CN114365667B - Novel roof greening method based on stamen-shaped sphagnum - Google Patents
Novel roof greening method based on stamen-shaped sphagnum Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/30—Moss
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel roof greening method based on a pistil-shaped moss, which comprises the steps of S1, preparing a greening matrix, weighing algae peat soil, crushed wood chips, clay, quartz sand, expanded perlite, carbonized rice hulls, cellulose, lignin and humic acid, uniformly mixing, sterilizing, and fermenting to finally obtain the greening matrix; s2, culturing the stamen-shaped euonymus; removing impurities from the polytrichum moss, and inoculating the polytrichum moss into a culture medium for expanded culture to obtain polytrichum moss seeds; s3, roof greening construction; cleaning a building roof, paving a waterproof roll, a hydrophobic layer and a sticky wool pad in sequence, adding the core-shaped sphagnum seeds into a greening matrix, and paving the core-shaped sphagnum seeds on the sticky wool pad; the invention has reasonable design, is beneficial to the rapid growth of the pistil-shaped moss, improves the greening effect of the roof and is suitable for large-scale popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of roof greening, in particular to a novel roof greening method based on pistil-shaped sphagnum.
Background
With the rapid pace of the urban process, the urban scale is rapidly enlarged, and the problem of drainage under the condition of heavy rain caused by urban heat island effect and large-scale ground hardening is caused. Land resources in cities are limited, a traditional ground greening mode is difficult to play a role in a large area, and roof greening is generated as a scheme for improving greening area to the greatest extent in an effective space; roof greening is understood as a collective term for building a garden on various buildings, structures, city walls, roofs of bridges and the like, terraces, balconies or large artificial rockery mountain bodies and planting trees and flowers; as roof greening of the fifth elevation of the urban building, the method is a comprehensive modern technology integrating building art and greening art, can lead the spatial potential of the urban building and various benefits of green plants to be combined perfectly and fully exerted, has wide development prospect, and becomes a new trend of urban greening construction.
Roof greening is to follow the law of scientific greening, namely, the natural law and economic law are followed, the natural ecological system is protected and repaired, the inherent requirements of green water and green mountain are built, the roof greening is an important measure for improving ecological environment, coping with climate change and maintaining ecological safety, and has great significance for building ecological civilization and beautiful China.
However, at present, roof greening is mostly carried out by adopting traditional vascular bundles and non-vascular bundles plants, such as duck grass, miscanthus, sage, japanese duck foot, and the like. The problems of excessive construction cost and maintenance cost in the early stage are removed, and roof collapse caused by excessive roof greening is reported, and particularly, the method is very unfriendly to old houses, moss is considered to be happy and wet, but some varieties with very strong stress resistance, such as the pistil moss, are not lacked. The natural distribution of the natural building material is happy, dry, and clustered, and is relatively similar to the roof environment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a novel roof greening method based on the stamen-shaped sphagnum with reasonable design and high greening efficiency.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a novel roof greening method based on a pistil-shaped true moss comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a greening matrix;
s1-1, respectively weighing 15-28 parts of algae peat soil, 7-16 parts of wood chips, 12-19 parts of clay, 5-11 parts of quartz sand, 4-8 parts of expanded perlite, 3-6 parts of carbonized rice hulls, 1-3 parts of cellulose, 0.8-2.4 parts of lignin and 0.1-0.5 part of humic acid according to parts by weight; respectively crushing the algae peat soil, the crushed wood chips, the clay, the quartz sand, the expanded perlite and the carbonized rice hulls to reach the particle size of 0.5-1mm, and stirring and mixing the crushed materials with cellulose, lignin and humic acid for 20-45min at the rotating speed of 70-120r/min to obtain a peat soil matrix;
s1-2, placing the peat soil matrix obtained in the step S1-1 into an autoclave, and sterilizing for 50-110min at 120-160 ℃; cooling the peat soil substrate to room temperature to obtain a sterile substrate;
s1-3, adding urea solution with the volume concentration of 15-35% into the sterile substrate obtained in the step S1-2, stirring and mixing uniformly, and then adding purified water until the water content in the sterile substrate is 45-63%; finally, covering a plastic film on the aseptic substrate for composting fermentation, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 50-80 ℃ and the fermentation time to be 16-25 days, turning over and airing for 1 time at intervals of 3-5 days in the fermentation process, and obtaining the greening substrate after the fermentation is completed; wherein the addition amount of the urea solution is 2-5% of the volume of the sterile matrix;
s2, culturing the stamen-shaped euonymus;
s2-1, naturally drying the pistacia chinensis in the shade, removing impurities, and crushing into 5-9cm by using a small stirrer 2 Is a core-shaped euonymus fragment;
s2-2, inoculating the core-shaped euonymus fragments obtained in the step S2-1 into sandy soil with the water content of 50-80%, and culturing for 5-15 days under the conditions that the temperature is 10-20 ℃, the relative air humidity is 35-65% and the illumination intensity is 3000-5500Lux to obtain core-shaped euonymus seeds; wherein the inoculation amount of the core-shaped euonymus fragments is 120-240g/m, and the content of the core-shaped euonymus plants in the core-shaped euonymus fragments is 80-110g/kg;
s3, roof greening construction;
s3-1, cleaning a roof to be greened, paving a waterproof coiled material, uniformly paving a hydrophobic layer with the thickness of 5-10cm at the upper end of the waterproof coiled material, and finally paving a hair sticking pad at the upper end of the hydrophobic layer; wherein the hydrophobic layer is composed of coal cinder particles with the particle size of 0.8-1.5 cm;
s3-2, crushing the greening substrate obtained in the step S1-3 to a particle size of 0.5-0.8cm, adding the pistil-shaped moss seeds obtained in the step S2-2 into the greening substrate, and uniformly stirring and mixing, wherein the adding amount of the pistil-shaped moss seeds is 3-8% of the mass of the greening substrate; finally, spreading the greening matrix on the sticky wool pad.
Further, in the step S1-1, the greening matrix also comprises 2-5 parts of soil additive, wherein the soil additive is formed by compounding modified starch, chlorinated paraffin, sodium polyacrylate, glycerol and magnesium silicate according to the mass ratio of 5:3:2:1:1; by adding the soil additive with the proportion into the greening matrix, the rain wash resistance of the greening matrix can be improved, so that the greening matrix can provide a stable and reliable growth carrier for the polytrichum moss and is beneficial to the growth of the polytrichum moss.
Further, in the step S1-1, the preparation method of the carbonized rice husk comprises the following steps: removing impurities from dried rice hulls, soaking the rice hulls in phenolic resin for 20-50min, washing the rice hulls with purified water after soaking, drying the washed rice hulls at 80-120 ℃ for 0.5-1.8h, and finally carbonizing the dried rice hulls in a vacuum furnace at 500-1400 ℃ for 1-3h to obtain carbon rice hulls; the carbonized rice hulls prepared by the method not only can provide nutrient substances for the growth of the pistil-shaped sphagnum, but also have the functions of hydrophobic and moisture retention.
Further, after the step S3-1 is completed, a sprinkling irrigation system is arranged at the upper end of the sticky wool pad; through laying the sprinkling irrigation system, be convenient for water the real moss of stamen to guarantee the normal growth of real moss of stamen, guarantee the afforestation effect on roof.
Further, in the step S3-1, a water-retaining layer with the thickness of 1-3cm is paved between the water-repellent layer and the waterproof coiled material, and the water-retaining layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-12 parts of pumice, 6-9 parts of hollow glass beads, 11-13 parts of cement, 6-11 parts of megacarpus ussuriensis hance chips, 1-5 parts of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 2-4 parts of mineral fibers; through laying the water-retaining layer with the proportion, not only can durable moisture be provided for the growth of the pistil-shaped true moss, but also the water-retaining layer has the advantage of light weight, and is beneficial to reducing the burden of a roof.
Further, after the step S2-1 is completed, hgCl with the mass concentration of 0.1 to 0.3 percent is utilized 2 Sterilizing the stamen-shaped euonymus fragments for 5-12min by the solution; through disinfection treatment of the polytrichum fragments, not only can the survival rate of the polytrichum plants be improved, but also the disease and pest resistance of the polytrichum plants can be improved.
Further, in step S3-1, the waterproof coiled material is SBS modified asphalt waterproof coiled material.
Further, in the step S3-1, after the waterproof coiled material is paved, a root isolation layer is paved at the upper end of the waterproof coiled material, and the root isolation layer is a polyvinyl chloride film, so that corrosion damage of root secretion to roof building materials in the growth process of the pistil-shaped sphagnum can be avoided by paving the root isolation layer, and the reliability of the invention is improved.
Further, in the step S3-1, after the roof waterproof coiled material to be greening is paved, a water containing test is carried out on the roof to be greening for 12-26 hours, and the water containing test is carried out on the roof to ensure that the building is not influenced in the roof greening process.
Further, after the step S2-2 is completed, cytokinin is uniformly sprayed into the polytrichum moss seeds according to the spraying amount of 0.2-0.5mg/kg, wherein the cytokinin consists of the following substances in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of ferric sulfate, 0.5-2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 3-8 parts of organic potassium, 0.8-1.2 parts of gibberellin, 1-3 parts of sodium sulfite and 4-7 parts of fulvic acid; the cytokinin is sprayed into the polytrichum seeds, so that the tooth yield of the polytrichum seeds is improved, and the growth of the polytrichum is promoted.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention has reasonable design, high roof greening success rate and good plant growth, not only has an improvement effect on ecological environment, but also plays a promotion role with the heat insulation effect on the traditional building; the materials used in the invention are all of lightweight design, so that the burden of the roof is reduced on the premise of meeting the roof greening requirement, and the reliability and the practicability of the invention are improved; according to the invention, the soil additive disclosed by the invention is added into the greening matrix, so that the rainwater scouring resistance of the greening matrix can be improved, and the greening matrix can provide a stable and reliable growth carrier for the polytrichum moss, thereby being beneficial to the growth of the polytrichum moss; by adding the carbonized rice hulls prepared by the invention, not only can nutrient substances be provided for the growth of the polytrichum, but also the carbonized rice hulls have the functions of hydrophobic and moisture retention and promote the growth of the polytrichum; according to the invention, the polyvinyl chloride film root isolation layer is paved, so that corrosion damage of root secretion to roof building materials in the growth process of the pistil-shaped true moss can be avoided, the heat insulation effect of the building roof is improved, and the water retention layer is paved, so that not only can durable moisture be provided for the growth of the pistil-shaped true moss, but also the light-weight advantage is realized, and the load of the roof is reduced; through disinfection treatment of the polytrichum fragments, the survival rate of the polytrichum plants can be improved, and meanwhile, the disease and pest resistance of the polytrichum plants can be improved, so that the survival rate and the heat insulation effect of the polytrichum plants are improved.
Detailed Description
Example 1: a novel roof greening method based on a pistil-shaped true moss comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a greening matrix;
s1-1, respectively weighing 15 parts of algae peat soil, 7 parts of crushed wood chips, 12 parts of clay, 5 parts of quartz sand, 4 parts of expanded perlite, 3 parts of carbonized rice hulls, 1 part of cellulose, 0.8 part of lignin and 0.1 part of humic acid according to parts by weight; respectively crushing the algae peat soil, the crushed wood chips, the clay, the quartz sand, the expanded perlite and the carbonized rice hulls to reach the particle size of 0.5-0.8mm, and stirring and mixing the crushed materials with cellulose, lignin and humic acid for 20min at the rotating speed of 70r/min to obtain a peat soil matrix;
s1-2, placing the peat soil matrix obtained in the step S1-1 into an autoclave, and sterilizing for 50min at 120 ℃; cooling the peat soil substrate to room temperature to obtain a sterile substrate;
s1-3, adding urea solution with volume concentration of 15% into the sterile substrate obtained in the step S1-2, stirring and mixing uniformly, and then adding purified water until the water content in the sterile substrate is 45%; finally, covering a plastic film on the aseptic substrate for composting fermentation, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 50 ℃, the fermentation time to be 16 days, and turning over and airing for 1 time at intervals of 3 days in the fermentation process, so as to obtain a greening substrate after the fermentation is completed; wherein the urea solution is added in an amount of 2% of the volume of the sterile substrate;
s2, culturing the stamen-shaped euonymus;
s2-1, naturally drying the pistacia chinensis in the shade, removing impurities, and crushing into 5cm by using a small stirrer 2 Is a core-shaped euonymus fragment;
s2-2, inoculating the core-shaped euonymus fragments obtained in the step S2-1 into sandy soil with the water content of 50%, and culturing for 5 days under the conditions that the temperature is 10 ℃, the relative air humidity is 35% and the illumination intensity is 30000Lux to obtain core-shaped euonymus seeds; wherein the inoculation amount of the core-shaped euonymus fragments is 120g/m, and the content of the core-shaped euonymus plants in the core-shaped euonymus fragments is 80g/kg;
s3, roof greening construction;
s3-1, cleaning a roof to be greened, paving a waterproof coiled material, uniformly paving a hydrophobic layer with the thickness of 5cm at the upper end of the waterproof coiled material, and finally paving a hair sticking pad at the upper end of the hydrophobic layer; wherein the hydrophobic layer is composed of coal cinder particles with the particle size of 0.8 cm; the waterproof coiled material is SBS modified asphalt waterproof coiled material;
s3-2, crushing the greening substrate obtained in the step S1-3 to a particle size of 0.5-0.6cm, adding the pistil-shaped moss seeds obtained in the step S2-2 into the greening substrate, and uniformly stirring and mixing, wherein the adding amount of the pistil-shaped moss seeds is 3% of the mass of the greening substrate; finally, spreading the greening matrix on the sticky wool pad.
Example 2: a novel roof greening method based on a pistil-shaped true moss comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a greening matrix;
s1-1, respectively weighing 22 parts of algae peat soil, 9 parts of crushed wood chips, 15 parts of clay, 6 parts of quartz sand, 7 parts of expanded perlite, 5 parts of carbonized rice hulls, 2 parts of cellulose, 1.5 parts of lignin, 0.4 part of humic acid and 4 parts of soil additive according to parts by weight; respectively crushing the algae peat soil, the crushed wood chips, the clay, the quartz sand, the expanded perlite and the carbonized rice hulls to reach the particle size of 0.6-0.9mm, and stirring and mixing the crushed materials with cellulose, lignin, humic acid and soil additives for 33min at the rotating speed of 89r/min to obtain a peat soil matrix; the soil additive is prepared by compounding modified starch, chlorinated paraffin, sodium polyacrylate, glycerol and magnesium silicate according to a mass ratio of 5:3:2:1:1; by adding the soil additive with the proportion into the greening matrix, the rain wash resistance of the greening matrix can be improved, so that the greening matrix can provide a stable and reliable growth carrier for the polytrichum moss and is beneficial to the growth of the polytrichum moss;
s1-2, placing the peat soil matrix obtained in the step S1-1 into an autoclave, and sterilizing at 145 ℃ for 70min; cooling the peat soil substrate to room temperature to obtain a sterile substrate;
s1-3, adding urea solution with the volume concentration of 22% into the sterile substrate obtained in the step S1-2, stirring and mixing uniformly, and then adding purified water until the water content in the sterile substrate is 56%; finally, covering a plastic film on the aseptic substrate for composting fermentation, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 68 ℃, the fermentation time to be 21 days, and turning over and airing for 1 time at intervals of 4 days in the fermentation process, so as to obtain a greening substrate after the fermentation is completed; wherein the urea solution is added in an amount of 4% by volume of the sterile substrate;
s2, culturing the stamen-shaped euonymus;
s2-1, naturally drying the pistacia chinensis in the shade, removing impurities, and crushing into 7cm by using a small stirrer 2 Is a core-shaped euonymus fragment;
s2-2, inoculating the core-shaped euonymus fragments obtained in the step S2-1 into sandy soil with the water content of 70%, and culturing for 11 days under the conditions that the temperature is 16 ℃, the relative air humidity is 56% and the illumination intensity is 4850Lux to obtain core-shaped euonymus seeds; wherein the inoculation amount of the core-shaped euonymus fragments is 198g/m, and the content of the core-shaped euonymus plants in the core-shaped euonymus fragments is 98g/kg;
s3, roof greening construction;
s3-1, cleaning a roof to be greened, paving a waterproof coiled material, uniformly paving a hydrophobic layer with the thickness of 7cm at the upper end of the waterproof coiled material, and finally paving a hair sticking pad at the upper end of the hydrophobic layer; wherein the hydrophobic layer is composed of coal cinder particles with the particle size of 1.1-1.5 cm; the waterproof coiled material is SBS modified asphalt waterproof coiled material;
s3-2, crushing the greening substrate obtained in the step S1-3 to a particle size of 0.5-0.6cm, adding the pistil-shaped moss seeds obtained in the step S2-2 into the greening substrate, and uniformly stirring and mixing, wherein the adding amount of the pistil-shaped moss seeds is 5% of the mass of the greening substrate; finally, spreading the greening matrix on the sticky wool pad.
Example 3: a novel roof greening method based on a pistil-shaped true moss comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a greening matrix;
s1-1, respectively weighing 28 parts of algae peat soil, 16 parts of crushed wood chips, 19 parts of clay, 11 parts of quartz sand, 8 parts of expanded perlite, 6 parts of carbonized rice hulls, 3 parts of cellulose, 2.4 parts of lignin and 0.5 part of humic acid according to parts by weight; respectively crushing the algae peat soil, the crushed wood chips, the clay, the quartz sand, the expanded perlite and the carbonized rice hulls to reach the particle size of 0.5-0.7mm, and stirring and mixing the crushed materials with cellulose, lignin and humic acid for 45min at the rotating speed of 120r/min to obtain a peat soil matrix; the preparation method of the carbonized rice hulls comprises the following steps: removing impurities from dried rice hulls, soaking the rice hulls in phenolic resin for 50min, washing the rice hulls with purified water after soaking, drying the washed rice hulls for 1.8h at 120 ℃, and finally carbonizing the dried rice hulls in a vacuum furnace at 1400 ℃ for 1h to obtain carbon rice hulls; the carbonized rice hulls prepared by the method not only can provide nutrient substances for the growth of the pistil-shaped sphagnum, but also have the functions of hydrophobic and moisture retention;
s1-2, placing the peat soil matrix obtained in the step S1-1 into an autoclave, and sterilizing at 160 ℃ for 110min; cooling the peat soil substrate to room temperature to obtain a sterile substrate;
s1-3, adding urea solution with the volume concentration of 35% into the sterile substrate obtained in the step S1-2, stirring and mixing uniformly, and then adding purified water until the water content in the sterile substrate is 63%; finally, covering a plastic film on the aseptic substrate for composting fermentation, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 80 ℃, the fermentation time to be 25 days, and turning over and airing for 1 time at 5-day intervals in the fermentation process, and obtaining the greening substrate after the fermentation is completed; wherein the urea solution is added in an amount of 5% by volume of the sterile substrate;
s2, culturing the stamen-shaped euonymus;
s2-1, naturally drying the pistacia chinensis in the shade, removing impurities, and crushing into 9cm by using a small stirrer 2 Is a core-shaped euonymus fragment;
s2-2, inoculating the core-shaped euonymus fragments obtained in the step S2-1 into sandy soil with the water content of 80%, and culturing for 15 days under the conditions that the temperature is 20 ℃, the relative air humidity is 65% and the illumination intensity is 5500Lux to obtain core-shaped euonymus seeds; wherein the inoculation amount of the core-shaped euonymus fragments is 240g/m, and the content of the core-shaped euonymus plants in the core-shaped euonymus fragments is 110g/kg;
s3, roof greening construction;
s3-1, cleaning a roof to be greened, paving a waterproof coiled material, uniformly paving a hydrophobic layer with the thickness of 10cm at the upper end of the waterproof coiled material, and finally paving a hair sticking pad at the upper end of the hydrophobic layer; wherein the hydrophobic layer is composed of coal cinder particles with the particle size of 0.8-1.2 cm; the waterproof coiled material is SBS modified asphalt waterproof coiled material;
s3-2, crushing the greening substrate obtained in the step S1-3 to a particle size of 0.5-0.6cm, adding the pistil-shaped moss seeds obtained in the step S2-2 into the greening substrate, and uniformly stirring and mixing, wherein the adding amount of the pistil-shaped moss seeds is 8% of the mass of the greening substrate; finally, spreading the greening matrix on the sticky wool pad.
Example 4: a novel roof greening method based on a pistil-shaped true moss comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a greening matrix;
s1-1, respectively weighing 15 parts of algae peat soil, 7 parts of crushed wood chips, 12 parts of clay, 5 parts of quartz sand, 4 parts of expanded perlite, 3 parts of carbonized rice hulls, 1 part of cellulose, 0.8 part of lignin and 0.1 part of humic acid according to parts by weight; respectively crushing the algae peat soil, the crushed wood chips, the clay, the quartz sand, the expanded perlite and the carbonized rice hulls to reach the particle size of 0.5-0.7mm, and stirring and mixing the crushed materials with cellulose, lignin and humic acid for 20min at the rotating speed of 70r/min to obtain a peat soil matrix;
s1-2, placing the peat soil matrix obtained in the step S1-1 into an autoclave, and sterilizing for 50min at 120 ℃; cooling the peat soil substrate to room temperature to obtain a sterile substrate;
s1-3, adding urea solution with volume concentration of 15% into the sterile substrate obtained in the step S1-2, stirring and mixing uniformly, and then adding purified water until the water content in the sterile substrate is 45%; finally, covering a plastic film on the aseptic substrate for composting fermentation, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 50 ℃, the fermentation time to be 16 days, and turning over and airing for 1 time at intervals of 3 days in the fermentation process, so as to obtain a greening substrate after the fermentation is completed; wherein the urea solution is added in an amount of 2% of the volume of the sterile substrate;
s2, culturing the stamen-shaped euonymus;
s2-1, naturally drying the pistacia chinensis in the shade, removing impurities, and crushing into 5cm by using a small stirrer 2 Is a core-shaped euonymus fragment;
s2-2, inoculating the core-shaped euonymus fragments obtained in the step S2-1 into sandy soil with the water content of 50%, and culturing for 5 days at the temperature of 10 ℃ and the relative air humidity of 35% and the illumination intensity of 3000Lux to obtain core-shaped euonymus seeds; wherein the inoculation amount of the core-shaped euonymus fragments is 120g/m, and the content of the core-shaped euonymus plants in the core-shaped euonymus fragments is 80g/kg;
s3, roof greening construction;
s3-1, cleaning a roof to be greening, paving waterproof coiled materials, carrying out a 12-hour water-holding test on the roof to be greening, and ensuring that the roof cannot influence a building in the greening process by carrying out the water-holding test on the roof; the root isolation layer is paved at the upper end of the waterproof coiled material, the root isolation layer is a polyvinyl chloride film, corrosion damage of root secretion to roof building materials in the growth process of the pistil-shaped sphagnum can be avoided by paving the root isolation layer, so that the reliability of the invention is improved, then a hydrophobic layer with the thickness of 5cm is uniformly paved at the upper end of the root isolation layer, finally a hair sticking pad is paved at the upper end of the hydrophobic layer, and a spray irrigation system is paved at the upper end of the hair sticking pad; the sprinkling irrigation system is arranged, so that the core-shaped moss can be conveniently irrigated, the normal growth of the core-shaped moss is ensured, and the greening effect of a roof is ensured; wherein the hydrophobic layer is composed of coal cinder particles with the particle size of 1.2-1.5 cm; the waterproof coiled material is SBS modified asphalt waterproof coiled material;
s3-2, crushing the greening substrate obtained in the step S1-3 to a particle size of 0.7-0.8cm, adding the pistil-shaped moss seeds obtained in the step S2-2 into the greening substrate, and uniformly stirring and mixing, wherein the adding amount of the pistil-shaped moss seeds is 3% of the mass of the greening substrate; finally, spreading the greening matrix on the sticky wool pad.
Example 5: a novel roof greening method based on a pistil-shaped true moss comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a greening matrix;
s1-1, respectively weighing 15 parts of algae peat soil, 7 parts of crushed wood chips, 12 parts of clay, 5 parts of quartz sand, 4 parts of expanded perlite, 3 parts of carbonized rice hulls, 1 part of cellulose, 0.8 part of lignin and 0.1 part of humic acid according to parts by weight; respectively crushing the algae peat soil, the crushed wood chips, the clay, the quartz sand, the expanded perlite and the carbonized rice hulls to reach the particle size of 0.5-0.7mm, and stirring and mixing the crushed materials with cellulose, lignin and humic acid for 20min at the rotating speed of 70r/min to obtain a peat soil matrix;
s1-2, placing the peat soil matrix obtained in the step S1-1 into an autoclave, and sterilizing for 50min at 120 ℃; cooling the peat soil substrate to room temperature to obtain a sterile substrate;
s1-3, adding urea solution with volume concentration of 15% into the sterile substrate obtained in the step S1-2, stirring and mixing uniformly, and then adding purified water until the water content in the sterile substrate is 45%; finally, covering a plastic film on the aseptic substrate for composting fermentation, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 50 ℃, the fermentation time to be 16 days, and turning over and airing for 1 time at intervals of 3 days in the fermentation process, so as to obtain a greening substrate after the fermentation is completed; wherein the urea solution is added in an amount of 2% of the volume of the sterile substrate;
s2, culturing the stamen-shaped euonymus;
s2-1, naturally drying the pistacia chinensis in the shade, removing impurities, and crushing into 5cm by using a small stirrer 2 Is a core-shaped euonymus fragment;
s2-2, inoculating the core-shaped euonymus fragments obtained in the step S2-1 into sandy soil with the water content of 50%, and culturing for 5 days at the temperature of 10 ℃ and the relative air humidity of 35% and the illumination intensity of 3000Lux to obtain core-shaped euonymus seeds; wherein the inoculation amount of the core-shaped euonymus fragments is 120g/m, and the content of the core-shaped euonymus plants in the core-shaped euonymus fragments is 80g/kg;
s3, roof greening construction;
s3-1, cleaning a roof to be greened, paving a waterproof coiled material, uniformly paving a hydrophobic layer with the thickness of 5cm at the upper end of the waterproof coiled material, and finally paving a hair sticking pad at the upper end of the hydrophobic layer; wherein the hydrophobic layer is composed of coal cinder particles with the particle size of 0.8-1.2 cm; the waterproof coiled material is SBS modified asphalt waterproof coiled material; a water-retaining layer with the thickness of 1cm is paved between the hydrophobic layer and the waterproof coiled material, and the water-retaining layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of pumice, 6 parts of hollow glass beads, 11 parts of cement, 6 parts of megacarpus fraxinus mandshurica, 1 part of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 2 parts of mineral fibers; by paving the water-retaining layer with the proportion, not only can durable moisture be provided for the growth of the pistil-shaped sphagnum, but also the water-retaining layer has the advantage of light weight, and is beneficial to reducing the burden of a roof;
s3-2, crushing the greening substrate obtained in the step S1-3 to a particle size of 0.5-0.7cm, adding the pistil-shaped moss seeds obtained in the step S2-2 into the greening substrate, and uniformly stirring and mixing, wherein the adding amount of the pistil-shaped moss seeds is 3% of the mass of the greening substrate; finally, spreading the greening matrix on the sticky wool pad.
Example 6: a novel roof greening method based on a pistil-shaped true moss comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a greening matrix;
s1-1, respectively weighing 28 parts of algae peat soil, 16 parts of crushed wood chips, 19 parts of clay, 11 parts of quartz sand, 8 parts of expanded perlite, 6 parts of carbonized rice hulls, 3 parts of cellulose, 2.4 parts of lignin and 0.5 part of humic acid according to parts by weight; respectively crushing the algae peat soil, the crushed wood chips, the clay, the quartz sand, the expanded perlite and the carbonized rice hulls to reach the particle size of 0.8-1mm, and stirring and mixing the crushed materials with cellulose, lignin and humic acid for 45min at the rotating speed of 120r/min to obtain a peat soil matrix;
s1-2, placing the peat soil matrix obtained in the step S1-1 into an autoclave, and sterilizing at 160 ℃ for 110min; cooling the peat soil substrate to room temperature to obtain a sterile substrate;
s1-3, adding urea solution with the volume concentration of 35% into the sterile substrate obtained in the step S1-2, stirring and mixing uniformly, and then adding purified water until the water content in the sterile substrate is 63%; finally, covering a plastic film on the aseptic substrate for composting fermentation, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 80 ℃, the fermentation time to be 25 days, and turning over and airing for 1 time at 5-day intervals in the fermentation process, and obtaining the greening substrate after the fermentation is completed; wherein the urea solution is added in an amount of 5% by volume of the sterile substrate;
s2, culturing the stamen-shaped euonymus;
s2-1, naturally drying the pistacia chinensis in the shade, removing impurities, and crushing into 9cm by using a small stirrer 2 Is a core-shaped euonymus fragment; by using HgCl with the mass concentration of 0.3% 2 Sterilizing the stamen-shaped euonymus fragments for 12min by the solution; through disinfection treatment of the polytrichum fragments, not only can the survival rate of the polytrichum plants be improved, but also the disease and pest resistance of the polytrichum plants can be improved;
s2-2, inoculating the core-shaped euonymus fragments obtained in the step S2-1 into sandy soil with the water content of 80%, and culturing for 15 days under the conditions that the temperature is 20 ℃, the relative air humidity is 65% and the illumination intensity is 5500Lux to obtain core-shaped euonymus seeds; wherein the inoculation amount of the core-shaped euonymus fragments is 240g/m, and the content of the core-shaped euonymus plants in the core-shaped euonymus fragments is 110g/kg; uniformly spraying cytokinin into the polytrichum seeds according to the spraying amount of 0.2mg/kg, wherein the cytokinin consists of the following substances in parts by weight: 1 part of ferric sulfate, 0.5 part of ammonium molybdate, 3 parts of organic potassium, 0.8 part of gibberellin, 1 part of sodium sulfite and 4 parts of fulvic acid; the cytokinin is sprayed into the polytrichum seeds, so that the tooth yield of the polytrichum seeds is improved, and the growth of the polytrichum is promoted;
s3, roof greening construction;
s3-1, cleaning a roof to be greened, paving a waterproof coiled material, uniformly paving a hydrophobic layer with the thickness of 10cm at the upper end of the waterproof coiled material, and finally paving a hair sticking pad at the upper end of the hydrophobic layer; wherein the hydrophobic layer is composed of coal cinder particles with the particle size of 1.3-1.5 cm; the waterproof coiled material is SBS modified asphalt waterproof coiled material;
s3-2, crushing the greening substrate obtained in the step S1-3 to a particle size of 0.8cm, adding the polytricha seeds obtained in the step S2-2 into the greening substrate, and uniformly stirring and mixing, wherein the adding amount of the polytricha seeds is 8% of the mass of the greening substrate; finally, spreading the greening matrix on the sticky wool pad.
Example 7: a novel roof greening method based on a pistil-shaped true moss comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a greening matrix;
s1-1, respectively weighing 28 parts of algae peat soil, 16 parts of crushed wood chips, 19 parts of clay, 11 parts of quartz sand, 8 parts of expanded perlite, 6 parts of carbonized rice hulls, 3 parts of cellulose, 2.4 parts of lignin, 0.5 part of humic acid and 5 parts of soil additive according to parts by weight; respectively crushing the algae peat soil, the crushed wood chips, the clay, the quartz sand, the expanded perlite and the carbonized rice hulls to reach the grain size of 0.5-0.6mm, and stirring and mixing the crushed materials with cellulose, lignin, humic acid and soil additives for 45min at the rotating speed of 120r/min to obtain a peat soil matrix; the preparation method of the carbonized rice hulls comprises the following steps: removing impurities from dried rice hulls, soaking the rice hulls in phenolic resin for 50min, washing the rice hulls with purified water after soaking, drying the washed rice hulls for 1.8h at 120 ℃, and finally carbonizing the dried rice hulls in a vacuum furnace at 1400 ℃ for 3h to obtain carbon rice hulls; the carbonized rice hulls prepared by the method not only can provide nutrient substances for the growth of the pistil-shaped sphagnum, but also have the functions of hydrophobic and moisture retention; the soil additive is prepared by compounding modified starch, chlorinated paraffin, sodium polyacrylate, glycerol and magnesium silicate according to a mass ratio of 5:3:2:1:1; by adding the soil additive with the proportion into the greening matrix, the rain wash resistance of the greening matrix can be improved, so that the greening matrix can provide a stable and reliable growth carrier for the polytrichum moss and is beneficial to the growth of the polytrichum moss;
s1-2, placing the peat soil matrix obtained in the step S1-1 into an autoclave, and sterilizing at 160 ℃ for 110min; cooling the peat soil substrate to room temperature to obtain a sterile substrate;
s1-3, adding urea solution with the volume concentration of 35% into the sterile substrate obtained in the step S1-2, stirring and mixing uniformly, and then adding purified water until the water content in the sterile substrate is 63%; finally, covering a plastic film on the aseptic substrate for composting fermentation, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 80 ℃, the fermentation time to be 25 days, and turning over and airing for 1 time at intervals of 3 days in the fermentation process, so as to obtain a greening substrate after the fermentation is completed; wherein the urea solution is added in an amount of 5% by volume of the sterile substrate;
s2, culturing the stamen-shaped euonymus;
s2-1, naturally drying the pistacia chinensis in the shade, removing impurities, and crushing into 9cm by using a small stirrer 2 Is a core-shaped euonymus fragment; by using HgCl with the mass concentration of 0.3% 2 Sterilizing the stamen-shaped euonymus fragments for 12min by the solution; through disinfection treatment of the polytrichum fragments, not only can the survival rate of the polytrichum plants be improved, but also the disease and pest resistance of the polytrichum plants can be improved;
s2-2, inoculating the core-shaped euonymus fragments obtained in the step S2-1 into sandy soil with the water content of 80%, and culturing for 15 days under the conditions that the temperature is 20 ℃, the relative air humidity is 65% and the illumination intensity is 5500Lux to obtain core-shaped euonymus seeds; wherein the inoculation amount of the core-shaped euonymus fragments is 240g/m, and the content of the core-shaped euonymus plants in the core-shaped euonymus fragments is 110g/kg; uniformly spraying cytokinin into the polytrichum seeds according to the spraying amount of 0.5mg/kg, wherein the cytokinin consists of the following substances in parts by weight: 3 parts of ferric sulfate, 2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 8 parts of organic potassium, 1.2 parts of gibberellin, 3 parts of sodium sulfite and 7 parts of fulvic acid; the cytokinin is sprayed into the polytrichum seeds, so that the tooth yield of the polytrichum seeds is improved, and the growth of the polytrichum is promoted;
s3, roof greening construction;
s3-1, cleaning a roof to be greening, paving a waterproof roll, after the waterproof roll is paved, carrying out a water containing test on the roof to be greening for 26 hours, carrying out the water containing test on the roof to ensure that the roof cannot be affected by a building in the greening process, paving a root isolation layer at the upper end of the waterproof roll, wherein the root isolation layer is a polyvinyl chloride film, and paving the root isolation layer to prevent root secretions from corroding and damaging roof building materials in the growing process of the polythene, thereby improving the reliability of the invention, uniformly paving a hydrophobic layer with the thickness of 10cm at the upper end of the root isolation layer, and finally paving a sticky mat at the upper end of the hydrophobic layer, and arranging a spray irrigation system at the upper end of the sticky mat; the sprinkling irrigation system is arranged, so that the core-shaped moss can be conveniently irrigated, the normal growth of the core-shaped moss is ensured, and the greening effect of a roof is ensured; wherein the hydrophobic layer is composed of coal cinder particles with the particle size of 0.8-1.2 cm; the waterproof coiled material is SBS modified asphalt waterproof coiled material; a water-retaining layer with the thickness of 3cm is paved between the hydrophobic layer and the waterproof coiled material, and consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of pumice, 9 parts of hollow glass beads, 13 parts of cement, 11 parts of megacarpus ussuriensis hance scraps, 5 parts of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 4 parts of mineral fibers; by paving the water-retaining layer with the proportion, not only can durable moisture be provided for the growth of the pistil-shaped sphagnum, but also the water-retaining layer has the advantage of light weight, and is beneficial to reducing the burden of a roof;
s3-2, crushing the greening substrate obtained in the step S1-3 to a particle size of 0.5-0.6cm, adding the pistil-shaped moss seeds obtained in the step S2-2 into the greening substrate, and uniformly stirring and mixing, wherein the adding amount of the pistil-shaped moss seeds is 8% of the mass of the greening substrate; finally, spreading the greening matrix on the sticky wool pad.
Test example: greening operation is carried out on the building roof by using the method of the embodiment 1-7 of the invention, and effect detection is carried out, and the detection results are shown in the table 1:
table 1, influence of different conditions on greening effect of building roof;
as can be seen from the data in table 1: example 2 is compared to example 1; by adding the soil additive into the greening matrix, the rain wash resistance of the greening matrix can be improved, so that the greening matrix can provide a stable and reliable growth carrier for the polytrichum moss and is beneficial to the growth of the polytrichum moss; example 3 compared with example 1, by adding the carbonized rice husk prepared by the invention, not only can nutrient substances be provided for the growth of the pistil-shaped sphagnum, but also the carbonized rice husk has the functions of hydrophobic and moisture retention and promotes the growth of the pistil-shaped sphagnum; compared with the embodiment 1, the embodiment 4 can avoid the corrosion damage of root secretion to roof building materials in the growth process of the core-shaped sphagnum through paving the polyvinyl chloride film root isolation layer, thereby improving the heat insulation effect of the invention on the building roof; compared with the embodiment 1, the embodiment 5 can provide durable moisture for the growth of the polytrichum, has the advantage of light weight and is beneficial to reducing the burden of a roof by paving the water-retaining layer with the proportion; compared with the embodiment 1, the embodiment 6 can not only improve the survival rate of the polytrichum plant, but also improve the disease and pest resistance of the polytrichum plant by sterilizing the polytrichum fragments, thereby improving the greening effect of the polytrichum; example 7 the greening effect of the present invention was optimized by integrating and optimizing the various advantageous conditions compared to examples 1-6.
Claims (6)
1. The novel roof greening method based on the pistil-shaped true moss is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, preparing a greening matrix;
s1-1, respectively weighing 15-28 parts of algae peat soil, 7-16 parts of wood chips, 12-19 parts of clay, 5-11 parts of quartz sand, 4-8 parts of expanded perlite, 3-6 parts of carbonized rice hulls, 1-3 parts of cellulose, 0.8-2.4 parts of lignin and 0.1-0.5 part of humic acid according to parts by weight; respectively crushing the algal peat soil, the crushed wood chips, the clay, the quartz sand, the expanded perlite and the carbonized rice hulls to reach the particle size of 0.5-1mm, and stirring and mixing the crushed materials with cellulose, lignin and humic acid for 20-45min at the rotating speed of 70-120r/min to obtain a peat soil matrix;
s1-2, placing the peat soil matrix obtained in the step S1-1 into an autoclave, and sterilizing for 50-110min at 120-160 ℃; cooling the peat soil substrate to room temperature to obtain a sterile substrate;
s1-3, adding urea solution with the volume concentration of 15-35% into the sterile substrate obtained in the step S1-2, stirring and mixing uniformly, and then adding purified water until the water content in the sterile substrate is 45-63%; finally, covering a plastic film on the aseptic substrate for composting fermentation, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 50-80 ℃ and the fermentation time to be 16-25 days, turning over and airing for 1 time at intervals of 3-5 days in the fermentation process, and obtaining the greening substrate after the fermentation is completed; wherein the addition amount of the urea solution is 2-5% of the volume of the sterile matrix;
s2, culturing the stamen-shaped euonymus;
s2-1, naturally drying the pistacia chinensis in the shade, removing impurities, and crushing into 5-9cm by using a small stirrer 2 Is a core-shaped euonymus fragment;
s2-2, inoculating the core-shaped euonymus fragments obtained in the step S2-1 into sandy soil with the water content of 50-80%, then heating at the temperature of 10-20 ℃, culturing for 5-15 days under the condition of 35-65% relative air humidity and 3000-5500Lux illumination intensity to obtain the core-shaped euonymus seeds; wherein the inoculation amount of the core-shaped euonymus fragments is 120-240g/m, and the content of the core-shaped euonymus plants in the core-shaped euonymus fragments is 80-110g/kg;
s3, roof greening construction;
s3-1, cleaning a roof to be greened, paving a waterproof coiled material, uniformly paving a hydrophobic layer with the thickness of 5-10cm at the upper end of the waterproof coiled material, and finally paving a hair sticking pad at the upper end of the hydrophobic layer; wherein the hydrophobic layer is composed of coal cinder particles with the particle size of 0.8-1.5 cm;
s3-2, crushing the greening substrate obtained in the step S1-3 to a particle size of 0.5-0.8cm, adding the pistil-shaped sphagnum seeds obtained in the step S2-2 into the greening substrate, and uniformly stirring and mixing, wherein the adding amount of the pistil-shaped sphagnum seeds is 3-8% of the mass of the greening substrate; finally spreading the greening matrix on the wool sticking pad;
the greening matrix also comprises 2-5 parts of soil additive, wherein the soil additive is prepared by compounding modified starch, chlorinated paraffin, sodium polyacrylate, glycerol and magnesium silicate according to the mass ratio of 5:3:2:1:1;
the preparation method of the carbonized rice hulls comprises the following steps: removing impurities from dried rice hulls, soaking the rice hulls in phenolic resin for 20-50min, washing the rice hulls with purified water after soaking, drying the washed rice hulls at 80-120 ℃ for 0.5-1.8h, and finally carbonizing the dried rice hulls in a vacuum furnace at 500-1400 ℃ for 1-3h to obtain carbon rice hulls;
a water-retaining layer with the thickness of 1-3cm is paved between the water-repellent layer and the waterproof coiled material, and the water-retaining layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-12 parts of pumice, 6-9 parts of hollow glass beads, 11-13 parts of cement, 6-11 parts of megacarpus ussuriensis hance chips, 1-5 parts of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 2-4 parts of mineral fibers.
2. The novel roof greening method based on the stamen-shaped sphagnum as defined in claim 1, wherein after step S3-1 is completed, a sprinkling irrigation system is arranged at the upper end of the hair sticking pad;
3. the novel roof greening method based on the polytrichum as defined in claim 1, wherein after the step S2-1 is completed, hgCl with the mass concentration of 0.1-0.3% is utilized 2 And (3) carrying out disinfection treatment on the stamen-shaped euonymus fragments for 5-12min by the solution.
4. The novel roof greening method based on the pistil-shaped moss according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3-1, the waterproof coiled material is an SBS modified asphalt waterproof coiled material.
5. The novel roof greening method based on the pistil-shaped moss according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3-1, after the waterproof coiled material is paved, a root isolation layer is paved at the upper end of the waterproof coiled material, and the root isolation layer is a polyvinyl chloride film.
6. The novel roof greening method based on the pistil-shaped moss according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3-1, after the roof greening waterproof coiled material is paved, a water holding test is carried out on the roof to be greening for 12-26 hours.
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