CN114391634A - 一种含有植物精华素的禽蛋冷熏料的生产方法 - Google Patents
一种含有植物精华素的禽蛋冷熏料的生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/33—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from molasses
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种含有植物精华素的禽蛋冷熏料的生产方法,更具体地说,通过对禽蛋进行冷熏处理,并在在含有植物香料的禽蛋冷熏料中,通过添加冷杉,榆钱或香榧,银杏等裸子植物茎叶为药性原料与鱼腥草,南蛇藤或猕猴桃,接骨木等被子植物的果皮为营养原料,利用植物中所含的植物精华素的有效成分来提高其品质。一种含有植物精华素的禽蛋冷熏料的生产方法,可改善鸡鸭鹅的特种营养与蛋的新鲜度哈夫值,进一步提高鸡鸭鹅的产品价值,有助于提高家禽业收入,促进消费者身体健康。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于禽蛋生产技术领域,更具体地说,是涉及一种含有植物精华素的禽蛋冷熏料的生产方法。
背景技术
世界各地人们的寿命正在延长,现如今大多数人的期望寿命达到60岁以上。到2050年,世界60岁以上人口总数预计将达到20亿,2015年时该数字为9亿。鸡蛋/鸭蛋/鹅蛋等蛋黄含有较高的胆固醇,不合适老人直接食用,如何对禽蛋进行前处理与后处理,降低胆固醇的相对含量,把胆固醇的危害降到最低,是本领域人员面临的主要问题之一。
此外,饲养鸡鸭鹅主要是为了获取鸡鸭鹅蛋、禽肉等食物的原料,因此需要时刻注意鸡鸭鹅身体健康,另一方面,随着近年来高致病性禽流感(AI)的发病率增加,迫切需要为家禽提供健康的前后处理原料,为人畜互动感染预防提供帮助。禽流感病毒(AIV)属于正粘病毒科。该病毒具有编码至少11种病毒蛋白质的负、单链、8个分段的RNA,接骨木浆果富含酚酸、黄酮类化合物、儿茶素和原花青素,其中一些黄酮类化合物已被证明在体外能显着阻断禽流感病毒粒子,当喂食量在总食物的1%左右。南蛇藤对新冠病毒也有相对应的阻断功效。
发明内容
本发明针对背景技术中的问题,研发了一种制备含有植物精华素的禽蛋冷熏料的方法,在含有农作物及其副产品的禽蛋冷熏料中,混入收集的植物叶、茎、花和果中两种及以上部位所洗涤后干燥的原料,通过使鸡鸭鹅在养殖过程前中后摄取植物精华素的有效成分,同时使用植物提取物制备原料来提高饲料熏料调料品质,为消费者提供优质的禽类食品组合原材料。
为实现上述目的,本发明通过以下技术方案实现:
一种含有植物精华素的禽蛋冷熏料的生产方法,包括以下步骤:
1、禽蛋冷熏原料准备
选取农作物和农作物副产品作为冷熏原料。
2、植物精华素提取
选取具有萜烯或黄酮素化合物的植物两种,分别作为主料和辅料,将采集到的植物的叶、茎或花、果粉碎,使用无毒有机溶剂提纯,过滤,与提取液分离,得到主料初提液和辅料初提液;将两种初提液各自使用无毒有机溶剂提纯,过滤,再次与提取液分离得到主料二次提取液和辅料二次提取液;
将两种二次提取液分别减压浓缩除去有机溶剂得到主料植物浓缩物和辅料植物浓缩物,将两种植物浓缩物喷雾干燥得到主料提取物粉末和辅料提取物粉末,最后将两种植物提取物粉末混合到冷熏原料中,形成冷熏混合粉料;
3、禽蛋冷熏
(1)前处理
喂养富含芬多精的饲料,可选取步骤2中所制备的冷熏混合粉料作为饲料添加,避免生病,确保鸡蛋出来前的质量,接近OMEGA蛋的胆固醇含量标准。
(2)后处理
在低温、通风和湿度充足的环境中进行,使用酒精溶液作为基础液体,每小时溶解混合粉料一次,对禽蛋进行立即雾熏,实现冷雾熏。
优选地,所述混合粉料还可以喷洒在鸡鸭鹅舍的地板上喂鸡鸭鹅,由于这种原料含有植物精华素的活性成分,它具有抗氧化、抗菌和抗炎作用,可有效预防鸡鸭鹅的疾病,缓解压力等。
优选地,所述主料提取物粉末占冷熏原料重量的5%至50%,所述辅料提取物粉末占冷熏鸡鸭鹅总原料重量的0.1%~1.5%。
优选地,所述无毒有机溶剂选用乙醇。
进一步地,所述农作物包括玉米、小麦、水稻、大麦、高粱、燕麦、小米;所述农作物副产品包括麦麸、大豆壳、米糠、玉米壳和大豆壳,以增加目标主体的去脂肪率。
优选地,所述冷熏原料中还包括豆粕,加入豆粕能够提供足量蛋白质并促进肠道功能,同时富含赖氨酸,促进目标主体生长发育,因此优选使用高赖氨酸含量、高蛋白的豆粕。
优选地,所述冷熏原料中还包括糖蜜,加入糖蜜,可以提高目标主体食欲。
优选地,所述冷熏原料中添加酶来分解碳水化合物,可以促进肠道吸收,抑制肠道有害菌群,抑制肠道脂肪生成。
优选地,所述冷熏原料中还可以添加适量的纤维、粗蛋白、钙、纤维、灰分、磷等。
优选地,所述步骤3冷熏环境为温度32°、70%湿度环境。
优选地,所述酒精溶液采用白酒、黄酒或者料酒,降低制作成本。
相对于现有技术,本发明具有如下有益效果:
根据本发明的生产含有植物精华素的禽蛋冷熏料的方法,通过对禽蛋采用冷熏的方式,并使用符合要求的植物制备含有植物精华素活性成分的提取物作为禽蛋冷熏料,并通过添加到饲喂鸡鸭鹅的原料中,有助于鸡鸭鹅的健康,提高肉质,从而提高鸡鸭鹅的产品价值,进一步增加家禽养殖户的收入,有助于促进消费者的健康,提供高品质的产品,优势在于能够满足消费者对安全食品原料的期望。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所要解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
一般来说,饲养鸡鸭鹅主要是为了获取鸡鸭鹅蛋、禽肉等食物的原料,因此需要时刻注意鸡鸭鹅身体健康,喂养富含芬多精的饲料避免生病,可选取前文中所述的冷熏混合粉料作为饲料添加,确保鸡蛋出来前的质量,接近OMEGA 蛋的胆固醇含量标准,这是前处理。蛋生下来以后,再做一些芬多精原料冷雾熏杀菌加香后处理,延长保鲜期,使得胆固醇的相对含量不再继续增加,根据鸡鸭鹅蛋的各自情况准确选择原料,以一种合理的数量熏它们很重要。芬多精属于植物精华素的类群之一(分子式含C5H8基团)。
其中以农作物及副产品为食用和冷熏原料,如适量使用豆粕,其富含蛋白质和氨基酸,可增加蛋白质和钙的包裹与渗透量,加入去脂肪的中和的淀粉和不饱和植物脂肪,以提高冷熏速度和去脂肪率。为了保持蛋内水分和离子的平衡,应调整钠、钾等电解质的用量,注意不要在原料中混入动物蛋白,以免影响鸡鸭鹅的肉蛋质量,保持低胆固醇状态。
以下,根据本发明的含有植物精华素的禽蛋冷熏料的制造方法,根据工艺进行详细说明。
步骤一:原料制备(采集)
植物精华素原料准备。选取任一具有萜烯或黄酮素化合物的植物作为主料,例如榆钱。在叶子浅绿色时采收,叶和茎均可采收,但最好以采叶为主。收集到的榆钱用流水冲洗,去除表面的灰尘和杂质,然后在通风良好的状态下自然晾干,作为植物精华素主料。选取另一种具有萜烯或黄酮素化合物的植物,例如冷杉,用冷杉作为辅料,增加杀菌剂的有效成分含量,对于冷杉,叶、枝(特别是上枝)和树皮均可用,但最好以叶和上枝为主。收集的冷杉用流水冲洗,自然晾干,就像上述榆钱一样,作为植物精华素辅料。
禽蛋冷熏原料准备。已知的农作物、农作物副产品等作为禽蛋冷熏料的主要原料包括以下的成分在内:
可以促进家禽产卵并作为冷熏的主料,包括:玉米、小麦、水稻、大麦、高粱、燕麦、小米等;农作物副产品包括:麦麸、大豆壳、米糠、玉米壳和大豆壳,以增加目标主体的去脂肪率。原料中加入豆粕能够提供足量蛋白质并促进肠道功能,同时富含赖氨酸,促进目标主体生长发育,因此优选使用高赖氨酸含量、高蛋白的豆粕,但不限于此。原料中加入糖蜜,可以提高目标主体食欲。原料中添加酶来分解碳水化合物,可以促进肠道吸收,抑制肠道有害菌群,抑制肠道脂肪生成。
此外,还可以添加适量的纤维、粗蛋白、钙、纤维、灰分、磷等。
步骤二:植物精华素提取
从植物精华素主料和植物精华素辅料中提取芬多精的活性成分。在这种情况下,优选使用有机溶剂以提取植物精华素作为溶剂,并且在本发明中使用乙醇。
(1)榆钱(或银杏,接骨木,猕猴桃)作为主料提取
首先将收获的植物精华素主料(以下简称主料)的叶和茎粉碎,然后以乙醇为溶剂进行提取。此时,为了使粉碎更容易,主料处于预干燥状态。
将主料5~7倍的70~80%的乙醇加入到的主料中,在20~65℃的温度下搅拌 18~36小时,从主料中提取有效成分,然后通过过滤与分离提取箔以获得初级主料提取液。
在分离的提取箔中再次加入提取箔重量2-3倍的60-70%乙醇后,在35-50℃下搅拌12-20小时进行二次提取,即再次过滤以提取箔,并获得二级主料提取液。
将二级主料提取液在45-50℃的温度下使用减压浓缩器浓缩至60-70%,去除乙醇,从而得到主料浓缩物(精油)。然后,通过已知的喷雾干燥方法干燥榆钱浓缩物以制备含有植物精华素的主料提取物粉末(提取物I)。
此处,榆钱提取物粉末(提取物I)可以通过混合糊精或明胶等粘合剂制成颗粒形式,以便于储存并减少分散,粘合剂占提取物I重量的15%至25%。
(2)冷杉(或香榧,南蛇藤,鱼腥草)作为辅料提取
将收获的植物精华素辅料(以下简称辅料)粉碎后,用乙醇为溶剂提取,加入辅料重量5~10倍的80~90%乙醇后,辅料有效成分在35~70℃下搅拌提取24~72小时,过滤得到二级辅料提取液。
将二级辅料提取液在45-50℃的温度下使用减压浓缩器浓缩至浓度为60-70%,得到辅料浓缩物,然后通过已知的喷雾干燥方法干燥得到含植物精华素的制造辅料提取物粉末(提取物Ⅱ)。
此时,与主料提取物粉末一样,可以通过将糊精或明胶等粘合剂与辅料提取物粉末混合制成颗粒形式,此时粘合剂为提取物Ⅱ重量的15-25%。
(3)提取物混合物
得到的主料提取物粉末(提取物Ⅰ)可以与已知的森林植物、粮食副产品、葫芦、糖蜜、酶等混合制成原料,此时,主料提取物粉末(提取物Ⅰ)占冷熏鸡鸭鹅总原料重量的0.5%~5%。
另外,除了主料提取物粉末外,还可以额外添加辅料提取物粉末(提取物 II)作为辅料,以增加植物精华素的含量,此时,辅料提取物粉末(提取物II) 占冷熏鸡鸭鹅总原料重量的0.1%~1.5%。
如上所述制备的原料还可以喷洒在鸡鸭鹅舍的地板上喂鸡鸭鹅,由于这种原料含有植物精华素的活性成分,它具有抗氧化、抗菌和抗炎作用,可有效预防鸡鸭鹅的疾病,缓解压力等。除此之外,鸡鸭鹅肉的味道和蛋的后处理质量都同时得到了提高。
步骤三:禽蛋冷熏
冷熏通常在低温(32度)、通风(每小时雾喷洒一次)和湿度充足(70%) 的环境中进行。烟熏含有芬多精有效成分,考虑到烟熏过程有机物不完全燃烧会产生致癌物质,本申请改进为雾熏,每小时雾喷洒一次。
选择镇江丹凤酒(或类似料酒)的酒精溶液作为基础液体,每小时溶解混合粉料一次,直接喷雾一次。将禽蛋放在多层转盘蒸笼上旋转,扇形喷嘴分别负责每一层的均匀覆盖。本申请采用干湿交替的腌法。每小时喷雾一次,边腌边熏,72小时完成冷熏处理。冷熏鸡蛋可以固化鸡蛋中的Omega-3脂肪酸,防止胆固醇氧化堵塞心脏血管。
Claims (9)
1.一种含有植物精华素的禽蛋冷熏料的生产方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)禽蛋冷熏原料准备
选取农作物和农作物副产品作为冷熏原料;
(2)植物精华素提取
选取具有萜烯或黄酮素化合物的植物两种,分别作为主料和辅料,将采集到的植物的叶、茎或花、果粉碎,使用无毒有机溶剂提纯,过滤,与提取液分离,得到主料初提液和辅料初提液;将两种初提液各自使用无毒有机溶剂提纯,过滤,再次与提取液分离得到主料二次提取液和辅料二次提取液;
将两种二次提取液分别减压浓缩除去有机溶剂得到主料植物浓缩物和辅料植物浓缩物,将两种植物浓缩物喷雾干燥得到主料提取物粉末和辅料提取物粉末,最后将两种植物提取物粉末混合到冷熏原料中,形成冷熏混合粉料;
(3)禽蛋冷熏
(3.1)前处理
喂养富含芬多精的饲料,选取步骤(2)中所制备的冷熏混合粉料作为饲料添加,避免生病,确保鸡蛋出来前的质量,接近OMEGA蛋的胆固醇含量标准;
(3.2)后处理
在低温、通风和湿度充足的环境中进行,使用酒精溶液作为基础液体,每小时溶解混合粉料一次,对禽蛋进行雾熏,实现冷雾熏。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种含有植物精华素的禽蛋冷熏料的生产方法,其特征在于:所述混合粉料喷洒在鸡鸭鹅舍的地板上喂鸡鸭鹅,所述混合粉料占饲料重量的0.5%至5%。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种含有植物精华素的禽蛋冷熏料的生产方法,其特征在于:所述主料提取物粉末占冷熏原料重量的5%至50%,所述辅料提取物粉末占冷熏鸡鸭鹅总原料重量的0.1%~1.5%。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种含有植物精华素的禽蛋冷熏料的生产方法,其特征在于:所述无毒有机溶剂选用乙醇。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种含有植物精华素的禽蛋冷熏料的生产方法,其特征在于:所述农作物包括玉米、小麦、水稻、大麦、高粱、燕麦、小米。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种含有植物精华素的禽蛋冷熏料的生产方法,其特征在于:所述农作物副产品包括麦麸、大豆壳、米糠、玉米壳和大豆壳,以增加目标主体的去脂肪率。
7.如权利要求1或5或6所述的一种含有植物精华素的禽蛋冷熏料的生产方法,其特征在于:所述冷熏原料中还包括豆粕,糖蜜,酶,纤维、粗蛋白、钙、纤维、灰分、磷其中的一种或几种。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种含有植物精华素的禽蛋冷熏料的生产方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)冷熏环境为温度32°、70%湿度环境。
9.如权利要求1所述的一种含有植物精华素的禽蛋冷熏料的生产方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中的酒精溶液采用白酒、黄酒或者料酒。
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