CN114369420B - 柔性电加热除雾光学膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
柔性电加热除雾光学膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种柔性电加热除雾光学膜包括相互层叠的第一透明基膜、第二透明基膜、第一透明导电底涂层、第二透明导电底涂层、透明电加热层、压敏胶层和离型膜,第一透明基膜的一侧形成第一透明导电底涂层,第二透明基膜与第一透明导电底涂层相对的一侧形成第二透明导电底涂层,第一透明导电底涂层和第二透明导电底涂层之间具有透明电加热层,第二透明基膜的另一侧形成压敏胶层,压敏胶层上黏附离型膜。该柔性电加热除雾光学膜的透明性和导电性好、制作工艺简单、节省成本。本发明还提供了一种柔性电加热除雾光学膜的制备方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子复合材料领域,具体涉及一种柔性电加热除雾光学膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
在日常生活中,人们会经常遇到因温差造成的起雾现象,比如浴室镜子、汽车车窗、眼镜、橱窗等场景均常发生起雾现象;在起雾情况下,会降低人们视线清晰度,轻则带来体验感不便,重则可能会有安全危险。为了解决此类问题,人们提出了许多解决方案。最简单的方法就是在起雾基材(一般为玻璃或透明塑胶)上涂“肥皂水”(表面活性剂),可以在短时间内(几个小时)起到防雾效果;还有的是在基材上涂水性防雾涂料或UV固化防雾涂料等,可以达到一个月左右的防雾效果;但这两种基于亲水涂层体系的技术方案都实现不了永久防雾的目标。
为了实现永久防雾,通常有两种技术路线:第一种是在基材表面构筑微纳结构,即仿“荷叶效应”的超疏水表面,实现疏水型永久防雾,但这种方案造价较高,还不能大批量生产;第二种是在基材中间或者背面布置电阻丝,用通电加热的方式升温除雾,目前在酒店浴室镜和汽车后视镜上已经有相关应用。但是由于造价昂贵、安装修理不便、透光条件下不美观等诸多因素,第二种方案仍然没有得到更大范围推广应用。
柔性透明电加热除雾光学膜亦是解决永久防雾问题的办法。专利CN107326415B、CN110944418A、CN 106082700 B和CN106082701B采用的方法是在薄膜上沉积金属导电层和金属氧化物介电层,这种方法考虑到除雾性能,制备过程要用到磁控溅射工艺,成本较高,且透明性较低。专利CN104883760B和CN105517215B采用的方法是把石墨烯或碳纳米管导电层直接用UV胶粘在薄膜上,这种方法要设置电极汇流条,结构和工艺流程非常复杂,成本很高。专利CN106941736A采用的方法是将石墨烯做成分散液,涂在薄膜上,这种方法工艺简单,但是电加热稳定性很差、寿命很差,实际制备可行性不高。专利CN107995704A和CN110536492A采用的方法是将石墨烯为主要成分的导电材料与胶粘剂混合、涂在薄膜上,这种方法实际制备可行性最高,但是公开的专利各层结构设计没有经过优化,无法实现透明性。
因此,开发一种透明性和导电性好且制作工艺简单的柔性电加热除雾光学膜及其制备方法势在必行。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种透明性和导电性好且制作工艺简单的柔性电加热除雾光学膜及其制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种柔性电加热除雾光学膜,包括相互层叠的第一透明基膜、第二透明基膜、第一透明导电底涂层、第二透明导电底涂层、透明电加热层、压敏胶层和离型膜,第一透明基膜的一侧形成第一透明导电底涂层,第二透明基膜与第一透明导电底涂层相对的一侧形成第二透明导电底涂层,第一透明导电底涂层和第二透明导电底涂层之间具有透明电加热层,第二透明基膜的另一侧形成压敏胶层,压敏胶层上黏附离型膜。
较佳地,柔性电加热除雾光学膜还包括分别设置于第一透明导电底涂层和第二透明导电底涂层上的电极极耳。
较佳地,第一透明基膜另一侧具有保护层,保护层的厚度为3~8μm。
较佳地,第一透明基膜和第二透明基膜选自PET膜或TPU膜,第一透明基膜和第二透明基膜的厚度为25~100μm;第一透明导电底涂层和第二透明导电底涂层通过UV光固化导电涂料制得,第一透明导电底涂层和第二透明导电底涂层的厚度为2~5μm;透明电加热层通过透明电加热复合胶制得,透明电加热层厚度为40~100μm;压敏胶层通过油性丙烯酸压敏胶制得,压敏胶层的厚度15~35μm。
较佳地,透明电加热复合胶包括水性树脂粘合剂、水性导电材料、多壁碳纳米管和氧化石墨烯。
较佳地,水性树脂粘合剂为水性聚氨酯、水性丙烯酸酯或醋酸乙烯-乙烯共聚物乳液(VAE乳液),水性导电材料为聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸盐(PEDOT:PSS)。
本发明还提供了一种上述柔性电加热除雾光学膜的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)准备第一透明基膜和第二透明基膜,分别在第一透明基膜和第二透明基膜表面涂覆透明导电底涂,烘干,在第一透明基膜和第二透明基膜表面分别形成第一透明导电底涂层和第二透明导电底涂层,收卷得第一卷材A和第二卷材A;
(2)取第一卷材A和第二卷材A,于第一透明导电底涂层和第二透明导电底涂层表面分别涂覆透明电加热层,烘干,收卷得第一卷材B和第二卷材B;
(3)取第一卷材B和第二卷材B,将第一卷材B的透明电加热层和第二卷材B的透明电加热层对贴,收卷得卷材C;
(4)于卷材C的其中一侧涂覆压敏胶,烘干,形成压敏胶层,压敏胶层上贴合离型膜,收卷得卷材D,切割卷材D得到柔性电加热除雾光学膜。
较佳地,柔性电加热除雾光学膜的制备方法的步骤(4)中还包括切割卷材D前于卷材D与离型膜相对的一侧涂覆UV光固化涂料,形成保护层的步骤。
较佳地,柔性电加热除雾光学膜的制备方法的步骤(4)中还包括于卷材D上安装电极极耳的步骤。
较佳地,柔性电加热除雾光学膜的制备方法的步骤(1)中收卷前沿第一透明导电底涂层和第二透明导电底涂层表面边缘粘贴保护胶带,保护胶带的厚度小于透明电加热层的厚度,保护胶带的宽度为20~30mm,厚度为6~12μm,180°剥离强度为0.01~0.08N/25mm。
较佳地,柔性电加热除雾光学膜的制备方法的步骤(1)中在80℃~120℃的多节式烘箱中烘干,机速为15~25m/min,再通过UV光照射,波长为280~420nm,能量为400~1000mj/cm2;步骤(2)中在85℃~120℃的多节式烘箱中烘干,机速为10~25m/min;步骤(4)中在85℃~120℃的多节式烘箱中烘干,机速为15~28m/min。
较佳地,在步骤(2)中,收卷前透明电加热层上贴合离型膜。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下效果:
(1)在整个制膜过程中,仅仅用到涂布和模切工艺,工艺简单。
(2)整体结构设计、工艺流程设计,科学合理,特别是电极极耳的布置,考虑周到。
(3)光学膜中使用的电加热复合胶和导电底涂,充分考虑了电加热除雾光学膜的实用场景,同时兼顾到透明性、柔性、导电性、涂覆性。
附图说明
图1为柔性电加热除雾光学膜的正视图。
图2为柔性电加热除雾光学膜的侧视图。
图3为第一卷材A的正视图。
图4为第一卷材B的侧视图。
图5为卷材C的侧视图。
图6为卷材D的侧视图。
图7为具有保护层的卷材D的侧视图。
图8为具有保护层的卷材D在切割缺口A状态下的侧视图。
图9为具有保护层的卷材D在切割缺口B状态下的侧视图。
具体实施方式
为更好地说明本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果,下面将结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。需说明的是,下述实施方法是对本发明做的进一步解释说明,不应当作为对本发明的限制。
如图1-2,本发明的柔性电加热除雾光学膜100,依次包括层叠的保护层1、第一透明基膜2、第一透明导电底涂层3、透明电加热层4、第二透明导电底涂层5、第二透明基膜6、压敏胶层7和离型膜11。第一透明基膜2的一侧形成第一透明导电底涂层3,第一透明基膜2的另一侧具有保护层1;第二透明基膜6与第一透明导电底涂层3相对的一侧形成第二透明导电底涂层5,第一透明导电底涂层3和第二透明导电底涂层5之间具有透明电加热层4,第二透明基膜6的另一侧形成压敏胶层7,压敏胶层7上黏附离型膜11。较佳地,柔性电加热除雾光学膜100还包括分别设置于第一透明导电底涂层3和第二透明导电底涂层5上的电极极耳10。
较佳地,第一透明基膜2和第二透明基膜6选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)膜或热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)膜。PET膜透明度高,延展率低,耐候性、耐温性、耐黄变性和拉伸强度都较好,是理想的透明基膜。TPU膜韧性、柔软性好。第一透明基膜2和第二透明基膜6的厚度为25~100μm。可以理解的,第一透明基膜2和第二透明基膜6两者的厚度或材料可相同或不同,在本实施例中,第一透明基膜2和第二透明基膜6为同一种膜。具体地,第一透明导电底涂层3和第二透明导电底涂层5通过UV光固化导电涂料制得,第一透明导电底涂层3和第二透明导电底涂层5的厚度为2~5μm,实现高导电性、高透明性以及高涂覆牢度。第一透明导电底涂层3和第二透明导电底涂层5两者的厚度或材料可相同或不同,在本实施例中第一透明导电底涂层3和第二透明导电底涂层5为同一种涂层。
具体地,UV光固化导电涂料可以采用如下方式制得,但不限于此方法。首先制得一种UV导电预聚体,制备方法包括步骤:在氮气保护下,将乙二醇和3-噻吩甲酸按摩尔比1∶1相混合于反应釜中,常温下开启搅拌,将相当于反应物总质量1-3%的对甲基苯磺酸溶在N-甲基吡咯烷酮中,配成浓度为1%的催化剂溶液,将催化剂溶液滴加到反应釜中,30~60min中滴加完毕,再升温至110~150℃,开启冷凝回流装置,搅拌反应6~8h。反应过程中醇酸缩合生成的水,与溶剂形成共沸物,通过冷凝回流过程,溶剂蒸发带出水,经过分水器的油水分离后,溶剂重新流回反应釜,反应结束,制得树脂预聚体;将异氰酸酯甲基丙烯酸乙酯加入至树脂预聚体中,异氰酸酯甲基丙烯酸乙酯与树脂预聚体按摩尔比1∶1加入,反应温度设定在70~80℃,再先后滴加有机锡催化剂溶液(浓度为0.05%)和对羟基苯甲醚溶液(浓度为1%),溶剂为N-甲基吡咯烷酮,其中有机锡催化剂用量与单体中异氰酸酯摩尔比为0.05~0.1%,阻聚剂用量与单体中丙烯酸双键摩尔比为0.1~0.5%,总滴加时间为3h,再反应5~6h,制得UV导电预聚体。UV光固化导电涂料制备原料包括上述UV导电预聚体100份、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)和1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯(HDDA)20份、纳米银线0.5份、1173光引发剂2份、BYK-333流平剂1份、BYK-105分散剂1份、乙酸乙酯50份,将制备原料混合搅拌均匀,经滤芯过滤制得UV光固化导电涂料。
具体地,透明电加热层4通过透明电加热复合胶制得,透明电加热层4厚度为40~100μm。较佳地,透明电加热复合胶的制备材料包括水性树脂粘合剂、水性导电材料、多壁碳纳米管和氧化石墨烯。较佳地,主体成分水性树脂粘合剂为水性聚氨酯、水性丙烯酸酯或醋酸乙烯-乙烯共聚物乳液(VAE乳液),在水性树脂粘合剂中加入水性导电材料,水性导电材料为聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸盐(PEDOT:PSS),为了提高体系电导率,加入少量多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)和氧化石墨烯(GO),形成导电通路,整体添加量为0.1~0.5%;如果多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)和氧化石墨烯(GO)的含量高于0.5%,整个光学膜的透光率会下降到80%以下,影响到视线,不再具有透明性;如果多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)和氧化石墨烯(GO)的含量低于0.1%,该透明电加热层的导电性变差,除雾时间延长到几分钟,使用的体验感变差。具体地,压敏胶层7通过油性丙烯酸压敏胶制得,压敏胶层7的厚度15~35μm。丙烯酸压敏胶可实现较高的光学透明度,具体地可实现透光率>92%、雾度<1%,其耐老化、耐黄变性好。丙烯酸压敏胶的180°剥离强度在15N/25mm以上,能够保证膜材对玻璃的粘结力。本实施例中,压敏胶选自日本迪爱生(DIC)的CT-6030型号产品,但不限于此。较佳地,第一透明基膜2另一侧具有保护层1,保护层1的厚度为3~8μm,保护层1由UV光固化涂料固化后形成,保护层1表面硬度达到2~3H,耐磨耐刮,对膜材表面能够起到很好的保护作用,防止经常擦拭导致膜损坏,延长使用寿命。本实施例中,UV光固化涂料选用邦固化学的UV-4000型号产品,但不限于此。
本发明的柔性电加热除雾光学膜100的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)准备第一透明基膜2和第二透明基膜6,用微凹涂布机分别在第一透明基膜2和第二透明基膜6表面上涂覆透明导电底涂,控制涂布宽度,烘干,在第一透明基膜2和第二透明基膜6表面分别形成第一透明导电底涂层3和第二透明导电底涂层5,沿第一透明导电底涂层3和第二透明导电底涂层5表面边缘粘贴保护胶带9,收卷得第一卷材A和第二卷材A,请参考图3;
(2)取第一卷材A和第二卷材A,用刮刀涂布机或者狭缝式涂布机在第一透明导电底涂层3和第二透明导电底涂层5表面分别涂覆透明电加热复合胶,烘干形成透明电加热层4,透明电加热层4上贴合分离膜8,收卷得第一卷材B和第二卷材B,请参考图4;
(3)取第一卷材B和第二卷材B,去除透明电加热层4上贴合的分离膜8,将第一卷材B的透明电加热层4和第二卷材B的透明电加热层4对贴、复合,收卷得卷材C,请参考图5;
(4)用刮刀涂布机或者狭缝式涂布机于卷材C的其中一侧涂覆压敏胶,烘干,形成压敏胶层7,压敏胶层7上贴合离型膜11,收卷得卷材D,如图6,在卷材D与离型膜11相对的一侧涂覆UV光固化涂料,烘干,如图7形成保护层1,切割,得到柔性电加热除雾光学膜100。
住的注意的是,图3中以第一卷材A为例,在本实施例中第一卷材A和第二卷材A相同,图4中以第一卷材B为例,在本实施例中第一卷材B和第二卷材B相同。较佳地,步骤(4)还包括于卷材D上安装电极极耳10的步骤。切割具有保护层1的卷材D:将卷材D按照柔性电加热除雾光学膜100的宽度,等距离,切成膜。安装电极极耳10:使用数控定位模切机,对膜的侧边进行切割,分别从顶部和底部切开一个缺口,分别为缺口A和缺口B;缺口A或缺口B长度等于保护胶带9的宽度,缺口A或缺口B宽度等于电极极耳10的宽度,设置为3~10mm,两个缺口的位置及相隔距离不限;如图8,缺口A从保护层1向下切切至第二透明导电底涂层5的上方,切割位置及方向参考图8中箭头A,缺口A的深度为保护层1的上表面至第二透明导电底涂层5的上表面之间的垂直距离,即距离H1。如图9,缺口B从离型膜11向上切至第一透明导电底涂层3的下方,切割位置及方向参考图9中箭头B,缺口B的深度为离型膜11的下表面至第一透明导电底涂层3的下表面之间的垂直距离,即距离H2,分别把缺口A和缺口B的导电底涂层裸露;在缺口A和缺口B处,分别安装电极极耳10,安装后的状态如图1。电极极耳10与第一透明导电底涂层3和第二透明导电底涂层5之间可以通过导电胶粘接。另外,电极极耳10通过导线连接外加电源及控制开关。另外,电源电压不能太高(3~12V),否则会烧毁薄膜。柔性电加热除雾光学膜100外边缘通过绝缘胶带或绝缘涂层密封,防止电能外漏。绝缘胶带可选PI胶带,绝缘涂层可选三防漆。
较佳地,保护胶带9的厚度小于透明电加热层4的厚度,保护胶带9的宽度为20~30mm,厚度为6~12μm,180°剥离强度为0.01~0.08N/25mm。较佳地,柔性电加热除雾光学膜100的制备方法的步骤(1)中在80℃~120℃的多节式烘箱中烘干,机速为15~25m/min,再通过UV光照射,波长为280~420nm,能量为400~1000mj/cm2;步骤(2)中在85℃~120℃的多节式烘箱中烘干,机速为10~25m/min;步骤(4)中,压敏胶的烘干在85℃~120℃的多节式烘箱中烘干,机速为15~28m/min;UV光固化涂料的烘干在80℃~120℃多节式烘箱中烘干,溶剂挥发后,再通过UV灯照射,波长为280~395nm,能量为200~400mj/cm2,机速为15~25m/min。
测试柔性电加热除雾光学膜的透光率和雾度,测试标准为GB/T 2410-2008,透光率80~85%,雾度为2~4%。测试除雾的效率,把柔性电加热除雾光学膜放在起雾的场景中,打开开关,在电压6V的情况下,10s左右即可除雾。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下效果:
(1)在整个制膜过程中,仅仅用到涂布和模切工艺,工艺简单。
(2)整体结构设计、工艺流程设计,科学合理,特别是电极极耳的布置,考虑周到。
(3)光学膜中使用的电加热复合胶和导电底涂,充分考虑了电加热除雾光学膜的实用场景,同时兼顾到透明性、柔性、导电性、涂覆性。
最后应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种柔性电加热除雾光学膜,其特征在于,包括相互层叠的第一透明基膜、第二透明基膜、第一透明导电底涂层、第二透明导电底涂层、透明电加热层、压敏胶层和离型膜,所述第一透明基膜的一侧形成所述第一透明导电底涂层,所述第二透明基膜与所述第一透明导电底涂层相对的一侧形成所述第二透明导电底涂层,所述第一透明导电底涂层和所述第二透明导电底涂层之间具有所述透明电加热层,所述第二透明基膜的另一侧形成所述压敏胶层,所述压敏胶层上黏附所述离型膜,所述透明电加热层通过透明电加热复合胶制得,所述透明电加热复合胶包括水性树脂粘合剂、水性导电材料、多壁碳纳米管和氧化石墨烯,所述第一透明导电底涂层和第二透明导电底涂层通过UV光固化导电涂料制得,所述UV光固化导电涂料的制备原料包括UV导电预聚体、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯和1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯、纳米银线、1173光引发剂、BYK-333流平剂、BYK-105分散剂、乙酸乙酯,所述UV导电预聚体的制备方法包括步骤,
S1于保护气氛下,将乙二醇、3-噻吩甲酸和甲基苯磺酸的N-甲基吡咯烷酮溶液于一定条件下搅拌反应一定时间得到树脂预聚体;
S2将异氰酸酯甲基丙烯酸乙酯、树脂预聚体、有机锡催化剂溶液和对羟基苯甲醚溶液置于盛有N-甲基吡咯烷酮的反应釜中于一定条件下反应一定时间制得UV导电预聚体。
2.如权利要求1所述的柔性电加热除雾光学膜,其特征在于,还包括分别设置于所述第一透明导电底涂层和第二透明导电底涂层上的电极极耳。
3.如权利要求1所述的柔性电加热除雾光学膜,其特征在于,所述第一透明基膜另一侧具有保护层,所述保护层的厚度为3~8μm。
4.如权利要求1所述的柔性电加热除雾光学膜,其特征在于,所述第一透明基膜和第二透明基膜选自PET膜或TPU膜,所述第一透明基膜和第二透明基膜的厚度为25~100μm;所述第一透明导电底涂层和第二透明导电底涂层的厚度为2~5μm;所述透明电加热层厚度为40~100μm;所述压敏胶层通过油性丙烯酸压敏胶制得,所述压敏胶层的厚度15~35μm。
5.一种如权利要求1-4任一项所述的柔性电加热除雾光学膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)准备第一透明基膜和第二透明基膜,分别在所述第一透明基膜和第二透明基膜表面涂覆透明导电底涂,烘干,在所述第一透明基膜和第二透明基膜表面分别形成第一透明导电底涂层和第二透明导电底涂层,收卷得第一卷材A和第二卷材A;
(2)取所述第一卷材A和第二卷材A,于所述第一透明导电底涂层和第二透明导电底涂层表面分别涂覆透明电加热层,烘干,收卷得第一卷材B和第二卷材B;
(3)取所述第一卷材B和第二卷材B,将所述第一卷材B的透明电加热层和所述第二卷材B的透明电加热层对贴,收卷得卷材C;
(4)于所述卷材C的其中一侧涂覆压敏胶,烘干,形成压敏胶层,所述压敏胶层上贴合离型膜,收卷得卷材D,切割所述卷材D得到柔性电加热除雾光学膜。
6.如权利要求5所述的柔性电加热除雾光学膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中还包括切割卷材D前于卷材D与离型膜相对的一侧涂覆UV光固化涂料,形成保护层的步骤。
7.如权利要求5所述的柔性电加热除雾光学膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中还包括于所述卷材D上安装电极极耳的步骤。
8.如权利要求7所述的柔性电加热除雾光学膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中收卷前沿所述第一透明导电底涂层和第二透明导电底涂层表面边缘粘贴保护胶带,所述保护胶带的宽度为20~30mm,厚度为6~12μm,180°剥离强度为0.01~0.08N/25mm。
9.如权利要求7所述的柔性电加热除雾光学膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中在80℃~120℃的多节式烘箱中烘干,机速为15~25m/min,再通过UV光照射,波长为280~420nm,能量为400~1000mj/cm2;步骤(2)中在85℃~120℃的多节式烘箱中烘干,机速为10~25m/min;步骤(4)中在85℃~120℃的多节式烘箱中烘干,机速为15~28m/min。
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