CN103780042B - A kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type starter-generator - Google Patents
A kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type starter-generator Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type starter-generator that the present invention proposes, this motor comprises threephase armature winding, excitation winding, winding connection in series-parallel diverter switch, stator core, rotor core, axle, position transducer, bridge converter and controller.Stator core each extremely on be wound with the armature coil of centralized coiling, magnet exciting coil is across three stator poles coilings, and synchronous armature coil serial or parallel connection forms a phase.Starter-generator disclosed by the invention adopts reluctance type structure, and rotor is without winding, and the simple reliable operation of structure, can keep the stable of output voltage by regulating exciting current during generating; Rely on reluctance torque to rotate during starting, armature coil is connected, and starting torque is large, and is applicable to low-speed running; Utilize excitation winding to produce magnetic field during generating, armature coil is in parallel, and armature reaction is little, and is applicable to running up.The technology of the present invention is suitable for the apparatuss of transport such as automobile and uses very much.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type starter-generator, belong to electric motor of automobile and technical field of electric appliances.
Background technology
Starter-generator can be used as motor running and pilot engine, and can be that power consumption equipment is powered as generator operation again, be the critical component of the novel energy-conserving automobile such as hybrid vehicle, idle stop automobile.Along with the development of automotive engineering, starting-generating machine technology is more and more applied on automobile.
In order to extend the useful life of starter-generator, reduce the electromagnetic interference of the spark that carbon brush produces, starter-generator should adopt non-brushing structure.The motor of automobile start generator can be applied at present primarily of Lundell alternating current machine, permagnetic synchronous motor, switched reluctance machines etc.Lundell alternating current machine adopts epitrochanterian excitation winding excitation, is suitable as very much generator and uses, but uses existence to be not suitable for starting the defect such as low-speed running, epitrochanterian excitation winding failure rate height as starter.Permanent magnetic material excitation used by permagnetic synchronous motor, and its Voltage Cortrol is comparatively difficult.Rotor structure of switching reluctance dynamo is very simple, be suitable for the occasion such as high temperature, high speed, and starting characteristic is good, therefore, since the end of the eighties in last century, always very active to the research of switched reluctance machines abroad.Although noise is comparatively large when switched reluctance machines runs, during for starter, noise of motor is little more than engine.But switched reluctance machines is pulsed as output current during generator operation, and need special current rectifying and wave filtering circuit, and switch reluctance generator voltage regulation capability is comparatively complicated, cost is higher.Therefore, if can, advantage that switched reluctance machines starting characteristic good good in conjunction with Lundell alternator voltage voltage adjustment characteristic, inventing a kind of novel brushless direct-current reluctance motor will have very high application prospect.
In current existing technology, the patent of invention of application: based on the electric excitation biconvex electrode electric machine rotor-position identification method of three-phase six status triggering, application number 201310148450.0.Propose a kind of action of low-voltage pulse vector of injecting based on being conducted between two and carry out the method that rotor-position estimates, its motor adopted is electric excitation biconvex electrode electric machine, this motor adopts the three-phase full bridge converters identical with permanent magnetic brushless when electric operation, to communicate forward current to one respectively, produce positive electromagnetic torque and positive reluctance torque; Another negative current that communicates, produces positive electromagnetic torque and negative reluctance torque.Wherein reluctance torque is cancelled out each other, and electromagnetic torque plays a major role and externally exports, and wastes part reluctance torque.And in order to reduce the armature reaction of electric excitation biconvex electrode electric machine, its armature winding number of turn is generally little, each phase inductance of this motor is less like this, and total Driving Torque is lower.Similar, the patent of invention of mandate: a kind of starting power generation system for electric automobile, 201110245987.X, have also been invented the starting-generating system that a kind of sampling three-phase full-bridge converter controls, and Driving Torque when it starts also is electromagnetic torque.The patent of invention of authorizing: a kind of power converter for switch reluctance starter/generator, the patent No. 200910033555.5, disclose a kind of power converter for switch reluctance starter/generator, this technology is by additional six auxiliary switches in traditional self-excitation pattern asymmetrical half-bridge power converter topologies, effective be connected each brachium pontis switching tube and load switch pipe, thus the redundancy that can realize when any switching tube of each brachium pontis breaks down, switching tube utilance is high, and reliability is strong.The patent of invention of application: a kind of possess electric vehicle switched reluctance machines that is electronic and generating translation function, application number: 200910112146.4, rotor with salient pole installs additional independently excitation winding and external control circuit thereof, and excitation winding is by bus ring power taking; Time electronic, its diverter switch disconnects and makes rotor windings unloaded; When vehicle brake or descending etc. make motor obtain reaction force, master control system makes rotor convert the excitation field of generator to, and the rotor-exciting magnetic field of rotation generates electricity by carrying out Alternating Current Excitation to original sub-armature winding.This technology also needs to adopt carbon brush slip-ring structure to power to excitation winding, and excitation winding is also easily dispersed, and this electricity generating principle also exists certain not operability technically.Therefore this patent is uncommitted.
Technology of the present invention is neither identical with above document.First, in principle, technology of the present invention is run according to switched reluctance machines principle when starting, and adopts novel power inverter; Running according to electro-magnetic motor when generating electricity, utilizing the diode rectification on above-mentioned power inverter externally to export.Secondly, technology of the present invention is each coils connected in series when starting, and the number of turn is many, and electromagnetic torque is large; Each coils from parallel connection of coils when generating electricity, the number of turn is few, is applicable to the environment that runs up during generating.
In a word, the similar technology of the present invention is not yet retrieved both at home and abroad at present.Relative to prior art, technology disclosed by the invention adopts different principles electronic with during generating state, has certain creativeness technically; Also on the armature winding of electric power converter, motoring condition and generating state switches, there is certain novelty in addition.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to environment for use and the starting speed characteristic of existing automobile, propose armature winding that a kind of employing can be connected in series or in parallel, rely on the brushless direct-current reluctance type starter-generator relying on excitation pressure regulation when reluctance torque, generating when starting, both can pilot engine, can generate electricity after activation as engine, automobile etc. provide power supply again.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme for solving its technical problem:
A kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type starter-generator, comprises threephase armature winding, excitation winding, connection in series-parallel diverter switch, stator core, rotor core, axle, position transducer, bridge converter and controller.It is characterized in that:
Stator core each extremely on be wound with the armature coil of centralized coiling, excitation winding is composed in series by magnet exciting coil, magnet exciting coil to be also positioned on stator and across three stator poles coilings, and adjacent magnet exciting coil is around on the contrary, and the magnet exciting coil of armature coil and linkage in the same way;
Connection in series-parallel diverter switch can synchronous armature coil serial or parallel connection composition A phase armature winding, B phase armature winding and C phase armature winding, described A phase armature winding, B phase armature winding and C phase armature winding adopt three-phase star connection, the neutral point be connected together connects positive pole by the 7th diode, and neutral point is also by the 4th switching tube ground connection; The other end of A phase armature winding, B phase armature winding and C phase armature winding connects three brachium pontis mid points of half-controlled bridge respectively, the lower half-bridge of half-controlled bridge is made up of the first diode, the second diode and the 3rd diode, the upper half-bridge of half-controlled bridge is made up of the first switching tube, second switch pipe and the 3rd switching tube, and the first switching tube, second switch pipe, the 3rd switching tube and the 4th switching tube are all with body diode; Described excitation winding series connection the 5th switching tube, the two ends of excitation winding are connected to the 9th diode as fly-wheel diode;
When described starter-generator is operated in starting state, the armature coil series connection of each phase, position transducer detection rotor position, controller controls the conducting respectively of above-mentioned switching tube, successively to the phase armature winding energising that inductance increases, described starting-generating chance relies on reluctance torque to rotate; When described starter-generator is operated in generating state, controller controls the 5th switching tube conducting, to excitation winding energising and according to the size of rotating speed and adjustment of load exciting current, connection in series-parallel diverter switch controls threephase armature coils from parallel connection of coils, threephase armature winding produces three-phase alternating current, externally exports direct current by the diode rectification on half-controlled bridge.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
(1) starter-generator disclosed by the invention adopts reluctance type structure, rotor without winding, the simple reliable operation of structure;
(2) can keep the stable of output voltage by regulating exciting current during generating;
(3) armature coil series connection when starting, starting torque is large, is suitable for the apparatuss of transport such as automobile and uses;
(4) the neutral point of armature winding is with two diodes, and the voltage fluctuation of neutral point can be utilized to improve energy output.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type starter-generator power converter topologies of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type of the present invention starter-generator motor body structural representation, wherein: 1, stator core; 2, excitation winding; 3, armature winding; 4, rotor core; 5, axle.
Fig. 3 is a kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type of the present invention starter-generator A phase coil switching principle figure.
Fig. 4 is a kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type starter-generator three pole reactor of the present invention and electric principle figure.
The three-phase current that Fig. 5 emulates when being a kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type starter-generator electric operation of the present invention.
The Driving Torque that Fig. 6 emulates when being a kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type starter-generator electric operation of the present invention.
The three-phase voltage that Fig. 7 emulates when being a kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type starter-generator generator operation of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention is described in further details.
Fig. 1 is a kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type starter-generator power converter topologies of the present invention.
Described starter-generator has A phase, B phase and C phase threephase armature winding, and threephase armature winding adopts star connection, and the neutral point be connected together connects positive pole by the 7th diode, and neutral point is also by the 4th switching tube ground connection; The other end of A phase, B phase and C phase threephase armature winding connects three brachium pontis mid points of half-controlled bridge respectively, the lower half-bridge of half-controlled bridge is made up of the first diode, the second diode and the 3rd diode, and the upper half-bridge of half-controlled bridge is respectively the first switching tube, second switch pipe and the 3rd switching tube; Described first switching tube, second switch pipe, the 3rd switching tube and the 4th switching tube are all with body diode; Described excitation winding series connection the 5th switching tube, the two ends of excitation winding are connected to the 9th diode as fly-wheel diode.
When described starter-generator is operated in starting state, the armature coil series connection of each phase, position transducer detection rotor position, controller controls the conducting respectively of above-mentioned switching tube, successively to the phase armature winding energising that inductance increases, described starting-generating chance relies on reluctance torque to rotate, due to armature coil series connection, therefore starting torque is large, and is applicable to the starting state of low-speed running; When described starter-generator is operated in generating state, controller controls the 5th switching tube conducting, to excitation winding energising and according to the size of rotating speed and adjustment of load exciting current, when rotor rotates, the magnetic linkage of each phase armature coil can change, threephase armature winding produces three-phase alternating current, externally exports direct current by the diode rectification on half-controlled bridge, and it is in parallel that connection in series-parallel diverter switch controls armature coil, armature reaction is little, and is applicable to the generating state that runs up.
The neutral point of described armature winding is connected to two diodes, and the voltage fluctuation of neutral point can be utilized to improve energy output.
Fig. 2 is a kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type of the present invention starter-generator motor body structural representation, and described starter-generator comprises threephase armature winding, excitation winding, connection in series-parallel diverter switch, stator core, rotor core, axle, position transducer, bridge converter and controller.Described stator core each extremely on be wound with the armature coil of centralized coiling, magnet exciting coil to be also positioned on stator and across three stator poles coilings, and adjacent magnet exciting coil is around on the contrary, and the magnet exciting coil of armature coil and linkage is in the same way.
Fig. 3 is a kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type of the present invention starter-generator A phase coil switching principle figure.Connection in series-parallel diverter switch can synchronous armature coil serial or parallel connection composition A phase, B phase or C phase armature winding.Described in figure is the situation that A phase comprises two A1 and A2, two coils, and therefore connection in series-parallel diverter switch is a double-point double-throw switch.During starting state, Control double-point double-throw switch engagement S1 contact and S2 contact, A1 armature coil and the series connection of A2 armature coil; During generating state, Control double-point double-throw switch engagement G1 and G2 contact, then A1 armature coil and the parallel connection of A2 armature coil.
Fig. 4 is a kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type starter-generator three pole reactor of the present invention and electric principle figure.When stator pole embrace is 0.5, when rotor pole arc coefficient is 0.333, the three pole reactor of described starter-generator is as shown in Lp in figure.The phase armature winding increased to inductance is successively energized with electric current I p, and the three-phase windings of described starter-generator can produce reluctance torque Tpr respectively, and the Tr of synthesis is the torque externally exported.
The three-phase current that Fig. 5 emulates when being a kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type starter-generator electric operation of the present invention.This figure is simulated current, basically identical with the theory analysis current waveform shown in Fig. 4, demonstrates the correctness of the inventive method.
The Driving Torque that Fig. 6 emulates when being a kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type starter-generator electric operation of the present invention.This figure is emulation torque, and described starter-generator can export the reluctance torque of forward, demonstrates the correctness of the inventive method.There is certain torque pulsation when being current commutation with the difference of the theory analysis shown in Fig. 4, this is the intrinsic phenomenon of switched reluctance machines, can reduce this torque pulsation by optimizing switch angle.
The three-phase voltage that Fig. 7 emulates when being a kind of brushless direct-current reluctance type starter-generator generator operation of the present invention.Simulation result shows, exports three-phase alternating current, externally can export direct current during described starter-generator generating after over commutation.
Its operation principle is:
This motor excitation winding alives, now can set up magnetic field at motor internal, the magnetic flux of generation will form closed magnetic circuit through excitation yoke, air gap, pawl pole, N pole, air gap, stator core, pawl pole, S pole, air gap, excitation yoke.Owing to adopting brush-free claw-pole formula electricity excitation rotor, there is no carbon brush slip-ring structure, failure rate is low.
During generator operation: this starter-generator of driven by engine rotates in certain direction, the magnetic linkage of threephase armature winding linkage changes along with rotor-position and changes, thus produces the induced potential of three-phase alternation.When needs direct current exports, export direct current with external power inverter rectification, supply various electrical load or to charge in batteries.By adjusting the size of exciting current, can keep described starter-generator under variable speed varying load operating mode, keep the stable of output voltage.
During starting operation: detect motor rotor position by position transducer, after position signalling is flowed to controller, controller controls the respective switch pipe of power inverter, the winding risen to inductance passes to forward current, the winding declined to inductance passes to negative current, and motor can realize externally exporting reluctance torque.This operation principle and switched reluctance machines basically identical.
Claims (1)
1. a brushless direct-current reluctance type starter-generator, comprises threephase armature winding, excitation winding, connection in series-parallel diverter switch, stator core, rotor core, axle, position transducer, bridge converter and controller, it is characterized in that:
Stator core each extremely on be wound with the armature coil of centralized coiling, excitation winding is composed in series by magnet exciting coil, magnet exciting coil to be also positioned on stator and across three stator poles coilings, and adjacent magnet exciting coil is around on the contrary, and the magnet exciting coil of armature coil and linkage in the same way;
Connection in series-parallel diverter switch can synchronous armature coil serial or parallel connection composition A phase armature winding, B phase armature winding and C phase armature winding, described A phase armature winding, B phase armature winding and C phase armature winding adopt three-phase star connection, the neutral point be connected together connects positive pole by the 7th diode, and neutral point is also by the 4th switching tube ground connection; The other end of A phase armature winding, B phase armature winding and C phase armature winding connects three brachium pontis mid points of half-controlled bridge respectively, the lower half-bridge of half-controlled bridge is made up of the first diode, the second diode and the 3rd diode, the upper half-bridge of half-controlled bridge is made up of the first switching tube, second switch pipe and the 3rd switching tube, and the first switching tube, second switch pipe, the 3rd switching tube and the 4th switching tube are all with body diode; Described excitation winding series connection the 5th switching tube, the two ends of excitation winding are connected to the 9th diode as fly-wheel diode;
When described starter-generator is operated in starting state, the armature coil series connection of each phase, position transducer detection rotor position, controller controls the conducting respectively of above-mentioned switching tube, successively to the phase armature winding energising that inductance increases, described starting-generating chance relies on reluctance torque to rotate; When described starter-generator is operated in generating state, controller controls the 5th switching tube conducting, to excitation winding energising and according to the size of rotating speed and adjustment of load exciting current, connection in series-parallel diverter switch controls threephase armature coils from parallel connection of coils, threephase armature winding produces three-phase alternating current, externally exports direct current by the diode rectification on half-controlled bridge.
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| CN105576929A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-05-11 | 华中科技大学 | AC brushless electro-magnetic starter generator employing concentrated windings |
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| CN113328540B (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2024-03-01 | 陕西航空电气有限责任公司 | Brushless electric excitation starter generator exciter excitation winding structure and starting/power generation switching method thereof |
| CN114337457B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2023-08-15 | 西比里电机技术(苏州)有限公司 | Asymmetric half-bridge topology circuit of two-phase motor |
| CN114553076B (en) * | 2022-02-07 | 2023-11-10 | 苏州达思灵新能源科技有限公司 | Micro-torque fluctuation doubly salient direct current excitation generator |
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Effective date of registration: 20190116 Address after: 246400 Taihu County Economic Development Zone, Anqing, Anhui Patentee after: Anhui Zhong Ci high-tech company limited Address before: 255049 School of Communications, Shandong University of Technology, No. 12 Zhangzhou Road, Zhangdian District, Zibo City, Shandong Province Patentee before: Shi Liwei |
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