CN114347592B - 防弹玻璃及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本申请涉及一种防弹玻璃及其制备方法。该制备方法包括以下步骤:形成第一玻璃体与第二玻璃体;于第一玻璃体与第二玻璃体的边缘布置密封胶条,第一玻璃体、第二玻璃体和密封胶条之间形成空腔间隙,并设置与空腔间隙连通的注胶孔与出气孔;由注胶孔向空腔间隙内注入高透明有机硅凝胶,待空腔间隙注满后,密封注胶孔;固化形成防弹玻璃。本申请不仅可以解决现有无机有机复合结构的防弹玻璃中,无机材料与有机材料之间中间层粘接不够均匀、环境温度变化时易导致结构破坏的问题,还可以大大提升防弹效果。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及一种防弹玻璃,特别是涉及一种防弹玻璃及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前,最先进的防弹玻璃结构是有机与无机复合结构,即在全无机防弹玻璃的背面通过中间层粘接透明有机板材,这种无机与有机复合防弹玻璃的优点是体积质量小,相同厚度或相同质量情况下,抗多发弹能力强,防飞溅物效果好,减重效果明显。
在实现本申请过程中,申请人发现:由于有机材料与无机复材料热膨胀系数差距大,传热系数差距更大,当环境温度变化大时,材料间容易发生扭曲变形导致玻璃破裂,玻璃上丝印层脱落,有机材料产生应力集中破坏的问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种防弹玻璃及其制备方法,解决无机与有机复合结构的防弹玻璃中,无机材料与有机材料之间的中间层粘接不够均匀、环境温度变化时易导致结构破坏的问题。
为解决上述技术问题,本申请是这样实现的:
第一方面,提供一种防弹玻璃的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:形成第一玻璃体与第二玻璃体;于第一玻璃体与第二玻璃体的边缘布置密封胶条,第一玻璃体、第二玻璃体和密封胶条之间形成空腔间隙,并设置与空腔间隙连通的注胶孔与出气孔;由注胶孔向空腔间隙内注入高透明有机硅凝胶,待空腔间隙注满后,密封注胶孔;固化形成防弹玻璃。
在第一方面的第一种可能实现方式中,高透明有机硅凝胶是使用第一组份与第二组份混合及脱泡制备而成,且第一组份与第二组份的重量比为1:1。
结合第一方面的第一种可能实现方式,在第一方面的第二种可能实现方式中,第一组分包括以下重量份原料:乙烯基封端聚硅氧烷40-50份,铂催化剂5-10份,填料1-10份。
结合第一方面的第一种可能实现方式,在第一方面的第三种可能实现方式中,第二组分包括以下重量份原料:多乙烯基聚硅氧烷10-30份,端侧氢聚硅氧烷10-15份,填料10-20份,硅烷偶联剂5-15份。
结合第一方面的第一种可能实现方式,在第一方面的第四种可能实现方式中,第一组分与第二组分是在真空容器中,在-0.08MPa下脱泡5分钟,形成高透明有机硅凝胶。
在第一方面的第五种可能实现方式中,将第一面板、第一中间层和第二面板层叠后,整体热压成型,形成第一玻璃体。
结合第一方面的第五种可能实现方式,在第一方面的第六种可能实现方式中,第一面板和第二面板使用浮法玻璃,第一中间层使用聚氨酯。
在第一方面的第七种可能实现方式中,将第一背板、第二中间层和第二背板层叠后,整体热压成型,形成第二玻璃体。
在第一方面的第八种可能实现方式中,第一背板和第二背板使用聚碳酸酯材料,第二中间层使用聚氨酯。
第二方面,提供一种根据上述第一方面中任意一项的防弹玻璃的制备方法制备的防弹玻璃,其包括:第一玻璃体、第二玻璃体、密封胶条和高透明有机硅凝胶,密封胶条布置于第一玻璃体与第二玻璃体的边缘,第一玻璃体、第二玻璃体和密封胶条之间形成空腔间隙,高透明有机硅凝胶填充于空腔间隙中。
本申请与现有技术相比具有的优点有:
本申请的防弹玻璃及其制备方法。将半凝固状态的高透明有机硅凝胶灌注于第一玻璃体、第二玻璃体和密封胶条形成空腔间隙内,固化后形成防弹玻璃的中间层,如此可以解决现有无机有机复合结构的防弹玻璃中,无机材料与有机材料之间中间层粘接不够均匀、环境温度变化时易导致结构破坏的问题,并且可以大大提升防弹效果。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解,构成本申请的一部分,本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请,并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中:
图1是本申请一实施例的防弹玻璃的制备方法的步骤流程示意图;
图2是本申请一实施例的防弹玻璃的示意图;
图3是本申请一实施例的防弹玻璃在制备过中的示意图。
具体实施方式
对于无机与有机复合的防弹玻璃而言,其制备方式是在全无机防弹玻璃的背面通过中间层粘接透明有机板材,然而由于有机材料与无机复材料热膨胀系数差距大,传热系数差距更大,当环境温度变化大时,材料间容易发生扭曲变形导致玻璃破裂,玻璃上的丝印层脱落,有机材料产生应力集中破坏的问题。
本申请采用高透明有机硅凝胶作为防弹玻璃的中间层,将其灌注于有机材料与无机复材料之间,如此可以解决现有无机有机复合结构的防弹玻璃中,无机材料与有机材料之间中间层粘接不够均匀、环境温度变化时易导致结构破坏的问题。
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合附图对本申请实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
关于本文中所使用的“第一”、“第二”等,并非特别指称次序或顺位的意思,亦非用以限定本申请,其仅仅是为了区别以相同技术用语描述的组件或操作而已。
请参阅图1,其是本申请一实施例的防弹玻璃的制备方法的步骤流程示意图。如图所示,防弹玻璃的制备方法S包括以下步骤S1至步骤S4。其中:
步骤S1,形成第一玻璃体2与第二玻璃体3。
具体而言,请参阅图2,其是本申请一实施例的防弹玻璃的示意图。如图所示,第一玻璃体2是防弹玻璃1的外层,最先承受子弹的冲击,因此第一玻璃体2的第一面板21和第二面板22选择使用浮法玻璃,第一中间层23选择使用聚氨酯,在将第一面板21、第一中间层23和第二面板22层叠后,整体热压成型,形成第一玻璃体2。在子弹击中浮法玻璃时,由于浮法玻璃具有足够的硬度及压缩强度,会导致弹头变形,玻璃破碎,子弹的动能转换为子弹的形变能量及玻璃破碎能量,弹头形变变钝,这样有利于后续有机材料对弹头的阻断。
承上所述,第二玻璃体3是防弹玻璃1的内层,要防止子弹飞溅,因此第二玻璃体3的第一背板31和第二背板32选择使用聚碳酸酯材料,第二中间层33选择使用聚氨酯,在将第一背板31、第二中间层33和第二背板32层叠后,整体热压成型,形成第二玻璃体3。在子弹穿过浮法玻璃后,利用聚碳酸酯材料的韧性,通过自身形变消耗子弹动能,保证不会产品飞溅。需要说明的是,上述所选浮法玻璃要符合GB 11614要求,聚碳酸酯也复合相应技术要求。
步骤S2,布置密封胶条4。于第一玻璃体2与第二玻璃体3的边缘布置密封胶条4,第一玻璃体2、第二玻璃体3和密封胶条4之间形成空腔间隙,并设置与空腔间隙连通的注胶孔S01与出气孔S02。
具体而言,请参阅图3且同时参阅图1,图3是本申请一实施例的防弹玻璃在制备过中的示意图。如图所示,在第二面板22的四周布置一定厚度的密封胶条4,然后将第一背板31与第二面板22平行放置于密封胶条4上,第一玻璃体2、第二玻璃体3和密封胶条4之间形成空腔间隙,第一玻璃体2与第二玻璃体3的四周用固定架固定,同时通过垫片第二面板22与第一背板31之间空腔间隙,再将第一玻璃体2与第二玻璃体3竖直放置,于空腔间隙的下方设置注胶孔S01,空腔间隙的上方设置出气口。
步骤S3,注入高透明有机硅凝胶5。由注胶孔S01向空腔间隙内注入高透明有机硅凝胶5,待空腔间隙注满后,密封注胶孔S01。
具体而言,按以下重量份称取第一组分原料:乙烯基封端聚硅氧烷40-50份、铂催化剂5-10份、填料1-10份,然后将这些原料放入容器内充分搅拌均匀,制得第一组分。按以下重量份称取第二组分原料:多乙烯基聚硅氧烷10-30份,端侧氢聚硅氧烷10-15份,填料10-20份,硅烷偶联剂5-15份,然后将这些原料放入另一容器内充分搅拌均匀,制得第二组分。
承上所述,按照重量比为1:1称取上述第一组分与第二组分,然后将称取的第一组份和第二组份放入真空容器中,在-0.08MPa下脱泡5分钟,形成高透明有机硅凝胶5。此时的高透明有机硅凝胶5属于半凝固状态,具有良好的密封性,柔软性好,可减少或消除内部应力,耐高低温在-50℃和220℃内保持良好性能。然后从注胶孔S01处向空腔间隙内注入高透明有机硅凝胶5,空腔间隙住满后,将注胶孔S01密封。
步骤S4,固化形成防弹玻璃1。
具体而言,在固化时可以根据实际生产情况选择相应的固化方式,例如若在冬季需很长时间才能固化,可以采用加热方式固化,80-100℃下固化20分钟,室温条件下一般需8小时左右固化。在完全固化后,取下固定架,防弹玻璃1制作完成,该防弹玻璃1呈无色透明,透光性极高。
复参阅图2所示,本实施例所制备的防弹玻璃1包括第一玻璃体2、第二玻璃体3、密封胶条4和高透明有机硅凝胶5。第一玻璃体2是由第一面板21、第一中间层23和第二面板22层叠热压成型。第一面板21和第二面板22使用浮法玻璃,第一中间层23使用聚氨酯。第二玻璃体3是由第一背板31、第二中间层33和第二背板32层叠热压成型。第一背板31和第二背板32使用聚碳酸酯材料,第二中间层33使用聚氨酯。
承上所述,密封胶条4布置于第一玻璃体2与第二玻璃体3的边缘。第一玻璃体2、第二玻璃体3和密封胶条4之间形成空腔间隙。高透明有机硅凝胶5填充于空腔间隙中。高透明有机硅凝胶5是由重量比为1:1的第一组份与第二组份混合脱泡制备而成。
当子弹击中本防弹玻璃1,子弹穿透第一面板21、第一中间层23和第二面板22后,第一面板21与第二面板22碎裂及第一中间层23会抵消部分子弹动能,接着进入第一玻璃体2与第二玻璃体3之间的高透明有机硅凝胶5,突然的介质变化会使弹头方向发生大的偏转,即原先垂直于第一玻璃体2方向的弹道会偏离垂直方向,相当于在防弹玻璃1总厚度不变的情况下,延长了弹头的穿刺距离,大大提升了防弹效果。
以下将结合具体实施例进一步说明本申请防弹玻璃的制备方法的使用方法。
步骤1,称取分别第一组分原料与第二组分原料,并将其在各自的容器内充分搅拌均匀,然后按照重量比为1:1混合,搅拌均匀后放入真空容器中,在-0.08MPa下脱泡5分钟,即可灌注使用。
步骤2,先挑选符合设计要求的浮法玻璃、聚碳酸酯和中间层聚氨酯,将它们按设计结构和工艺要求分两部分进行合片,第一面板21、第一中间层23和第二面板22整体热压罐热压成型,第一背板31、第二中间层33和第二背板32整体热压罐热压成型。
步骤3,在第二面板22的四周布置厚度3mm的密封胶条4,在温度20℃-25℃,湿度40%-50%的无尘室中,将第一背板31与第二面板22相互平行放置,四周用固定架固定,通过2mm垫片控制第一背板31与第二面板22之间空腔间隙。
步骤4,将上述制作的防弹玻璃结构2竖直放置,注胶孔S01位于下端,出气孔S02位于上端,从注胶孔S01处向空腔内注入硅凝胶,腔室住满后,将注胶孔S01密封。
步骤5,注胶完成后,固化速度受固化温度的影响,在冬季需很长时间才能固化,建议采用加热方式固化,80-100℃下固化20分钟,室温条件下一般需8小时左右固化。完全固化后取下固定架,防弹玻璃1制作完成。
综上所述,本申请提供了一种防弹玻璃及其制备方法。将半凝固状态的高透明有机硅凝胶灌注于第一玻璃体、第二玻璃体和密封胶条形成空腔间隙内,固化后形成防弹玻璃的中间层,如此可以解决现有无机有机复合结构的防弹玻璃中,无机材料与有机材料之间中间层粘接不够均匀、环境温度变化时易导致结构破坏的问题,并且可以大大提升防弹效果。
需要说明的是,在本文中,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者装置不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者装置所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下,由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素,并不排除在包括该要素的过程、方法、物品或者装置中还存在另外的相同要素。
上面结合附图对本申请的实施例进行了描述,但是本申请并不局限于上述的具体实施方式,上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的,而不是限制性的,本领域的普通技术人员在本申请的启示下,在不脱离本申请宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下,还可做出很多形式,均属于本申请的保护之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种防弹玻璃的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
形成第一玻璃体与第二玻璃体,其中将第一面板、第一中间层和第二面板层叠后,整体热压成型,形成所述第一玻璃体,所述第一面板和所述第二面板使用浮法玻璃,所述第一中间层使用聚氨酯;
于所述第一玻璃体与所述第二玻璃体的边缘布置密封胶条,所述第一玻璃体、所述第二玻璃体和所述密封胶条之间形成空腔间隙,并设置与所述空腔间隙连通的注胶孔与出气孔;
由所述注胶孔向所述空腔间隙内注入高透明有机硅凝胶,待所述空腔间隙注满后,密封所述注胶孔,所述高透明有机硅凝胶是使用第一组份与第二组份混合及脱泡制备而成,且所述第一组份与所述第二组份的重量比为1:1,所述第一组分包括以下重量份原料:乙烯基封端聚硅氧烷40-50份,铂催化剂5-10份,填料1-10份,所述第二组分包括以下重量份原料:多乙烯基聚硅氧烷10-30份,端侧氢聚硅氧烷10-15份,填料10-20份,硅烷偶联剂5-15份,所述第一组分与所述第二组分是在真空容器中,在-0.08MPa下脱泡5分钟,形成所述高透明有机硅凝胶;
固化形成所述防弹玻璃。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防弹玻璃的制备方法,其特征在于,将第一背板、第二中间层和第二背板层叠后,整体热压成型,形成所述第二玻璃体。
3.根据权利要求2所述的防弹玻璃的制备方法,其特征在于,所述第一背板和所述第二背板使用聚碳酸酯材料,所述第二中间层使用聚氨酯。
4.一种根据上述权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的防弹玻璃的制备方法制备的防弹玻璃,其特征在于,包括:第一玻璃体、第二玻璃体、密封胶条和高透明有机硅凝胶,所述密封胶条布置于所述第一玻璃体与所述第二玻璃体的边缘,所述第一玻璃体、所述第二玻璃体和所述密封胶条之间形成空腔间隙,所述高透明有机硅凝胶填充于所述空腔间隙中。
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