CN114303933B - Mechanical pollination method for konjac - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a mechanical pollination method of konjak, which comprises the following steps: 1) Collecting fresh konjac pollen; (2) mechanical spray pollination: uniformly mixing xanthan gum and pollen, pouring the pollen germination nutrient solution into the pollen mixture, uniformly mixing, and pollinating by a mechanical spraying mode; or mechanical powder spraying pollination: mixing the solid dispersant and pollen according to a certain proportion, and pollinating by a pollination machine; (3) After pollination, the stigmas are subjected to mildew-proof treatment by using lime powder or a preservative; and (4) comprehensive disease prevention treatment is carried out on the konjac in the whole growth period after pollination. The method successfully realizes the mechanized pollination of konjak seed production, upgrades the operation mode of artificial pollination of konjak, improves the pollination efficiency, and overcomes the defects of high labor intensity, low pollination efficiency, unstable pollination quality and the like of artificial pollination.

Description

Mechanical pollination method for konjac

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cross pollination, and particularly relates to a mechanical pollination method for konjak.

Background

Konjak is a special economic crop of Araceae (Araceae) konjak (Amorphophallus Blume), the corm of the konjak is rich in Konjak Glucose Mannan (KGM), the KGM has more than 40 physical and chemical properties of gel, thickening, water retention and the like, is widely applied to the fields of health food, leisure food, medicine capsules, national medicine, oil drilling and the like, and has extremely high economic value. For a long time, konjak depends on nutrient propagation and propagation, so that the problems of serious soft rot disease, degeneration of seed properties, sharp reduction of yield, rapid increase of planting risk and the like are caused, sexual propagation is an effective way for overcoming the problems, the upgrading and updating of improved varieties can be promoted, and the continuous stable healthy development of industry can be protected. In 1985-1998, the professor group of Liu Paiying, the southwest university of agriculture (now the southwest university) has taken the lead to the development of konjak sexual hybridization work, and theoretically has clarified the principle and basic operation flow of hybridization breeding, and has laid the foundation for the practice of konjak hybridization breeding. In 1991, liu Ke Yi et al further reported the hybridization technique of konjak. In 2015, the first new hybrid variety of 'Ejiao konjak No. 1' in China was obtained by the Rooibos team of the Enshi academy of agricultural sciences, yangxianzhu, who utilized konjak x white konjak hybridization. So far, the konjak hybrid pollination technology and the variety breeding thought are basically formed.

At the present stage, no matter crossbreeding or crossbreeding, the pollination work is completely dependent on manpower. Although the invention patent of 'a konjak crossbreeding technology by utilizing insect pollination' (ZL 201310408528.8) and the invention application of 'a method for producing konjak hybrid seedling seeds by utilizing pollination insects' (CN 201510711687.4) both propose methods by utilizing pollination of pollination insects, the technology cannot be popularized and applied due to the problems that insect pollination is unstable, the activity and pollination effect of pollen are influenced by overcast and rainy days or extremely low-temperature weather, the morbidity of the later period of insect pollination is high, and the like. Thus, artificial pollination remains the only established and accepted technique for konjac as a specialty crop. The invention discloses a method for improving pollination seed setting rate of amorphophallus konjac (CN 201810769517.5), and provides an artificial pollination technology which is improved from the aspects of collection amount, purity and activity of amorphophallus konjac pollen, flowering asynchronism and seed setting rate of amorphophallus konjac and the like. The invention discloses a method for producing konjak sexual seeds by using an artificial pollination technology (CN 201810937906.4), which perfects the artificial pollination technology again from the aspects of wound disinfection and disease prevention, rain sheltering and shading during growth to improve seed setting rate and seed plumpness, drying in the shade and maturing after harvesting to improve seed maturity and the like. In summary, the cross pollination technique of konjak is only artificial pollination. However, the problems of large labor intensity, untimely pollination caused by over-concentrated flowering phase, missed brushing caused by over-small and over-dense stigmas, stigma damage caused by over-vigorous brush operation, low efficiency and the like exist in artificial pollination, and the problems are amplified in a large scale and become particularly prominent in hybrid seed production. The practical experience of the Yichang Yangzhong Qinggang lawn hybrid seed production base in 2014-2016 shows that the disease damage rate of the artificial pollination of the amorphophallus konjac is as high as more than 20 percent, the group maturing rate is only 40-70 percent, the powder leakage rate is 4.2 percent, the cost of the manual pollination is high, the maturing is unstable, and the effect is poor.

The mechanical pollination has the advantages of saving pollen, high efficiency, high seed setting rate and the like, is divided into 2 modes of mechanical solid powder spraying and mechanical liquid spraying, and can improve the work efficiency by more than 10 times compared with the traditional artificial pollination method. The tobacco, pear, apple, willow, bamboo, olive, amomum villosum, kiwi fruit, grosvenor momordica fruit, coconut, oil peony and other plants are all subjected to mechanical pollination in domestic and abroad literature reports, and the pollination technology has many cases of successful application in pear, apple, kiwi fruit and other bulk crops, so that the mechanical pollination is a light, simple, energy-saving and efficient pollination technology with wide prospect. Unfortunately, under the influence of inherent thinking such as aerodynamics, the existing mechanical pollination is widely researched and applied to wind-borne plants, but the insect-borne plant konjak is not reported. The wind-borne plant pollen is characterized by lightness, is easy to spread by means of wind jet and wind drift, and is extremely easy to realize mechanical pollination. The polar axis length (P) and the equatorial axis length (E) of pear, apple and kiwi pollen are respectively 37.46-44.44 μm and 18.78-22.41 μm, 43.23-43.27 μm and 22.23-22.26 μm, 18.9-32.8 μm and 9.9-15.4 μm, and the pollen is generally in a long sphere shape or a super long sphere shape, however, the konjak pollen as the insect-borne flower has the characteristics of heavy mass, high viscosity, difficult dispersion and the like, is not suitable for mechanical pollination, the polar axis length (P) and the equatorial axis length (E) of the pollen of amorphophallus konjac, nansnake stick, amorphophallus konjac, bulbifer konjac and amorphophallus verrucosa are 43.0 mu m and 39.3 mu m, 55.3 mu m and 44.5 mu m, 53.0 mu m and 40.9 mu m, 49.8 mu m and 35.2 mu m, 55.4 mu m and 37.4 mu m, 69.07-109.18 mu m and 48.99-98.21 mu m, 67.80-74.72 mu m and 62.17-71.56 mu m respectively, and the pollen is generally long spherical or nearly spherical. According to the data reported in the publications, the volume of the pollen of the konjak plants is respectively 7 times, 7 times and 28 times larger than that of the pollen of the pears, the apples and the kiwifruits, so that the insect-borne pollen of the konjak plants is far more than that of the air-borne pollen of the pears, the apples, the kiwifruits and the like, the konjak pollen is still blown by a common market universal solid powder spraying machine, and the problems of uneven pollen dispersion, easy pollen sinking, easy pollen swelling and the like exist when the common liquid spraying method is applied to the konjak.

The existing solid pollination technology is reported on plants such as tobacco, coconut, peony for oil, grosvenor momordica fruit, and the like, wherein the invention applies for a coconut powder spraying hybrid seed production method (CN 200910003957.0), an oil peony mechanical powder spraying method (CN 201711433187.4) and an grosvenor momordica fruit powder spraying pollination method and a pollen preparation method (CN 20191004075.1) and reports that pollen can be uniformly mixed with solid medium talcum powder, starch, flour, corn flour, lycopodium spore powder and the like and then is sprayed and pollinated, and in literatures of researchers such as Mashanguang, dunheng, and the like, the effect of mixed pollination of the pollen and soluble starch is good, and in Ganjin, the scheme of mixed pollination of the pollen and the flour is good is reported. In general, soluble starch is widely accepted as a pollen dispersing agent, but when the female inflorescence of the konjak is mature, the stigma of the konjak secretes extremely rich mucus, the mucus contains a large amount of nutrient substances, the pollen with rich nutrition is attached after pollination, and the stigma is extremely easy to mildew and rot in rainy days, so that the first difficulty that the pollination of the konjak can successfully harvest the seedling seeds lies in later-stage mildew-proof treatment; secondly, the form of the amorphophallus konjac scion inflorescence is also different from that of other mechanically pollinated flowers, and the reported mechanically pollinated plants have trumpet-shaped single flowers and are convenient for directional spraying of pollen, however, the amorphophallus konjac female inflorescence is cylindrical divergence type, so that hundreds of female flower stigmas can be sprayed to pollen, and the angle and the frequency of mechanical powder spraying are also different from those of other crops; finally, after the konjac is pollinated, the growth of the seedling seeds mainly depends on underground nutritional tubers, however, the tubers usually have serious disease accumulation, the occurrence probability of diseases such as soft rot and the like is extremely high in 120-150 days of the seed growth, and the seeds are extremely easy to early die, so that the later disease prevention is very important in the mechanical pollination of the konjac. Therefore, the existing solid powder spraying technology is referred to and improved to be in accordance with the growth and development rule of the konjak, and the method is a necessary requirement under the refined development of the industry.

The existing liquid spray pollination technology has been reported intensively on ginkgo, peach, pear tree, apple, kiwi fruit, dragon fruit and tobacco, but has not been applied to the pollination of konjak. Firstly, the concentration of the existing dispersing agent can never meet the requirement of the konjac which is an insect-borne crop. Secondly, the existing dispersing agent has more preparation processes and long preparation time, and the application of the dispersing agent in the practical production of konjak pollination is seriously influenced.

In view of the problems of large labor intensity of artificial pollination, untimely pollination caused by highly concentrated florescence of the konjak, large size, heavy weight and high viscosity of konjak pollen, easy swelling and easy precipitation of liquid pollination pollen and the like, the research and the application of a special mechanical pollination technology for the konjak are urgent.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a mechanical pollination method for konjak, which overcomes the defects of high labor intensity, low pollination efficiency, unstable pollination quality and the like of artificial pollination.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for mechanically pollinating konjak comprises the following steps:

(1) Collecting fresh konjac pollen;

(2) And (3) mechanical spray pollination: uniformly mixing xanthan gum and pollen to obtain a pollen mixture, pouring pollen germination nutrient solution into the pollen mixture, pollinating the uniformly mixed solution in a mechanical spraying manner, wherein the concentration of the xanthan gum in the mixed solution is 0.09-0.18% (preferably 0.18% in a field by mass ratio);

or mechanically spraying powder for pollination: mixing the solid dispersant with pollen according to the ratio of 5-10:1, mixing the components in a mass ratio, wherein the solid dispersant is one or more of starch, hydrated lime and talcum powder, and pollinating by a pollination machine;

(3) And (3) performing mildew-proof treatment on stigmas after pollination: 1-3 days after pollination, spraying lime powder or sodium benzoate solution (0.15% -0.3%) on stigma for antisepsis;

(4) Disease prevention treatment: firstly, konjak wounds are treated by quicklime or a wound healing agent to prevent germ infection; secondly, planting the konjac in a greenhouse with an insect-proof net, and hanging a mosquito-fly sticking yellow board in the greenhouse to prevent mosquitoes, flies, and the like from spreading germs; thirdly, timely cleaning the scape and corm of the diseased konjak and cutting off the infection source; fourthly, controlling the air humidity and the greenhouse temperature of the greenhouse after pollination, wherein the air humidity is controlled to be 40-80%, and the temperature is controlled to be below 35 ℃.

Further, the specific method for mechanical spray pollination in the step (2) is as follows: mechanically spraying and pollinating by a spraying pot or a pressure type spray gun, wherein the concentration of pollen in the spraying mixed solution is 0.28-0.56% (the "%" means mass percent), the distance between a nozzle and a female inflorescence is 3-8cm, and each plant is sprayed for 3-6 times around the female inflorescence.

Further, the specific method for mechanically spraying powder and pollinating in the step (2) is as follows: spraying 5-20 times of powder along the periphery of the female inflorescence at a distance of 3-5cm away from the female inflorescence, supplementing 2-5 times of powder for ensuring the setting rate, and controlling the environmental temperature to be lower than 33 ℃ during powder spraying.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

the invention provides a konjak mechanical pollination method, which comprises 3 key technologies: firstly, dispersing pollen by utilizing a unique mode of solid-solid mixing and synchronous mixing of a dispersing agent and the pollen; secondly, the concentration of the dispersing agent is greatly improved according to the characteristics of the konjak entomogenous flower, and pollen is evenly suspended and then is mechanically sprayed for pollination; finally, the pollen is dispersed by using the solid medium, so that the beneficial effect of spraying three excellent products can be brought. The method adopts 6 steps of pollen collection → pollen turnover storage → pollen suspension or dispersion medium preparation → mechanical pollination → mildew prevention treatment → disease prevention treatment, not only improves the high-activity pollen collection before pollination, but also utilizes the mechanical pollination to efficiently treat the operation in pollination, gives consideration to the disease damage rate of plants after pollination more systematically, and obviously improves the group harvest rate after pollination through the whole process control. The method successfully realizes the mechanized pollination of konjak seed production, upgrades the low-version operation mode of konjak artificial pollination, improves the pollination efficiency by 4.2-10.9 times, overcomes the defects of high labor intensity, low pollination efficiency, unstable pollination quality and the like of artificial pollination, and can bring revolutionary progress of the konjak pollination mode. Specifically, the present invention has the following advantages:

1) The unique operation mode of synchronously mixing and dissolving the dispersing agent and the konjac pollen is adopted, so that the pollen dispersing efficiency is improved. The conventional preparation method of the pollen pollination suspension comprises the steps of adding a dispersing agent into a solution, stirring and dissolving at normal temperature or under heating, standing or standing in cooling, adding nutrients (mainly comprising energy element sugars, boric acid, calcium nitrate and other inorganic salt components) for promoting pollen germination, continuously stirring and dissolving uniformly, adding konjac pollen, and stirring and dispersing uniformly again. The invention firstly mixes the dispersant and the konjac pollen solid, then adds the mixture into the pollen germination nutrient solution prepared in advance at normal temperature, and finally vigorously oscillates and quickly mixes the mixture. The operation method has the advantages of more uniform dispersion of konjac pollen, higher pollination group setting rate and obviously improved yield of hybrid seedling seeds.

2) Greatly improves the concentration of the dispersing agent and prevents the konjac pollen from sinking or dispersing unevenly. For example, the concentration of the xanthan gum in the invention is 0.18%, which is significantly higher than 0.04-0.06% reported in the existing literature.

3) The solid dispersion pollen is sprayed with three excellent products. The konjac pollen is dispersed by using media such as dried starch and the like, the first quality is better, and the konjac pollen is dried by using the dried dispersion media, so that the konjac pollen can be prevented from being wet, sticky and inactivated; secondly, the pollen is saved, and the medium is utilized to dilute and disperse the pollen, so that the pollen is saved; the third best is that the powder spraying operation is better, and the efficiency of solid powder spraying can be effectively smooth by using the dispersion medium with light texture, so that the pollen is prevented from being adhered or blocking the spray head.

Drawings

Fig. 1 shows the influence of different dispersants on the dispersing effect of konjac # 1 pollen in example 1, wherein xanthan gum, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and guar gum are sequentially arranged from left to right.

FIG. 2 shows the effect of 0.18% xanthan gum on dispersing different concentrations of Amorphophallus konjac No. 1 pollen.

FIG. 3 shows the microscopic count of 0.18% xanthan gum dispersed konjac No. 1 pollen.

FIG. 4 shows the development of No. 1 cluster of Amorphophallus konjac and Amorphophallus japonicas in the initial stage of mechanical spray pollination.

FIG. 5 shows the development of No. 1 cluster of Amorphophallus konjac and Amorphophallus japonicas in the swelling period after mechanical spray pollination to turn green.

Fig. 6 shows the cluster development of the konjac Hubei No. 1 population in the 2021 mechanical powder spraying pollination greening expanding period.

FIG. 7 shows cluster development of Amorphophallus hubeiensis No. 1 population at the red-turning stage of mechanical powder-spraying pollination in 2020.

Detailed Description

The following examples further illustrate the invention but are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Modifications or substitutions to methods, procedures, or conditions of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Example 1: mechanical spray pollination method for konjak

1) Collection of dried high-activity konjac pollen

Respectively cutting the male inflorescence of the Amorphophallus konjac No. 1 or Amorphophallus konjac and the scion inflorescence of the part of the accessory, wherein the part of the male inflorescence connected with the female inflorescence is reserved with 1cm of male inflorescence, and the cut state is that the accessory emits odor, the female inflorescence is mature, and the male inflorescence can shed pollen within 1-3 days. The utility model discloses a "portable konjaku pollen collection system" (patent number: ZL 2019 0181075.2) (refer to "example" in this patent embodiment specifically) of utility model patent urges whitewashed, cuts off more than 90% annex ware and puts into and urge whitewashed device and urge whitewashed, urge whitewashed temperature 23 ℃ +/-3 ℃. Collecting fresh pollen after pollen scattering of the male inflorescence.

2) Turnover storage of konjak pollen

The collected fresh pollen is filled into a sealed bottle with 1/5 (V/V) silica gel, and then stored at-18 deg.C. When pollination is needed, the pollen is prepared, before the pollen is used, an in-vitro germination method (reference document: liu Er xi, chazhou Yu, huzhou neutral, influence of temperature on the pollen function and self-pollination fructification of konjak [ J ]. Chinese agronomy report 2020,36 (32): 55-61, the same below) is utilized to detect the pollen activity, the germination rate is higher than 20% and the pollen can be used after the germination rate is increased by 2-5 times when the germination rate is 5-20%.

3) Preparation of pollen mixed nutrient solution for pollination

The variety screening, concentration screening and pollen dispersing effects of the pollen liquid dispersing agent are shown in table 1, and the specific operation is as follows: clear water is used as a reference, guar gum, xanthan gum and sodium carboxymethylcellulose are used as screening objects, the average value of the number of the single-view pollen under 6 microscopes is randomly selected to evaluate the capability of dispersing the pollen, and the suspension is stood for 15 hours to observe whether the suspension is layered or not to evaluate the stability of the suspension.

Firstly, preparing a standby pollen germination nutrient solution according to the standard that 10g of sucrose, 50mg of boric acid and 100mg of calcium nitrate are added into every 500mL of pure water; then, guar gum, food-grade xanthan gum, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and konjac No. 1 pollen in different proportions are uniformly mixed; and finally, pouring the pollen mixture into a mineral water bottle of the pollen germination nutrient solution at one time, screwing down the bottle cap, forcibly shaking for 1-3min to obtain the special pollen suspension nutrient solution, and preparing for use. The test results show that, as shown in table 1 and fig. 1, when the pollen concentration in the pollen suspension nutrient solution is 0.03%, the clear water used as the control has the worst pollen dispersing effect, the pollen is quickly settled after the solution is stood, the xanthan gum has the best pollen dispersing effect, the number of the dispersed pollen is increased along with the increase of the concentration, the dispersed pollen is uniformly suspended in the whole solution, the pollen is not layered after standing, the number of the dispersed pollen is not obviously increased along with the increase of the concentration of guar gum and hydroxymethyl cellulose sodium, and the pollen is easy to settle at the bottom of the solution after the pollen is stood, so the guar gum and the hydroxymethyl cellulose are not suitable for dispersing the pollen of konjak. As shown in table 1 and fig. 2 and 3, after the pollen concentration is further increased to 0.28% and 0.56% in the laboratory, when the xanthan gum concentration is 0.18%, the number of pollen in a single field of a microscope is 139 ± 50 and 236 ± 106 respectively, the increase of the ability of dispersing pollen by the high-concentration xanthan gum is slowed down, and the 0.18% xanthan gum is finally determined to be the optimal concentration for field application by combining the result of field pollination application, so that the maturing rate is ensured, and the raw materials are saved.

Mixing xanthan gum with Amorphophallus konjac 1 or Amorphophallus konjac, respectively, pouring the pollen germination nutrient solution into the pollen mixture, wherein the mixed solution contains pollen 0.28% and xanthan gum 0.18%.

TABLE 1 Effect of different dispersants on the dispersing effect and stability of Amorphophallus konjac No. 1 pollen

Note: the xanthan gum concentration was 0.18% at pollen concentrations of 0.28% and 0.56%.

4) Mechanized spray pollination

Selecting the konjac inflorescence of the konjac No. 1 or the female flower maturation stage of the konjac, and manually cutting off the spathes by a sharp knife. Mechanical spraying pollination, ensuring even liquid spraying and hanging suspension on each stigma, and repeatedly spraying for 2-3 times to improve the seed setting rate, wherein the time interval of each spraying is 0.5-2h. The spraying tool can be a common spray can or a pressure type spray gun. The nozzle of the spraying tool is 3-8cm away from the female inflorescence, and each plant is sprayed for 3-6 times around the female inflorescence according to the size of the pollinated plant.

5) Mildew-proof treatment for stigmas after pollination

Spraying dry lime powder to the column heads for antisepsis 1-3 days after spray pollination, wherein all column heads need to be sprayed, and the lime powder is sprayed until the column heads are white.

6) Disease prevention treatment of konjac after pollination

The disease is controlled by adopting the following method, firstly, the wound is treated by quicklime in time to prevent germ infection; secondly, the konjac seeds are planted in the greenhouse with the insect-proof net, and meanwhile, the mosquito-fly sticking yellow board is hung in the greenhouse, so that mosquitoes, flies and other mosquitoes and flies are prevented from spreading germs; thirdly, timely cleaning the stems of flowers and bulbs of konjak with soft rot and southern blight and cutting off the infection source; and fourthly, properly controlling the air humidity and the greenhouse temperature of the greenhouse after pollination, wherein the air humidity is 40-80%, the greenhouse temperature is not more than 35 ℃, and reducing the diseases by using 3 measures of reducing watering times, cooling by using a sunshade net and exhausting by using a fan.

The cluster development of amorphophallus konjac and amorphophallus konjac 1 at the initial stage of mechanical spray pollination and the turning-green expansion stage is shown in figures 4 and 5, by adopting the technical scheme, the survival rate of the amorphophallus konjac mechanically pollinated group fructification reaches 100%, the fructification rates of the amorphophallus konjac 1 or amorphophallus konjac are respectively 70.16% +/-9.18% and 75.16% +/-8.16%, the disease damage rate of the amorphophallus konjac 1 group is lower than 10%, and the disease damage rate of the amorphophallus konjac group is higher than 20%. (colony fructification survival rate = number of fructification survivors/number of pollinating plants 100%; colony fructification rate = number of fruiting ovaries per plant/total number of ovaries per plant 100%; colony lesion rate = number of diseased plants after pollination/total number of colonies 100% at pollination).

Example 2: mechanical powder spraying and pollination method for konjak

1) Collection of dried high-activity konjac pollen

Cutting the tassel inflorescence of the part of the konjac 1 and the accessory, wherein the part of the tassel inflorescence connected with the female inflorescence is reserved with 1cm of the tassel, and the cut state is that the accessory emits odor, the female inflorescence is mature and the tassel can loose powder within 1-3 days. The powder is accelerated by utilizing a temperature-controlled illumination incubator commonly used in a laboratory, more than 90 percent of accessories are cut off and then put into a powder accelerating device for accelerating the powder, and the powder accelerating temperature is 23 +/-3 ℃. Collecting fresh pollen after pollen scattering of the male inflorescence.

2) Turnover storage of konjak pollen

The collected fresh pollen was filled in a sealed bottle with 1/5 (V/V) silica gel added, and then stored at a low temperature of-18 ℃. When the pollen germination rate is 5-20%, the pollen amount is increased by 2-5 times.

3) Mixing pollen for pollination with solid dispersant

The solid dispersing agent and fresh pure pollen are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 10.

4) Mechanical powder spraying pollination

Selecting the konjac inflorescence of the konjac No. 1 female flower in the mature stage, and manually cutting off the spathes by a sharp knife. The pollen which is dispersed and mixed evenly is transferred into a commercial electric pollination machine (for example, model J20 (SC-HP-1902), yichuang science and technology), after the Buddha bract is cut off, the pollination machine sprays powder to the female inflorescence, 5 to 20 times of powder is sprayed along the periphery of the female inflorescence at the position which is 3 to 5cm away from the female inflorescence (the specific powder spraying frequency is in proportion to the size of the female inflorescence), the condition that each stigma is white is ensured, and 2 to 5 times of additional spraying is carried out to ensure the maturing rate is ensured. The environmental temperature in the pollination greenhouse during powder spraying is lower than 33 ℃, otherwise, the maturing rate is greatly reduced.

5) Mildew-proof treatment for stigmas after pollination

Spraying sodium benzoate solution (0.3%) on the stigmas after pollination for preservation 1-3 days after pollination, and hanging liquid drops on all the stigmas.

6) Disease prevention treatment of konjac after pollination

The disease is controlled by adopting the following mode, firstly, the wound is treated by a wound healing agent (commercially available, such as a plum blossom maker plant wound healing agent, a Guoguang brand pasting wound healing coating agent and the like) in time to prevent germ from infecting; secondly, the konjac seeds are planted in the greenhouse with the insect-proof net, and meanwhile, the mosquito-fly sticking yellow board is hung in the greenhouse, so that mosquitoes, flies and other mosquitoes and flies are prevented from spreading germs; thirdly, timely cleaning the stems of flowers and bulbs of konjak with soft rot and southern blight and cutting off the infection source; fourthly, controlling the temperature of the greenhouse below 39.5 ℃ after pollination, controlling the air humidity at 20-90%, and reducing the diseases by 3 measures of reducing watering times, cooling by a sunshade net and exhausting by a fan.

The fruit cluster development of the konjac at the turning-green expansion period and the turning-red period after mechanical powder spraying and pollination is shown in figures 6 and 7, by adopting the technical scheme, the group survival rate of the konjac at the mechanical powder spraying and pollination period is 100%, the group maturing rate is more than 83.07% +/-13.59% (the number of sampled fruit clusters n =31, and the sampled variety is konjac 1), and the group damage rate is lower than 10%.

From table 2, the efficiency of the mechanical spray pollination or powder spraying pollination is more than 4.2 times of the artificial pollination efficiency. From table 3, it can be seen that the setting rate of mechanical pollination is significantly higher than that of the artificial pollination by ordinary workers. As can be seen from Table 4, the weight of the mechanical pollination harvested seedling seeds is the highest in terms of solid powder spraying, and the liquid pollination is slightly smaller after the artificial pollination.

TABLE 2 comparison of pollination efficiency for hand pollination, mechanical liquid spray and mechanical powder spray pollination

Note: the artificial pollination takes 120 minutes for 50 plants, the average time of each plant is 2.4min, and the pollination efficiency of mechanical spraying and mechanical powder spraying is 10.9 times and 4.2 times of the artificial pollination respectively.

TABLE 3 comparison of pollination seed set rates for hand and mechanical pollination

Note: hand pollination 1: the artificial pollination is operated by workers, and the actual pollination effect in large-scale seed production in the field is achieved; mechanical pollination: the artificial pollination is operated by workers, and is also the actual pollination effect in large-scale seed production in the field; and (3) manual pollination 2: the breeding technologists operate pollination, the familiarity and the meticulous degree of pollination are higher, and the pollination is an ideal state of hand pollination. "-" is not data collected.

TABLE 4 comparison of seed sizes of Amorphophallus konjac No. 1 seeds with different pollination modes

In the embodiment, the konjak varieties are suitable for 6 konjak flowering germplasm resources such as konjak flowers, konjak Hubei 1, konjak white, konjak of West Union, konjak Yunnan, snake sticks and the like during spray pollination, and the spray pollination effect is better when the spray pollination is applied in sunny days; the powder spraying pollination is suitable for all konjak varieties which need pollination to set seeds, and can be applied in sunny days and rainy days. Mechanical pollination of the konjac is carried out in a rain-sheltering and insect-preventing greenhouse, the mechanical pollination is mainly applied to large-scale hybrid seed production of the konjac, the appropriate scale enlargement is favorable for improving the production efficiency and reducing the production cost, the mechanical spray pollination needs to control the pollen germination nutrient solution to be 50-80 mL, the number of single-pollination plants is controlled to be 3-8, pollination instruments need to be cleaned after the single-pollination, for the mechanical spray pollination, the number of the single-pollination plants is controlled to be 3-6 after 10 times of starch is added and uniformly mixed according to the amount of the pollen of the single plant of the male parent plant, and other conditions and operation steps are the same as those of the embodiment.

The specific embodiments described in this specification are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments, or equivalents may be substituted or rearrangements of the features of the invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (3)

1. A method for mechanically pollinating konjak is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) Collecting fresh konjac pollen;

(2) And (3) mechanical spray pollination: uniformly mixing xanthan gum and pollen to obtain a pollen mixture, pouring the pollen germination nutrient solution into the pollen mixture, and pollinating the uniformly mixed solution in a mechanical spraying manner, wherein the concentration of the xanthan gum in the mixed solution is 0.18%; the pollen germination nutrient solution is prepared by adding 10g of sucrose, 50mg of boric acid and 100mg of calcium nitrate into every 500mL of pure water;

or mechanically spraying powder for pollination: mixing a solid dispersant and pollen according to the mass ratio of 10 to 1, wherein the solid dispersant is one or more of starch, hydrated lime and talcum powder, and pollinating by a pollination machine;

(3) And (3) mildew-proof treatment of stigmas after pollination: 1-3 days after pollination, spraying lime powder or sodium benzoate solution on the stigma to prevent corrosion;

(4) Disease prevention treatment: firstly, konjak wounds are treated by quicklime or a wound healing agent to prevent germ infection; secondly, planting the konjac in a greenhouse with an insect-proof net to prevent mosquitoes and flies and spread germs; thirdly, timely cleaning the scape and the corm of the diseased konjak and cutting off the infection source; fourthly, controlling the air humidity and the greenhouse temperature of the greenhouse after pollination, wherein the air humidity is controlled to be 40-80%, and the temperature is controlled to be below 35 ℃.

2. The method for mechanically pollinating konjac according to claim 1, wherein the specific method for mechanically spraying and pollinating konjac in the step (2) is: mechanically spraying and pollinating with a spray can or pressure type spray gun, wherein the pollen concentration is 0.28-0.56%, the nozzle is 3-8cm away from the female inflorescence, and each plant is sprayed 3-6 times around the female inflorescence.

3. The method for mechanically pollinating konjac according to claim 1, wherein the specific method for mechanically spraying powder and pollinating konjac in the step (2) is to spray powder around a female inflorescence for 5-20 ℃ at a distance of 3-5cm from the female inflorescence, and the environmental temperature is lower than 33 ℃ during powder spraying.

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