CN114366788B - 一种除螨组合物及其制备工艺 - Google Patents
一种除螨组合物及其制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114366788B CN114366788B CN202210031984.4A CN202210031984A CN114366788B CN 114366788 B CN114366788 B CN 114366788B CN 202210031984 A CN202210031984 A CN 202210031984A CN 114366788 B CN114366788 B CN 114366788B
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种除螨组合物,包括丁香精油、藿香精油、百部精油、肉桂精油、茶树精油、青蒿精油、艾叶精油、蒲公英精油的重量比为10:10:8:5:4:1:1:1的基础液后,每百毫升组合物中含有0.5mL基础液及4mL微乳剂及1mL微乳助剂以及0.5g的缓释成分,余量为水,使用草本植物作为制作原料,可直接喷洒在除螨部位,可以去除掉大多数螨虫的过敏原,对皮肤刺激小,不会影响人体健康,同时降低对环境的污染,具有环保性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及除螨技术领域,尤其涉及一种去除螨虫的组合物及其制备工艺。
背景技术
螨虫属于节肢动物门蛛形纲广腹亚纲的一类体型微小的动物,现发现螨虫与人的健康关系非常密切,诸如革螨、恙螨、疥螨、蠕螨、粉螨、尘螨和蒲螨等可叮人吸血、侵害皮肤,引起“酒糟鼻”或蠕螨症、过敏症、尿路螨症、肺螨症、肠螨症和疥疮,严重危害人类的身体健康。
在我们生活的空间中,难免会接触到螨虫,如一些衣物、床单、被套、枕套以及宠物身上都会有螨虫类微生物。为了避免螨虫对人体的危害,除螨喷雾剂应运而生,除螨喷雾剂可以直接喷涂在织物、器皿或皮肤表面以杀灭螨虫。
公开号为CN107418796A专利申请,公开了一种除螨虫皂液,该除螨虫皂液由以下重量份原料制成:皂基2-6份、茶皂素2-6份、过硼酸钠1-3份、碳酸钠1-3份、焦磷酸四钾1-3份、香精4-12份、小麦蛋白2-6份、山梨醇2-4份、棕榈油酸盐1-3份、羧甲基纤维素2-6份、嘧螨胺2-6份、哒螨灵2-6份、增白剂3-9份、漂白剂2-6份。该发明制备的除螨虫皂液,不仅去污能力强、易漂洗更温和,还可以有效地杀灭螨虫。
而该申请中所公开的混合液中添加了增白剂、漂白剂,而漂白剂的主要成分是次氯酸钠,会有氯气产生,在使用的过程中会损害人体的呼吸器官,会产生不适感,对皮肤也有害,特别是在对宠物使用的时候,会对宠物产生一定伤害,并不安全。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中在进行除螨操作的时候会对人体及宠物产生伤害的不足,提供一种除螨组合物及其制备工艺。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:一种除螨组合物,包括丁香精油、藿香精油、百部精油、肉桂精油、茶树精油、青蒿精油、艾叶精油、蒲公英精油的重量比为10:10:8:5:4:1:1:1的基础液,每百毫升组合物中含有0.5mL基础液及5mL液体乳化剂或5mL液体乳化剂加0.5g粉末状缓释剂,余量为水。
进一步地,所述液体乳化剂为4mL微乳剂农乳601及1mL微乳助剂正丁醇。
进一步地,所述液体乳化剂为4mL微乳剂农乳601及1mL微乳助剂正丁醇,所述0.5g粉末状缓释剂为PVP-K30缓释剂。
进一步地,所述水为去离子水。
其中普通型除螨组合物的制备工艺步骤如下:
步骤一:将丁香精油、藿香精油、百部精油、肉桂精油、茶树精油、青蒿精油、艾叶精油、蒲公英精油按照重量比为10:10:8:5:4:1:1:1在反应容器内进行混合,常温进行搅拌15-20分钟,搅拌速度为100rpm,然后静止5-10分钟等溶液表面上的气泡溶解,得到基础液A液;A液作为基础液搅拌过后使得各个精油处初步混合,便于下一步的制备,使用重量比配备,便于大批量的配置制备,便于生产。
步骤二:将A液、农乳601、正丁醇按照体积比为1:8:2的比例在反应容器中常温混合,得到B液;将乳化剂与A液混合后使得各种精油的混合程度更好,便于后续的加工,提高混合效果。
步骤三:将B液与去离子水按照11:189混合,将去离子水常温下缓慢加入到反应容器中,边加入边搅拌,待完全加入后继续搅拌15-20分钟,静置得到除螨组合物。在B液中加入去离子水使得B液不会存在容器上造成的误差,提高精确度,在加入的过程中进行搅拌使得混合的更加彻底,得到的组合物成分分布的也更加均匀。
长效型的除螨组合物的制备工艺步骤如下:
步骤一:将丁香精油、藿香精油、百部精油、肉桂精油、茶树精油、青蒿精油、艾叶精油、蒲公英精油按照重量比为10:10:8:5:4:1:1:1在反应容器内进行混合,常温进行搅拌15-20分钟,搅拌速度为100rpm,然后静止5-10分钟等溶液表面上的气泡溶解,得到基础液A液;
步骤二:将A液、农乳601、正丁醇按照体积比为1:8:2的比例在反应容器中常温混合,得到B液;
步骤三:每百毫升组合物中,先去5.5mLB液先加入50mL去离子水进行溶解,在继续搅拌的过程中加入0.5g的PVP-K30缓释剂,搅拌10分钟充分溶解后,再继续搅拌加入44mL去离子水定容,常温下充分搅拌后得到除螨组合物。
本发明的有益效果在于:
选取对螨虫具有杀灭作用的藿香精油、丁香精油、百部精油、肉桂精油、茶树精油、青蒿精油、艾叶精油、蒲公英精油等为有效成分,其中茶树、百部、艾叶、青蒿不仅具有杀螨功效,且具有芳香味,可以改善整体复方精油的气味,增加人和动物的接受度。该复合精油复配以农乳601及正丁醇,可以使精油成分均匀分散于水中形成透明的微乳液,避免了因酒精等刺激性溶剂的使用而造成对皮肤的刺激。制剂中加入的缓释成分PVP K30,喷在物体待溶剂挥发后会在其表面形成一层微小的薄膜,进而延缓有效成分的流失,达到持久杀螨的作用,具有杀螨力强、持效期长、安全性高、成本低廉、使用方便的特点。
具体实施方式
下面将结合发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
在进行选材时根据的文献有《中国人兽共患病学报告》中的“不同提取方法对丁香精油体外杀螨效果的影响”,《农学学报2013年03期》中的“百部根中提取物对朱砂叶螨触杀活性的测定”,《山西农业大学学报》中的“藿香与肉桂植物精油对朱砂叶螨的生物活性”,论文《蒲公英提取物体外抗毛囊蠕形螨活性及皮肤安全性的实验研究》和《疥螨对新药的敏感性研究和遗传多样性分析》和《复方茶树油杀螨纳米乳的研究》,2006年6月第17卷第3期《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》“艾叶粗提物体外杀螨作用的实验研究”,“青蒿粗提物对朱砂叶螨生物活性的初步研究”。
本实施例提供一种除螨组合物其中包括丁香精油、藿香精油、百部精油、肉桂精油、茶树精油、青蒿精油、艾叶精油、蒲公英精油等草本植物作为制作原料,在制作的过程中减少了有害物质的残留,减少工业废料的产生,在使用的过程中减少了对皮肤的刺激。
通过不同实施例对普通型组合物和长效性组合物的效果进行公开:
在普通型的组合物中,每100mL组合物中含有4mL的农乳601及1mL的正丁醇的乳化剂,还有94.5mL的去离子水,其余的为丁香精油、藿香精油、百部精油、肉桂精油、茶树精油、青蒿精油、艾叶精油、蒲公英精油按照重量比为10:10:8:5:4:1:1:1的混合液。
在长效性的组合物中,每100mL组合物中含有4mL的农乳601、1mL的正丁醇的液体乳化剂和0.5g的PVP-K30的粉末状缓释剂,还有94mL的去离子水,其余为丁香精油、藿香精油、百部精油、肉桂精油、茶树精油、青蒿精油、艾叶精油、蒲公英精油按照重量比为10:10:8:5:4:1:1:1的混合液。
两者的效果主要区别在持续的除螨效果的时间长短上,加入PVP-K30缓释剂的除螨组合物比不添加的药效时间长。
在对各种精油的除螨效果检验时,可以采用如下实验方法:
尘螨杀灭实验:
试验所用的尘螨采购于中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病研究所,装于带有湿棉球的50mL试管中放置,温度保持在25±1℃,湿度为75±5%,全黑暗环境中保存。螨虫采集前后未接触任何已知杀螨药物或药剂。
供试药物及试剂来源、规格、含量表
以上使用的丁香微乳液、藿香微乳液、百部微乳液、蒲公英微乳液、肉桂微乳液、茶树微乳液、青蒿微乳液、艾叶微乳液均采购安奈品牌的产品。
试验方法:
本试验作用方式为“熏蒸+触杀”。将101滤纸裁剪成直径44mm的圆,在相应处理组中浸泡(每个处理组3个重复,对照组使用用蒸馏水浸泡)10min后均取出,取出后滤纸片在室温(23±2℃)下自然风干5min后将圆形滤纸片放入25mL称量瓶的顶盖处进行试验(顶盖直径45mm),选取尘螨成螨20只一并放入瓶中,盖紧盖子,底部朝上置于25±2℃、湿度为75%-85%、全黑暗环境中保存24h。24h后移出称量瓶内所有螨虫(取出尘螨的同时放入新一批尘螨供次日观察),双目体视显微镜下观察螨虫活动情况等存活状态;用毛发针轻触螨体,螨虫肢体不动者视其为死亡,并计算死亡率,每天测定一次。
得到的对比实验结果如下表(其中复合微乳液与复合长效微乳液的成分比例含量相同区别仅在于复合长效微乳液中添加有PVP-K30缓释剂:
不同处理组不同时间下尘螨平均死亡率变化
实施例1
每100mL复合微乳液中含有4mL的农乳601、1mL的正丁醇,还有94.5mL的去离子水,其余为丁香精油、藿香精油、百部精油、肉桂精油、茶树精油、青蒿精油、艾叶精油、蒲公英精油按照重量比为1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1的混合液。
每100mL复合长效微乳液中含有4mL的农乳601、1mL的正丁醇和0.5g的PVP-K30,还有94mL的去离子水,其余为丁香精油、藿香精油、百部精油、肉桂精油、茶树精油、青蒿精油、艾叶精油、蒲公英精油按照重量比为1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1的混合液。
表1 实施例1普通型和长效型及单方精油微乳液在7d内杀螨活性变化
实施例2
每100mL复合微乳液中含有4mL的农乳601、1mL的正丁醇,还有94.5mL的去离子水,其余为丁香精油、藿香精油、百部精油、肉桂精油、茶树精油、青蒿精油、艾叶精油、蒲公英精油按照重量比为1:1:9:8:9:4:3:5的混合液。
每100mL复合长效微乳液中含有4mL的农乳601、1mL的正丁醇和0.5g的PVP-K30,还有94mL的去离子水,其余为丁香精油、藿香精油、百部精油、肉桂精油、茶树精油、青蒿精油、艾叶精油、蒲公英精油按照重量比为1:1:9:8:9:4:3:5的混合液。
表2 实施例2普通型和长效型及单方精油微乳液在7d内杀螨活性变化
实施例3
每100mL复合微乳液中含有4mL的农乳601、1mL的正丁醇,还有94.5mL的去离子水,其余为丁香精油、藿香精油、百部精油、肉桂精油、茶树精油、青蒿精油、艾叶精油、蒲公英精油按照重量比为2:2:2:5:6:4:9:10的混合液。
每100mL复合长效微乳液中含有4mL的农乳601、1mL的正丁醇和0.5g的PVP-K30,还有94mL的去离子水,其余为丁香精油、藿香精油、百部精油、肉桂精油、茶树精油、青蒿精油、艾叶精油、蒲公英精油按照重量比为2:2:2:5:6:4:9:10的混合液。
表3 实施例3普通型和长效型及单方精油微乳液在7d内杀螨活性变化
实施例4
每100mL复合微乳液中含有4mL的农乳601、1mL的正丁醇,还有94.5mL的去离子水,其余为丁香精油、藿香精油、百部精油、肉桂精油、茶树精油、青蒿精油、艾叶精油、蒲公英精油按照重量比为2:3:7:2:3:7:8:8的混合液。
每100mL复合长效微乳液中含有4mL的农乳601、1mL的正丁醇和0.5g的PVP-K30,还有94mL的去离子水,其余为丁香精油、藿香精油、百部精油、肉桂精油、茶树精油、青蒿精油、艾叶精油、蒲公英精油按照重量比为2:3:7:2:3:7:8:8的混合液。
表4 实施例4普通型和长效型及单方精油微乳液在7d内杀螨活性变化
实施例5
每100mL复合微乳液中含有4mL的农乳601、1mL的正丁醇,还有94.5mL的去离子水,其余为丁香精油、藿香精油、百部精油、肉桂精油、茶树精油、青蒿精油、艾叶精油、蒲公英精油按照重量比为5:5:8:5:4:4:8:1的混合液。
每100mL复合长效微乳液中含有4mL的农乳601、1mL的正丁醇和0.5g的PVP-K30,还有94mL的去离子水,其余为丁香精油、藿香精油、百部精油、肉桂精油、茶树精油、青蒿精油、艾叶精油、蒲公英精油按照重量比为5:5:8:5:4:4:8:1的混合液。
表5 实施例5普通型和长效型及单方精油微乳液在7d内杀螨活性变化
实施例6
每100mL复合微乳液中含有4mL的农乳601、1mL的正丁醇,还有94.5mL的去离子水,其余为丁香精油、藿香精油、百部精油、肉桂精油、茶树精油、青蒿精油、艾叶精油、蒲公英精油按照重量比为10:10:8:5:4:1:1:1的混合液。
每100mL复合长效微乳液中,每100mL组合物中含有4mL的农乳601、1mL的正丁醇和0.5g的PVP-K30,还有94mL的去离子水,其余为丁香精油、藿香精油、百部精油、肉桂精油、茶树精油、青蒿精油、艾叶精油、蒲公英精油按照重量比为10:10:8:5:4:1:1:1的混合液。
表6 实施例6普通型和长效型及单方精油微乳液在7d内杀螨活性变化
由上表的对比数据可知,在使用相同含量的乳液精油相比较本产品,能够长效的对螨虫形成杀伤力,并且实例6在第四天的时候还能保持对螨虫55%的杀伤力,均高于各种单一的精油乳液,能够保持较长时间的药效。并且通过改变各种精油之间的配比大幅度提高了药效时间,经过试验得出丁香精油、藿香精油、百部精油、肉桂精油、茶树精油、青蒿精油、艾叶精油、蒲公英精油按照重量比为10:10:8:5:4:1:1:1时效果最好。
具体试验如下:
试验1 杀螨活性试验
试验所使用丁香精油、藿香精油、百部精油、肉桂精油、茶树精油、青蒿精油、艾叶精油、蒲公英精油均购自广州安奈生物科技有限公司,有效含量均为95%;氯氰菊酯(95%)、苯甲酸苄酯(化学纯),世纪奥科化学试剂有限公司;微乳剂、微乳助剂,郑州市新瑞生物科技有限公司;体式显微镜,ZX500TR,购自深圳市众寻光学仪器有限公司;PVC称量盒(顶面直径45、底面直径35mm),广州奥雅医疗器械有限公司。
吸取农乳601 4mL于100mL容量瓶中,再加入1mL正丁醇后定容至刻度,制得精油微乳液溶剂,后将6个实例的复方精油分别与微乳液溶剂混合制得浓度为1、1.5、3、5、7、10、20mg/mL(以复方精油计)的复方精油微乳液,备用。将101滤纸分别裁剪成直径44、34mm的圆,将直径34mm的圆形滤纸片铺在PVC称量盒(顶面直径45、底面直径35mm)底部并加水50μL。吸取所制得不同处理组相应浓度的微乳液50μL均匀滴加在44mm圆形滤纸片上,加药后所含药量分别为3.29、4.93、9.87、16.44、23.03、32.89、65.79μg/cm2,置于通风橱中1min风干溶剂后将该滤纸片嵌入PVC称量盒的顶盖部,并在称量盒中放入尘螨成螨20只,盖紧盖子并用封口膜密封,顶面朝下置于25±2℃、湿度为75~85%、全黑暗环境中保存24h。24h后使用双目体视显微镜下观察螨虫活动情况等存活状态;用毛发针轻触螨体,螨虫肢体不动者视其为死亡,每种精油微乳液每个浓度3个重复。根据实验结果计算致死中浓度LD50。
如表7所示,通过对8种植物精油微乳液及6个实例中螨虫在24h时的致死中浓度进行比较,发现实例5、实例6复方精油微乳液的LD50分别为4.18、4.50μg/cm2,均小于丁香精油、藿香精油、茶树精油、肉桂精油、百部精油、青蒿、蒲公英、艾叶精油等单方精油微乳液,其杀螨活性更强,说明精油具有复配增效的作用,且实例6 LD50小于常规化药氯氰菊酯组,显示其具有更强的杀螨活性。
表7. 6种比例复方精油微乳液对尘螨的杀灭活性
试验2持效期试验
供试药物及试剂来源、规格、含量表
试验方法:
本试验作用方式为“熏蒸+触杀”。将101滤纸裁剪成直径44mm、34mm的圆,将直径34mm的圆形滤纸片铺在PVC称量盒(顶面直径45、底面直径35mm)底部并加水50μL,44mm滤纸片在相应处理组中浸泡(每个处理组3个重复,对照组使用蒸馏水浸泡)10min后均取出,取出后滤纸片在室温(23±2℃)下自然风干1min后将圆形滤纸片放入25mL称量瓶的顶盖处,选取尘螨成螨20只放入瓶中,盖紧盖子,底部朝上置于25±2℃、湿度为75~85%、全黑暗环境中保存24h。24h后移出称量瓶内所有螨虫(取出尘螨的同时放入新一批尘螨供次日观察),双目体视显微镜下观察螨虫活动情况等存活状态;用毛发针轻触螨体,螨虫肢体不动者视其为死亡,并计算死亡率,每天测定一次,直至死亡率为0%。
得到的对比实验结果如下表:
表8 不同处理组不同时间下尘螨平均死亡率变化
如表8所示,及个处理组中,实例6复方精油长效微乳液在7天内对尘螨的杀灭率分别为100%、100%、88.3%、73.3%、55%、35%、15%,均高于其他单一精油微乳液处理组和市售青花椒除螨液,且单方精油处理组和市售青花椒除螨液在4天时其对尘螨的杀灭率均降至0%,持效期短。对比市售长效除螨液和市售氯氰菊酯,市售长效除螨液在4天内的螨虫杀灭率分别为93.3%、70%、53.3%、26.7%、16.7%,市售氯氰菊酯分别为100%、80%、61.7%、38.3%、25%,均小于同时间点下的实例6复方精油长效微乳液,且在5天时,杀灭率降为0。
普通型和长效性两种组合物的制作工艺如下:
一种制备普通型的除螨组合物的工艺,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将丁香精油、藿香精油、百部精油、肉桂精油、茶树精油、青蒿精油、艾叶精油、蒲公英精油按照重量比为10:10:8:5:4:1:1:1在反应容器内进行混合,常温进行搅拌15-20分钟,搅拌速度为100rpm,然后静止5-10分钟等溶液表面上的气泡溶解,得到基础液A液;
步骤二:将A液、农乳601、正丁醇按照体积比为1:8:2的比例在反应容器中常温混合,得到B液;
步骤三:将B液与去离子水按照11:189混合,将去离子水常温下缓慢加入到反应容器中,边加入边搅拌,待完全加入后继续搅拌15-20分钟,静置得到除螨组合物。
一种制备长效型的除螨组合物的工艺,包括以下步骤:步骤一:将丁香精油、藿香精油、百部精油、肉桂精油、茶树精油、青蒿精油、艾叶精油、蒲公英精油按照重量比为10:10:8:5:4:1:1:1在反应容器内进行混合,常温进行搅拌15-20分钟,搅拌速度为100rpm,然后静止5-10分钟等溶液表面上的气泡溶解,得到基础液A液;
步骤二:将A液、农乳601、正丁醇按照体积比为1:8:2的比例在反应容器中常温混合,得到B液;
步骤三:每百毫升组合物中,先去5.5mLB液先加入50mL去离子水进行溶解,在继续搅拌的过程中加入0.5mL的PVP-K30缓释剂,搅拌10分钟充分溶解后,再继续搅拌加入44mL去离子水定容,常温下充分搅拌后得到除螨组合物。
上述丁香精油、藿香精油、百部精油、肉桂精油、茶树精油、青蒿精油、艾叶精油、蒲公英精油均为品牌为安奈的产品精油,上述步骤中的室温是指15-30度的温度,上述反应容器为反应釜。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种除螨组合物,其特征在于:包括丁香精油、藿香精油、百部精油、肉桂精油、茶树精油、青蒿精油、艾叶精油、蒲公英精油的重量比为10:10:8:5:4:1:1:1的基础液;
每百毫升组合物中含有0.5mL基础液及5mL液体乳化剂,余量为水;
或每百毫升组合物中含有0.5mL基础液及5mL液体乳化剂加0.5g粉末状缓释剂,余量为水;
所述液体乳化剂为4mL微乳剂农乳601及1mL微乳助剂正丁醇,所述0.5g粉末状缓释剂为PVP-K30缓释剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种除螨组合物,其特征在于:所述水为去离子水。
3.一种制备权利要求1所述的除螨组合物的工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将丁香精油、藿香精油、百部精油、肉桂精油、茶树精油、青蒿精油、艾叶精油、蒲公英精油按照重量比为10:10:8:5:4:1:1:1在反应容器内进行混合,常温进行搅拌15-20分钟,搅拌速度为100rpm,然后静止5-10分钟至溶液表面上的气泡溶解,得到基础液A液;
步骤二:将A液、农乳601、正丁醇按照体积比为1:8:2的比例在反应容器中常温混合,得到B液;
步骤三:将B液与去离子水按照11:189混合,将去离子水常温下加入到反应容器中,加入期间搅拌,待完全加入后继续搅拌15-20分钟,静置得到除螨组合物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的除螨组合物的工艺,其特征在于:
步骤三:每百毫升组合物中,先取5.5mLB液先加入50mL去离子水进行溶解,在继续搅拌的过程中加入0.5g的PVP-K30缓释剂,搅拌10分钟充分溶解后,再继续搅拌加入44mL去离子水定容,常温下搅拌后得到除螨组合物。
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