CN114346410A - Real-time processing path generation process for three-dimensional scanning and verification - Google Patents
Real-time processing path generation process for three-dimensional scanning and verification Download PDFInfo
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- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010200 validation analysis Methods 0.000 claims 9
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000013499 data model Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010329 laser etching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/0869—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
- B23K26/0876—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction in at least two axial directions
- B23K26/0884—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction in at least two axial directions in at least in three axial directions, e.g. manipulators, robots
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses a real-time processing path generation process for three-dimensional scanning and verification, which comprises the following steps: firstly, scanning and acquiring area array type model data information A of the surface of a workpiece to be machined by a first area array scanning camera to form an initial machining path planning road section; secondly, in the synchronous process of forming an initial processing path planning section, acquiring area array type model data information B of the surface of a workpiece in real-time data acquisition of a scanning galvanometer, a beam combining lens and a second area array scanning camera, wherein the model data information B and the model data information A are compared and verified to eliminate deviation, and a real-time deviation elimination path planning section is formed; and finally, forming a real-time processing path planning road section on the basis of synchronously implementing the initial processing path planning road section and the real-time elimination deviation path planning road section. The invention can not only greatly shorten the data processing time and reduce the cost of hardware and software required by data processing, but also accurately implement 3D laser processing under the mode of eliminating deviation.
Description
The application is a divisional application of multi-axis linkage processing equipment and a method with application date of 2021, 12 and 6, application number of 2021114753162, and name of real-time acquisition and three-dimensional scanning and verification.
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of 3D laser processing, and particularly relates to a real-time processing path generation process for three-dimensional scanning and verification.
Background
With the development of 3D laser processing technology, many products adopt a 3D laser processing mode to perform laser etching processing, specifically, a thermal physical effect formed by the change of physical state caused by the interaction between laser and the processed material and a comprehensive result generated by various energy changes, that is, a laser beam initially passes through a focusing lens and then irradiates on a workpiece in a focal plane, so that the temperature of the surface of the processed material rises rapidly, when the temperature rises to be close to the evaporation temperature of the material, the removal processing of the material by the laser starts, at this time, a solid metal undergoes a strong phase change, the metal starts to melt at first, then a part starts to vaporize, as the temperature rises continuously, the metal vapor carries a liquid phase substance to be sprayed out violently from the bottom of the liquid phase at a very high speed, so as to expose a new surface at the bottom under the irradiation of the laser beam, therefore, the required laser etching processing structure can be obtained by continuously irradiating, melting-evaporating, splashing and irradiating until the required laser etching depth is reached or the whole workpiece material is penetrated, and simultaneously, the laser beam moves according to the set speed and path.
Currently, in the 3D laser processing process, a surface array micro-structure diagram of a workpiece to be processed is generally obtained, then a virtual layout and design are performed to form a processing path, and then a laser beam moves linearly or rotates around an axis in a coordinate system formed by X, Y, Z axes according to the set processing path to process the surface of the workpiece.
Obviously, if the above processing method is adopted, the following defects exist:
1. once the shape of the surface to be processed of the product to be processed is too complex, the process of forming the surface array microstructure diagram is also very complex, and a long time is needed for data arrangement, and then data modeling is carried out to form a processing path, so that the processing efficiency is low, and a huge and complex database is also needed;
2. if the characteristics of the curved surface and the specific area thereof deviate from the provided data model due to the manufacturing precision, the method cannot eliminate the deviation in time, and if the data model is directly used for laser processing, the deviation is directly converted into the processing deviation, so that the qualified rate of the processed workpiece is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide an improved real-time processing path generation process for three-dimensional scanning and verification.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a real-time processing path generating process for three-dimensional scanning and verification is characterized in that an adopted real-time processing path generating system comprises a first area array scanning camera and a second area array scanning camera which are arranged in front and back and fixedly connected to a 3D laser processing component, wherein a scanning area formed by the first area array scanning camera and a scanning area formed by the second area array scanning camera share a boundary edge, the 3D laser processing component comprises a fixed seat, a laser emitter, a scanning galvanometer and a beam combining lens, and the process comprises the following steps:
firstly, a first area array scanning camera scans and acquires area array type model data information A of the surface of a workpiece to be processed, and an initial processing path planning road section is formed under the model data information A;
secondly, in the synchronous process of forming an initial processing path planning section, acquiring area array type model data information B of the surface of a workpiece in real-time data acquisition by the scanning galvanometer, the beam combining lens and the second area array scanning camera, wherein the model data information B and the model data information A are compared and verified to eliminate deviation, and a real-time deviation elimination path planning section is formed;
and finally, forming a real-time processing path planning road section on the basis of synchronously implementing the initial processing path planning road section and the real-time elimination deviation path planning road section.
Preferably, before the real-time deviation elimination path planning section is formed, a reference processing path planning section is further provided, the reference processing path planning section is obtained from the workpiece surface change curve, and the first area array scanning camera is implemented according to the reference processing path planning section to obtain the area array type model data information a.
According to a specific implementation and preferred aspect of the invention, the surface of the workpiece is processed to form a plurality of continuous surfaces to be processed, and the scanning area formed by the first area-array scanning camera and the scanning area formed by the second area-array scanning camera are respectively positioned on two adjacent surfaces to be processed or positioned on the same surface to be processed. The requirement of pre-scanning is met, and meanwhile, the requirement of accessories required by data storage and calculation is optimally reduced, namely, the forming efficiency of a real-time processing path planning section is improved, and the processing cost is reduced.
Preferably, the laser processing area formed by the laser emitter is positioned in the scanning area formed by the second area-array scanning camera, and the center of the laser processing area is aligned with the center of the scanning area. This facilitates accurate laser machining of the workpiece surface.
Preferably, the first area array scanning camera and the second area array scanning camera are mounted on the fixing base, and the model data information B is acquired by the synchronous motion of the second area array scanning camera, the scanning galvanometer and the beam combining lens.
According to yet another embodiment and preferred aspect of the present invention, the second area-array scanning camera is located below the combining lens and forms an effective scanning area capable of covering the laser beam passing through the combining lens. Thus, when laser processing is carried out, the angle and the position of the laser transmitter can be adjusted in time through the model data information obtained by the second area array scanning camera, and therefore accurate processing is carried out.
Preferably, the central line of the scanning area formed by the second area-array scanning camera is arranged perpendicular to the light beam passing through the central area of the scanning galvanometer. The benefits of this arrangement are: the model data information acquired by the second area array scanning camera is more accurate, and the deviation is further reduced, so that the best deviation eliminating effect is achieved.
The first area array scanning camera and the laser emitter are arranged side by side, and the central line of a scanning area formed by the first area array scanning camera is parallel to a light beam passing through the central area of the scanning galvanometer. Thus, the translational laser processing is convenient to implement after the deviation is eliminated.
In addition, the scanning window of the first area array scanning camera and the light beam emission window of the laser emitter are arranged in a coplanar and flush mode.
Due to the implementation of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention collects in real time, eliminates deviation and forms a real-time processing path under the real-time comparison and verification of the model data information B and the model data information A, not only can greatly shorten the data processing time, but also can reduce the manufacturing cost of hardware and software required by data processing, and can accurately implement 3D laser processing under the mode of eliminating the deviation so as to greatly improve the qualification rate of workpiece processing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a multi-axis linkage machining apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the 3D laser processing principle of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the 3D laser machined workpiece corresponding to FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of a workpiece after 3D laser machining according to the present invention;
wherein: 1. a processing platform; 2. a 3D laser machined component; 20. a fixed seat; 21. a laser transmitter; 22. scanning a galvanometer; 23. a beam combining lens; 3. a machining path planning section; 31. a first area-array scanning camera; 32. a second area-array scanning camera; 4. a multi-axis moving part; 40. a linear motion unit; 41. a rotating unit; p, reference processing path section; G. a workpiece; q1, Q2, scan area; q, shaded portion.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, a first feature "on" or "under" a second feature may be directly contacted with the first and second features, or indirectly contacted with the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not denote a unique embodiment.
As shown in fig. 1, the multi-axis linkage processing apparatus for real-time acquisition and three-dimensional scanning and verification according to the present embodiment includes a processing platform 1, a 3D laser processing component 2, a processing path planning component 3 (real-time processing path generation process), and a multi-axis motion component 4.
The processing platform 1 is horizontally arranged, and simultaneously, a three-axis coordinate system of an X axis extending along the length direction of the processing platform 1, a Y axis extending along the thickness direction of the processing platform 1 and a Z axis extending along the width direction of the processing platform 1 is formed on the processing platform 1.
The workpiece G is positioned on the processing table 1 so as to extend from the longitudinal direction along the X-axis direction, extend from the width direction along the Z-axis direction, and extend from the thickness direction along the Y-axis direction.
The 3D laser processing component 2 includes a fixing base 20 fixedly connected to an end portion far from the origin in the Z-axis direction, a laser emitter 21 mounted on the fixing base 20, a scanning galvanometer 22, and a beam combining lens 23.
The machining path planning part 3 (real-time machining path generating process) and the 3D laser machining part 2 move synchronously, and the machining path planning part 3 includes a first area-array scanning camera 31 and a second area-array scanning camera 32 which are arranged back and forth along the moving direction of the machining path and fixedly connected to the fixing base 20.
In this example, the first area array scanning camera 31 is used for scanning and acquiring model data information a of a surface to be processed of the workpiece in advance, and the second area array scanning camera 32 is used for acquiring model data information B of the processed surface of the workpiece in real time.
As shown in fig. 2, the first area-array scanning camera 31 is arranged side by side with the laser emitter 21, and a central line of a scanning area formed by the first area-array scanning camera 31 is arranged in parallel with a light beam passing through a central area of the scanning galvanometer 22. Thus, the translational laser processing is convenient to implement after the deviation is eliminated.
Specifically, the scanning window of the first area-array scanning camera 31 is flush with the beam emission window of the laser emitter 21.
The second area array scanning camera 32 is located below the beam combining lens 23, and forms an effective scanning area capable of covering the laser beam passing through the beam combining lens 23. Thus, when laser processing is carried out, the angle and the position of the laser transmitter can be adjusted in time through the model data information obtained by the second area array scanning camera, and therefore accurate processing is carried out.
The center line of the scanning area formed by the second area-array scanning camera 32 is arranged perpendicular to the light beam passing through the central area of the scanning galvanometer 22. The benefits of this arrangement are: the model data information acquired by the second area array scanning camera is more accurate, and the deviation is further reduced, so that the best deviation eliminating effect is achieved.
As shown in fig. 3, the scanning area Q1 formed by the first area-array scanning camera 31 and the scanning area Q2 formed by the second area-array scanning camera 32 share a boundary. Therefore, the integration of the model data information B and the model data information A can be optimally realized, the requirements of hardware and software required by data processing are further reduced, and the cost is saved.
In this example, the model data information B is obtained by the synchronous motion of the second area-array scanning camera 32, the scanning galvanometer 22, and the beam combining lens 23. Therefore, the data of the 3D curved surface can be accurately acquired, verified and processed in real time.
In addition, under the real-time comparison and verification of the model data information B and the model data information A, deviation is eliminated and a real-time processing path is formed, the fixed seat 20 is driven by the multi-axis moving component 4, and the laser emitter 21 carries out 3D laser processing on the surface to be processed of the workpiece along the real-time processing path.
Meanwhile, the multi-axis linkage processing equipment further comprises a moving path input module, wherein a group of reference processing path sections P is formed on the surface of the workpiece to be processed, the moving path input module is used for inputting information of the reference processing path sections P, and the first area array scanning camera 31 acquires model data information a in advance according to the information input. Under the input of the reference processing path segment P, the control of the motion path of the first area-array scanning camera 31 is facilitated, thereby further improving the efficiency of laser processing.
The multi-axis moving component 4 includes linear moving units 40 moving axially along X, Y, Z, respectively, and rotating units 41 rotating about the Z-axis, wherein the rotating units 41 rotate about the W-direction.
The surface of the workpiece is processed to form a plurality of continuous surfaces to be processed, and the scanning area formed by the first area array scanning camera 31 and the scanning area formed by the second area array scanning camera 32 are located on the same surface to be processed. The requirement of pre-scanning is met, and meanwhile, the requirement of accessories required by data storage and calculation is optimally reduced, namely, the forming efficiency of a real-time processing path planning section is improved, and the processing cost is reduced.
The laser processing area formed by the laser emitter 21 is located in the scanning area formed by the second area-array scanning camera 32, and the center of the processing area is aligned with the center of the scanning area. This facilitates accurate laser machining of the workpiece surface.
Referring to fig. 4, the implementation process of this embodiment is as follows:
s1, placing workpieces
The length direction of the processed workpiece extends along the X-axis direction, the width direction extends along the Z-axis direction, and the thickness direction extends along the Y-axis direction, and the processed workpiece is positioned on the processing platform 1;
s2 planning machining path
Firstly, a reference processing path section P is obtained from a workpiece surface change curve, the 3D laser processing component 2 is driven by the multi-axis motion component 4 in X, Y, Z axes and W directions to move along the reference processing path section P, at the moment, the first area array scanning camera 31 obtains area array type model data information A, and an initial processing path planning section is formed under the model data information A;
secondly, in the synchronous process of forming the initial processing path planning section, acquiring area array type model data information B of the surface of the workpiece in real-time data acquisition by the scanning galvanometer 22, the beam combining lens 23 and the second area array scanning camera 32, wherein the model data information B and the model data information A are compared and verified to eliminate deviation, and a real-time deviation elimination path planning section is formed;
finally, forming a real-time processing path planning road section on the basis of synchronously implementing the initial processing path planning road section and the real-time elimination deviation path planning road section;
s3, laser processing
The multi-axis motion part 4 drives the 3D laser processing part to laser process the surface of the workpiece step by step from back to front along the real-time processing path planning section to complete the continuous processing of the shaded portion Q in fig. 4.
In summary, the advantages of this embodiment are as follows:
1) the characteristics of the curved surface and the specific area of the product to be processed are obtained, the provided model data and the model data which are synchronously acquired in real time are mutually verified, a data model for eliminating deviation is formed, and meanwhile, a real-time processing path is synchronously generated according to the data model, so that 3D laser processing can be accurately implemented, and the qualified rate of workpiece processing is greatly improved;
2) on the premise that the two scanning areas share one boundary, the method not only meets the path planning of pre-scanning, but also can greatly shorten the data processing time and reduce the manufacturing cost of hardware and software required by data processing, namely, the forming efficiency of processing the path planning road section in real time is accelerated, and the processing cost is reduced;
3) under the coordination of the scanning galvanometer, the beam combining lens and the second area array scanning camera, model data information B can be more accurately obtained, and deviation is eliminated under the combination of the model data information B and the model data information A so as to obtain a real-time deviation-eliminated path planning section, and thus an accurate real-time machining path planning section is obtained;
4) before the three-dimensional scanning is implemented, after the model data information of the reference machining path section is input, the model data information A can be obtained more conveniently, rapidly and accurately.
The present invention has been described in detail in order to enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention and to practice it, and it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A real-time processing path generation process for three-dimensional scanning and verification is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the adopted real-time processing path generation system comprises a first area array scanning camera and a second area array scanning camera which are arranged in front and back and fixedly connected on a 3D laser processing component, wherein a scanning area formed by the first area array scanning camera and a scanning area formed by the second area array scanning camera share a boundary edge, the 3D laser processing component comprises a fixed seat, a laser transmitter, a scanning galvanometer and a beam combining lens which are arranged on the fixed seat, and the real-time processing path generation system comprises the following processes:
firstly, a first area array scanning camera scans and acquires area array type model data information A of the surface of a workpiece to be processed, and an initial processing path planning road section is formed under the model data information A;
secondly, in the synchronous process of forming an initial processing path planning section, acquiring area array type model data information B of the surface of a workpiece in real-time data acquisition by the scanning galvanometer, the beam combining lens and the second area array scanning camera, wherein the model data information B and the model data information A are compared and verified to eliminate deviation, and a real-time deviation elimination path planning section is formed;
and finally, forming a real-time processing path planning road section on the basis of synchronously implementing the initial processing path planning road section and the real-time elimination deviation path planning road section.
2. The three-dimensional scanning and validation real-time processing path generation process of claim 1, wherein: before a real-time deviation elimination path planning section is formed, a reference processing path planning section is further arranged and obtained through a workpiece surface change curve, and the first area array scanning camera is used for obtaining the area array type model data information A according to the reference processing path planning section.
3. The process of three-dimensional scanning and validation of real-time processing path generation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: and processing the surface of the workpiece to form a plurality of continuous surfaces to be processed, wherein a scanning area formed by the first area array scanning camera and a scanning area formed by the second area array scanning camera are respectively positioned on two adjacent surfaces to be processed or on the same surface to be processed.
4. The three-dimensional scanning and validation real-time processing path generation process of claim 1, wherein: the laser processing area formed by the laser emitter is positioned in the scanning area formed by the second area array scanning camera, and the center of the laser processing area is aligned with the center of the scanning area.
5. The three-dimensional scanning and validation real-time processing path generation process of claim 1, wherein: the first area array scanning camera and the second area array scanning camera are installed on the fixed seat, and the model data information B is obtained by the synchronous motion of the second area array scanning camera, the scanning galvanometer and the beam combining lens.
6. The three-dimensional scanning and validation real-time processing path generation process of claim 5, wherein: the second area array scanning camera is positioned below the beam combining lens, and an effective scanning area is formed to cover the laser beam passing through the beam combining lens.
7. The three-dimensional scanning and validation real-time processing path generation process of claim 6, wherein: the central line of a scanning area formed by the second area-array scanning camera is perpendicular to the light beam passing through the central area of the scanning galvanometer.
8. The three-dimensional scanning and validation real-time processing path generation process of claim 1, wherein: the first area array scanning camera and the laser transmitter are arranged side by side.
9. The three-dimensional scanning and validation real-time processing path generation process of claim 8, wherein: the central line of a scanning area formed by the first area array scanning camera is parallel to the light beam passing through the central area of the scanning galvanometer.
10. The three-dimensional scanning and validation real-time processing path generation process of claim 1, wherein: and the scanning window of the first area array scanning camera is coplanar and flush with the beam emission window of the laser emitter.
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| CN114346410B (en) | 2024-02-13 |
| CN113857654A (en) | 2021-12-31 |
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| CN114346409A (en) | 2022-04-15 |
| CN113857654B (en) | 2022-02-22 |
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