CN103780042A - Brushless direct current reluctance starter generator - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a brushless direct current reluctance starter generator. The generator comprises a three-phase armature winding, an exciting winding, a winding series-parallel switching switch, a stator iron core, a rotor iron core, a shaft, a position sensor, a bridge converter and a controller, wherein armature coils, wound intensively, are wound on each pole of the stator iron core; excitation coils are wound by crossing three stator poles; and the armature coils in the same phase are in series or parallel connection to form a group. According to the starter generator, a reluctance structure is used; no winding is generated on the rotor; the generator is simple in structure and reliable to operate; excitation current can be adjusted to keep stability of output voltage during generating; when the generator is started, the generator rotates by means of a reluctance torque; the armature coils are connected in series; a large starting torque is achieved; the generator is applicable to operation at a low speed; the excitation winding is used for generating a magnetic field during generating; the armature coils are connected in parallel; small armature reaction is generated; and the generator is applicable to operation in a high speed. The brushless direct current reluctance starter generator is very applicable to transport tools comprising vehicles.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type starter-generator, belong to electric motor of automobile and technical field of electric appliances.
Background technology
Starter-generator can be used as motor operation and pilot engine, and can be power consumption equipment power supply as generator operation again, is the critical component of the novel energy-conserving automobile such as hybrid vehicle, idle stop automobile.Along with the development of automotive engineering, starting-generating machine technology is more and more applied on automobile.
In order to extend the useful life of starter-generator, reduce the electromagnetic interference of the spark of carbon brush generation, starter-generator should adopt non-brushing structure.Can be applied at present the motor of automobile start generator mainly by Lundell alternating current machine, permagnetic synchronous motor, switched reluctance machines etc.Lundell alternating current machine adopts epitrochanterian excitation winding excitation, is suitable as very much generator and uses, and is not suitable for starting the defect such as low-speed running, epitrochanterian excitation winding failure rate height but use to exist as starter.Permagnetic synchronous motor is to use permanent magnetic material excitation, and its voltage adjustment is difficulty comparatively.Rotor structure of switching reluctance dynamo is very simple, is suitable for the occasion such as high temperature, high speed, and starting characteristic is good, therefore, since the end of the eighties in last century, external always very active to the research of switched reluctance machines.Although noise is larger when switched reluctance machines operation, during for starter, noise of motor is little more than engine.But output current is pulsed to switched reluctance machines during as generator operation, needs special current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, and switch reluctance generator voltage-regulation ability is comparatively complicated, and cost is higher.Therefore,, if can be good in conjunction with Lundell alternator voltage voltage adjustment characteristic, advantage that switched reluctance machines starting characteristic is good, inventing a kind of novel brushless direct-current reluctance motor will have very high application prospect.
In current existing technology, the patent of invention of application: the electric excitation biconvex electrode electric machine rotor-position identification method based on three-phase six status triggerings, application number 201310148450.0.Propose a kind ofly to inject action of low-voltage pulse vector based on being conducted between two and carry out the method that rotor-position is estimated, its motor adopting is electric excitation biconvex electrode electric machine, this motor adopts the three phase full bridge converter identical with permanent magnetic brushless in the time of electric operation, to the forward current that communicates, produce positive electromagnetic torque and positive reluctance torque respectively; Another negative current that communicates, produces positive electromagnetic torque and negative reluctance torque.Wherein reluctance torque is cancelled out each other, and electromagnetic torque plays a major role and externally exports, and has wasted part reluctance torque.And in order to reduce the armature reaction of electric excitation biconvex electrode electric machine, its armature winding number of turn is generally little, and each phase inductance of this motor is less like this, and total output torque is lower.Similar, the patent of invention of mandate: a kind of starting power generation system for electric automobile, 201110245987.X, has also invented the starting-generating system of a kind of sampling three-phase full-bridge converter control, and output torque when its starting is also electromagnetic torque.The patent of invention of authorizing: a kind of power converter for switch reluctance starter/generator, the patent No. 200910033555.5, announce a kind of power converter for switch reluctance starter/generator, this technology is by additional six auxiliary switches in traditional self-excitation pattern asymmetrical half-bridge power inverter topology, switching tube and the load switch pipe of each brachium pontis are effectively connected, thereby the redundancy can realize any switching tube of each brachium pontis and break down time, switching tube utilance is high, and reliability is strong.Application patent of invention: a kind of possess electronic and generating translation function electric vehicle switched reluctance machines, application number: 200910112146.4, on rotor with salient pole, install independently excitation winding and external control circuit thereof additional, excitation winding is by bus ring power taking; When electronic, its diverter switch disconnects and makes the zero load of rotor winding; In the time that vehicle brake or descending etc. make motor obtain reaction force, master control system makes rotor convert the excitation field of generator to, generates electricity by former stator armature winding is carried out to Alternating Current Excitation in the rotor-exciting magnetic field of rotation.This technology also needs to adopt carbon brush slip-ring structure to power to excitation winding, and excitation winding is also easily dispersed, and this electricity generating principle also exists certain not operability technically.Therefore this patent is uncommitted.
Technology of the present invention is neither identical with above document.First,, in principle, technology of the present invention is moved according to switched reluctance machines principle in the time of starting, and adopts novel power inverter; In the time of generating, move according to electro-magnetic motor, utilize the diode rectification on above-mentioned power inverter externally to export.Secondly, technology of the present invention is each coil series connection in the time of starting, and the number of turn is many, and electromagnetic torque is large; Each coils from parallel connection of coils in the time of generating, the number of turn is few, the environment that runs up while being applicable to generating.
In a word, not yet retrieve at present the similar technology of the present invention both at home and abroad.With respect to prior art, technology disclosed by the invention adopts different principles in the time of electronic and generating state, has technically certain creativeness; Also on switching, the armature winding of electric power converter, motoring condition and generating state there is certain novelty in addition.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to environment for use and the starting speed characteristic of existing automobile, while relying on reluctance torque, generating while having proposed armature winding that a kind of employing can be connected in series or in parallel, starting, rely on the brushless direct-current reluctance type starter-generator of excitation pressure regulation, both can pilot engine, and can after starting, generate electricity again and provide power supply for engine, automobile etc.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme for solving its technical problem:
A kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type starter-generator, comprises threephase armature winding, excitation winding, connection in series-parallel diverter switch, stator core, rotor core, axle, position transducer, bridge converter and controller.It is characterized in that:
Each armature coil that is wound with centralized coiling on extremely of stator core, excitation winding is composed in series by magnet exciting coil, magnet exciting coil is also positioned on stator and across three stator poles coilings, and adjacent magnet exciting coil is around on the contrary, and the magnet exciting coil of armature coil and linkage in the same way;
Connection in series-parallel diverter switch can be synchronous armature coil serial or parallel connection composition A phase armature winding, B phase armature winding and C phase armature winding, described A phase armature winding, B phase armature winding and C phase armature winding adopt three-phase star connection, the neutral point being connected together connects positive pole by the 7th diode, and neutral point is also by the 4th switching tube ground connection; The other end of A phase armature winding, B phase armature winding and C phase armature winding connects respectively three brachium pontis mid points of half-controlled bridge, the lower half-bridge of half-controlled bridge is made up of the first diode, the second diode and the 3rd diode, the upper half-bridge of half-controlled bridge is made up of the first switching tube, second switch pipe and the 3rd switching tube, and the first switching tube, second switch pipe, the 3rd switching tube and the 4th switching tube are all with body diode; Described excitation winding series connection the 5th switching tube, the two ends of excitation winding are connected to the 9th diode as fly-wheel diode;
In the time that described starter-generator is operated in starting state, the armature coil series connection of each phase, position transducer detection rotor position, the conducting respectively of the above-mentioned switching tube of controller control, the phase armature winding energising increasing to inductance successively, described starting-generating chance relies on reluctance torque rotation; In the time that described starter-generator is operated in generating state, controller control the 5th switching tube conducting, to excitation winding energising and according to the size of rotating speed and adjustment of load exciting current, connection in series-parallel diverter switch control threephase armature coils from parallel connection of coils, threephase armature winding produces three-phase alternating current, externally exports direct current by the diode rectification on half-controlled bridge.
A kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type starter-generator as above, it is characterized in that: the lower half-bridge of described half-controlled bridge comprises controlled member, the upper half-bridge that is half-controlled bridge is made up of the first diode, the second diode and the 3rd diode, the lower half-bridge of half-controlled bridge is made up of the first switching tube, second switch pipe and the 3rd switching tube, the neutral point of described armature winding is by the 7th diode ground connection, and neutral point connects positive pole by the 4th switching tube.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
(1) starter-generator disclosed by the invention adopts reluctance type structure, and rotor is without winding, reliable operation simple in structure;
(2) can be by regulating exciting current to keep the stable of output voltage while generating;
(3) armature coil series connection while starting, starting torque is large, is suitable for the apparatuss of transport such as automobile and uses;
(4) the neutral point of armature winding, with two diodes, can utilize the voltage fluctuation of neutral point to improve energy output.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type starter-generator power inverter topology of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type of the present invention starter-generator motor body structural representation, wherein: 1, stator core; 2, excitation winding; 3, armature winding; 4, rotor core; 5, axle.
Fig. 3 is a kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type of the present invention starter-generator A phase coil switching principle figure.
Fig. 4 is a kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type starter-generator three pole reactor of the present invention and electric principle figure.
The three-phase current of emulation when Fig. 5 is a kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type of the present invention starter-generator electric operation.
The output torque of emulation when Fig. 6 is a kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type of the present invention starter-generator electric operation.
The three-phase voltage of emulation when Fig. 7 is a kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type of the present invention starter-generator generator operation.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention is described in further details.
Fig. 1 is a kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type starter-generator power inverter topology of the present invention.
Described starter-generator has A phase, B phase and C phase threephase armature winding, and threephase armature winding adopts star connection, and the neutral point being connected together connects positive pole by the 7th diode, and neutral point is also by the 4th switching tube ground connection; The other end of A phase, B phase and C phase threephase armature winding connects respectively three brachium pontis mid points of half-controlled bridge, and the upper half-bridge of described half-controlled bridge is respectively the first switching tube, second switch pipe and the 3rd switching tube; Described the first switching tube, second switch pipe, the 3rd switching tube and the 4th switching tube are all with body diode; Described excitation winding series connection the 5th switching tube, the two ends of excitation winding are connected to the 9th diode as fly-wheel diode.
In the time that described starter-generator is operated in starting state, the armature coil series connection of each phase, position transducer detection rotor position, the conducting respectively of the above-mentioned switching tube of controller control, the phase armature winding energising increasing to inductance successively, described starting-generating chance relies on reluctance torque rotation, due to armature coil series connection, therefore starting torque is large, and the starting state of applicable low-speed running; In the time that described starter-generator is operated in generating state, controller control the 5th switching tube conducting, to excitation winding energising and according to the size of rotating speed and adjustment of load exciting current, when rotor, the magnetic linkage of each phase armature coil can change, threephase armature winding produces three-phase alternating current, externally exports direct current, the parallel connection of connection in series-parallel diverter switch control armature coil by the diode rectification on half-controlled bridge, armature reaction is little, and the generating state that is applicable to running up.
The neutral point of described armature winding is connected to two diodes, can utilize the voltage fluctuation of neutral point to improve energy output.
Fig. 2 is a kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type of the present invention starter-generator motor body structural representation, and described starter-generator comprises threephase armature winding, excitation winding, connection in series-parallel diverter switch, stator core, rotor core, axle, position transducer, bridge converter and controller.Each armature coil that is wound with centralized coiling on extremely of described stator core, magnet exciting coil is also positioned on stator and across three stator poles coilings, and adjacent magnet exciting coil is around on the contrary, and the magnet exciting coil of armature coil and linkage is in the same way.
Fig. 3 is a kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type of the present invention starter-generator A phase coil switching principle figure.Connection in series-parallel diverter switch can be synchronous armature coil serial or parallel connection composition A phase, B phase or C phase armature winding.Described in figure is the situation that A comprises two A1 and two coils of A2 mutually, and therefore connection in series-parallel diverter switch is a double-point double-throw switch.When starting state, Control double-point double-throw switch engagement S1 contact and S2 contact, A1 armature coil and the series connection of A2 armature coil; When generating state, Control double-point double-throw switch engagement G1 and G2 contact, A1 armature coil and the parallel connection of A2 armature coil.
Fig. 4 is a kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type starter-generator three pole reactor of the present invention and electric principle figure.When stator pole embrace is 0.5, rotor pole arc coefficient is 0.333 o'clock, and the three pole reactor of described starter-generator is as shown in Lp in figure.The phase armature winding increasing to inductance is successively switched on electric current I p, and three phase windings of described starter-generator can produce respectively reluctance torque Tpr, and synthetic Tr is the externally torque of output.
The three-phase current of emulation when Fig. 5 is a kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type of the present invention starter-generator electric operation.This figure is simulated current, basically identical with the theory analysis current waveform shown in Fig. 4, has verified the correctness of the inventive method.
The output torque of emulation when Fig. 6 is a kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type of the present invention starter-generator electric operation.This figure is emulation torque, and described starter-generator can be exported the reluctance torque of forward, has verified the correctness of the inventive method.While being electric current commutation with the difference of the theory analysis shown in Fig. 4, have certain torque pulsation, this is the intrinsic phenomenon of switched reluctance machines, can reduce this torque pulsation by optimizing switch angle.
The three-phase voltage of emulation when Fig. 7 is a kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type of the present invention starter-generator generator operation.Simulation result shows, when described starter-generator generating, exports three-phase alternating current, after over commutation, can externally export direct current.
Its operation principle is:
On this motor excitation winding, alive, now can set up magnetic field at motor internal, the magnetic flux of generation will form closed magnetic circuit through excitation yoke, air gap, the N utmost point pawl utmost point, air gap, stator core, the S utmost point pawl utmost point, air gap, excitation yoke.Owing to adopting brush-free claw-pole formula electricity excitation rotor, there is no carbon brush slip-ring structure, failure rate is low.
When generator operation: this starter-generator of driven by engine is pressed certain orientation rotation, the magnetic linkage of threephase armature winding linkage is along with rotor-position changes and changes, thus the induced potential of generation three-phase alternation.In the time that needs direct current is exported, with external power inverter rectification output direct current, supply with various electrical loads or to charge in batteries.By adjusting the size of exciting current, can keep described starter-generator under variable speed varying load operating mode, to keep the stable of output voltage.
When starting operation: detect motor rotor position by position transducer, position signalling is flowed to after controller, the respective switch pipe of controller power ratio control converter, the winding rising to inductance passes to forward current, the winding declining to inductance passes to negative current, and motor can be realized external output reluctance torque.This operation principle and switched reluctance machines are basically identical.
Claims (2)
1. a brushless direct-current reluctance type starter-generator, comprises threephase armature winding, excitation winding, connection in series-parallel diverter switch, stator core, rotor core, axle, position transducer, bridge converter and controller, it is characterized in that:
Each armature coil that is wound with centralized coiling on extremely of stator core, excitation winding is composed in series by magnet exciting coil, magnet exciting coil is also positioned on stator and across three stator poles coilings, and adjacent magnet exciting coil is around on the contrary, and the magnet exciting coil of armature coil and linkage in the same way;
Connection in series-parallel diverter switch can be synchronous armature coil serial or parallel connection composition A phase armature winding, B phase armature winding and C phase armature winding, described A phase armature winding, B phase armature winding and C phase armature winding adopt three-phase star connection, the neutral point being connected together connects positive pole by the 7th diode, and neutral point is also by the 4th switching tube ground connection; The other end of A phase armature winding, B phase armature winding and C phase armature winding connects respectively three brachium pontis mid points of half-controlled bridge, the lower half-bridge of half-controlled bridge is made up of the first diode, the second diode and the 3rd diode, the upper half-bridge of half-controlled bridge is made up of the first switching tube, second switch pipe and the 3rd switching tube, and the first switching tube, second switch pipe, the 3rd switching tube and the 4th switching tube are all with body diode; Described excitation winding series connection the 5th switching tube, the two ends of excitation winding are connected to the 9th diode as fly-wheel diode;
In the time that described starter-generator is operated in starting state, the armature coil series connection of each phase, position transducer detection rotor position, the conducting respectively of the above-mentioned switching tube of controller control, the phase armature winding energising increasing to inductance successively, described starting-generating chance relies on reluctance torque rotation; In the time that described starter-generator is operated in generating state, controller control the 5th switching tube conducting, to excitation winding energising and according to the size of rotating speed and adjustment of load exciting current, connection in series-parallel diverter switch control threephase armature coils from parallel connection of coils, threephase armature winding produces three-phase alternating current, externally exports direct current by the diode rectification on half-controlled bridge.
2. a kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type starter-generator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the lower half-bridge of described half-controlled bridge comprises controlled member, the upper half-bridge that is half-controlled bridge is made up of the first diode, the second diode and the 3rd diode, the lower half-bridge of half-controlled bridge is made up of the first switching tube, second switch pipe and the 3rd switching tube, the neutral point of described armature winding is by the 7th diode ground connection, and neutral point connects positive pole by the 4th switching tube.
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| CN105576929A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-05-11 | 华中科技大学 | AC brushless electro-magnetic starter generator employing concentrated windings |
| CN106301140A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2017-01-04 | 重庆乔麦科技有限公司 | A kind of four-phase motor energy-saving circuit |
| CN106787283A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-05-31 | 童自成 | Extend the switched reluctance machines of electric motor car course continuation mileage |
| CN107482972A (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2017-12-15 | 迪尔公司 | System and method for the self-energizing inverter suitable for induction machine |
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| CN107482972B (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2022-06-07 | 迪尔公司 | System and method for self-energizing inverter for induction machine |
| CN106301140B (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2021-02-05 | 重庆乔麦科技有限公司 | Four-phase motor energy-saving circuit |
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| CN110034710A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-07-19 | 重庆交通职业学院 | Automobile self-regulation excitation electricity generation system |
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| CN110798121A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-02-14 | 华中科技大学 | Thyristor-based magnetic field modulation switched reluctance motor driving system and control method |
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Effective date of registration: 20190116 Address after: 246400 Taihu County Economic Development Zone, Anqing, Anhui Patentee after: Anhui Zhong Ci high-tech company limited Address before: 255049 School of Communications, Shandong University of Technology, No. 12 Zhangzhou Road, Zhangdian District, Zibo City, Shandong Province Patentee before: Shi Liwei |