A kind of DC permanent-magnetic brushless rises/control electricity generation system and the control method of generator
Technical field
The present invention relates to the control method of electric motor of automobile, electricity-generating control method and control system when particularly a kind of permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine serves as the starter motor of automobile engine and generator double action.
Background technology
At present, domestic automobile is mostly actuating motor and separately design of generator, and the main silicon rectification generator that uses of generating.What this silicon rectification generator was used is that electric excitation produces magnetic flux, and needing increases magnet exciting coil, and provides exciting current with storage battery.Owing to having used magnet exciting coil, easily burn, break, to consume electric energy many, reduced the reliability of generator, increased auto cost.And DC permanent-magnetic brushless rises/generator system allows the unification of two kinds of motors, reduced the volume of motor, simultaneously, owing to using magneto, do not need to increase magnet exciting coil, Cost reduction.The plurality of advantages such as permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine has structurally simple and reliable, and during as generating, efficient is high, and the electric energy of consumption is few.
At present DC permanent-magnetic brushless rise/generator system is highly suitable on general-utility car and the hybrid power truck system.Starting/the electricity generate function of motor is answered at first the demand for development of the power-supply systems such as automobile, aircraft and is designed, and the engine of the systems such as automobile, aircraft needed starter motor to start before normal operation.The normal operation motor comes ato unit, and the characteristics that the recycling motor can four quadrant running behind the engine start are converted to electric energy to motor as generator by mechanical energy and supply with vehicle-mounted power consumption equipment and use, and charge a battery simultaneously.But because vehicle behavior is complicated, DC permanent-magnetic brushless rises/generator is during as generator, need to make by suitable control strategy system obtain desirable output under the different rotating speeds condition.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine and serve as actuating motor and control method and the control system of generating during generator.
At first, the invention provides a kind of DC permanent-magnetic brushless to rise/power-generating control system of generator, its technical scheme is: a kind of DC permanent-magnetic brushless rises/and the power-generating control system of generator, the permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine supply load that generates electricity under external force drives comprises three phase rectifier electric bridge, output voltage detecting circuit, output current detection circuit, dsp controller and Hall element;
Described three phase rectifier electric bridge is arranged on the permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine three-phase output end, the output termination load of described three phase rectifier electric bridge;
Described output voltage detecting circuit and output current detection circuit are arranged on the output of described three phase rectifier electric bridge, and the output current that produces of described output voltage detecting circuit and output current detection circuit and voltage signal are sent into respectively in the described dsp controller;
Described Hall element is arranged on the described permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine, and the position signalling that produces is sent in the described dsp controller;
The pwm signal that described dsp controller utilizes position signalling, output current and voltage signal to produce the described three phase rectifier electric bridge of control connects the three phase rectifier electric bridge.
Further, above-mentioned DC permanent-magnetic brushless rise/power-generating control system of generator in: described three phase rectifier electric bridge comprises switching tube V1, switching tube V2, switching tube V3, switching tube V4, switching tube V5 and switching tube V6;
Described switching tube V1 be arranged on that described permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine a exports mutually and the output anode of three phase rectifier electric bridge between, described switching tube V4 be arranged on that described permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine a exports mutually and the output cathode of three phase rectifier electric bridge between;
Described switching tube V3 be arranged on that described permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine b exports mutually and the output anode of three phase rectifier electric bridge between, described switching tube V6 be arranged on that described permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine b exports mutually and the output cathode of three phase rectifier electric bridge between;
Described switching tube V5 be arranged on that described permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine c exports mutually and the output anode of three phase rectifier electric bridge between, described switching tube V2 be arranged on that described permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine c exports mutually and the output cathode of three phase rectifier electric bridge between;
Between the output cathode of three phase rectifier electric bridge and anode, be provided with filter capacitor Co.
Further, above-mentioned DC permanent-magnetic brushless rise/power-generating control system of generator in: described dsp controller comprises basic I/O module, the first comparator, the first pi regulator, the second comparator, the second pi regulator and PWM generation module;
Described basic I/O module input reference voltage (U
Ref);
The input of described the first comparator accesses respectively reference voltage (U
Ref) and the output voltage (U that detects of described output voltage detecting circuit
Dc), described the first pi regulator of the output termination of described the first comparator, the output generating reference electric current (I of described the first pi regulator
Ref);
The input of described the second comparator accesses respectively reference current (I
Ref) and the output current (I that detects of described output current detection circuit
Dc), described the second comparator output terminal connects described the second pi regulator, and described the second pi regulator produces duty cycle signals and is input to described PWM generation module;
Described PWM generation module generates pwm signal according to the position signalling that described Hall element produces, and connects respectively the grid of six switching tubes of described three phase rectifier electric bridge.
Further, above-mentioned DC permanent-magnetic brushless rise/power-generating control system of generator in: the process of six switching tubes that described controller is controlled described three phase rectifier electric bridge is as follows:
In the three-phase alternating current of permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine output
A is positive maximum mutually, when B bears maximum mutually, allows switching tube V3 and V4 do simultaneously PWM control, and other switching tubes turn-off;
A is positive maximum mutually, and C allows switching tube V4 and V5 do simultaneously PWM control when bearing maximum mutually, and other switching tubes turn-off;
B is positive maximum mutually, and C allows switching tube V5 and V6 do simultaneously PWM control when bearing maximum mutually, and other switching tubes turn-off;
B is positive maximum mutually, and A allows switching tube V6 and V1 do simultaneously PWM control when bearing maximum mutually, and other switching tubes turn-off;
C is positive maximum mutually, and A allows switching tube V1 and V2 do simultaneously PWM control when bearing maximum mutually, and other switching tubes turn-off;
C is positive maximum mutually, and B allows switching tube V2 and V3 do simultaneously PWM control when bearing maximum mutually, and other switching tubes turn-off.
Further, above-mentioned DC permanent-magnetic brushless rise/power-generating control system of generator in: described load is the charging circuit of storage battery.
Secondly, the application also provides a kind of and rises/control method of the power-generating control system of generator according to above-mentioned DC permanent-magnetic brushless, is controlled by dsp controller, may further comprise the steps;
Step 1, acquisition reference voltage (U
Ref) and output voltage (U
Dc) step;
Step 2, with reference to voltage (U
Ref) and output voltage (U
Dc) relatively step;
Step 3, with reference to voltage (U
Ref) and output voltage (U
Dc) relatively result carries out first time PI and regulate and control generating reference electric current (I
Ref) step;
Step 4, with reference to electric current (I
Ref) and output current (I
Dc) compare step;
Step 5, with reference to electric current (I
Ref) and output current (I
Dc) compare the result and carry out for the second time that PI regulates the step that control generates duty ratio;
Step 6, utilize duty ratio to form the step of pwm signal;
Step 7, according to the motor position signal situation pwm signal is outputed to the step of the switching tube of control three phase rectifier electric bridge.
Further, in the above-mentioned control method: in the described step 7, the switching tube of control three phase rectifier electric bridge comprises following mode:
In the three-phase alternating current of permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine output
A is positive maximum mutually, when B bears maximum mutually, allows switching tube V3 and V4 do simultaneously PWM control, and other switching tubes turn-off;
A is positive maximum mutually, and C allows switching tube V4 and V5 do simultaneously PWM control when bearing maximum mutually, and other switching tubes turn-off;
B is positive maximum mutually, and C allows switching tube V5 and V6 do simultaneously PWM control when bearing maximum mutually, and other switching tubes turn-off;
B is positive maximum mutually, and A allows switching tube V6 and V1 do simultaneously PWM control when bearing maximum mutually, and other switching tubes turn-off;
C is positive maximum mutually, and A allows switching tube V1 and V2 do simultaneously PWM control when bearing maximum mutually, and other switching tubes turn-off;
C is positive maximum mutually, and B allows switching tube V2 and V3 do simultaneously PWM control when bearing maximum mutually, and other switching tubes turn-off.
The present invention can directly utilize original hardware condition, need not hardware circuit is changed, and does not need extra input, can realize reversible operation; Adopt in twos conduction mode, do not need additionally to increase Dead Time, in order to control the non-brush permanent-magnet DC motor generating, produce mains ripple little, only need very little filtering just can obtain very stable Voltage-output; Realize simple and reliable.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 DC permanent-magnetic brushless of the present invention rises/generator power generation system structure figure.
Fig. 2 DC permanent-magnetic brushless of the present invention rises/generator generating main circuit diagram.
Fig. 3 DC permanent-magnetic brushless of the present invention rises/the two loop control theory figure of generator electricity generation system.
Fig. 4 DC permanent-magnetic brushless of the present invention rises/generator electricity generation system power switch pipe control signal.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: as shown in Figure 1, the invention provides in a kind of hybrid vehicle, power-generating control system as the permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine of actuating motor and generator, the permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine supply load that generates electricity under external force drives comprises three phase rectifier electric bridge, output voltage detecting circuit, output current detection circuit, dsp controller and Hall element; As shown in Figure 1,
The three phase rectifier electric bridge is arranged on the permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine three-phase output end, the output termination load of described three phase rectifier electric bridge; The three phase rectifier electric bridge comprises six switching tube V1, V2, V3, V4, V5 and V6 as shown in Figure 2 in the present embodiment.
Wherein: V1 be arranged on that permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine a exports mutually and the output anode of three phase rectifier electric bridge between, V4 be arranged on that permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine a exports mutually and the output cathode of three phase rectifier electric bridge between;
V3 be arranged on that permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine b exports mutually and the output anode of three phase rectifier electric bridge between, V6 be arranged on that permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine b exports mutually and the output cathode of three phase rectifier electric bridge between;
V5 be arranged on that permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine c exports mutually and the output anode of three phase rectifier electric bridge between, V2 be arranged on that permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine c exports mutually and the output cathode of three phase rectifier electric bridge between;
In addition, between the output cathode of three phase rectifier electric bridge and anode, be provided with filter capacitor Co.
The output voltage detecting circuit of the present embodiment and output current detection circuit are arranged on the output of three phase rectifier electric bridge, measure the output current U of motor
DcWith output voltage I
DcAnd with output current U
DcWith output voltage I
DcBe input in the dsp controller.
Hall element is arranged on the described permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine, and the position signalling that produces is sent in the described dsp controller; Generally be three Hall elements, the angle position that produces respectively three-phase.The pwm signal that dsp controller utilizes position signalling, output current and voltage signal to produce the described three phase rectifier electric bridge of control connects the three phase rectifier electric bridge.
In the present embodiment, dsp controller comprises basic I/O module, the first comparator, the first pi regulator, the second comparator, the second pi regulator and PWM generation module;
Basic I/O module input reference voltage U
Ref
The input of the first comparator accesses respectively reference voltage U
RefThe output voltage U that detects with output voltage detecting circuit
Dc, output termination first pi regulator of the first comparator, the output generating reference electric current I of the first pi regulator
Ref
The input of the second comparator accesses respectively reference current I
RefThe output current I that detects with output current detection circuit
Dc, the second comparator output terminal connects the second pi regulator, and the second pi regulator produces duty cycle signals and is input to the PWM generation module;
The PWM generation module generates pwm signal according to the position signalling that Hall element produces, and connects respectively the grid by six switching tubes of following order three phase rectifier electric bridge:
In the three-phase alternating current of permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine output
A is positive maximum mutually, when B bears maximum mutually, allows switching tube V3 and V4 do simultaneously PWM control, and other switching tubes turn-off;
A is positive maximum mutually, and C allows switching tube V4 and V5 do simultaneously PWM control when bearing maximum mutually, and other switching tubes turn-off;
B is positive maximum mutually, and C allows switching tube V5 and V6 do simultaneously PWM control when bearing maximum mutually, and other switching tubes turn-off;
B is positive maximum mutually, and A allows switching tube V6 and V1 do simultaneously PWM control when bearing maximum mutually, and other switching tubes turn-off;
C is positive maximum mutually, and A allows switching tube V1 and V2 do simultaneously PWM control when bearing maximum mutually, and other switching tubes turn-off;
C is positive maximum mutually, and B allows switching tube V2 and V3 do simultaneously PWM control when bearing maximum mutually, and other switching tubes turn-off.
In addition, the load of the present embodiment generally refers to the charging circuit of storage battery, also can be other electrical equipment on the car.
In hybrid vehicle, permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine is under the control of the HCU of hybrid power control centre, and dsp controller is finished Generation Control, control procedure as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4:
May further comprise the steps;
Step 1, acquisition reference voltage (U
Ref) and output voltage (U
Dc) step;
Step 2, with reference to voltage (U
Ref) and output voltage (U
Dc) relatively step;
Step 3, with reference to voltage (U
Ref) and output voltage (U
Dc) relatively result carries out first time PI and regulate and control generating reference electric current (I
Ref) step;
Step 4, with reference to electric current (I
Ref) and output current (I
Dc) compare step;
Step 5, with reference to electric current (I
Ref) and output current (I
Dc) compare the result and carry out for the second time that PI regulates the step that control generates duty ratio;
Step 6, utilize duty ratio to form the step of pwm signal;
Step 7, according to the motor position signal situation pwm signal is outputed to the step of the switching tube of control three phase rectifier electric bridge.
Wherein in the step 7, the switching tube of control three phase rectifier electric bridge comprises following mode:
In the three-phase alternating current of permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine output
A is positive maximum mutually, when B bears maximum mutually, allows switching tube V3 and V4 do simultaneously PWM control, and other switching tubes turn-off;
A is positive maximum mutually, and C allows switching tube V4 and V5 do simultaneously PWM control when bearing maximum mutually, and other switching tubes turn-off;
B is positive maximum mutually, and C allows switching tube V5 and V6 do simultaneously PWM control when bearing maximum mutually, and other switching tubes turn-off;
B is positive maximum mutually, and A allows switching tube V6 and V1 do simultaneously PWM control when bearing maximum mutually, and other switching tubes turn-off;
C is positive maximum mutually, and A allows switching tube V1 and V2 do simultaneously PWM control when bearing maximum mutually, and other switching tubes turn-off;
C is positive maximum mutually, and B allows switching tube V2 and V3 do simultaneously PWM control when bearing maximum mutually, and other switching tubes turn-off.
The DC permanent-magnetic brushless of the present embodiment rises/structure chart of generator electricity generation system as shown in Figure 1, system is comprised of several parts such as permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine, three-phase commutation bridge, output electric current measure, output voltage detection, dsp controller and loads as seen from the figure.Permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine induced inside under the dragging of prime mover goes out three-phase alternating current electromotive force U
Abc, three-phase alternating current electromotive force U
AbcBe rectified into the direct current supply load through three-phase commutation bridge.Load can be charging circuit or other car electrics of storage battery, and output voltage detection and output current detection circuit detect voltage and the electric current of output and give dsp controller, detect simultaneously the hall sensor signal H of permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine
AbcSend into dsp controller, dsp controller is according to output voltage U
Dc, output current I
DcAnd hall sensor signal H
AbcProduce corresponding 6 road pwm control signals, the control three-phase commutation bridge is whole to go out required direct current supply load.
Three-phase commutation bridge is the three-phase bridge circuit that is made of six switching tubes among Fig. 1, and this three-phase bridge circuit both can be used as inverter circuit, also can be used as rectification circuit.Be illustrated in figure 2 as the DC permanent-magnetic brushless that is formed by three-phase bridge circuit to rise/generator generating main circuit diagram.
Figure 3 shows that DC permanent-magnetic brushless rises/generator electricity generation system control principle drawing, this is a two closed-loop control, and interior ring is electric current loop, and outer shroud is Voltage loop.The systematic sampling output voltage U
Dc, then with given reference voltage U
RefRelatively obtain a difference, draw reference current I through first pi regulator
RefSystem detects output current I again
Dc, with the reference current I that adjusts
RefRelatively, deliver to the PWM generation module through duty ratio of second pi regulator production, the PWM generation module is according to the position signalling H of this duty ratio and permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine
AbcGenerate six road pwm control signals, drive six switching tube work of three-phase commutation bridge.
Six road PWM drive control signal as shown in Figure 4.Working method: positive maximum mutually as the three-phase alternating current A of motor output, when B bears maximum mutually, allow switching tube V3 and V4 do simultaneously PWM control, other switching tubes turn-off; And A is positive maximum mutually, and C allows switching tube V4 and V5 do simultaneously PWM control when bearing maximum mutually, and other switching tubes turn-off; Other situations by that analogy, the conducting that can draw switching tube sequentially is V1V2-V2V3-V3V4-V4V5-V5V6-V6V1.Under this kind working method, only have simultaneously two switching tubes to do PWM control, the duty ratio that can regulate this pwm control signal according to the current/voltage of output is in order to obtain desirable output.
The present embodiment has proposed a kind of Novel Control on the basis of permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine control, the demand for control when solving the permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine generator operation.
The control mode of permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine power-generating control system is to adopt the Double closed-loop of voltage and current mode, and PWM control is done in the in twos conducting of control three-phase commutation bridge simultaneously.Adopt control method of the present invention that permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine is generated electricity and control, following advantage is arranged:
(1) this control mode can directly be utilized original hardware condition, need not hardware circuit is changed, and does not need extra input, can realize reversible operation.
(2) this control mode adopts in twos conduction mode, and this control mode does not need additionally to increase Dead Time, in order to control the non-brush permanent-magnet DC motor generating, produces mains ripple little, only needs very little filtering just can obtain very stable Voltage-output.
(3) this control mode and electric operation control mode are similar, realize simple and reliable.