，先投入无水乙醇、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、磷酸和去离子水混合分散5分钟，再依次投入水性聚氨酯树脂、流平剂和消泡剂，用研磨机研磨至粒径小于10微米，再投入水性色浆和增稠剂，在常温常压下，用分散机高速分散30分钟，得到水性涂料；
步骤三：水性纳米陶瓷涂料的制备，按照组分比例称量水性涂料、水性纳米陶瓷树脂、无水乙醇和去离子水并投料，在常温常压下，用分散机高速分散10分钟，之后用低速分散50分钟，然后静置30分钟，得到用于PET膜的水性纳米陶瓷涂料。
优选的，所述步骤二的高速分散的速度为800-1200转/分钟。
优选的，所述步骤三的高速分散的速度为800-1200转/分钟，低速分散的速度为300-500转/分钟。
一种用于PET膜的水性纳米陶瓷涂料的涂装方法为：先将PET膜进行等离子体钝化处理，再使用辊涂机将水性纳米陶瓷涂料辊涂于PET膜上，干膜厚度为5-25微米，使用烘干设备将涂有水性纳米陶瓷涂料的PET膜在150-170℃烘干90-150秒，完成水性纳米陶瓷涂料在PET膜上的固化。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优势在于：
1、本发明的配方中使用有机材料--水性聚氨酯树脂以及磷酸(醋酸)都有助于改善基材表面分子结构，起到钝化作用，使得涂料易于与PET膜达到固化结合；
2、本发明还克服了传统氟碳涂料的缺陷，涂层硬度可以达到3-4H，具有耐磨及抗划伤性能；
3、本发明的配方均为水性，在生产和涂装过程中无甲醛、苯、二甲苯等有毒物质释放，具有绿色环保及耐老化、耐酸雨腐蚀、水汽阻隔、防尘自洁、防火阻燃的特点。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1-5
为了表述方便，下面用四个表来表达5个实施例方式的配比与产品性能，分别为第1-5个实施例的水性色浆的组分和质量分数配比表；水性涂料的组分和质量分数配比表；水性纳米陶瓷涂料的组分和质量分数配比表；水性纳米陶瓷涂料与氟碳涂料的性能对比表。
表1：水性色浆的组分和质量分数(％)配比表
Figure GDA0003828773340000041
表2：水性涂料的组分和质量分数(％)配比表
Figure GDA0003828773340000051
表3：水性纳米陶瓷涂料的组分和质量分数(％)配比表
Figure GDA0003828773340000052
表4：水性纳米陶瓷涂料与氟碳涂料的性能对比表
Figure GDA0003828773340000061
本发明的实施例1-5的配方均为水性，在生产和涂装过程中无甲醛、苯、二甲苯等有毒物质释放，具有绿色环保及耐老化、耐酸雨腐蚀、水汽阻隔、防尘自洁、防火阻燃的特点。
实施例6：一种用于PET膜的水性纳米陶瓷涂料的制备方法，步骤如下：
步骤一：在常温常压下，按照表1中实施例1-5的水性色浆的组分比例称量水性聚氨酯树脂、色料、无水乙醇、分散剂、流平剂和去离子水并投料，用分散机搅拌均匀后，使用研磨机将浆料研磨至粒径小于10微米，得到水性色浆；
步骤二：按照表2中实施例1-5的水性涂料的组分比例称量，先投入无水乙醇、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、磷酸和去离子水混合分散5分钟，再依次投入水性聚氨酯树脂、流平剂和消泡剂，用研磨机研磨至粒径小于10微米，再投入水性色浆和增稠剂，在常温常压下，用分散机高速(速度为800-1200转/分钟)分散30分钟，得到水性涂料；
步骤三：按照表3中实施例1-5的水性纳米陶瓷涂料的组分比例称量水性涂料、水性纳米陶瓷树脂、无水乙醇和去离子水并投料，在常温常压下，用分散机高速(速度为800-1200转/分钟)分散10分钟，之后用低速(速度为300-500转/分钟)分散50分钟，然后静置30分钟，得到用于PET膜的水性纳米陶瓷涂料。
实施例7：一种用于PET膜的水性纳米陶瓷涂料的涂装方法为：先将PET膜进行等离子体钝化处理，再使用辊涂机将实施例1-5的水性纳米陶瓷涂料辊涂于PET膜上，干膜厚度为5-25微米，使用烘干设备将涂有水性纳米陶瓷涂料的PET膜在150-170℃烘干90-150秒，完成水性纳米陶瓷涂料在PET膜上的固化。
本发明的制备方法和涂装方法具有操作简单、配置稳定的特点，在光伏背板、汽车玻璃、包装等领域的应用具有广阔前景。因此，本发明的用于PET膜的水性纳米陶瓷涂料及其制备方法和涂装方法具有很高的产业利用价值。
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于PET膜的水性纳米陶瓷涂料，其特征在于：
原料组分以质量分数计为，水性涂料50-75％，水性纳米陶瓷树脂20-45％，无水乙醇1-5％和余量去离子水；
其中所述水性涂料的组分以质量分数计为，水性色浆40-70％，无水乙醇10-20％，水性聚氨酯树脂10-20％，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯1-10％，增稠剂1-5％，流平剂0.5-2％，消泡剂0.5-2％，磷酸0.5-2％和余量去离子水；
其中所述水性色浆的组分以质量分数计为，水性聚氨酯树脂35-60％，色料30-50％，无水乙醇2-15％，分散剂0.5-2％，流平剂0.5-2％和余量去离子水；
所述水性纳米陶瓷树脂是水性纳米陶瓷复合涂料的制备方法中得到的复合树脂，所述水性纳米陶瓷复合涂料的制备方法，以质量分数计，将水性丙烯酸聚合物5-15％、硅溶胶溶液5-20％，硅氧烷23-40％、醇类2-15％、10-15％的去离子水，以及微量的金属氧化物，经过反应器常温常压搅拌20-60分钟，产生反应，形成复合树脂，再加入10-40％的颜料以及0.1-5％的弱酸，常温常压搅拌5-60分钟熟化，即可完成涂料的制备。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于PET膜的水性纳米陶瓷涂料，其特征在于：所述增稠剂为纤维素醚及其衍生物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于PET膜的水性纳米陶瓷涂料，其特征在于：所述流平剂为有机硅类流平剂或氟碳化合物类流平剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于PET膜的水性纳米陶瓷涂料，其特征在于：所述消泡剂为水性涂料消泡剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于PET膜的水性纳米陶瓷涂料，其特征在于：所述分散剂为水性涂料分散剂。
6.一种根据权利要求1-5任一权利要求所述的用于PET膜的水性纳米陶瓷涂料的制备方法，其特征在于：
步骤一：水性色浆的制备，在常温常压下，按照水性色浆的组分比例称量水性聚氨酯树脂、色料、无水乙醇、分散剂、流平剂和去离子水并投料，用分散机搅拌均匀后，使用研磨机将浆料研磨至粒径小于10微米，得到水性色浆；
步骤二：水性涂料的制备，按照水性涂料的组分比例称量，先投入无水乙醇、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、磷酸和去离子水混合分散5分钟，再依次投入水性聚氨酯树脂、流平剂和消泡剂，用研磨机研磨至粒径小于10微米，再投入水性色浆和增稠剂，在常温常压下，用分散机高速分散30分钟，得到水性涂料；
步骤三：水性纳米陶瓷涂料的制备，按照组分比例称量水性涂料、水性纳米陶瓷树脂、无水乙醇和去离子水并投料，在常温常压下，用分散机高速分散10分钟，之后用低速分散50分钟，然后静置30分钟，得到用于PET膜的水性纳米陶瓷涂料。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种用于PET膜的水性纳米陶瓷涂料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤二的高速分散的速度为800-1200转/分钟。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种用于PET膜的水性纳米陶瓷涂料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤三的高速分散的速度为800-1200转/分钟，低速分散的速度为300-500转/分钟。
9.一种根据权利要求1-5任一权利要求所述的用于PET膜的水性纳米陶瓷涂料的涂装方法，其特征在于：先将PET膜进行等离子体钝化处理，再使用辊涂机将水性纳米陶瓷涂料辊涂于PET膜上，干膜厚度为5-25微米，使用烘干设备将涂有水性纳米陶瓷涂料的PET膜在150-170℃烘干90-150秒，完成水性纳米陶瓷涂料在PET膜上的固化。
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