CN112775443A - Single-laser large-breadth galvanometer movable 3D printing device and method - Google Patents
Single-laser large-breadth galvanometer movable 3D printing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112775443A CN112775443A CN202011390422.6A CN202011390422A CN112775443A CN 112775443 A CN112775443 A CN 112775443A CN 202011390422 A CN202011390422 A CN 202011390422A CN 112775443 A CN112775443 A CN 112775443A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
Abstract
The invention provides a single-laser large-breadth galvanometer mobile 3D printing device and a method thereof. The invention is suitable for metal 3D printing equipment, and provides a method for widening a formed breadth by moving a vibrating mirror along with a printing area in a part forming process aiming at the difficulty that a single fixed vibrating mirror can not form parts with the breadth of 500mm multiplied by 500mm and above. The method can overcome the problem of mechanical property difference of part dividing and connecting lines caused by power difference among multiple vibrating mirrors, and can effectively improve the forming breadth of equipment so that the forming breadth of a single vibrating mirror is possible to be 500mm multiplied by 500mm or more. Meanwhile, the two-dimensional redundant scanning strategy suitable for the galvanometer mobile 3D printing device disclosed by the invention can realize interactive scanning of different scanning methods on the same section, and can effectively relieve the problem of part forming failure caused by thermal stress and thermal deformation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of additive manufacturing, in particular to a single-laser large-breadth galvanometer movable 3D printing device and method.
Background
In the field of metal additive, the scanning breadth of a galvanometer is limited by factors such as a scanning deflection angle, a focal length and the like, so that the forming breadth of a single galvanometer is limited within 350mm multiplied by 350 mm. Large-format metal additive manufacturing equipment often adopts a mode of combination of galvanometers, namely a single equipment is provided with a plurality of groups of galvanometer scanning systems. The multi-galvanometer scanning is beneficial to improving the forming efficiency of the equipment, but the bonding strength is reduced at the joint of the blocks of the parts due to the power deviation of different sets of laser devices.
Therefore, in order to overcome the defects of the additive manufacturing equipment, the invention provides a single-laser large-breadth galvanometer mobile 3D printing device. On the premise of using a single vibrating mirror, the forming breadth is improved to 500mm multiplied by 500mm or more by moving the position of the vibrating mirror, and meanwhile, the problem of strength difference of part block connecting parts is effectively solved, and the large-breadth forming of the single vibrating mirror is realized. Compared with a multi-galvanometer scanning system, the single-galvanometer scanning and forming efficiency is reduced to some extent, but the single-galvanometer scanning and forming method can be used for improving the forming efficiency of equipment by upgrading the single-galvanometer to a double-galvanometer interactive scanning mode, and can still effectively solve the problem of strength difference of part block connection parts. Meanwhile, in order to effectively relieve the problem of part forming failure caused by thermal stress and thermal deformation, a two-dimensional redundant scanning strategy suitable for a vibrating mirror movable 3D printing device is provided, and interactive change of scanning methods on the same section can be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a single-laser large-breadth galvanometer movable 3D printing device and a method.
The invention provides a single-laser large-breadth galvanometer mobile 3D printing device which comprises an X-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor, a Y-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor, a high-rigidity galvanometer component, a scanning planning system, a laser and an industrial personal computer, wherein:
the high-rigidity galvanometer component is arranged on a movable panel above the X-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor module and the Y-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor module and is used for realizing the focusing of laser energy and the sintering molding of metal powder;
a laser for converting electrical energy into a high energy beam source for melting the metal powder;
the scanning planning system is used for dividing the part to be printed into a plurality of sub-scanning areas layer by layer, planning the optimal scanning path of each sub-scanning area and sending planning data to the industrial personal computer;
and the industrial personal computer implements motion control on the X-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor module and the Y-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor module based on the received planning data.
Preferably, the X-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor and the Y-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor respectively enable the high-rigidity galvanometer component to horizontally move in the X direction and the Y direction at high precision and high speed.
Preferably, the high-precision high-speed linear motor in the X direction and the high-precision high-speed linear motor in the Y direction both comprise a high-precision high-speed linear motor mechanism, a servo motor, a position sensor group and a grating ruler, wherein:
the servo motor can drive the sliding block of the high-precision high-speed linear motor mechanism to move at a high speed;
the grating ruler monitors the motion position in real time and feeds back to the industrial personal computer for corresponding compensation;
the position sensor assembly is used for detecting and feeding back position information of the movement.
Preferably, the high rigidity galvanometer component comprises a collimating mirror, a focusing mirror and an RTC motion control plate, wherein:
the RTC motion control plate controls the motion of the laser and the high-rigidity galvanometer component;
the collimating lens collimates the laser beam emitted by the laser;
the focusing lens focuses the collimated laser beam to the working plane.
Preferably, the laser comprises an SPI laser or an IPG laser.
Preferably, the X-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor module realizes high-rigidity galvanometer component high-precision high-speed horizontal movement with repeated positioning precision of 3um in the X direction, wherein the X direction is not lower than 5 m/s;
the high-precision high-speed linear motor module in the Y direction realizes that the high-rigidity galvanometer component is not lower than 5m/s in the Y direction, and the high-precision high-speed horizontal movement of 3um of repeated positioning precision.
Preferably, the position sensor assembly includes a limit sensor and a zero position sensor.
According to the invention, the single-laser large-breadth galvanometer mobile 3D printing method based on the single-laser large-breadth galvanometer mobile 3D printing device provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
scanning and planning: the scanning planning system divides the part to be printed into a plurality of sub-scanning areas layer by layer, optimally designs the scanning strategy of each sub-scanning area according to the existing process parameter packet, plans out the optimal scanning path, and imports the intermediate format file generated by the layered slicing software into the industrial personal computer;
an identification step: the industrial personal computer identifies a path in the scanning path file and generates an XY platform moving path file which is consistent with a scanning path of the galvanometer;
a motion control step: the industrial personal computer sends out an instruction to carry out motion control on the X-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor module and the Y-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor module according to each layer of planned scanning strategy and path file;
sintering: after the XY platform motion control is finished each time, the laser cooperates with the high-rigidity galvanometer component to execute metal powder sintering work of the sub-scanning area one by one according to the scanning file.
Preferably, the method further comprises the zero returning step: the industrial personal computer sends out an instruction to enable the X, Y-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor module to carry out zero returning operation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention is suitable for metal 3D printing equipment, and provides a method for widening the formed breadth by moving the vibrating mirror along with a printing area in the part forming process aiming at the difficulty that a single fixed vibrating mirror can not form parts with the breadth of 500mm multiplied by 500mm and above;
2. the invention can overcome the problem of mechanical property difference of part dividing and connecting lines caused by power difference among multiple vibrating mirrors, and can effectively improve the forming breadth of equipment to enable the forming breadth of a single vibrating mirror to be 500mm multiplied by 500mm and more;
3. the invention can realize the interactive scanning of different scanning methods on the same section and can effectively relieve the problem of part forming failure caused by thermal stress and thermal deformation.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-laser large-breadth galvanometer mobile 3D printing device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional redundant scanning strategy;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an X, Y-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor module;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a high stiffness galvanometer assembly.
The figures show that:
x-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor 1
High-precision high-speed linear motor mechanism 101
Y-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor 2
High-rigidity galvanometer component 3
Focusing mirror 302
RTC motion control plate 303
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a general diagram of a single-laser large-breadth galvanometer mobile 3D printing device. As shown in fig. 1, the single-laser large-breadth galvanometer mobile 3D printing device comprises an X-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor (1), a Y-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor (2), a high-rigidity galvanometer component (3), a laser (4) and an industrial personal computer (5).
Before the printing work is started, the layered slicing software divides the part to be printed into a plurality of sub-scanning areas layer by layer, optimally designs the scanning strategy of each sub-scanning area according to the existing process parameter packet and plans out the optimal scanning path, and the problem of part forming failure caused by thermal stress and thermal deformation is relieved as much as possible. And then, importing an intermediate format file (STL or other formats) generated by the layered slicing software into an industrial personal computer (5), wherein the industrial personal computer (5) identifies a path in the scanning path file and generates an XY platform moving path file which is consistent with a scanning path of the galvanometer.
After the printing work is started, the industrial personal computer (5) sends out an instruction to enable the X, Y-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor module to carry out zero returning operation. After the zero returning is completed, the industrial personal computer (5) sends out an instruction to carry out motion control on the X-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor module (1) and the Y-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor module (2) according to the planned scanning strategy and path file of each layer. After the XY platform motion control is finished each time, the laser (4) cooperates with the high-rigidity galvanometer component (3) to execute metal powder sintering work of the sub-scanning areas one by one according to the scanning file. The high-rigidity galvanometer component (3) is arranged on a movable panel controlled by the X-direction and Y-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor modules, and can be quickly positioned by being driven by the XY linear motors, so that the focusing of laser energy and the sintering molding of metal powder are realized. The laser (4) is used for converting electric energy into a high-energy beam source for melting metal powder. The laser (4) can be selected from SPI and IPG and other similar domestic lasers.
Wherein: x, Y grating ruler intervenes high-precision control in the motion control process of the high-precision high-speed linear motor module, which can not only feed back the system in real time to perform precision compensation, but also display the position state of the equipment in real time.
The main motion parameters of the XY linear motor module are not lower than 5m/s, the acceleration is 0.5-1 g, and the repeated positioning precision is 3 um. The main scanning parameters of the laser and the galvanometer include, for example, a 316L material: the laser power is 500W, the diameter of a focusing light spot of the galvanometer is 50-70 um, the entity scanning speed is 0.5-3 m/s, the entity scanning power is 250W, the outline scanning speed is 3-5 m/s, and the outline scanning power is 80W.
After the printing work is finished, the industrial personal computer (5) sends out an instruction to enable the X, Y-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor module to carry out zero returning operation, and the control is finished.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional redundant scanning strategy. The two-dimensional redundancy means that XY movement control is performed on the galvanometer mounting plane on the premise that the galvanometer already meets XY plane scanning. The purpose of the two-dimensional redundancy control is to enlarge the scanning range so as to achieve the required design index. The two-dimensional redundant single scanning strategy is easy to cause failure problems of thermal stress and thermal deformation due to large thermal stress difference on a large-breadth scanning single layer.
The two-dimensional redundant scanning method suitable for the galvanometer movable 3D printing device provided by the invention realizes different scanning strategies on the same section according to the set galvanometer scanning path, or carries out the movement control of the galvanometer according to the planning of the scanning strategies on the same section on layered slicing software. The method aims to effectively relieve the problem of part forming failure caused by thermal stress and thermal deformation by means of scanning strategy planning. The specific implementation is as follows:
1. the part is segmented layer by the layered slicing software;
2. the craftsman sets the parameters of the single layer cross section: the number of single-layer section division, the single-layer section division shape (software can select a triangle, a rectangle, a polygon and a mixed form), the scanning deflection angle, the scanning method (software can select a uniform form, a checkerboard form, a honeycomb form, a combined form and the like), the alternative filling type selection and the like;
3. and (4) exporting the whole model scanning strategy plan and file inspection.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of an X, Y-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor module. The X-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor module is the same as the Y-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor module, taking the X-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor module (1) as an example, and the X-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor module (1) comprises a high-precision high-speed linear motor mechanism (101), a servo motor (102), a position sensor group (103) and a grating ruler (104). After the industrial personal computer (5) sends out an instruction, the servo motor (102) starts to execute operation to drive the sliding block of the high-precision high-speed linear motor mechanism (101) to move at a high speed, and the grating ruler (104) monitors the movement position in real time and feeds back the control system to perform corresponding compensation, so that high-precision high-speed movement is realized. The position sensor group (103) comprises two limit sensors and a zero position sensor. The device is used for guaranteeing the reliable operation of the equipment.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a high stiffness galvanometer assembly. The high-rigidity galvanometer assembly (3) consists of a collimating lens (301), a focusing lens (302) and an RTC motion control plate (303). The beam expander is also called as a collimating lens (301), and uses the light beam diffraction effect to realize laser collimation, reduce the divergence angle of the light beam and enlarge the diameter of the laser beam. For laser processing, a focusing lens (302) can be used for obtaining fine high-power-density light spots only by adjusting a beam expanding lens to change laser beams into collimated (parallel) beams; the beam expander is matched with the spatial filter for use, so that the asymmetric light beam distribution is changed into symmetric distribution, and the light energy distribution is more uniform. The RTC motion control plate (303) control object comprises: controlling the operation of the laser and controlling the XY-direction movement of the galvanometer scanner.
The invention is suitable for metal 3D printing equipment, and provides a method for widening the formed breadth by moving the vibrating mirror along with a printing area in the part forming process aiming at the difficulty that a single fixed vibrating mirror can not form parts with the breadth of 500mm multiplied by 500mm and above; the problem of mechanical performance difference of part dividing and connecting lines caused by power difference among multiple vibrating mirrors can be solved, and the forming breadth of the equipment can be effectively improved, so that the forming breadth of a single vibrating mirror is possible to be 500mm multiplied by 500mm or more; the method can realize the interactive scanning of different scanning methods on the same section, and can effectively relieve the problem of part forming failure caused by thermal stress and thermal deformation.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a portable 3D printing device of big breadth mirror that shakes of single laser, its characterized in that, includes high-speed linear electric motor of the high accuracy of X direction, the high-speed linear electric motor of the high accuracy of Y direction, high rigidity mirror subassembly, scanning planning system, laser instrument and industrial computer, wherein:
the high-rigidity galvanometer component is arranged on a movable panel above the X-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor module and the Y-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor module and is used for realizing the focusing of laser energy and the sintering molding of metal powder;
a laser for converting electrical energy into a high energy beam source for melting the metal powder;
the scanning planning system is used for dividing the part to be printed into a plurality of sub-scanning areas layer by layer, planning the optimal scanning path of each sub-scanning area and sending planning data to the industrial personal computer;
and the industrial personal computer implements motion control on the X-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor module and the Y-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor module based on the received planning data.
2. The single-laser large-breadth galvanometer moving 3D printing device according to claim 1, wherein the X-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor and the Y-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor respectively enable the high-rigidity galvanometer component to move horizontally in the X direction and the Y direction at high precision and high speed.
3. The single-laser large-format galvanometer mobile 3D printing device according to claim 1, wherein the X-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor and the Y-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor each comprise a high-precision high-speed linear motor mechanism, a servo motor, a position sensor group, and a grating scale, wherein:
the servo motor can drive the sliding block of the high-precision high-speed linear motor mechanism to move at a high speed;
the grating ruler monitors the motion position in real time and feeds back to the industrial personal computer for corresponding compensation;
the position sensor assembly is used for detecting and feeding back position information of the movement.
4. The single-laser large-breadth galvanometer mobile 3D printing device according to claim 1, wherein the high-rigidity galvanometer assembly comprises a collimating mirror, a focusing mirror and an RTC motion control plate, wherein:
the RTC motion control plate controls the motion of the laser and the high-rigidity galvanometer component;
the collimating lens collimates the laser beam emitted by the laser;
the focusing lens focuses the collimated laser beam to the working plane.
5. The single-laser large-format galvanometer mobile 3D printing device of claim 1, wherein the laser comprises an SPI laser or an IPG laser.
6. The single-laser large-format galvanometer mobile 3D printing device according to claim 1,
the X-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor module realizes high-rigidity galvanometer component high-precision high-speed horizontal movement with repeated positioning precision of 3um in the X direction, wherein the X direction is not less than 5 m/s;
the high-precision high-speed linear motor module in the Y direction realizes that the high-rigidity galvanometer component is not lower than 5m/s in the Y direction, and the high-precision high-speed horizontal movement of 3um of repeated positioning precision.
7. The single-laser large-format galvanometer mobile 3D printing device according to claim 3, wherein the position sensor assembly comprises a limit sensor and a zero sensor.
8. A single-laser large-breadth galvanometer mobile 3D printing method based on the single-laser large-breadth galvanometer mobile 3D printing device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the following steps:
scanning and planning: the scanning planning system divides the part to be printed into a plurality of sub-scanning areas layer by layer, optimally designs the scanning strategy of each sub-scanning area according to the existing process parameter packet, plans out the optimal scanning path, and imports the intermediate format file generated by the layered slicing software into the industrial personal computer;
an identification step: the industrial personal computer identifies a path in the scanning path file and generates an XY platform moving path file which is consistent with a scanning path of the galvanometer;
a motion control step: the industrial personal computer sends out an instruction to carry out motion control on the X-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor module and the Y-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor module according to each layer of planned scanning strategy and path file;
sintering: after the XY platform motion control is finished each time, the laser cooperates with the high-rigidity galvanometer component to execute metal powder sintering work of the sub-scanning area one by one according to the scanning file.
9. The single-laser large-format galvanometer mobile 3D printing method according to claim 8, further comprising a zeroing step: the industrial personal computer sends out an instruction to enable the X, Y-direction high-precision high-speed linear motor module to carry out zero returning operation.
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| CN114101701A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-03-01 | 西安铂力特增材技术股份有限公司 | Multi-beam additive manufacturing method |
| CN114274515A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-04-05 | 天津镭明激光科技有限公司 | Flight processing printing control method of additive manufacturing equipment |
| CN114801167A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-07-29 | 华南理工大学 | High-precision scanning type surface forming 3D printing equipment and method |
| CN115071135A (en) * | 2022-08-18 | 2022-09-20 | 杭州爱新凯科技有限公司 | 3D printing path filling method |
| CN115416299A (en) * | 2022-11-04 | 2022-12-02 | 杭州爱新凯科技有限公司 | Need not to remove laser galvanometer 3D printing apparatus of focusing |
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