CN114375969A - Composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN114375969A
CN114375969A CN202210008864.2A CN202210008864A CN114375969A CN 114375969 A CN114375969 A CN 114375969A CN 202210008864 A CN202210008864 A CN 202210008864A CN 114375969 A CN114375969 A CN 114375969A
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parts
composition
preventing
potato
potato black
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CN114375969B (en
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申茂礼
刘鸿飞
李玉玲
李永龙
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Shanghai Gengdao Agricultural Technology Co ltd
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Shanghai Gengdao Agricultural Technology Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A01N65/22—Lamiaceae or Labiatae [Mint family], e.g. thyme, rosemary, skullcap, selfheal, lavender, perilla, pennyroyal, peppermint or spearmint
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
    • A01N31/08—Oxygen or sulfur directly attached to an aromatic ring system
    • A01N31/16—Oxygen or sulfur directly attached to an aromatic ring system with two or more oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached to the same aromatic ring system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/02—Sulfur; Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C1/00—Ammonium nitrate fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/50—Surfactants; Emulsifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
    • C05G5/27—Dispersions, e.g. suspensions or emulsions

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to a composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5-10 parts of thyme oil, 0.1-0.5 part of eugenol, 5-15 parts of nitrogen element, 0.1-0.8 part of trace element, 15-25 parts of seaweed extract and 5-10 parts of emulsifier. According to the invention, thyme oil, eugenol, nitrogen, trace elements and seaweed extract in a specific weight ratio are creatively used in a matching manner, the composition does not contain any chemical agent, cannot cause the potatoes to generate drug resistance, can obviously prevent and control the development of the potato black nevus, reduces the incidence rate of the black nevus, can effectively improve the yield of the potatoes, and has very strong practical significance.

Description

Composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, relates to a composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus, a preparation method and an application thereof, and particularly relates to a composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus and capable of remarkably improving potato yield, a preparation method and an application thereof.
Background
The potato has the advantages of high yield, good taste, rich nutrition, strong adaptability and the like, and is an important grain and economic crop in China. With the improvement of planting benefit and the continuous enlargement of area in recent years, the problems of continuous cropping in potato planting areas, sowing by utilizing diseased seed potatoes and the like cause the incidence of potato soil-borne diseases to be increased year by year in China.
The potato black nevus is a soil-borne fungal disease caused by rhizoctonia solani, the incidence rate of the potato black nevus is reported to be between 30% and 40%, the severity can reach between 90% and 100%, even the death of the potatoes is directly caused, the quality and the yield of the potatoes are seriously influenced, and the development of the potato industry in China is greatly restricted. At present, the prevention and treatment of the potato black nevus mainly adopt agricultural measures, chemical agents, biological prevention and treatment and the like.
For example, CN107361080A discloses a potato black nevus bactericide containing tolclofos-methyl, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of tolclofos-methyl missible oil, 20-30 parts of benziothiazolinone, 30-40 parts of a thifluzamide and pyraclostrobin compound preparation and 10-20 parts of a fluazinam and flutolanil compound preparation. The bactericide is high-efficiency, environment-friendly and broad-spectrum, is suitable for agricultural use, and can delay the generation speed of pathogenic bacteria resistance and reduce the use cost of pesticides.
For example, CN112481158A discloses a complex microbial inoculant for potato black nevus disease, which comprises Bacillus atrophaeus (CICC 20238), Bacillus polymyxa (pacenibacillus polymyxa) ACCC 10122, and Trichoderma africanum (Trichoderma africanum) ACCC 33109; the compound microbial agent has excellent prevention and treatment effect on potato black nevus, effectively reduces the morbidity of the potato black nevus, and has a certain growth promotion effect.
However, the potato black nevus is difficult to control as a soil-borne disease, and the prior art lacks an effective method for controlling the spread and development of the disease. In addition, frequent use of chemical agents also causes the generation of resistance to chemicals, and also causes problems such as the residue of agricultural chemicals and environmental pollution. Therefore, it would be of great interest to develop a product that would not develop resistance to drugs, but would significantly control the development of potato black nevus.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus, a preparation method and application thereof, and particularly provides a composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus and remarkably improving the yield of potatoes, a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5-10 parts of thyme oil, 0.1-0.5 part of eugenol, 5-15 parts of nitrogen element, 0.1-0.8 part of trace element, 15-25 parts of seaweed extract and 5-10 parts of emulsifier.
According to the invention, thyme oil, eugenol, nitrogen, trace elements and seaweed extract in a specific weight ratio are creatively used in a matching manner, the composition does not contain any chemical agent, cannot cause the potatoes to generate drug resistance, can obviously prevent and control the development of the potato black nevus, reduces the incidence rate of the black nevus, can effectively improve the yield of the potatoes, and has very strong practical significance.
Wherein, the nitrogen element influences the growth of the stem and leaf of the potato and the development of the fruit, is one of the important factors determining the yield of the potato, and also influences the capability of the potato for resisting diseases, thereby indirectly influencing the effect of the composition for preventing and treating the potato black nevus. Wherein trace elements such as iron influence the formation of chloroplasts in potato leaves, so that the leaves can be kept green and can not be whitened, for example, zinc can promote the synthesis of indoleacetic acid in potatoes and promote the growth of roots, young leaves and stem tips, for example, manganese controls a plurality of oxidation-reduction systems in potatoes and is also an activator of a plurality of enzymes, and has important influence on a plurality of metabolic processes of the potatoes; the trace elements also indirectly influence the capability of the potatoes for resisting diseases, thereby indirectly influencing the effect of the composition for preventing and treating the potato black nevus.
The thyme oil and the eugenol play a main antibacterial role, and the addition of the thyme oil and the eugenol endows the composition with a direct rhizoctonia solani resisting effect, so that the composition has an excellent effect of preventing and treating the potato black nevus. The thyme oil can effectively kill spores of rhizoctonia solani, the eugenol has a strong inhibition effect on hyphae of the rhizoctonia solani, the two components have a remarkable synergistic effect in the aspect of preventing and treating potato black nevus, and the growth of the rhizoctonia solani can be more effectively inhibited.
On one hand, the seaweed extract can be used as a carrier of various nutrient elements in the composition, promotes the absorption of the nutrient elements in the composition by the potatoes, can be combined with Fe, Zn and Mn ions, is beneficial to releasing phosphorus in soil and enhances the effectiveness of the fertilizer; can be combined with ammonium ions, so that the slow release performance is improved, and the utilization rate of potassium in soil can be promoted, thereby improving the growth vigor of potatoes; on the other hand, harmful substances in the soil, such as toxin of pathogenic bacteria and the like, can be fixed or passivated; the fertilizer can also interact with soil organic matters to form a soil aggregate structure, improve soil ecology and increase the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil; moreover, the activity of beneficial microorganisms in soil can be activated, the root system development of potatoes is stimulated, and the potato bearing rate and the disease resistance are increased.
The thyme oil can be 0.5 part, 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts, 10 parts and the like by weight.
The eugenol can be 0.1 part, 0.2 part, 0.3 part, 0.4 part, 0.5 part and the like in parts by weight.
The nitrogen element can be 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts, 10 parts, 11 parts, 12 parts, 13 parts, 14 parts, 15 parts and the like in parts by weight.
The weight portions of the trace elements can be 0.1 portion, 0.2 portion, 0.3 portion, 0.4 portion, 0.5 portion, 0.6 portion, 0.7 portion, 0.8 portion and the like.
The alginic acid extract can be 15 parts, 16 parts, 17 parts, 18 parts, 19 parts, 20 parts, 21 parts, 22 parts, 23 parts, 24 parts, 25 parts and the like in parts by weight.
The emulsifier can be 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts, 10 parts and the like. The emulsifier mainly has the function of enabling each component of the composition to form stable emulsion in water environment, so that the composition is convenient to use or use after being diluted.
Other specific point values in the above numerical ranges can be selected, and are not described in detail herein.
Preferably, the nitrogen element is derived from a combination of any two or three of ammonium nitrate, urea or ammonium sulphate. For example, a combination of ammonium nitrate and urea, a combination of urea and ammonium sulfate, a combination of ammonium nitrate, urea and ammonium sulfate, and the like.
Preferably, the nitrogen element comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-4 parts of ammonium nitrogen, 2-5 parts of nitrate nitrogen and 1-4 parts of amide nitrogen.
The composition mode of the nitrogen element selects ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and amide nitrogen with specific weight parts to be combined because the absorption of positive and negative ions by the plant is balanced, and the plant is prevented from simply utilizing positive ions such as NH4 +Or anions such as NO3 -The soil caused by the partial acidity or partial alkalinity of the soil improves the soil ecology of the roots of the plants.
The weight parts of the ammonium nitrogen can be 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts and the like.
The weight parts of the nitrate nitrogen can be 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts and the like.
The parts by weight of the amide nitrogen can be 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts and the like.
Other specific point values in the above numerical ranges can be selected, and are not described in detail herein.
Preferably, the trace element includes any one or a combination of at least two of iron, manganese, or zinc, for example, a combination of iron and manganese, a combination of manganese and zinc, a combination of iron, manganese, and zinc, and the like, and any other combination mode can be selected, which is not described herein again. A combination of iron, manganese and zinc is preferred.
Preferably, the trace elements comprise, in parts by weight: 0.1-0.5 part of iron, 0.03-0.05 part of manganese and 0.03-0.05 part of zinc.
The trace elements are preferably combined by iron, manganese and zinc in the specific parts by weight because the combination mode can comprehensively meet the nutritional requirements of the potatoes and can indirectly improve the disease resistance of the potatoes, thereby indirectly promoting the effect of the composition on preventing and treating the potato black nevus.
The weight portion of the iron can be 0.1 portion, 0.2 portion, 0.3 portion, 0.4 portion, 0.5 portion and the like.
The weight portion of the manganese can be 0.03 portion, 0.035 portion, 0.04 portion, 0.045 portion, 0.05 portion and the like.
The zinc can be 0.03 part, 0.035 part, 0.04 part, 0.045 part, 0.05 part and the like in parts by weight.
Other specific point values in the above numerical ranges can be selected, and are not described in detail herein.
Preferably, the iron, manganese and zinc are derived from chelated iron fertilizer, chelated manganese fertilizer and chelated zinc fertilizer, respectively.
Such as Fe-EDTA, Fe-DTPA, Fe-HEDTA, Fe-EDDHA; such as Mn-EDTA, Mn-DTPA, Mn-HEDTA, Mn-EDDHA; the chelated zinc fertilizer is Zn-EDTA, Zn-DTPA, Zn-HEDTA and Zn-EDDHA.
Preferably, the emulsifier is selected from any one of or a combination of at least two of alkyl polyoxyethylene ether, phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, alkyl benzene sulfonate or alkyl naphthalene sulfonate.
In the invention, the seaweed extract is prepared by a preparation method comprising the following steps:
drying and crushing seaweed, mixing the seaweed with water, sterilizing and cooling the mixture to be used as a fermentation substrate;
and (II) adding saccharomycete strain into the fermentation substrate, fermenting, and filtering to obtain the seaweed extract.
Preferably, the drying is performed at 50-70 deg.C, such as 50 deg.C, 52 deg.C, 55 deg.C, 58 deg.C, 60 deg.C, 62 deg.C, 65 deg.C, 68 deg.C, 70 deg.C, etc.
Preferably, the comminution is to a particle size of 0.05-0.2mm, e.g. 0.05mm, 0.08mm, 0.10mm, 0.12mm, 0.15mm, 0.2mm, etc.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the pulverized powder to water is 1 (10-30), such as 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, 1:25, 1:30, and the like.
Preferably, the addition amount of the yeast strain is 0.1 percent, and the viable count is not less than 300 hundred million/g.
Preferably, the fermentation temperature is 28-32 ℃, such as 28 ℃, 29 ℃, 30 ℃, 31 ℃, 32 ℃ and the like, and the fermentation time is 30-42h, such as 30h, 32h, 36h, 40h, 42h and the like.
Preferably, the seaweed comprises any one or a combination of at least two of gulfweed, Ascophyllum nodosum, Macrocystis japonica, kelp or Undaria pinnatifida.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus as described in the first aspect, the method comprising:
(1) mixing any two or three of ammonium nitrate, urea or ammonium sulfate with the seaweed extract and water, and homogenizing to obtain a transparent solution;
(2) mixing the transparent solution obtained in the step (1) with a chelated iron fertilizer, a chelated manganese fertilizer and a chelated zinc fertilizer, and stirring until all substances are dissolved;
(3) and (3) mixing and stirring the product obtained in the step (2) with thyme oil, eugenol and an emulsifier to obtain an emulsion product.
The preparation method of the composition for preventing and treating the potato black mole disease is simple and easy to operate, is suitable for industrial production, and has practicability. The stability of the composition system under the method is good, and the efficient prevention and treatment effect of the potato black nevus can be kept for a long time.
Preferably, the homogenization in step (1) is carried out at 40-60 ℃, e.g., 40 ℃, 43 ℃, 45 ℃, 48 ℃, 50 ℃, 52 ℃, 55 ℃, 60 ℃ and the like.
Preferably, the stirring in step (2) is carried out at 40-60 deg.C, such as 40 deg.C, 43 deg.C, 45 deg.C, 48 deg.C, 50 deg.C, 52 deg.C, 55 deg.C, 60 deg.C, etc.
Preferably, the stirring in step (3) is carried out at 20-40 deg.C, such as 20 deg.C, 23 deg.C, 25 deg.C, 28 deg.C, 30 deg.C, 32 deg.C, 35 deg.C, 40 deg.C, etc.
Other specific point values in the above numerical ranges can be selected, and are not described in detail herein.
In a third aspect, the invention provides an application of the composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus in the first aspect in preventing and treating potato black nevus and improving potato yield.
Preferably, the method of application is:
before transplanting, the composition is diluted and sprayed on potato ridges, and the potato ridges can be transplanted immediately after spraying; or after 15 days of emergence, the composition is diluted and sprayed around the root system of the potato, and is continuously applied for 2-3 times at intervals of 10 days.
Preferably, the amount of thyme oil used per mu in the composition is from 2.5 to 50g (e.g., 2.5g, 5g, 10g, 15g, 20g, 25g, 30g, 40g, 50g, etc.); the amount of eugenol is 0.5-2.5g (such as 0.5g, 1.0g, 1.5g, 2.0g, 2.5g, etc.) per mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, thyme oil, eugenol, nitrogen, trace elements and seaweed extract in a specific weight ratio are creatively used in a matching manner, the composition does not contain any chemical agent, cannot cause the potatoes to generate drug resistance, can obviously prevent and control the development of the potato black nevus, reduces the incidence rate of the black nevus, can effectively improve the yield of the potatoes, and has very strong practical significance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph showing the lesion state of the subterranean stems of the harvested potatoes of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of an observation of subterranean stalk spots of azoxystrobin group harvested potatoes;
FIG. 3 is a photograph showing the lesion status of subterranean stems of potato harvested by the microbial inoculant group;
FIG. 4 is a photograph of an observation of the status of subterranean stem spots of blank harvested potatoes.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples are only for the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as the specific limitations of the present invention.
Thyme oil referred to below is a product from a source leafy organism, model number S26055; eugenol raw drug is purchased from Jiangxi Cyclosphere Natural perfume Co., Ltd; azoxystrobin was purchased from a product of formerly known as amizida; the microbial agent is a product which is obtained by mixing and fermenting bacillus subtilis strains with the content of 500 hundred million/g and cow dung which are proved in Hubei province and contains 2 hundred million/g of viable bacteria.
Preparation example 1
The preparation example provides a seaweed extract, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) drying Sargassum at 60 deg.C, cooling, and pulverizing to powder with particle size of 0.1 mm;
(2) mixing the powder and water in a mass ratio of 1:20, and adding the mixture into a fermentation tank to serve as a fermentation substrate;
(3) heating the fermentation tank added with the fermentation substrate to 115 ℃, sterilizing for 30 minutes, and cooling;
(4) adding 300 hundred million/g of yeast strains into the cooled fermentation substrate in a ratio of 1: 1000;
(5) after the strains are added, controlling the temperature of a fermentation system at 30 ℃ and fermenting for 36 hours;
(6) filtering after fermentation is finished, and using the qualified filtrate as the raw material of the seaweed extract.
Preparation example 2
The preparation example provides a seaweed extract, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) drying Ascophyllum nodosum at 65 ℃, cooling, and crushing to powder with the particle size of 0.15 mm;
(2) mixing the powder and water in a mass ratio of 1:25, and adding the mixture into a fermentation tank to serve as a fermentation substrate;
(3) heating the fermentation tank added with the fermentation substrate to 120 ℃, sterilizing for 30 minutes, and cooling;
(4) adding 300 hundred million/g of yeast strains into the cooled fermentation substrate in a ratio of 1: 1000;
(5) after the strains are added, controlling the temperature of a fermentation system at 30 ℃ and fermenting for 36 hours;
(6) filtering after fermentation is finished, and using the qualified filtrate as the raw material of the seaweed extract.
Preparation example 3
The preparation example provides a seaweed extract, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) drying the giant kelp at 55 ℃, cooling, and crushing to powder with the particle size of 0.08 mm;
(2) mixing the powder and water in a mass ratio of 1:15, and adding the mixture into a fermentation tank to serve as a fermentation substrate;
(3) heating the fermentation tank added with the fermentation substrate to 110 ℃, sterilizing for 35 minutes, and cooling;
(4) adding 300 hundred million/g of yeast strains into the cooled fermentation substrate in a ratio of 1: 1000;
(5) after the strains are added, controlling the temperature of a fermentation system at 30 ℃ and fermenting for 36 hours;
(6) filtering after fermentation is finished, and using the qualified filtrate as the raw material of the seaweed extract.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus, which is prepared by the following steps:
(1) mixing 5 parts of ammonium nitrate, 4 parts of urea and 5 parts of ammonium sulfate with 15 parts of the seaweed extract prepared in preparation example 1 and 71 parts of water, and homogenizing at 50 ℃ to obtain a transparent solution;
(2) mixing the transparent solution obtained in the step (1) with 5 parts of Fe-EDTA, 5 parts of Mn-EDTA and 5 parts of Zn-EDTA, and stirring at 50 ℃ until all the substances are dissolved;
(3) and (3) adding the product obtained in the step (2), 3 parts of thyme oil, 0.5 part of eugenol and 5 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate into an emulsifying kettle, and stirring for 30 minutes under the stirring of 12000 revolutions per minute to obtain the thyme oil-containing emulsion.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus, which is prepared by the following steps:
(1) mixing 10 parts of ammonium nitrate, 8 parts of urea and 10 parts of ammonium sulfate with 18 parts of the seaweed extract prepared in preparation example 2 and 54 parts of water, and homogenizing at 55 ℃ to obtain a transparent solution;
(2) mixing the transparent solution obtained in the step (1) with 3 parts of Fe-DTPA, 3 parts of Mn-HEDTA and 3 parts of Zn-EDTA, and stirring at 55 ℃ until all substances are dissolved;
(3) and (3) adding the product obtained in the step (2) and 5 parts of thyme oil, 0.3 part of eugenol and 7 parts of C8-14 alkyl sodium naphthalene sulfonate into an emulsifying kettle, and stirring for 30 minutes under the stirring of 12000 r/min to obtain the thyme oil-containing oil.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus, which is prepared by the following steps:
(1) mixing 15 parts of ammonium nitrate, 12 parts of urea and 12 parts of ammonium sulfate with 20 parts of the seaweed extract prepared in preparation example 3 and 41 parts of water, and homogenizing at 45 ℃ to obtain a transparent solution;
(2) mixing the transparent solution obtained in the step (1) with 0.7 part of Fe-HEDTA, 0.7 part of Mn-EDTA and 0.7 part of Zn-DTPA, and stirring at 45 ℃ until all the substances are dissolved;
(3) and (3) adding the product obtained in the step (2) and 6 parts of thyme oil, 0.1 part of eugenol and 10 parts of dodecyl polyoxyethylene ether (OP-10) into an emulsifying kettle, and stirring for 30 minutes under the stirring of 12000 r/min to obtain the thyme oil-based oil emulsion.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a composition for controlling potato black nevus, which was prepared by a method different from example 1 only in that thyme oil was not contained, and eugenol was used in an amount of 3.5 parts, with all other parameters being kept constant.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example provides a composition for controlling potato black nevus, which was prepared by a method different from example 1 only in that eugenol was not contained, and thyme oil was used in an amount of 3.5 parts, with all other parameters being kept constant.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example provides a composition for controlling potato black nevus, which was prepared by a method different from example 1 only in the absence of seaweed extract, and in a reduced amount supplemented with water. Other parameters were kept constant.
Test examples
The test is carried out in a mole disease nursery field (sandy soil texture) of Zhangkou agricultural department in Hebei province, 9 districts are respectively treated by different treatment reagents, the area of each district is 5 multiplied by 2m, potato blocks with buds are obtained by accelerating the germination of a commercially available potato V7 variety, and other materials and raw materials have no special instructions and can be obtained from other commercial ways. The test process is as follows:
(1) preparation before sowing: selecting the plots with good drainage, deep soil layer, flat topography and fertile soil quality. 3000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 20 kg of calcium superphosphate and 25 kg of potassium sulfate are applied in each mu of land as base fertilizer, then the land is raked and leveled, and furrows are dug after ridging, and the depth of the furrows is 3-4 cm.
(2) Transplanting: during transplanting, potato seed buds are placed in parallel with the bottoms of the furrows along the direction of the furrows, and then soil is covered. The planting density is about 4500 plants per mu.
(3) And (3) control treatment:
(3.1) examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3 set of treatment regimes: each group of the composition is diluted by 500 times before transplanting, is applied to the furrows in a spraying manner, and can be transplanted immediately after spraying. The dosage of the fertilizer is 500mL per mu.
(3.2) blank group processing mode: no additional processing is performed.
(3.3) azoxystrobin group treatment mode: and diluting the azoxystrobin 1000 times and spraying the diluted azoxystrobin on the periphery of the root system of the potato 15 days after seedling emergence, and continuously using the azoxystrobin for 2 times at intervals of 10 days each time. The dosage of the fertilizer is 80mL per mu.
(3.4) microorganism bacterium agent group treatment mode: uniformly mixing the microbial agent and the base fertilizer, then spreading the mixture on the soil surface, then raking and leveling the soil, and furrowing after ridging. The dosage of the fertilizer is 80kg per mu.
(4) Harvesting and counting:
the statistics of the test results are that 100 potatoes are randomly adopted in the test area, and the evaluation is respectively carried out according to the mole disease incidence rate, the mole disease incidence grading condition and the potato yield:
(4.1) statistics is carried out on the incidence rate of the black nevus disease of each group of potatoes, and the calculation method comprises the following steps: the disease incidence is the number of diseased plants/total number of plants, and the results are shown in table 1, from which the data in table 1 show that: compared with a comparative example, the composition provided by the invention can be used for remarkably preventing and treating the potato black nevus and reducing the incidence of the potato black nevus.
(4.2) statistics of the yield of each group of potatoes are shown in Table 1, and the data in Table 1 show that: the composition according to the invention enables a significant increase in the yield of potatoes compared to the comparative examples.
(4.3) grading the sizes of the subterranean stalk diseased spots of all the groups of potatoes, wherein the grading method comprises the following steps: referring to the standard grading of plant disease grading in the general plant pathology experimental guidance (schwarrior edition, published by scientific publishers), the results are shown in table 2, and can be seen from the data in table 2: after grading according to the size of the lesion of the underground stem, the blank group shows the most serious infection and has more infected plants; the composition group shows that the number of serious infected plants is small, the whole infection degree is low, and the prevention and treatment effect of the composition on the potato black nevus is good.
(4.4) the status of subterranean stalk spots of potatoes in each of the azoxystrobin, microbial inoculum and blank groups of example 1 was observed as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4.
As can be seen from the figure, compared with the blank group, the azoxystrobin group and the microbial agent, the composition has the best effect of preventing and treating the potato black nevus, and has the advantages of light degree of underground stem spots and less distribution.
TABLE 1
Group of Incidence (%) Total weight (kg)
Example 1 35 51.6
Example 2 36 50.1
Example 3 35 49.6
Comparative example 1 47 42.3
Comparative example 2 43 48.8
Comparative example 3 40 47.6
Azoxystrobin group 45 46.7
Microbial agent group 73 47.2
Blank group 75 46.0
TABLE 2
Group of First order (strain) Second grade (strain) Third grade (strain)
Example 1 15 12 8
Example 2 16 11 9
Example 3 14 13 8
Comparative example 1 17 18 12
Comparative example 2 17 16 10
Comparative example 3 13 16 11
Azoxystrobin group 15 18 12
Microbial agent group 25 28 20
Blank group 20 25 30
The applicant states that the invention is illustrated by the above examples to show the composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus, the preparation method and the application thereof, but the invention is not limited by the above examples, that is, the invention is not limited by the above examples. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of the raw materials of the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, however, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical idea of the present invention, and these simple modifications are within the protective scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the various technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction, and the invention is not described in any way for the possible combinations in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.

Claims (10)

1. The composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 0.5-10 parts of thyme oil, 0.1-0.5 part of eugenol, 5-15 parts of nitrogen element, 0.1-0.8 part of trace element, 15-25 parts of seaweed extract and 5-10 parts of emulsifier.
2. The composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus of claim 1, wherein the nitrogen is derived from a combination of any two or three of ammonium nitrate, urea or ammonium sulfate.
3. The composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the nitrogen element comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-4 parts of ammonium nitrogen, 2-5 parts of nitrate nitrogen and 1-4 parts of amide nitrogen.
4. The composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the trace elements comprise any one or a combination of at least two of iron, manganese or zinc, preferably a combination of iron, manganese and zinc;
preferably, the trace elements comprise, in parts by weight: 0.1-0.5 part of iron, 0.03-0.05 part of manganese and 0.03-0.05 part of zinc;
preferably, the iron, manganese and zinc are derived from chelated iron fertilizer, chelated manganese fertilizer and chelated zinc fertilizer, respectively.
5. The composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, wherein the seaweed extract is prepared by a preparation method comprising the following steps:
drying and crushing seaweed, mixing the seaweed with water, sterilizing and cooling the mixture to be used as a fermentation substrate;
and (II) adding saccharomycete strain into the fermentation substrate, fermenting, and filtering to obtain the seaweed extract.
6. The composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus according to claim 5, wherein the drying is carried out at 50-70 ℃;
preferably, the pulverization is carried out to a particle size of 0.05-0.2 mm;
preferably, the mass ratio of the crushed powder to the water is 1 (10-30);
preferably, the addition amount of the yeast strain is 0.1 percent, and the viable count is not less than 300 hundred million/g;
preferably, the fermentation temperature is 28-32 ℃, and the fermentation time is 30-42 h;
preferably, the seaweed comprises any one or a combination of at least two of gulfweed, Ascophyllum nodosum, Macrocystis japonica, kelp or Undaria pinnatifida.
7. The preparation method of the composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the preparation method comprises:
(1) mixing any two or three of ammonium nitrate, urea or ammonium sulfate with the seaweed extract and water, and homogenizing to obtain a transparent solution;
(2) mixing the transparent solution obtained in the step (1) with a chelated iron fertilizer, a chelated manganese fertilizer and a chelated zinc fertilizer, and stirring until all substances are dissolved;
(3) and (3) mixing and stirring the product obtained in the step (2) with thyme oil, eugenol and an emulsifier to obtain an emulsion product.
8. The method for preparing a composition for the prevention and treatment of potato black scurf according to claim 7, wherein the homogenizing of step (1) is carried out at 40-60 ℃;
preferably, the stirring of step (2) is carried out at 40-60 ℃;
preferably, the stirring of step (3) is carried out at 20-40 ℃.
9. Use of the composition for controlling potato black rot according to any one of claims 1 to 6 for controlling potato black rot and increasing potato yield.
10. The application of claim 9, wherein the method of applying is:
before transplanting, the composition is diluted and sprayed on potato ridges, and the potato ridges can be transplanted immediately after spraying; or after 15 days of seedling emergence, diluting and spraying the composition around the root system of the potato, and continuously applying for 2-3 times with 10 days interval each time;
preferably, the amount of thyme oil per acre of composition applied is 2.5-50 g; the dosage of eugenol is 0.5-2.5g per mu.
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