CN114337457B - Asymmetric half-bridge topology circuit of two-phase motor - Google Patents
Asymmetric half-bridge topology circuit of two-phase motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN114337457B CN114337457B CN202111677432.2A CN202111677432A CN114337457B CN 114337457 B CN114337457 B CN 114337457B CN 202111677432 A CN202111677432 A CN 202111677432A CN 114337457 B CN114337457 B CN 114337457B
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Abstract
The application provides an asymmetric half-bridge topological circuit of a two-phase motor, which can greatly reduce the number of switching tubes and capacitance elements and reduce the volume and cost of a system on the premise of ensuring the driving effect. The asymmetric half-bridge topology circuit comprises two bridge arms, two ends of the two bridge arms are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a power supply, the first bridge arm is formed by connecting a first switching tube and an exciting winding in series, the second bridge arm is formed by connecting a second switching tube and a third switching tube in series, one end of an armature winding is connected with a wire between the second switching tube and the third switching tube, the other end of the armature winding is connected with a wire between the first switching tube and the exciting winding, one end of the first switching tube is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, one end of the exciting winding is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, the exciting winding is connected with a diode in parallel, and forward conduction and reverse conduction of the armature winding are realized by controlling the conduction or the disconnection of the switching tubes of the first bridge arm and the second bridge arm.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of motors, in particular to an asymmetric half-bridge topology circuit suitable for a two-phase motor.
Background
The switched reluctance motor (switched reluctance motor, SRM) has a series of advantages of firmness, durability, wide speed regulation range, large starting torque and the like, has high output and high efficiency in a wide rotating speed and high power range, and is very suitable for being applied to high-speed running and severe environments. In a driving topological circuit of a two-phase switch reluctance motor, A is an armature winding, F is an exciting winding, and plus and minus respectively represent the positive direction and the negative direction of specified winding current, and the driving requirement for realizing normal operation of the motor is as follows: in one electrical period, the exciting winding is continuously conducted in one direction, and the armature winding is alternately conducted in two directions.
The two-phase switch reluctance motor is used as one of the whole switch reluctance motor series, has a plurality of outstanding advantages, reduces the connecting line between the motor and the driving circuit while the structure is further simplified, and in addition, the asymmetric large air gap structure also improves the inductance ratio, so that the two-phase switch reluctance motor with self-starting capability is considered firstly without requiring to have forward and reverse directions at the same time. However, at present, relatively few researches are conducted on a two-phase SRM driving topology circuit, and a conventional and general SRM topology mainly comprises: the asymmetric half-bridge driving topology has low inter-phase coupling degree and high universality, and each phase of the asymmetric half-bridge driving topology is independently controlled by two switching devices and two diodes; the capacitive energy storage driving topology utilizes the capacitive energy storage element to help the winding to freewheel, has various structural forms, and reduces switching devices and diodes; the two-winding drive topology has pairs of first and second windings per phase, so each phase is controlled by only one switching device. The conventional SRM driving topological circuit can basically realize the normal operation of various SRMs, but each type has specific limitation, and is difficult to be widely applied to various scenes. The asymmetric half-bridge driving topology requires two switching tubes and two diodes for each phase, the switching loss is larger, and the topology has higher control cost and lower efficiency for the two-phase SRM; the capacitive energy storage driving topology adopts a capacitor, the volume of a driving circuit is increased by utilizing an energy storage element, the cost of a control system is increased, and the number of available structures is small under the condition of fewer phases; the additional second winding in the dual winding drive topology increases the volume of the motor, weakening the advantage of the two-phase SRM slot space.
In view of this, the application provides an asymmetric half-bridge topology circuit of a two-phase motor, which can greatly reduce the number of switching tubes and capacitance elements and reduce the volume and cost of the system on the premise of ensuring the driving effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide an asymmetric half-bridge topological circuit of a two-phase motor, which can greatly reduce the number of switching tubes and capacitance elements and reduce the volume and cost of a system on the premise of ensuring the driving effect.
The asymmetric half-bridge topological circuit of the two-phase motor comprises two bridge arms, wherein two ends of the two bridge arms are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a power supply, the first bridge arm is formed by connecting a first switching tube and an excitation winding in series, the second bridge arm is formed by connecting a second switching tube and a third switching tube in series, one end of an armature winding is connected with a wire between the second switching tube and the third switching tube, the other end of the armature winding is connected with a wire between the first switching tube and the excitation winding, one end of the first switching tube is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, one end of the excitation winding is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, and the excitation winding is connected with a diode in parallel, so that the forward conduction and reverse conduction of the armature winding are realized by controlling the conduction or the disconnection of the switching tubes of the first bridge arm and the second bridge arm.
In some embodiments, the anode of the diode is connected to the negative power supply (negative bus), the cathode is connected to the first switching tube, one end of the second switching tube is connected to the positive power supply, and one end of the third switching tube is connected to the negative power supply.
Further, the first switching tube, the second switching tube and the third switching tube are triodes.
Further, the first switching tube, the second switching tube and the third switching tube are NPN type triodes.
Further, the collector electrode of the first switching tube is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, the emitter electrode is connected with the exciting winding, the base electrode is connected with the positive conduction control signal output end of the armature winding, the other end of the exciting winding is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, the collector electrode of the second switching tube is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, the emitter electrode is connected with the collector electrode of the third switching tube, the base electrode is connected with the negative conduction control signal output end of the armature winding, the emitter electrode of the third switching tube is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, and the base electrode is connected with the positive conduction control signal output end of the armature winding.
In some embodiments, the first, second and third switching tubes are provided with internal diodes, the internal diodes being connected in anti-parallel with the switching tubes, the anodes of the internal diodes being connected with the emitters of the switching tubes, the cathodes being connected with the collectors of the switching tubes, the armature windings freewheeling through the anti-parallel internal diodes of the switching tubes of the first and second bridge arms.
Further, in the power electronic tube, the process and principle of all the switching tubes, whether the IGBTs or MOSFETs, determine that the tubes can only control the single-phase on/off, and the reverse is a diode, so that an anti-parallel internal diode is naturally built in the switching tube.
In some embodiments, the second switching tube is turned off, the first switching tube and the third switching tube are turned on, the armature winding is turned on in the forward direction, and the current loop when the armature winding is turned on in the forward direction is: the power supply positive pole, the first switching tube, the armature winding, the third switching tube and the power supply negative pole; the first switching tube and the third switching tube are turned off, the second switching tube is turned on, the armature winding is reversely turned on, and a current loop when the armature winding is reversely turned on is as follows: the power supply positive pole, the second switch tube, the armature winding and the power supply negative pole.
Further, in the process of reversing the armature winding, the armature winding and the exciting winding are in parallel connection and serial connection or in series connection and parallel connection, when the armature winding is conducted in the forward direction, the armature winding and the exciting winding are connected in parallel, and the voltage of the armature winding and the exciting winding is the power supply voltage; when the armature winding is reversely conducted, the armature winding and the exciting winding are connected in series and are connected with a power supply; when the first switching tube is turned on and the second switching tube and the third switching tube are turned off, the voltage of the exciting winding is the power supply voltage; when the first switching tube and the second switching tube are turned off, the voltages of the armature winding and the exciting winding are zero.
Further, when the armature winding is conducted in the forward direction, the total current is controlled by adjusting the duty ratio of the first switching tube, and the current of the armature winding is controlled by adjusting the duty ratio of the third switching tube.
Further, when the duty ratio of the first switching tube is 1/2Each phase voltage is 1/2U dc ，U dc Is the power supply voltage, so that the average voltage of two windings is consistent with that of the two windings in series connection during the commutation.
In some embodiments, during commutation of the armature winding, the field winding forms a freewheel loop through a diode connected in parallel with the field winding, the freewheel loop being in turn a diode anode, a diode cathode, the field winding and a diode anode.
In some embodiments, the current through the armature winding is bi-directionally alternating, and when the second switching tube is on, the first switching tube and the third switching tube are off, the forward freewheel loop of the armature winding is: the power supply cathode, the diode, the armature winding, the internal diode of the second switching tube and the power supply anode; when the second switching tube is turned off and the first switching tube and the third switching tube are turned on, the reverse freewheel loop of the armature winding is as follows: the power supply comprises a power supply cathode, an internal diode of the third switching tube, an armature winding, an internal diode of the first switching tube and a power supply anode.
In some embodiments, the exciting winding is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply and is positioned at the low-voltage side, and when the switching tube is turned off, the exciting winding has no voltage, so that the safe operation is convenient.
In some embodiments, in the two-phase motor, the exciting winding and the armature winding are respectively composed of two sets of windings, the two sets of windings in the same phase are connected in series or in parallel, and the current in all windings of the motor flows into the positive direction from the pure digital end of each winding, so that when the windings are wound on the motor in an end connection mode, the positive current direction specified in the motor is consistent with the positive current direction specified in the topological circuit.
Further, the current direction through the field winding is unchanged, so the current direction through the winding heads 1, 1', 2' is unchanged, the current direction through the armature winding is changed twice in one electrical cycle, the current direction in the winding heads 3, 3', 4' is synchronously changed due to the change of the forward conduction and the reverse conduction of the armature winding.
Compared with the asymmetric half-bridge topology in the prior art, the number of the switching tubes and the diodes is greatly reduced, and only one diode and three switching tubes are used, so that the control cost is reduced, and the efficiency is improved; and no additional energy storage element is needed, so that the volume and cost of the system are reduced; no extra slot space is occupied, and the advantage of low cost of the motor is maintained. The driving topology provided by the application has low cost and easy control, and has better application prospect if being applied to the two-phase SRM, and the application field of the driving topology can be further widened.
Drawings
The foregoing and other features of the present disclosure will be more fully described when considered in conjunction with the following drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only several embodiments of the present disclosure and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope. The present disclosure will be described more specifically and in detail by using the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an asymmetric half-bridge topology circuit of a two-phase motor according to embodiment 1 of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of one electrical cycle of the whole-pitch SRM of the present application, wherein fig. 2a is a schematic diagram of the winding current in the positive direction, and fig. 2b is a schematic diagram of the motor positive current direction consistent with the driving topology positive current direction.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a current loop of an asymmetric half-bridge topology of the two-phase motor of the present application when the armature winding is forward conducting.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a current loop of an asymmetric half-bridge topology of a two-phase motor of the present application when the armature windings are turned on in the reverse direction.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a freewheel loop of an excitation winding in an asymmetric half-bridge topology of a two-phase motor according to the present application.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a forward freewheel loop of an armature winding in an asymmetric half-bridge topology of a two-phase motor of the present application.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a reverse freewheeling circuit of an armature winding in an asymmetric half-bridge topology of a two-phase motor of the present application.
In the figure, the internal diode of each switching tube is drawn, and the switching tube and the internal diode within the dashed box are actually one overall switching tube.
Description of the embodiments
The following examples are described to aid in the understanding of the application and are not, nor should they be construed in any way to limit the scope of the application.
In the following description, those skilled in the art will recognize that components may be described as separate functional units (which may include sub-units) throughout this discussion, but those skilled in the art will recognize that various components or portions thereof may be divided into separate components or may be integrated together (including integration within a single system or component).
Meanwhile, connections between components or systems are not intended to be limited to direct connections, but rather, data between these components may be modified, reformatted, or otherwise changed by intermediate components. In addition, additional or fewer connections may be used. It should also be noted that the terms "coupled," "connected," or "input" are to be understood to include direct connection, indirect connection via one or more intermediary devices, and wireless connection.
Examples
The asymmetric half-bridge topological circuit of the two-phase motor comprises two bridge arms, two ends of the two bridge arms are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a power supply, the first bridge arm is formed by connecting a first switching tube VT1 and an exciting winding F in series, the second bridge arm is formed by connecting a second switching tube VT2 and a third switching tube VT3 in series, one end of an armature winding A is connected with a wire between the second switching tube VT2 and the third switching tube VT3, the other end of the armature winding A is connected with a wire between the first switching tube VT1 and the exciting winding F, one end of the first switching tube VT1 is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, one end of the exciting winding F is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, and a diode VD is connected in parallel to the exciting winding F. The anode of the diode VD is connected with the negative electrode (negative bus) of the power supply, the cathode of the diode VD is connected with the first switching tube VT1, one end of the second switching tube VT2 is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, and one end of the third switching tube VT3 is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply. The first switching tube VT1, the second switching tube VT2 and the third switching tube VT3 are triodes. The first switching tube VT1, the second switching tube VT2 and the third switching tube VT3 are NPN type triodes. The collector of the first switching tube VT1 is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, the emitter is connected with the exciting winding F, the base is connected with the positive conduction control signal output end of the armature winding A, the other end of the exciting winding F is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, the collector of the second switching tube VT2 is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, the emitter is connected with the collector of the third switching tube VT3, the base is connected with the negative conduction control signal output end of the armature winding A, and the emitter of the third switching tube VT3 is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, and the base is connected with the positive conduction control signal output end of the armature winding A, as shown in figure 1.
The first switching tube VT1, the second switching tube VT2 and the third switching tube VT3 are provided with an internal diode VD, the internal diode VD is reversely connected in parallel with the switching tube, the anode of the internal diode VD is connected with the emitter of the switching tube, the cathode of the internal diode VD is connected with the collector of the switching tube, and the armature winding A carries out follow current through the internal diode VD which is reversely connected in parallel with the switching tubes of the first bridge arm and the second bridge arm. In the power electronic tube, all the switching tubes, whether the IGBT or the MOSFET, are processed and the principle of the switching tubes determines that the tubes can only control the single-phase on-off, and the reverse direction is the diode VD, so that the internal diode VD which is in anti-parallel connection is naturally arranged inside the switching tubes. The second switching tube VT2 is turned off, the first switching tube VT1 and the third switching tube VT3 are turned on, the armature winding A is turned on in the forward direction, and a current loop when the armature winding A is turned on in the forward direction is as follows: a power supply positive electrode, a first switching tube VT1, an armature winding A, a third switching tube VT3 and a power supply negative electrode, and a power supply positive electrode, a first switching tube VT1, an excitation winding F and a power supply negative electrode (shown in figure 3); the first switching tube VT1 and the third switching tube VT3 are turned off, the second switching tube VT2 is turned on, the armature winding A is reversely conducted, and a current loop when the armature winding A is reversely conducted is as follows: a power supply positive electrode, a second switching tube VT2, an armature winding a, and a power supply negative electrode (as shown in fig. 4). In the process of reversing the armature winding A, the armature winding A and the exciting winding F are switched in parallel and in series or in series and in parallel, and when the armature winding A is conducted in the forward direction, the armature winding A and the exciting winding F are connected in parallel, and the armature winding A and the exciting winding are wound in parallelThe voltage of group F is the supply voltage; when the armature winding A is reversely conducted, the armature winding A and the exciting winding F are connected in series and are connected with a power supply; when the first switching tube VT1 is turned on and the second switching tube VT2 and the third switching tube VT3 are turned off, the voltage of the exciting winding F is the power supply voltage; when the first switching tube VT1 and the second switching tube VT2 are turned off, the voltages of the armature winding a and the field winding F are zero. When the armature winding A is conducted in the forward direction, the total current is controlled by adjusting the duty ratio of the first switching tube VT1, and the current of the armature winding A is controlled by adjusting the duty ratio of the third switching tube VT 3. When the duty ratio of the first switching tube VT1 is 1/2, the voltage of each phase is 1/2U dc ，U dc Is the power supply voltage, so that the average voltage of two windings is consistent with that of the two windings in series connection during the commutation.
In the reversing process of the armature winding A, the exciting winding F forms a freewheel loop through a diode VD connected in parallel with the exciting winding F, and the freewheel loop is sequentially provided with a diode VD anode, a diode VD cathode, the exciting winding F and the diode VD anode (shown in figure 5). Through the armature winding a is a bidirectional alternating current, when the second switching tube VT2 is turned on, the first switching tube VT1 and the third switching tube VT3 are turned off, the forward freewheel loop of the armature winding a is: a power supply cathode, a diode VD, an armature winding a, an internal diode VD of a second switching tube VT2, and a power supply anode (as shown in fig. 6); when the second switching tube VT2 is turned off and the first switching tube VT1 and the third switching tube VT3 are turned on, the reverse freewheeling circuit of the armature winding a is: the power supply negative electrode, the internal diode VD of the third switching tube VT3, the armature winding a, the internal diode VD of the first switching tube VT1, and the power supply positive electrode (as shown in fig. 7). The exciting winding F is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply and positioned at the low-voltage side, and when the switching tube is turned off, the exciting winding F has no voltage, so that the safety operation is convenient.
In the two-phase motor, the exciting winding F and the armature winding a are respectively composed of two sets of windings, the two sets of windings in the same phase are connected in series or in parallel, and the current in all windings of the motor flows into the positive direction from the end of each winding marked with a pure number (as shown in fig. 2 a), so that when the windings are wound on the motor in an end connection manner, the positive current direction specified in the motor is consistent with the positive current direction specified in the topological circuit (as shown in fig. 2 b). The current direction through the field winding F is unchanged, and therefore through the winding ends 1, 1', 2', twice in one electrical cycle, and the current direction in the winding ends 3, 3', 4' is synchronously changed by the change of the armature winding a forward and reverse conduction.
While the application has been disclosed in terms of various aspects and embodiments, other aspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of this disclosure, and many changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the application. The various aspects and embodiments of the present application are disclosed for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the application, the true scope of which is set forth in the following claims.
Claims (8)
1. The asymmetric half-bridge topological circuit of the two-phase motor is characterized by comprising two bridge arms, wherein two ends of the two bridge arms are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a power supply, the first bridge arm is formed by connecting a first switching tube and an excitation winding in series, the second bridge arm is formed by connecting a second switching tube and a third switching tube in series, one end of an armature winding is connected with a wire between the second switching tube and the third switching tube, the other end of the armature winding is connected with a wire between the first switching tube and the excitation winding, one end of the first switching tube is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, one end of the excitation winding is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, and the excitation winding is connected with a diode in parallel, so that the forward conduction and reverse conduction of the armature winding are realized by controlling the switching tubes of the first bridge arm and the second bridge arm to be turned on or off; the anode of the diode is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, the cathode of the diode is connected with the first switching tube, one end of the second switching tube is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, and one end of the third switching tube is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply.
2. The asymmetric half-bridge topology of a two-phase motor of claim 1, wherein said first, second and third switching transistors are triodes.
3. The asymmetric half-bridge topology of two-phase motor of claim 2, wherein said first, second and third switching tubes are NPN transistors; the collector of the first switching tube is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, the emitter is connected with the exciting winding, the base is connected with the positive conduction control signal output end of the armature winding, the other end of the exciting winding is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, the collector of the second switching tube is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, the emitter is connected with the collector of the third switching tube, the base is connected with the negative conduction control signal output end of the armature winding, the emitter of the third switching tube is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, and the base is connected with the positive conduction control signal output end of the armature winding.
4. The asymmetric half-bridge topology of a two-phase motor of claim 1, wherein the first, second and third switching tubes are provided with internal diodes, the internal diodes are antiparallel to the switching tubes, anodes of the internal diodes are connected to emitters of the switching tubes, cathodes of the internal diodes are connected to collectors of the switching tubes, and the armature winding freewheels through the antiparallel internal diodes of the switching tubes of the first and second bridge arms.
5. An asymmetric half-bridge topology for a two-phase motor according to claim 1, wherein,
(1) The second switching tube is turned off, the first switching tube and the third switching tube are conducted, the armature winding is conducted in the forward direction, and a current loop when the armature winding is conducted in the forward direction is as follows: the power supply positive pole, the first switching tube, the armature winding, the third switching tube and the power supply negative pole; the first switching tube and the third switching tube are turned off, the second switching tube is turned on, the armature winding is reversely turned on, and a current loop when the armature winding is reversely turned on is as follows: the power supply positive electrode, the second switch tube, the armature winding and the power supply negative electrode;
(2) In the reversing process of the armature winding, the exciting winding forms a follow current loop through a diode connected with the exciting winding in parallel, and the follow current loop sequentially comprises a diode anode, a diode cathode, the exciting winding and a diode anode.
6. The asymmetric half-bridge topology of a two-phase motor of claim 5, wherein the armature winding and the exciting winding have a parallel-to-serial switching process in a commutation process, and the armature winding and the exciting winding are connected in parallel when the armature winding is conducted in a forward direction, and the voltage of the armature winding and the exciting winding is a power supply voltage; when the armature winding is reversely conducted, the armature winding and the exciting winding are connected in series and are connected with a power supply; when the first switching tube is turned on and the second switching tube and the third switching tube are turned off, the voltage of the exciting winding is the power supply voltage; when the first switching tube and the second switching tube are turned off, the voltages of the armature winding and the exciting winding are zero.
7. The asymmetric half-bridge topology of a two phase motor of claim 6 wherein when the armature winding is conducting in the forward direction, the total current is controlled by adjusting the duty cycle of the first switching tube and the current of the armature winding is controlled by adjusting the duty cycle of the third switching tube.
8. The asymmetric half-bridge topology of a two-phase motor of claim 1, wherein the bi-directionally alternating current through the armature winding, when the second switching tube is on, the first switching tube and the third switching tube are off, the forward freewheeling circuit of the armature winding is: the power supply cathode, the diode connected with the exciting winding in parallel, the armature winding, the internal diode of the second switching tube and the power supply anode; when the second switching tube is turned off and the first switching tube and the third switching tube are turned on, the reverse freewheel loop of the armature winding is as follows: the power supply comprises a power supply cathode, an internal diode of the third switching tube, an armature winding, an internal diode of the first switching tube and a power supply anode.
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| Title |
|---|
| 混合励磁磁通切换电机等效磁路模型;许泽刚 等;中国电机工程学报;第31卷(第30期);第124-131页 * |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN114337457A (en) | 2022-04-12 |
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