CN114342637B - Clamping type peanut harvester - Google Patents
Clamping type peanut harvester Download PDFInfo
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- CN114342637B CN114342637B CN202111391165.2A CN202111391165A CN114342637B CN 114342637 B CN114342637 B CN 114342637B CN 202111391165 A CN202111391165 A CN 202111391165A CN 114342637 B CN114342637 B CN 114342637B
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- 241001553178 Arachis glabrata Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 256
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 29
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- 241001124569 Lycaenidae Species 0.000 abstract 1
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- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010409 ironing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000036641 Aspergillus infections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
Abstract
A clamping peanut harvester belongs to the technical field of peanut harvesters. The device comprises a frame and coulter groups, a digging shovel group, extruding and pulling soil crushing rollers, a clamping mechanism, soil removing rollers and a laying mechanism, wherein the coulter groups, the digging shovel group, the extruding and pulling soil crushing rollers, the clamping mechanism, the soil removing rollers and the laying mechanism are sequentially arranged along the frame, the coulter groups, the two digging shovel groups and the two digging shovel groups are arranged on two sides of the working front end of the frame in a front-back symmetrical mode, the two extruding and pulling soil crushing rollers are positioned on two sides of the rear side of the digging shovel group, the two extruding and pulling soil crushing rollers rotate vertically in opposite directions and are coaxially arranged with a front-end clamping chain wheel of the clamping mechanism, the soil removing rollers and the tensioning chain wheel of the clamping mechanism are coaxially arranged, and the laying mechanism is arranged at the tail end of the clamping mechanism. The invention can realize the cutting of the minimum rectangular section of the soil, and reduce the working resistance and the subsequent separation difficulty of the crushed soil; three-stage soil crushing and two-step separation peanut digging can be completed, and the traditional passive soil crushing mode of conveying and removing soil is changed into multistage active extrusion crushing and removing soil; the vertical laying of plants can be realized, the digging loss is low, the soil separation effect is good, the work load is small, and the quality of the strip laying is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of peanut harvesting machines, and particularly relates to a clamping type peanut harvesting machine.
Background
However, the peanut has the habit of "underground flowering and underground fruiting" and is more in harvesting links and more technically difficult than common cereal and rhizome crops, and a plurality of procedures such as digging, separating, removing soil, picking fruits and cleaning are needed. The labor intensity of manual harvesting is high, the efficiency is low, and the cost is high. At present, although the mechanical operation is basically realized in the peanut excavation, the mechanical technical performance is still needed to be improved, and particularly the problems of loss and damage of the mechanical excavation operation are very prominent, so that the comprehensive exertion of the mechanical efficiency is severely restricted.
The first step of digging, i.e., harvesting peanuts, is the operation of digging out the peanuts from the soil and removing the soil. Unlike the common underground tuber crops, peanut pods are embedded in soil like 'embedded', the fruit stalks of the underground pods connected with the above-ground stems are tiny and easy to break, and soil is filled between the pods and the root system. When the soil 'plowing' is poor, the soil, the root system of the peanut, the pods and the stalks are integrated into a whole, so that the peanut is not broken and excavated, the peanut is not separated from the soil without falling the peanut and carrying the soil, the difficulty is high, and the mechanism is complex, thus being a difficult problem for mechanically harvesting the peanut.
The problem of peanut digging is mainly divided into loss of the peanut and loss of the peanut with soil, namely loss of the peanut due to the fact that the pod falls into the soil or falls to the ground, and loss of the peanut with soil, namely that the peanut pod or root system and the soil form soil blocks, and the peanut pod and the root system and the soil are combined together after digging. Although the soil is not directly lost, the soil blocks are easy to fall off together with the pods in the subsequent conveying and soil removing processes, so that indirect loss is caused. For the current two-section peanut harvesting, on one hand, the soil increases the quality of peanut plants and changes the mass center position, so that the laying quality of the peanut plants is reduced, the airing is affected, the peanut mildewing and aspergillus flavus infection are caused, and the color forming of peanut pods is also affected; on the other hand, the peanut stripes are poor in laying quality and large in plant quality, so that the difficulty of subsequent picking and harvesting operations is increased, and the picking loss is increased; finally, the soil blocks are hard, large in mass and poor in fluidity, so that the pods are damaged during the fruit picking, and the impurity content is increased.
The peanut digger used in China is mainly divided into three basic types, namely a shovel clamp combined type (also called a clamping laying type for short), a shovel chain combined type (called a shovel chain type or an elevating chain type for short) and a shovel screen combined type (also called a vibrating screen type). The most of the excavating work only uses a flat shovel without sliding cutting angles, large excavating resistance and a soil crushing function, and the soil crushing separation work adopts more passive measures, for example, a shovel clamp type peanut excavator mainly relies on the clamping and pulling action of a belt, so that plants are separated from soil, most of the soil is removed in the clamping and conveying process, as soil cannot be crushed during separation, the plant quality is large, the clamping requirements and the difficulty are increased, meanwhile, a transverse laying mechanism is generally adopted by machines and tools, the strip laying quality is poor, stacking conditions exist among plants, and the follow-up operations such as airing and picking are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a clamping type peanut harvester, which is characterized in that a round coulter and a digging shovel are used for horizontally shearing a traditional bottom layer into vertical and inclined three-sided cutting soil, so that the cutting of a minimum rectangular section is realized, and the working resistance and the subsequent soil breaking separation difficulty are reduced; three-stage soil crushing and two-step separation work is realized through a variable-spacing type extrusion soil crushing plate, an upturned soil crushing separation grid and a pair of vertical, active and opposite-rotating extrusion soil crushing rollers; the soil removing roller is used for realizing further soil separation in the clamping and conveying process; the longitudinally laid peanut stripe is obtained by the combined action of the laying rod and the laying roller, and the excavating, soil removing and laying work in the two-section harvesting operation of peanuts is completed.
The aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a clamping type peanut harvester which comprises a frame, and a coulter group, a digging shovel group, a soil squeezing and crushing roller, a clamping mechanism, a soil removing roller and a spreading mechanism which are arranged on the frame, wherein the two coulter groups are symmetrically arranged at the front end of the frame, an upper round coulter is positioned in a furrow at the outer side of the peanut, the two digging shovel groups are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the front end of the frame, the tail ends of the two digging shovels are arranged in a concave angle shape, the two shovel points are positioned at the inner side of the round coulter, the two digging shovels are respectively provided with an extrusion soil crushing plate and a soil crushing separation grid, the two soil squeezing and crushing rollers are positioned at two sides at the rear of the digging shovel group and vertically rotate oppositely, the soil removing roller and the clamping mechanism are coaxially arranged with a clamping sprocket at the front end of the clamping mechanism, and the soil removing roller and the clamping mechanism tensioning sprocket are coaxially arranged at the tail end of the clamping mechanism.
Further, the shovel group includes shovel, extrusion hack board, shovel fixed arm and hack separation bars, shovel fixed arm top sets up the fixed plate II of connecting the frame, is close to the ground connection end installation extrusion hack board, connects the shovel through the shovel fixing base at the ground connection end, sets up hack separation bars in shovel bottom, and extrusion hack board is located hack separation bars outside.
Further, the digging shovel is obliquely arranged, and the inclination angle theta 1 The range is as follows: 5-15 deg.
Further, the included angle between the two digging shovels is a sliding angle2 times of the cutting angle, sliding cutting angle theta 2 The range is as follows: depth difference h between digging shovel tip and round coulter bottom of 40-48 degrees 1 The range is as follows: 10-30 mm.
Further, the extrusion soil crushing plate consists of a straight line segment and an arc segment, wherein a plurality of grooves are formed in the arc segment at equal intervals, the tail end of the arc segment is a free end and is tangent with a horizontal line in the advancing direction of the machine tool, and the length S of the straight line segment 1 Length S of arc segment 2 Is 0.2 to 0.3 times of the arc line section, is obliquely arranged relative to the horizontal plane, and has an inclination angle theta 4 The range is as follows: 20-25 deg.
Further, the extrusion height h of the extrusion soil crushing plate 2 The range is as follows: 100-200 mm; extrusion shrinkage ratio of the two extrusion crushed soil plates i=l 3 /L 5 =1.25 to 1.4, where L 5 For the outlet width between two extrusion soil crushing plates, L 3 The feeding width between two extrusion soil crushing plates is used.
Further, the crushed soil separation grid is integrally formed by a mounting part and a grid part, the grid part is inclined to the horizontal plane, and the upward warping angle theta 3 15-21 DEG, and the spacing L between the grid bars 2 40-80 mm.
Further, the extruding and pulling soil crushing roller consists of a plurality of angle irons uniformly distributed along the outer circumference of the sleeve, the inside of the extruding and pulling soil crushing roller is hollow, and the diameter D of the extruding and pulling soil crushing roller 1 160-220 mm in height h 3 The shortest extruding and pulling distance L of the two extruding and pulling soil crushing rollers is 100-160 mm 6 280-380 mm; linear velocity v of extrusion and drawing of crushed soil 1 For clamping the conveyor line velocity v 2 1.2 to 1.7 times of the total weight of the composition.
Further, the soil removing roller is uniformly arranged along the outer circumference of the sleeve with a back inclination angle theta 5 Is composed of arc-shaped soil removing blades, the back inclination angle theta 5 10-25 DEG, diameter D of soil removing roller 3 Is 110-130 mm in height h 4 50-80 mm.
Further, the laying mechanism comprises a laying rod and a laying roller, wherein the laying rod forms an inclination angle theta with the horizontal plane 6 The upper and lower laying bars are arranged to form an upper laying bar radius R 2 The range is as follows: 120-200 mm, laying down the paving rodRadius R 3 The range is as follows: 230-300 mm, the inclination angle theta of the laying rod 6 The range is as follows: 10-30 degrees; the laying roller is composed of a sleeve and a back-inclined angle theta uniformly distributed along the outer circumference of the sleeve 7 Is composed of arc-shaped laid blades and back inclination angle theta 7 The range is as follows: 20-30 DEG, diameter D of laying roller 4 The range is as follows: 150-250 mm, height h 5 The range is as follows: 80-120 mm.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention adopts the circular coulter and the digging shovel to cut the traditional bottom layer into inclined and vertical three-face cutting soil in a flat shearing way, so as to realize the cutting of the minimum rectangular section, replace the large-area cutting soil of the flat shovel which is mainly used at present, have large power consumption and seriously damaged soil in a working mode, and reduce the working resistance and the subsequent soil breaking and separating difficulty.
2. According to the invention, three-stage soil crushing and two-step separation peanut digging work is completed by adopting a variable-spacing type extrusion soil crushing plate, an upturned soil crushing separation grid and a pair of vertical, active and opposite rotating extrusion soil crushing rollers. The invention replaces the working defects of incomplete soil removal and poor separation caused by direct clamping and conveying after the soil is cut by the conventional shovel clamp type excavator, changes the traditional passive soil-crushing mode of conveying soil into multistage active extrusion crushing, and has the advantages of low digging loss, good soil separation effect and smaller working load.
3. The extrusion soil crushing plate is a straight line-arc plate and consists of a straight line section and an arc section, the tail end of the arc section is a free end and is tangent to a horizontal line in the advancing direction of a machine tool, and the extrusion soil crushing plate is obliquely arranged relative to the horizontal plane. The extrusion soil crushing plate adopts a straight line-circular arc type design, so that the installation strength is ensured, the two sides of the soil slice are subjected to variable-spacing tightening and crushing effects in the moving process, a certain limiting and guiding effect is generated on the moving direction of plants, and the grid type design reduces the contact area with soil while ensuring full extrusion, so that the resistance is further reduced.
4. The broken soil separation grid is integrally formed by the mounting part and the grid part, the grid part is designed with a certain upward bending angle, so that the grid is arranged obliquely to the horizontal plane, the upturned soil moving backwards and upwards along the shovel surface of the digging shovel in working is bent and broken under the change of the tilting angle on the broken soil separation grid, the conveying resistance caused by the continuation of the upturned soil is reduced, and meanwhile, a clearance plane formed by the grid ensures that the bottom of the upturned soil is well broken in the movement process, so that plants are smoothly transited and transported backwards.
5. The working part of the extruding and pulling soil crushing roller consists of a plurality of angle irons uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the sleeve, and the inside of the working part is hollow, so that the weight is reduced, and the power consumption is reduced; the design is coaxial with the head end clamping chain wheel, the design layout of the whole machine is optimized, and the operation efficiency is improved; before the plants are clamped and conveyed, the two rollers rotate in opposite directions on two sides of the soil blocks to finish the soil crushing work, so that the soil blocks are effectively extruded and crushed, the power consumption in the clamping and conveying process is reduced, the working effect is improved, and meanwhile, a certain backward traction and pulling effect is generated, so that the plants are smoothly transited and connected, and the clamping is assisted.
6. The soil removing roller is coaxially connected with the tensioning wheel of the clamping and conveying mechanism, the working part of the soil removing roller consists of arc soil removing blades which are uniformly arranged in the outer circumferential direction of the mounting sleeve and have a certain backward tilting angle, the soil removing is prevented from affecting the clamping effect of the clamping part, the soil removing effect is only achieved on the root area of a plant in the clamping and conveying process, and the working effect of a machine tool is further improved.
7. The spreading mechanism consists of the spreading rods and the spreading rollers, and the spreading rollers are matched with the spreading rollers coaxially arranged with the tail end clamping chain wheels to perform shifting and pushing actions on plants due to the fact that the inclination angles of the upper and lower spreading rods are different in constraint range and angle, so that the whole plants and the moving directions of all parts are changed together, longitudinal spreading work of the plants in a sequential head-to-tail overlapping mode is achieved, spreading effect is good, strip spreading quality is high, and follow-up airing and picking operation is facilitated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the general assembly of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a top view of fig. 2.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the coulter module of FIG. 2.
FIG. 5a is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the coulter module, digger blade module, and squeeze-pull soil breaking roller of the present invention.
FIG. 5b is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the shovel assembly and the squeeze-pull soil pulverizing roller of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the digger blade set of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the mounting parameters of the coulter and shovel of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of the parameters of the digger blade of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the soil breaking separation fence of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the extruded soil-crushing plate of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic top view of fig. 10.
Fig. 12 is a schematic view of the construction of the soil compacting and crushing roller of fig. 2.
Fig. 13 is a schematic top view of fig. 12.
Fig. 14 is a schematic structural view of the clamping mechanism in fig. 2.
Fig. 15 is a schematic view of the construction of the soil removing roller of fig. 14.
Fig. 16 is an end view schematic of fig. 15.
Fig. 17 is a schematic view of the construction of the spreader bar of the spreader mechanism of fig. 2.
Fig. 18 is a schematic top view of fig. 17.
Fig. 19 is a schematic view of the construction of the spreader roller of the spreader mechanism of fig. 2.
Fig. 20 is an end view of fig. 19.
In the figure:
1. the device comprises a coulter group, 11, a round coulter, 12, a bearing seat, 13, a coulter connecting arm, 14, a coulter arm connecting seat, 15, a coulter fixing arm, 16, a fixing plate I, 17 and a buffer spring;
2. the digging shovel comprises a digging shovel group, a digging shovel, a 22 digging shovel fixing seat, a 23 squeezing soil breaking plate, a 24 digging shovel fixing arm, a 25, a fixing plate II, a 26 and a soil breaking separation grid;
3. 31, 32 and angle irons;
4. the clamping mechanism comprises a clamping mechanism 41, a head end clamping sprocket 42, a clamping chain 43, a tensioning sprocket 44 and a tail end clamping sprocket;
5. a soil removing roller, 51, a soil removing roller sleeve, 52 and soil removing blades;
6. the laying mechanism 61, the laying rod 611, the upper laying rod 612, the lower laying rod 613, the mounting seat 62, the laying roller 621, the laying roller sleeve 622 and the laying blade;
7. a frame;
p: variable-spacing extrusion force for extruding soil crushing plate
ω 1 : angular speed of extruding and pulling soil crushing roller
ω 2 : angular velocity of the clamping mechanism
ν 1 : linear speed of extrusion and drawing of crushed soil
ν 2 : clamping conveyor line speed
ν 3 : linear speed of pushing and pulling
h 1 : depth difference between cutting edge and coulter bottom
h 2 : extrusion height of extrusion soil crushing plate
h 3 : height of soil crushing roller
h 4 : soil removing roller height
h 5 : height of laying roller
θ 1 : digging shovel angle
θ 2 : sliding cutting angle of digging shovel
θ 3 : upturned bending angle of broken soil separation grid
θ 4 : inclination angle of extrusion soil crushing plate
θ 5 : back inclination angle of soil removing blade
θ 6 : angle of inclination of laying bar
θ 7 : blade pitch angle
D 1 : diameter of soil crushing roller by extrusion and drawing
D 2 : clamping sprocketDiameter of
D 3 : diameter of soil removing roller
D 4 : diameter of laying roller
L 1 : cutting breadth of round coulter
L 2 : grid spacing
L 3 : width of feeding of extrusion soil crushing plate
L 4 : extrusion distance of extrusion soil crushing plate
L 5 : width of outlet of extrusion soil crushing plate
L 6 : shortest distance between paired rollers for squeezing and pulling broken soil
L 7 : clamping feeding breadth
L 8 : distance between root breaking points and clamping points
L 9 : center distance of head end clamping sprocket
S 1 : longitudinal distance of straight line segment of extrusion soil crushing plate
S 2 : longitudinal distance of arc section of extrusion soil crushing plate
S 3 : lateral distance of arc section of extrusion soil crushing plate
R 1 : radius of arc section of extrusion soil crushing plate
R 2 : radius of upper laying rod
R 3 : radius of lower laying rod
α 1 : central angle of extrusion soil crushing plate
A: root breaking point
B: clamping point
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1-3, the clamping peanut harvester comprises a frame 7, a coulter group 1, a digging shovel group 2, a squeezing and pulling soil crushing roller 3, a clamping mechanism 4, a soil removing roller 5 and a laying mechanism 6 which are arranged on the frame 7, wherein the two coulter groups 1 are symmetrically arranged at the working front end of the frame 7, an upper round coulter 11 is positioned in a ditch outside a peanut ridge, the two digging shovel groups 2 are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the working front end of the frame 7, the tail ends of the two digging shovels 21 are arranged in an inward concave angle shape, the two shovel points are positioned at the inner side of the round coulter 11, the two digging shovels 21 are respectively provided with a squeezing and soil crushing plate 23 and a soil crushing separating grid 26, the two squeezing and pulling soil crushing rollers 3 are positioned at two sides behind the digging shovel group 2 and vertically rotate in opposite directions and are coaxially arranged with a head end clamping sprocket 41 of the clamping mechanism 4, the soil removing roller 5 and the clamping mechanism tensioning sprocket 43 are coaxially arranged, and the laying mechanism 6 is arranged at the tail end of the clamping mechanism 4.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, the coulter group 1 in this example includes a round coulter 11, a bearing block 12, a coulter connecting arm 13, a coulter arm connecting seat 14, a fixed plate i 16, a coulter fixed arm 15 and a buffer spring 17, one end of the coulter fixed arm 15 is provided with a fixed plate i 16 connected with the frame 7, the other end is connected with the coulter arm connecting seat 14, the coulter arm connecting seat 14 is hinged with one end of the coulter connecting arm 13, the round coulter 11 is mounted at the other end of the coulter connecting arm 13 through the bearing block 12 and a bearing block base 19 thereof, the buffer spring 17 is sleeved on a spring rod, one end of the spring rod is respectively connected with the coulter arm connecting seat 14 and the coulter connecting arm 13, and the other end is a free end. The coulter plays a role of buffering safety through the buffer spring 17 after meeting the blockage.
The invention adopts the circular coulter 11 to increase the breaking capacity to the soil and reduce the cutting resistance; the round coulter 11 is rotatably supported by a middle bearing seat 12, is laterally connected with a coulter connecting arm 13, is axially connected with a coulter arm connecting seat 14, and is connected with the coulter arm connecting seat 14, a coulter fixing arm 15, a fixing plate I16 and the frame 1 by bolts, and meanwhile, a buffer spring 17 plays a role in safety protection.
As shown in FIGS. 5a and 7, the cutting width L of two circular coulters 11 of the two coulter groups 1 of this example 1 Is 685mm, is suitable for a peanut planting mode, cuts soil blocks with minimum breadth, replaces the current main flow flat spade to cut soil in a large area, and has large power consumption and serious soil damage. When in operation, the whole machine of the invention inclines by a certain angle (as shown in figure 2), and the round coulter 11 is driven to roll by forward movement to have the width L 1 Cutting the soil, and combining the rear digger 21 with the soil at θ 1 Is the angle and theta of the earth 2 For sliding cutting angles, the two are matched with rectangular sections to cut soil blocks and main roots of peanuts.
As shown in fig. 6-8, each of the digger blade groups 2 is connected with the frame 7 through a fixing plate ii 25 thereon, the digger blade groups 2 comprise a digger blade 21, a digger blade fixing seat 22, an extrusion soil breaking plate 23, a digger blade fixing arm 24, a fixing plate ii 25 and a soil breaking separation grid 26, the fixing plate ii 25 connected with the frame 7 is arranged at the top end of the digger blade fixing arm 24, the extrusion soil breaking plate 23 is installed near the grounding end, the digger blade 21 is connected with the grounding end through the digger blade fixing seat 22, the soil breaking separation grid 26 is arranged at the working rear end of the digger blade 21, and the extrusion soil breaking plate 23 is positioned outside the soil breaking separation grid 26. Wherein, fixed plate II 25 is the same with fixed plate I16 structure, all is through bolted connection on frame 7.
The digging shovel 21 is connected with the digging shovel fixing seat 22, the digging shovel 21 is connected with the soil breaking separation grid 26, and the digging shovel 21 is connected with the extrusion soil breaking plate 23 through countersunk bolts, so that smooth contact surface between the digging shovel and the soil blocks is ensured, and the blocking influence on the movement of the soil blocks is avoided. The fixed arm 24 of the digger shovel is connected with the frame 7 through a fixed plate II 25 by bolts.
Further, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the shovel 21 is disposed obliquely with an entry angle θ 1 5-15 degrees according to the installation angle of the digging shovel fixing base 22 and the digging shovel fixing arm 24; the smaller the angle of penetration, the smaller the power consumption and the smaller the cutting depth; the larger the angle of penetration, the larger the power consumption but the larger the cutting depth, and the limitation of the angle of penetration ensures not only the effective cutting depth but also reasonable power consumption. Sliding cutting angle theta 2 Is 40-48 degrees, and is realized by the central line angle of the mounting hole of the digging shovel fixing seat 22; the included angle between the two digging shovels 21 is a slip cutting angle theta 2 2 times of (2); the larger the sliding cutting angle is, the more labor-saving cutting is realized, and the longitudinal dimension is small; the smaller the sliding cutting angle is, the more laborious the cutting is, the larger the longitudinal dimension is, and the limitation of the sliding cutting angle ensures smooth cutting and enables the longitudinal dimension to be matched with the structural design of the whole machine. The length of the digging shovel 21 is designed and adjusted according to the cutting width and the sliding cutting angle; as shown in FIG. 7, the depth difference h between the cutting edge of the digger blade 21 and the bottom edge of the circular coulter 11 1 The depth of the coulter into the soil is slightly larger than that of the digging shovel, and the loose soil is cut up to ensure that the digging shovel cuts more labor-saving, and the effect of saving labor cannot be achieved when the digging shovel is too smallThe plow blade is cut too deeply, which wastes power.
In this example: digging shovel soil-entering angle theta 1 At 10 DEG, a slip cut angle theta 2 45 degrees, the depth difference h between the cutting edge and the bottom of the coulter 1 20mm.
The upturned soil is cut and simultaneously moves obliquely and upwards backwards along the shovel surface of the digging shovel 21, on the one hand, the upturned soil-breaking separation grid 26 is upturned by an upturned angle theta 3 The upturned soil is bent and broken under the change, and on one hand, the soil is contacted with the grid bars, crushed and separated. Meanwhile, the soil blocks are ineffectively crushed under the action of variable-spacing tightening extrusion force P of the two-side extrusion soil crushing plates 23, so that two-stage soil crushing and one-stage separation are realized.
Further, as shown in FIGS. 6 to 9, the soil separating grating 26 is formed of an installation portion integrally with a grating portion, and a distance L between adjacent grating portions 2 The spacing is 40-80 mm, which is too small, and is equivalent to forming a plane, and the soil breaking effect can not be generated; too large a spacing, plants may become stuck in the gap or fall directly through the gap, causing losses. The grid part has a certain upward bending angle theta 3 The grid bars are arranged obliquely to the horizontal plane, theta 3 The range is as follows: 15-21 deg. In this example: upturned bending angle theta 3 20 DEG, grid spacing L 2 50mm.
Further, as shown in fig. 6 and fig. 10-11, the extruded soil-crushing plate 23 is composed of a straight line segment 231 and an arc segment 232, the end of the arc segment 232 is a free end and is tangent to the horizontal line of the advancing direction of the machine, the extruded soil-crushing plate 23 is composed of a plurality of equally spaced grooves on the arc segment 232, and the arc segment 232 of the extruded soil-crushing plate is obliquely arranged relative to the horizontal plane. The extrusion soil crushing plate 23 adopts a straight line-circular arc design, so that the installation strength is ensured, the two sides of the soil slice are subjected to variable-spacing tightening and crushing effects in the moving process, and meanwhile, the grid design ensures that the extrusion is sufficient, and simultaneously reduces the contact area with soil, so that the resistance is further reduced.
As shown in fig. 11-13, the feeding width L of the extrusion soil crushing plate is determined by the working condition and the whole machine structure 3 Extrusion distance L of extrusion soil crushing plate 4 Width L of outlet of extrusion crushing plate 23 5 Through L 3 /2、L 5 /2、L 4 ＝S 1 +S 2 、L 3 /2-L 5 /2＝S 3 Defining the end points and the distances of the contour, wherein the contour of the extrusion soil-crushing plate 23 is respectively defined by S 3 S and S 1 +S 2 Is a straight line-arc structure with a transverse distance and a longitudinal distance. To ensure effective fixation of the extrusion crushing plate 23, the straight line segment 231 is fixed on the fixed arm 24 of the digger blade, and the end of the arc segment 232 is a free end, S 1 The distance is defined as the longitudinal distance of the straight line segment, and the installation and fixation strength is ensured by the limitation of the distance. S is S 3 、S 2 Respectively the transverse and longitudinal distances of the arc sections, wherein S 2 ＝L 4 -S 1 、S 3 ＝L 3 /2-L 5 2, radius R of arc segment 1 Central angle alpha 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The central angle alpha of the arc line section 1 Is 39-41 DEG, radius R 1 235-380 mm, length S of straight line segment 1 Is the arc line length S 2 0.2 to 0.3 times of the total weight of the composition. In this example: straight line section longitudinal distance S 1 :50mm, arc section transverse-longitudinal distance S 3 、S 2 :74mm, 200mm, radius R of arc segment 1 :307mm, central angle alpha 1 ：40.5°。
Further, as shown in fig. 11, the extrusion shrinkage ratio i=l of the two extrusion soil-crushing plates 23 of the present invention 3 /L 5 Range i: 1.25 to 1.4, the width L is fed by the extrusion soil crushing plate 3 Extrusion distance L of extrusion soil crushing plate 4 Outlet width L of extrusion soil crushing plate 5 And the related design parameters such as soil characteristics and the like are determined together. In this case the outlet width L between two extruded breaker plates 23 5 Is 463mm, L 3 For a feed width of 615mm, the extrusion shrinkage ratio i was 1.32, the extrusion distance L 4 250mm.
Further, as shown in FIG. 10, the inclination angle θ of the crushing plate 23 with respect to the horizontal plane is as shown in this example 4 20-25 degrees, and guaranteeing the contact with the soil slice within the maximum range under the condition of no interference; extrusion height h of the extrusion crushing plate 23 2 The height of the extrusion is 100-200 mm, the extrusion height is ensured to be larger than the thickness of the soil block, and a certain limiting and guiding effect is generated on the movement direction of the plants. In this example: extrusion height h 2 160mm, crush soilAngle of inclination theta of plate 4 Is 22 deg..
Further, as shown in fig. 12-13, the working part of the soil squeezing and crushing roller 3 is composed of a plurality of angle irons 32 uniformly distributed along the outer circumferential direction of a soil squeezing and crushing roller sleeve 31, the inside is hollow, the working part is connected with a head end clamping chain wheel 41 of a clamping mechanism 4 by bolts, the rotation diameter of the soil squeezing and crushing roller (namely, the outer circumferential diameter of the angle iron) is larger than the diameter of the clamping chain wheel coaxial with the soil squeezing and crushing roller, the soil squeezing and crushing roller produces a squeezing and crushing effect on plants and soil, the inside is hollow, the purpose is to reduce the weight of components, and the height h of the soil squeezing and crushing roller 3 100-200 mm. In this example: h is a 3 160mm.
The rest soil blocks and plants continue to move backwards, pass through a pair of vertical, active (coaxially rotating with the head end clamping chain wheel) extrusion and pulling soil crushing rollers 3 which rotate oppositely, after the soil blocks are extruded and crushed, the plants are separated from the soil, and enter a clamping mechanism 4 (adopting the existing structure) under the pulling action of the extrusion and pulling soil crushing rollers 3, so that the third-stage soil crushing and the second-stage separation are realized. The linear speed v of the soil squeezing and crushing roller 3 is required to ensure the smooth plant cross connection 1 Slightly greater than 1.2-1.7 times the speed v of the clamping mechanism 4 for clamping the conveying line 2 The v=ωr, and the extruding and pulling soil crushing roller 3 is coaxially connected with the head end clamping chain wheel 41 of the clamping mechanism 4, the angular velocity ω 1 Angular velocity omega with head end clamping sprocket 41 2 The same, diameter D of the clamping sprocket 41 2 133mm, so that the diameter D of the soil crushing roller is extruded and pulled 1 Is designed to match with the angular speed omega of the extruding and pulling soil crushing roller 1 So that the linear velocity v of the crushed soil is increased 1 And the clamping conveying line speed v 2 The corresponding requirements are met; diameter D of extruding and pulling soil crushing roller 1 160-220 mm; secondly, the feeding width L is clamped 7 Is larger than the outlet width L of the extrusion soil crushing plate 5 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the At the same time, the distance L between the peanut root breaking point A and the plant clamping point B 8 Should be shortened as much as possible, L 8 190-210 mm to maintain the plant posture and facilitate clamping.
In this example: diameter D of the ironing roller 3 1 180mm, diameter D of clamping sprocket 2 133mm, a clamping feeding width L 7 420mm, distance L between root breaking point A and clamping point B 8 200mm.
As shown in fig. 5b, the shortest squeeze-pull distance L of the two squeeze-pull soil rollers 3 6 The design is adjusted by peanut variety, soil characteristics and the like, wherein the diameter is 280-380 mm. 3 diameter D of extruding and pulling soil crushing roller 1 ＝L 9 -L 6 According to the shortest squeezing-pulling distance L between the needed paired rollers 6 Center distance L of head end clamping sprocket 9 Angular velocity omega of extruding and pulling soil breaking roller 1 Etc., in this example: shortest extruding and pulling soil crushing distance L between paired rollers 6 : diameter D of 320mm extruding and pulling soil crushing roller 1 180mm, the center distance L of the head end clamping chain wheel 9 500mm.
The clamping mechanism 4 of this example adopts an existing chain type clamping structure. The soil removing roller and the tensioning wheel of the clamping mechanism 4 are coaxially arranged; the soil removing roller 5 is connected with the tensioning chain wheel 42 by bolts, rotates along with the tensioning chain wheel in the clamping and conveying process of the clamping mechanism, and is uniformly arranged in the outer circumferential direction of the soil removing roller sleeve 51 to form a certain backward tilting angle theta 5 Is composed of arc-shaped soil removing blades 52 with back inclination angle theta 5 The range is as follows: 10-25 degrees, and the effect of the clamping part is prevented from being influenced when soil is removed. The soil removing blade 52 and the mounting sleeve 51 are welded and fixed, and the diameter D of the soil removing roller 3 The range is as follows: 110-130 mm, height h 4 50-80 mm. In this example: back tilt angle theta 5 : diameter D of soil removing roller of 19 DEG 3 :110mm, height h 4 ：60mm。
The plants entering the clamping mechanism 4 are conveyed backwards under the action of the clamping chains 42, and the soil removing roller 5 has a certain stirring soil removing effect on the root area of the plants in the process, so that the soil of the plants in the conveying process is removed, and the working quality of machines is further improved.
Further, the laying mechanism 6 is arranged at the tail end of the clamping mechanism 4 and comprises a laying rod 61 and a laying roller 62, wherein the laying rod 61 forms an inclined angle theta with the horizontal plane 6 The upper and lower laying rods 611 and 612 and the mounting seat 613 are arranged, the two laying rods and the mounting seat 613 are welded and fixed, meanwhile, the mounting seat 613 and the frame 7 are fixed through U-shaped bolts, the mounting positions of the laying rods are convenient to adjust, the two laying rods 611 and 612 are in arc-shaped design, the constraint range and the angle are different, and the upper laying rod 6 is arranged11 radius R 2 The range is as follows: 150-200 mm, the radius R of the laying rod 612 is lowered 3 The range is as follows: 230-300 mm, inclination angle theta 6 The range is as follows: 10-30 degrees; the laying roller 62 and the tail end clamping chain wheel 44 are coaxially arranged, the rotary laying movement is realized by adopting the bolt connection and the fixation, and the working part of the laying roller is uniformly arranged in the outer circumferential direction of the laying roller sleeve 621 and has a certain backward tilting angle theta 7 Is formed of curved lay-up blades 622, camber angle θ 7 The range is as follows: 20-30 DEG, diameter D of laying roller 4 The range is as follows: 150-250 mm, height h 5 The range is as follows: 80-120 mm. In this example: radius R of upper spreader bar 611 2 180mm, radius R of drop rod 612 3 260mm, inclination angle θ 6 20 deg.. Blade lay-out camber angle θ 7 :26 deg., diameter D of laying roller 62 4 180mm, height h 5 100mm.
In operation, on the one hand, the overall movement direction of the plant is deflected transversely to the advancing direction of the machine by the laying bar 61, on the other hand, the plant itself is deflected in the direction perpendicular to the machine movement direction by the oblique arrangement of the upper and lower laying bars 611, 612 and the different restraining ranges and angles to the plant parts, in the process, the laying roller 62 coaxially below the end clamping sprocket 44 only produces a pushing and pulling action on the plant root area, and the diameter D 4 Greater than the diameter D of the chain wheel 2 Make the pushing line speed v of the root area 3 The speed of the clamping conveying line is higher than that of the seedling rod part, the deflection effect of the plant is further improved, and the longitudinal laying work of sequentially overlapping the peanut plants end to end is completed through the combined action of the laying rod 61 and the laying roller 62.
Example 2: this example differs from example 1 in that: the digging shovel is provided with a soil entering angle theta 1 At 5 DEG, a sliding cut angle theta 2 40 DEG, depth difference h between cutting edge and coulter bottom 1 Is 10mm.
Straight line section longitudinal distance S of the extrusion soil crushing plate 1 30mm, longitudinal distance S of arc segment 2 220mm; in this case the outlet width L between two extruded breaker plates 23 5 440mm, feed breadth L 3 615mm extrusion distance L 4 The diameter of the particles is 280mm,the extrusion shrinkage ratio i is 1.4, the extrusion height h 2 An inclination angle theta of the extrusion crushing plate relative to the horizontal plane of 100mm 4 20 deg..
The distance L between adjacent grid bars of the crushed soil separating grid 26 2 Upper warp angle θ of the grating portion of 40mm 3 Is 21 deg..
In this example, the shortest distance L between the paired rollers for crushing soil 6 Diameter D of the ironing roller 3 of 280mm 1 220mm, height h of soil crushing roller 3 100mm, the center distance L of the head end clamping chain wheel 9 Diameter D of clamping sprocket of 540mm 2 140mm, a clamping feeding width L 7 445mm, distance L between root breaking point A and clamping point B 8 210mm.
The back tilt angle theta of the soil removing blades 52 in this example 5 10 DEG diameter D of soil removing roller 3 120mm, height h 3 50mm.
Radius R of upper spreader bar 611 as described in this example 2 150mm, radius R of drop rod 612 3 At an inclination angle theta of 230mm 6 Is 10 deg.. Blade lay-out camber angle θ 7 :20 DEG spreading roller 62 diameter D 4 150mm, height h 5 80mm.
Example 3: this example differs from example 1 in that: the digging shovel is provided with a soil entering angle theta 1 15 DEG slip cut angle theta 2 48 DEG depth difference h between cutting edge and coulter bottom 1 30mm.
The longitudinal distance S of the straight line segment of the extrusion soil crushing plate 23 in the embodiment 1 80mm, arc section transverse-longitudinal distance S 2 170mm. The outlet width L between two extrusion soil crushing plates 23 in this example 5 490mm, feed breadth L 3 615mm extrusion distance L 4 170mm, extrusion shrinkage ratio i of 1.25, extrusion height h 2 An inclination angle θ of the extrusion crushing plate with respect to the horizontal plane of 200mm 4 25 deg..
The distance L between adjacent grid bars of the crushed soil separation grid 26 2 Upper warp angle θ of the grating portion of 80mm 3 15 deg..
In this example, the shortest distance L between the paired rollers for crushing soil 6 Diameter D of the soil crushing roller 3 is 380mm 1 Height h of the extruding and pulling soil crushing roller is 190mm 3 160mm, diameter D of clamping sprocket 2 140mm, a clamping feeding width L 7 495mm center distance L of head end clamping sprocket 9 At 570mm, the distance L between the root breaking point A and the clamping point B is equal to 570mm 8 190mm.
The back tilt angle theta of the soil removing blades 52 in this example 5 25 DEG diameter D of soil removing roller 3 130mm, height h 3 80mm.
Radius R of upper spreader bar 611 as described in this example 2 200mm, radius R of drop rod 612 3 At an inclination angle theta of 300mm 6 30 deg.. Blade lay-out camber angle θ 7 :30, diameter D of laying roller 62 4 250mm, height h 5 120mm.
It should be understood that the foregoing detailed description of the present invention is provided for illustration only and is not limited to the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention may be modified or substituted for the same technical effects; as long as the use requirement is met, the invention is within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a centre gripping formula peanut plays machine of receiving which characterized in that: the device comprises a frame, and a coulter group, an excavating shovel group, a squeezing and pulling soil breaking roller, a clamping mechanism, a soil removing roller and a spreading mechanism which are arranged on the frame, wherein the two coulter groups are symmetrically arranged at the working front end of the frame, each coulter group comprises a round coulter, a bearing seat, a coulter connecting arm, a coulter arm connecting seat, a fixing plate I, a coulter fixing arm and a buffer spring, one end of each coulter fixing arm is provided with a fixing plate I connected with the frame, the other end of each coulter fixing arm is connected with the coulter arm connecting seat, one end of each coulter arm connecting arm is hinged with the corresponding coulter connecting arm, the round coulter is arranged at the other end of each coulter connecting arm through the bearing seat and the bearing seat of the corresponding bearing seat, the buffer spring is sleeved on a spring rod, one end of each spring rod is respectively connected with the corresponding coulter arm connecting seat and the corresponding coulter connecting arm, and the other end is a free end; the upper round coulter is positioned in a furrow at the outer side of the peanut, two digging shovel groups are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the working front end of the frame, the tail ends of the two digging shovels are arranged to be in an inward concave angle shape, two shovel tips are positioned at the inner side of the round coulter, the two digging shovels are respectively provided with an extrusion soil crushing plate and a soil crushing separation grid, two extrusion soil crushing rollers are positioned at two sides at the rear of the digging shovel groups, vertically rotate in opposite directions and are coaxially arranged with a head end clamping chain wheel of the clamping mechanism, a soil removing roller and a tensioning chain wheel of the clamping mechanism are coaxially arranged, and each extrusion soil crushing roller is formed by uniformly arranging a plurality of angle irons along the outer circumference of a sleeve of each extrusion soil crushing roller, so that the interior of each extrusion soil crushing roller is hollow; the soil removing roller is formed by uniformly arranging arc soil removing blades with backward inclination along the outer circumference of a sleeve; the laying mechanism is arranged at the tail end of the clamping mechanism.
2. The clamped peanut harvester of claim 1, wherein: the digging shovel group comprises a digging shovel, an extrusion soil breaking plate, a digging shovel fixing arm and a soil breaking separation grid, wherein the top end of the digging shovel fixing arm is provided with a fixing plate II connected with a frame, the extrusion soil breaking plate is installed close to a grounding end, the grounding end is connected with the digging shovel through a digging shovel fixing seat, the bottom of the digging shovel is provided with the soil breaking separation grid, and the extrusion soil breaking plate is located outside the soil breaking separation grid.
3. The clamped peanut harvester of claim 2, wherein: the digging shovel is obliquely arranged, and the inclination angle theta 1 The range is as follows: 5-15 deg.
4. The clamped peanut harvester of claim 2, wherein: the included angle between the two digging shovels is 2 times of the slip cutting angle, and the slip cutting angle theta 2 The range is as follows: depth difference h between digging shovel tip and round coulter bottom of 40-48 degrees 1 The range is as follows: 10-30 mm.
5. The clamped peanut harvester of claim 2, wherein: the extrusion soil crushing plate consists of a straight line segment and an arc segment, wherein a plurality of grooves are formed in the arc segment at equal intervals, the tail end of the arc segment is a free end and is tangent with a horizontal line in the advancing direction of the machine tool, and the length S of the straight line segment 1 Length S of arc segment 2 0 of (2)2-0.3 times, the arc line section is obliquely arranged relative to the horizontal plane, and the inclination angle theta 4 The range is as follows: 20-25 deg.
6. The clamped peanut harvester of claim 2, wherein: the extrusion height h of the extrusion soil crushing plate 2 The range is as follows: 100-200 mm; extrusion shrinkage ratio of the two extrusion crushed soil plates i=l 3 /L 5 =1.25 to 1.4, where L 5 For the outlet width between two extrusion soil crushing plates, L 3 The feeding width between two extrusion soil crushing plates is used.
7. The clamped peanut harvester of claim 2, wherein: the broken soil separation grid is integrally formed by a mounting part and a grid part, the grid part is inclined to the horizontal plane, and the upward warping angle theta 3 15-21 DEG, and the spacing L between the grid bars 2 40-80 mm.
8. The clamped peanut harvester of claim 1, wherein: the diameter D of the extruding and pulling soil crushing roller 1 160-220 mm in height h 3 The shortest extruding and pulling distance L of the two extruding and pulling soil crushing rollers is 100-160 mm 6 280-380 mm; linear velocity v of extrusion and drawing of crushed soil 1 For clamping the conveyor line velocity v 2 1.2 to 1.7 times of the total weight of the composition.
9. The clamped peanut harvester of claim 1, wherein: the backward inclination angle theta of the arc-shaped soil removing blade of the soil removing roller 5 10-25 DEG, diameter D of soil removing roller 3 Is 110-130 mm in height h 4 50-80 mm.
10. The clamped peanut harvester of claim 1, wherein: the laying mechanism comprises a laying rod and a laying roller, wherein the laying rod forms an inclination angle theta with the horizontal plane 6 The upper and lower laying bars are arranged to form an upper laying bar radius R 2 The range is as follows: 120-200 mm, radius R of laying rod 3 The range is as follows: 230-300 mm, laying rodAngle of inclination theta 6 The range is as follows: 10-30 degrees; the laying roller is composed of a sleeve and a back-inclined angle theta uniformly distributed along the outer circumference of the sleeve 7 Is composed of arc-shaped laid blades and back inclination angle theta 7 The range is as follows: 20-30 DEG, diameter D of laying roller 4 The range is as follows: 150-250 mm, height h 5 The range is as follows: 80-120 mm.
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| CN114342637A (en) | 2022-04-15 |
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