CN114302887A - 三环Janus激酶(JAK)抑制剂及其在治疗自身免疫性疾病中的用途 - Google Patents
三环Janus激酶(JAK)抑制剂及其在治疗自身免疫性疾病中的用途 Download PDFInfo
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Images
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- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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Abstract
本发明涉及式(1)或(2)的化合物,其中,R1和R3是嘌呤或嘌呤类似物,并且R2和R4是小官能团。本发明还涉及合成式1或2的化合物的中间体。式1或2的化合物是Janus激酶抑制剂,并且因此用于治疗疾病,特别是自身免疫性疾病、癌症、阿尔茨海默病或用于预防同种异体移植物或异种移植物的排斥。
Description
背景技术
Janus激酶(JAK)家族由四个成员JAK1、JAK2、JAK3和TYK2组成,并且它们通过细胞因子激活的细胞信号传导参与细胞生长、存活、发育和分化。因此,Janus激酶抑制剂具有范围从自身免疫性疾病到癌症再到阿尔茨海默病的广泛应用范围。已知的JAK抑制剂包括托法替尼(Tofacitinib)、迪高替尼(Delgocitinib)、PF-06651600、巴瑞替尼(Baricitinib)、乌帕替尼(Upadacitinib)和非戈替尼(Filgotinib)。
托法替尼是FDA批准的泛JAK(pan-JAK)激酶抑制剂(主要是JAK1和3),用于治疗类风湿性关节炎和溃疡性结肠炎。其针对银屑病关节炎(第3期)、银屑病(第3期)、克罗恩病(第2期)、肾移植(第2期)等进行临床试验。
迪高替尼(JTE-052)是另一种泛JAK激酶抑制剂,一种用于治疗特应性皮炎和慢性手湿疹的第2期化合物。
PF-06651600是一种选择性JAK3抑制剂,目前处于斑秃的第3期和溃疡性结肠炎、克罗恩病、类风湿性关节炎和非节段性白癜风的第2期。
巴瑞替尼是一种获批的JAK1和JAK2抑制剂,用于治疗类风湿性关节炎。
乌帕替尼是一种选择性JAK1抑制剂。其针对类风湿性关节炎(第3期)、克罗恩病(Morbus Crohn)(第2期)、溃疡性结肠炎(第2期)、特应性皮炎(第2期)、银屑病关节炎(第3期)和中轴型脊柱关节炎(axial spondyloarthritis)(第2期)进行临床试验。
非戈替尼也是一种选择性JAK1抑制剂。其处于类风湿性关节炎、克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎的第3期。其还针对小肠CD、瘘管性CD(fistulizing CD)、干燥综合征(syndrome)、强直性脊柱炎、皮肤狼疮、狼疮性肾病(lupus nephropathy)和葡萄膜炎进行第2期研究。
基于上述现有技术,本发明的目的是提供用于提供具有新颖三环骨架的另外JAK抑制剂的手段和方法(图1)。该目的通过本说明书的独立权利要求的主题来实现。
描述
术语和定义
术语Janus激酶涉及通过JAK-STAT途径转导细胞因子介导的信号的非受体酪氨酸激酶。Janus激酶可以缩写为“JAK”。已知有四个JAK家族成员:Janus激酶1(JAK1)、Janus激酶2(JAK2)、Jansu激酶3(JAK3)和酪氨酸激酶2(TYK2)。人Janus激酶1由基因JAK1编码,人Janus激酶2由基因JAK2编码,人Janus激酶3由基因JAK3编码,并且人酪氨酸激酶2由基因TYK2编码。
术语同种异体移植物涉及从供体移植到相同物种的受体的器官、组织或细胞。这样的器官也称为同种异体器官或同种异体移植物,例如同种异体肾。
术语异种移植物涉及从供体移植到不同物种的受体的器官、组织或细胞。
如本文所用,术语治疗(treating或treatment)任何疾病或病患(例如癌症)在一种实施方式中是指减轻疾病或病患(例如减缓或阻止或减少疾病或其至少一种临床症状的发展)。在另一种实施方式中,“治疗”(“treating”或“treatment”)是指缓解或减轻至少一个身体参数,包括患者可能无法辨别的那些。在又另一种实施方式中,“治疗”(“treating”或“treatment”)是指在身体上(例如,可辨别症状的稳定)、生理上(例如,物理参数的稳定)或两者调节疾病或病患。除非本文特别描述,否则用于评估疾病的治疗和/或预防的方法在本领域中通常是已知的。
具体实施方式
本发明的第一方面涉及式1或式2的化合物或其盐,
R1和R3选自
R2和R4选自
z是1、2、3或4,
x和p是1或2,并且
y和q是1或2。
式1或2的化合物是有效的Janus激酶抑制剂,其特征在于三环或多环骨架。该骨架包括在R1或R3处的嘌呤或嘌呤类似物,以及在R2或R4处的小官能团。嘌呤或嘌呤类似物和小官能团可以与Janus激酶相互作用以抑制Janus激酶,其中假定嘌呤或嘌呤类似物与Janus激酶的铰链区结合。特别是与已知的二环JAK抑制剂例如迪高替尼相比,根据本发明的JAK抑制剂例如KMC420在不同的Janus激酶中示出增强的活性和增加的选择性。增强的活性可以特别通过式1的化合物实现,而增加的选择性可以通过式2的化合物实现。
特别是与多环JAK抑制剂(式2)相比,三环JAK抑制剂(式1)更可溶于水。
在某些实施方式中,该化合物是式1的化合物。
在某些实施方式中,z是1或2。
在某些实施方式中,z、x、y、p和q是1。
在某些实施方式中,R1和R3选自
根据本发明的化合物可以如方案2至4(参见“实施例”部分)中所示合成。本发明的第二、第三和第四方面涉及合成根据本发明第一方面的化合物的中间体。
本发明的第二方面涉及式3或4的中间体或其盐,
R5、R6、R7和R8选自
-H,
-在酸性条件下可裂解的保护基团,
-在碱性条件下可裂解的保护基团,
-在还原条件下可裂解的保护基团,
-可氢解裂解的保护基团,
-使用金属催化剂可裂解的保护基团,
z、x、y、p和q如上所述限定。
根据本发明的化合物包括在位置R1(式1)或R3(式2)处的嘌呤或嘌呤类似物以及在位置R2(式1)或R4(式2)处的小官能团。为了允许合成根据本发明的化合物,式3或式4的中间体中的N原子可以被保护。合适的保护基团在酸性条件下可裂解,例如Boc或Ts,在碱性条件下可裂解,例如Fmoc、Ac或Ac-CF3,在还原条件下可裂解,例如Ts,可氢解裂解,例如Bn或Cbz,使用金属催化剂可裂解,例如Alloc或Troc。
在某些实施方式中,R5、R6、R7和R8选自
-H,
z、x、y、p和q如上所述限定。
特别地,正交保护(orthogonal protection)促进了根据式1和2的化合物的合成。正交保护的中间体包括两个可通过彼此不同的反应条件裂解的保护基团。
在某些实施方式中,
-R5和R6二者以及R7和R8二者都是–H,或
-R5和R7之一或R6和R8之一是–H,并且另一个R是保护基团,或
-R5和R7二者以及R6和R8二者都是保护基团,其中R5和R7处保护基团的裂解不同于R6和R8处保护基团的裂解。
在某些实施方式中,
-R5和R7之一或R6和R8之一是–H,并且另一个R是保护基团,或
-R5和R7二者以及R6和R8二者都是保护基团,其中R5和R7处保护基团的裂解不同于R6和R8处保护基团的裂解。
在某些实施方式中,R5和R7二者以及R6和R8二者都是保护基团,其中R5和R7处保护基团的裂解不同于R6和R8处保护基团的裂解。
本发明的第三方面涉及根据式3或4的中间体或其盐,其中
另一个R选自
-H,
-在酸性条件下可裂解的保护基团,特别是Boc、Ts,
-在碱性条件下可裂解的保护基团,特别是Fmoc、Ac、Ac-CF3,
-在还原条件下可裂解的保护基团,特别是Ts,
-可氢解裂解的保护基团,特别是Bn、Cbz,
-使用金属催化剂可裂解的保护基团,特别是Alloc、Troc,
z、x、y、p和q如上所述限定。
如上所述,正交保护策略允许逐步合成在R1或R3处的嘌呤或嘌呤类似物,以及在R2或R4处的小官能团。如果首先附连嘌呤或嘌呤类似物,则获得根据本发明的第三方面的中间体。
在某些实施方式中,R5和R7之一或R6和R8之一选自
另一个R选自
-H,
-在酸性条件下可裂解的保护基团,特别是Boc、Ts,
-在碱性条件下可裂解的保护基团,特别是Fmoc、Ac、Ac-CF3,
-在还原条件下可裂解的保护基团,特别是Ts,
-可氢解裂解的保护基团,特别是Bn、Cbz,
-使用金属催化剂可裂解的保护基团,特别是Alloc、Troc,
z、x、y、p和q如上所述限定。
另一个R选自
-H,
-在酸性条件下可裂解的保护基团,特别是Boc、Ts,
-在碱性条件下可裂解的保护基团,特别是Fmoc、Ac、Ac-CF3,
-在还原条件下可裂解的保护基团,特别是Ts,
-可氢解裂解的保护基团,特别是Bn、Cbz,
-使用金属催化剂可裂解的保护基团,特别是Alloc、Troc,
z、x、y、p和q如上所述限定。
如上所述,正交保护策略允许逐步合成在R1或R3处的嘌呤或嘌呤类似物,以及在R2或R4处的小官能团。如果首先附连小官能团,则获得根据本发明的第四方面的中间体。
在某些实施方式中,R5和R7之一或R6和R8之一选自
另一个R选自
-H,
-在酸性条件下可裂解的保护基团,特别是Boc、Ts,
-在碱性条件下可裂解的保护基团,特别是Fmoc、Ac、Ac-CF3,
-在还原条件下可裂解的保护基团,特别是Ts,
-可氢解裂解的保护基团,特别是Bn、Cbz,
-使用金属催化剂可裂解的保护基团,特别是Alloc、Troc,
z、x、y、p和q如上所述限定。
本发明的第五方面涉及式5或6的中间体,
R9和R10选自
-H,
-在酸性条件下可裂解的保护基团,特别是Boc、Ts,
-在碱性条件下可裂解的保护基团,特别是Fmoc、Ac、Ac-CF3,
-在还原条件下可裂解的保护基团,特别是Ts,
-可氢解裂解的保护基团,特别是Bn、Cbz,
-使用金属催化剂可裂解的保护基团,特别是Alloc、Troc,
z、y和q如上所述限定。
在本发明的第一、第二、第三、第四或第五方面的某些实施方式中,该化合物或该中间体是对映异构体。
本文公开的化合物和中间体包括一个或多个手性C原子。因此,化合物和中间体可以作为外消旋体获得。通过使用仅一种对映异构体可以增加对Janus激酶的活性和选择性。
根据本发明的第六方面,提供了根据本发明的第一方面的化合物,该化合物用于治疗疾病的用途。
如表1所示(参见“实施例”部分),根据本发明的化合物抑制JAK家族的所有四个成员,特别是JAK1。多种疾病与JAK家族的激酶的活性有关。
JAK与细胞因子受体有关。在配体与细胞因子受体结合后,JAK家族的激酶被磷酸化激活。磷酸化的JAK使JAK-STAT信号传导途径下游的STAT蛋白磷酸化。磷酸化的STAT蛋白在细胞核中充当转录因子。JAK-STAT信号传导途径与细胞因子、干扰素或白介素的表达有关。因此,特别是涉及细胞因子、干扰素或白介素的疾病(例如自身免疫性疾病)可以通过抑制JAK来治疗。
在本发明的第六方面的某些实施方式中,使用对映异构体或外消旋体,特别是对映异构体。
根据本发明的第七方面,提供了根据本发明的第一方面的化合物,该化合物用于治疗自身免疫性疾病、癌症、阿尔茨海默病、哮喘的用途或用于预防同种异体移植物或异种移植物的排斥的用途。
特别是在癌症的治疗中,本发明的化合物还可以用于通过改变肿瘤微环境从而允许抗肿瘤药物(例如抗体或抗体-药物缀合物)更好地接近恶性细胞来支持抗癌治疗。
在某些实施方式中,根据第一方面的化合物用于治疗类风湿性关节炎、溃疡性结肠炎、银屑病关节炎、银屑病、克罗恩病、特应性皮炎、慢性手湿疹、非节段性白癜风、中轴型脊柱关节炎、小肠CD、瘘管性CD、干燥综合征、强直性脊柱炎、皮肤狼疮、狼疮性肾病、葡萄膜炎、骨髓纤维化和阿尔茨海默病、哮喘,或用于预防同种异体移植物,特别是同种异体肾的排斥。
在某些实施方式中,根据第一方面的化合物用于治疗类风湿性关节炎、溃疡性结肠炎、银屑病关节炎、银屑病、克罗恩病、特应性皮炎、慢性手湿疹、非节段性白癜风、中轴型脊柱关节炎、小肠CD、瘘管性CD、干燥综合征、强直性脊柱炎、皮肤狼疮、狼疮性肾病、葡萄膜炎、哮喘和阿尔茨海默病。
在某些实施方式中,根据第一方面的化合物用于治疗类风湿性关节炎、溃疡性结肠炎、银屑病关节炎、银屑病、克罗恩病、特应性皮炎、慢性手湿疹、非节段性白癜风、中轴型脊柱关节炎、小肠CD、瘘管性CD、干燥综合征、强直性脊柱炎、皮肤狼疮、狼疮性肾病、葡萄膜炎和阿尔茨海默病。
在某些实施方式中,根据第一方面的化合物用于治疗类风湿性关节炎、溃疡性结肠炎、银屑病关节炎、银屑病、克罗恩病、特应性皮炎、慢性手湿疹、非节段性白癜风、中轴型脊柱关节炎、小肠CD、瘘管性CD、干燥综合征、强直性脊柱炎、皮肤狼疮、狼疮性肾病和葡萄膜炎。
在本发明的第七方面的某些实施方式中,使用对映异构体或外消旋体,特别是对映异构体。
在另一种实施方式中,本发明涉及一种药物组合物,该药物组合物包括至少一种本发明的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和至少一种药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂。
如本文所用,术语药物组合物是指本发明的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,连同至少一种药学上可接受的载体。在某些实施方式中,根据本发明的药物组合物以适合于局部、肠胃外或可注射给药的形式提供。
如本文所用,术语药学上可接受的载体包括任何溶剂、分散介质、涂层、表面活性剂、抗氧化剂、防腐剂(例如,抗菌剂、抗真菌剂)、等渗剂、吸收延迟剂、盐、防腐剂、药物、药物稳定剂、粘结剂、赋形剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、甜味剂、芳香剂、染料等及其组合,如本领域技术人员将已知的(参见,例如,Remington:the Science and Practice of Pharmacy,ISBN0857110624)。
技术人员意识到任何特别提及的药物可以作为所述药物的药学上可接受的盐存在。药学上可接受的盐包括离子化的药物和带相反电荷的反荷离子。药学上可接受的阴离子盐形式的非限制性实例包括乙酸盐、苯甲酸盐、苯磺酸盐、酒石酸氢盐(bitatrate)、溴化物、碳酸盐、氯化物、柠檬酸盐、依地酸盐(edetate)、乙二磺酸盐、思波酸盐(embonate)、依托酸盐(estolate)、富马酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐(gluceptate)、葡糖酸盐、氢溴酸盐、盐酸盐、碘化物、乳酸盐、乳糖醛酸盐(lactobionate)、苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、扁桃酸盐、甲磺酸盐、甲基溴、甲基硫酸盐、粘酸盐(mucate)、萘磺酸盐、硝酸盐、双羟萘酸盐(pamoate)、磷酸盐、二磷酸盐、水杨酸盐、二水杨酸盐、硬脂酸盐、琥珀酸盐、硫酸盐、酒石酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐、三乙基碘(triethiodide)和戊酸盐。药学上可接受的阳离子盐形式的非限制性实例包括铝、苄星(benzathine)、钙、乙二胺、赖氨酸、镁、葡甲胺、钾、普鲁卡因、钠、氨丁三醇和锌。
本发明的另外方面涉及用于制备式1或2的化合物的方法。
式1或2的化合物的合成从二酮开始。二酮是用于制备如本发明的第五方面所述的式5或6的二环或三环中间体的浸提物。
在某些实施方式中,用于制备式5或6的中间体的方法包括以下步骤:
-提供式6或7的二酮,
-使用式8的化合物和式6或7的二酮进行缩合反应,然后进行还原,得到式9或10的中间体,
B是保护基团,特别是Boc,
y是1或2,特别是1,
q是1或2,特别是1,
z是1或2,特别是1,
-进行烯丙基化,特别是通过使用烯丙基溴和碳酸钾作为碱,以获得式11或12的中间体,
B是保护基团,特别是Boc,
y是1或2,特别是1,
q是1或2,特别是1,
z是1或2,特别是1,
-去除保护基团并进行分子内还原胺化,特别是通过使用NaBH3CN,以获得式5或6的中间体。
关于式5或6的中间体,参见本发明的第五方面。
从式5或6的中间体开始,可以获得如本发明的第二方面所述的式3或4的中间体。
在某些实施方式中,用于制备式3或4的中间体的方法包括以下步骤:
-提供式5或6的中间体,
-进行臭氧解,然后进行两次还原胺化,特别是使用苄胺和NaBH3CN,以获得式3或4的中间体。
为了允许嘌呤或嘌呤类似物(R1和R3)的偶联和如对R2和R4所述的小官能团的偶联,式3或4的中间体可以包括正交保护基团。
关于式3或4的中间体,参见本发明的第二方面。
特别是进行臭氧解,然后两次还原胺化以获得式3或4的中间体,其中x和p是1。
可以通过如Li,et al.J.Am.Chem.Soc.2019141239415-9421所述的烯烃的氢叠氮化(hydroazidation)或臭氧解随后选择性醛还原、甲苯磺酰化和用氰化钠置换来获得式3或4的中间体,其中x和p是2。
如本发明的第三和第四方面所述的式3或4的中间体可以通过标准方法获得。
特别地如本发明的第三方面所述的式3或4的中间体可以通过选择性去保护然后用氯嘌呤或其类似物进行亲核取代来获得。
最后,如本发明的第一方面所述的式1或2的化合物通过去保护然后通过形成酰胺键偶联如对于R2和R4所述的小官能团而获得。
附图说明
图1示出了与根据本发明的JAK抑制剂(KMC420和KMC423)相比的已知JAK抑制剂托法替尼、JTE-052(迪高替尼)或PF-066051600。
实施例
二胺1的合成
如方案1所示合成二胺1。二烯丙基-1,3-环戊二酮3可通过1,3-环戊二酮2的钯催化的烯丙基化获得(Schwartz,C.E.;Curran,D.P.,A.J.Am.Chem.Soc.1990,112(25),9272–9284)。通过一锅式串联臭氧解和与苄胺和NaBH(OAc)3的还原胺化反应(Kyasa,S.;Fisher,T.;Dussault,P.,Synthesis 2011,2011(21),3475–3481)实现同时闭环,得到苄基保护的二胺4。然后通过用钯炭和氢气去保护得到二胺1。其结构通过HCl盐的结晶得到证实。
方案1:二胺1的合成。
正交保护的二胺9的合成
具有两个不同保护基团的三环二胺9的合成如方案2所示。1,3-环戊二酮2与Boc保护的氨基乙醛的脯氨酸催化的Knoevenagel缩合,然后用Hantzsch酯原位还原,得到单烷基化的二酮5(Ramachary,D.B.;Kishor,M.,Org.Biomol.Chem.2008,6(22),4176),然后对其进行钯催化的烯丙基化,得到C-和O-烯丙基化产物的6和7的平衡混合物。Boc去除,然后进行利用NaBH3CN的分子内还原胺化和Boc再保护,得到二环酮8。最后,臭氧解,然后用苄胺和NaBH3CN进行两次还原胺化,得到9,为带有两个正交保护的仲胺的1的有用衍生物。
方案2:正交保护的二胺9的合成。
JAK抑制剂KMC420和KMC423(式1的抑制剂)的合成
从中间体9获得KMC420和KMC423(也参见图1),如方案3所示。苄基保护基团的选择性去保护,然后用6-氯-7-脱氮嘌呤进行亲核取代,得到化合物10。Boc-去保护,然后分别与氰基乙酸或丙烯酸形成酰胺键,得到两种JAK抑制剂KMC420、KMC423。
方案3:新JAK抑制剂KMC420和KMC423的合成。
根据式2的JAK抑制剂的合成
根据方案4中所示的反应方案合成式2的JAK抑制剂。
类似于9的合成,可以根据方案4获得四环正交保护的二胺15。1,3-茚二酮(1,3-indadione)11与Boc保护的氨基乙醛的脯氨酸催化的Knoevenagel缩合,然后用Hantzsch酯原位还原,得到单烷基化的二酮12(Ramachary,D.B.;Kishor,M.,Org.Biomol.Chem.2008,6(22),4176)。用烯丙基溴和碳酸钾作为碱进行烯丙基化得到产物13。Boc去除,然后进行利用NaBH3CN的分子内还原胺化和Boc再保护,得到三环酮14。最后,臭氧解,然后用苄胺和NaBH3CN进行两次还原胺化,得到15,为带有两个正交保护的仲胺的16的有用衍生物。
方案4:苯并二胺类似物15及其激酶抑制剂的合成。
JAK抑制
活性测试显示KMC420和KMC423是有效的激酶抑制剂(表1)。
表1:以IC50(nM)给出的激酶抑制活性。
在存在ATP(Km浓度)和Ulight-CAGAGAIETDKEYYTVKD(100nM)下进行酶测定,如Zhou,Y-J.et al.(1997),Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.,94:13850-13855针对JAK1,Brizzi,M.F.et al.(1996),J.Biol.Chem.,271:3562-3567针对JAK2,Yamaoka,K.et al.(2004),Gen.Biol.,5:253针对JAK3以及Ide,H.et al.(2008),Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.,369:292-296针对TYK2所述。
合成根据本发明的化合物的详细描述
(2-(2-羟基-5-氧亚基环戊-1-烯-1-基)乙基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(5)
向1,3-环戊二酮(3.32g,33.8mmol,1.0当量)、Hantzsch酯(11.1g,43.8mmol,1.3当量)和粗N-Boc-2-氨基乙醛(6.98g,43.8mmol,1.3当量)在非无水DCM(110ml)中的悬浮液中,加入脯氨酸(1.01g,8.8mmol,0.3当量)并将混合物在22℃下搅拌25小时。反应完成后,减压蒸发溶剂并使用快速柱色谱法(SiO2:己烷/EtOAc 2:8至纯EtOAc)纯化,得到所需的标题产物5(7.15g,29.6mmol,88%),为白色粉末。
Rf=0.35(9:1DCM/MeOH);
m.p.:170–171℃;
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=3.11(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.52(s,4H),2.42(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.45(s,9H);
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ=157.9,115.3,80.9,40.0,30.4,28.4,21.5;
HRMS(ESI):C12H20O4N+[M+H]+的m/z计算值242.1387,实测值242.1386。
3a-烯丙基-4-氧亚基六氢环戊[b]吡咯-1(2H)-甲酸叔丁酯(8)
向化合物5(4.82g,20.0mmol,1.0当量)和乙酸烯丙酯(2.2ml,20.4mmol,1.0当量)在无水THF(40ml)中的悬浮液中,在氩气氛下加入Pd(PPh3)4(0.23g,0.2mmol,0.01当量),并在22℃下搅拌4.5小时。蒸发溶剂并通过柱色谱法(SiO2:8:2己烷/EtOAc)纯化,得到C-和O-烷基化的中间体,为不可分离的混合物。然后将该混合物重新溶解在DCM(40ml)中并在0℃下缓慢加入TFA(10ml),然后将溶液在22℃下搅拌12小时。减压蒸发挥发物,并通过与甲苯(3x 30ml)共蒸发去除过量TFA,得到亚胺中间体,为褐色油状物。将残余物溶解在MeOH(200ml)中并在0℃下加入NaBH3CN(1.26g,20.0mmol,1.0当量),将溶液升温至22℃,并且然后在该温度下搅拌24小时。然后用NaOH水溶液(3M,20ml)淬灭反应,并将溶剂减少到约四分之一。将水性相用二乙醚(3x 150ml)萃取,经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并减压干燥。将该中间体溶解在DCM(200ml)中,在0℃下加入三乙胺(4.2ml,30.1mmol,1.5当量)和Boc2O(4.80g,22.0mmol,1.1当量),并在22℃下搅拌溶液16小时。蒸发溶剂,并且然后通过柱色谱法(SiO2:9:1至8:2己烷/EtOAc)纯化,得到标题化合物8(2.44g,9.2mmol,46%),为无色结晶化合物。
Rf=0.30(己烷/EtOAc:9:1);
m.p.:46-47℃;
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=5.75–5.65(m,1H),5.12–5.08(m,2H),4.18–4.09(m,1H),3.60(br,1H),3.11(br,1H),2.40–2.21(m,5H),2.14–2.01(m,2H),1.82–1.74(m,1H),1.48(s,9H);
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ=221.6,221.0,154.0,132.8,119.1,79.7,63.7,60.4,59.7,45.9,38.2,36.8,32.9,32.5,28.5,26.4,25.3;
HR-MS(ESI):C15H23O3NNa+[M+Na]+的m/z计算值288.1570,实测值288.1572。
由于在NMR测量中存在旋转异构体,使用DCM和TFA(1:1,1.0ml)的混合物对分析等分样品进行去保护。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=10.11(br,1H;NH2 +),9.71(br,1H;NH2 +),5.67–5.57(m,1H),5.18–5.14(m,2H),4.12(br,1H),3.32(br,1H),3.16(br,1H),2.67–2.57(m,1H),2.52–2.36(m,2H),2.32–2.20(m,4H),2.06–1.99(m,1H);
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ=217.4,131.4,120.6,64.1,59.5,45.3,38.5,36.5,33.9,23.1;
6-苄基八氢环戊[2,1-b:5,1-b']二吡咯-3(3aH)-甲酸叔丁酯(9)
在-78℃下,将O3/O2(≈3g O3/h)流引入化合物8(1.06g,4.00mmol,1.0当量)在DCM和MeOH(1:1,40mL)中的溶液中30分钟。特有的蓝色指示臭氧解的结束,并且过量的臭氧随O2流去除。加入二甲基硫醚(3.00mL,41.0mmol,10当量)并移除冷却浴。使反应混合物达到22℃并在该温度下搅拌8小时。然后蒸发溶剂并将残余物重新溶解在MeOH(40mL)中。加入苄胺(440μL,4.03mmol,1.0当量)并在22℃下搅拌一小时,然后按顺序加入乙酸(230μL,4.02mmol,1.0当量)和氰基硼氢化钠(251mg,3.99mmol,1.0当量)。将混合物在22℃下搅拌16.5小时,并且然后用NaOH水溶液(2M,20mL)淬灭。将反应体积减少到原始体积的大约三分之一,并将粗产物用二乙醚(3x 100ml)萃取。将合并的有机相经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并减压浓缩。将粗品通过柱色谱法(SiO2:8:2至1:1己烷/EtOAc+0.1%三乙胺)纯化,得到标题化合物9(956mg,2.79mmol,70%),为无色油状物。
Rf=0.13–0.38(SiO2;DCM/MeOH:50:1+NEt3滴);
1H-NMR(400MHz,CD2Cl2):δ=7.32–7.21(m,5H),3.89(d,J=13.1Hz,1H),3.70–3.63(m,2H),3.29(d,J=13.1Hz,1H),3.08(dt,J=11.1,6.0Hz,1H),2.79(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),2.60-2.56(m,1H),2.24–2.18(m,1H),2.05–1.94(m,3H),1.90–1.72(m,3H),1.63–1.57(m,1H),1.55–1.44(m,10H);
13C-NMR(100MHz,CD2Cl2):δ=154.3(br),154.1(br),140.4,129.1,128.5,127.1,78.9,77.5,69.3,61.1(br),60.3(br),59.5,54.1,47.7(br),47.2(br),37.5(br),37.0(br),36.8,32.0(br),30.9(br),30.6,28.7,28.5;
HR-MS(ESI):C21H31O2N2 +[M+H]+的m/z计算值343.2380,实测值343.2371
由于在NMR测量中存在旋转异构体,使用DCM和TFA(1:1,1.0ml)的混合物对分析等分样品进行去保护。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ=7.57–7.47(m,5H),4.48–4.41(m,2H),3.97(br,2H),3.64–3.58(m,1H),3.50–3.41(m,2H),3.35–3.27(m,1H),2.50–2.43(m,1H),2.41–2.18(m,4H),2.07(br,2H),1.85(br,1H),ppm;
13C-NMR(100MHz,CD3OD):δ=163.1(q,J=34Hz,COOCF3 -),131.9,131.5,131.2,130.4,118.3(q,J=294Hz,COOCF3 -),78.7(br),70.1,62.6(br),59.5(br),56.0(br),47.3(br),37.7,35.2(br),30.0,29.5(br),ppm;
6-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)八氢环戊[2,1-b:5,1-b']二吡咯-3(3aH)-甲酸叔丁酯(10)
向化合物9(829mg,2.42mmol,1.0当量)在甲醇(24.0mL,0.10M)中的溶液中加入乙酸(280μL,4.90mmol,2.0当量)和Pd/C(10%Pd;83mg,10m/m%)。将烧瓶置于真空下并用氢气冲洗三次。然后将反应混合物在氢气氛(1atm,气球)下在22℃下搅拌3天,直到起始材料完全消耗。将反应混合物经硅藻土过滤并将溶剂蒸发至干。将中间体重新溶解在无水NMP(5.0mL,0.48M)中,然后在氩气下加入三乙胺(1.0mL,7.17mmol,3.0当量)和6-氯-7-脱氮嘌呤(409mg,2.66mmol,1.1当量),加热至110℃并在该温度下搅拌14小时。将溶液用去离子水(50mL)稀释并用DCM(3x 30mL)萃取。将合并的有机相经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并减少溶剂。快速柱色谱法(SiO2:DCM/MeOH 50:1至20:1)得到标题化合物10(603mg,1.63mmol,67%),为淡褐色粉末。
Rf=0.23(SiO2;50:1DCM/MeOH);
m.p.:219-222℃;
1H-NMR(400MHz,CD2Cl2):δ=11.24(br,1H),8.27(s,1H),7.09(d,J=3.7Hz,1H),6.55(d,,J=3.7Hz,1H),4.48–4.46(m,1H),4.25–4.20(m,1H),3.96–3.91(m,1H),3.71–3.70(m,2H),3.34–3.27(m,1H),2.25–2.23(m,1H),2.14-1.74(m,8H),1.45(s,9H);
13C-NMR(100MHz,CD2Cl2):δ=155.1,154.1,151.8,151.6,120.5,103.4,101.9,79.3,70.2,69.1,61.4,49.2,47.5,47.1,36.3,35.9,33.9,33.4,32.9,28.7;
HR-MS(ESI):C20H28O2N5 +[M+H]+的m/z计算值370.2238,实测值370.2245
3-(6-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)八氢环戊[2,1-b:5,1-b']二吡咯-3(3aH)-基)-3-氧亚基丙腈(KMC420)
将化合物10(66.5mg,0.18mmol,1.0当量)溶解在DCM和TFA(1:1,2mL)的混合物中并将溶液在22℃下搅拌2小时。去保护完成后,减压蒸发挥发性化合物。
将干燥的残余物悬浮在DCM(2mL)中并加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(156μL,0.89mmol,4.9当量)以形成澄清溶液。然后随后加入氰基乙酸(30.8mg,0.36mmol,2.0当量)、1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺(作为HCl盐)(69.0mg,0.36mmol,2.0当量)和肟(51.0mg,0.36mmol,2.0当量)并将反应在22℃下搅拌21小时。将有机相用EtOAc(30mL)稀释,用饱和NaHCO3(2x 30mL)洗涤。将合并的有机相经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并减少。RP-HPLC(梯度:40min内0–20%D)产生最终化合物KMC420,为TFA盐(18.0mg,0.04mmol,23%;纯度>98%)
UPLC:tR=2.17min;
RP-HPLC:tR=19–28min;
1H-NMR(400MHz,D2O):δ=8.22(s,1H),7.41(s,1H),6.92(s,1H),4.45(br,1H),4.28–4.27(m,1H),4.05–3.75(m,4.5H),3.62–3.42(br,1.5H),2.46–1.95(m,8H);
13C-NMR(100MHz,D2O):δ=163.1,162.7,147.6,142.0,124.2,115.7,104.6,71.3,70.4,69.0,48.4,47.2,34.5,33.8,33.3,32.9,31.6,26.0,25.2;
由于受阻旋转,一些13C信号分裂,并且季碳信号无法解析。
HR-MS(ESI):C18H21N6O+[M+H]+的m/z计算值337.1771,实测值337.1768。
1-(6-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)八氢环戊[2,1-b:5,1-b']二吡咯-3(3aH)-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮(KMC423)
将化合物10(49.9mg,0.14mmol,1.0当量)溶解在DCM和TFA(1:1,1mL)的混合物中并将溶液在22℃下搅拌2小时。减压蒸发挥发物并将干燥的残余物悬浮在DCM(1mL)中。加入DIPEA(23μL,0.13mmol,1.0当量)以形成澄清溶液,然后按顺序加入丙烯酸(175μL,2.55mmol,19当量)、EDCl(58.8mg,0.31mmol,2.3当量)和DMAP(2.8mg,0.02mmol,0.2当量)并将反应在22℃下搅拌19.5小时。将有机相用DCM(5mL)稀释,用饱和Na2CO3(3x 5mL)洗涤,并且然后用DCM(3x 5mL)萃取水性相。将合并的有机相经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并减少。RP-HPLC(梯度:40min内0-50%D)产生最终化合物KMC423,为TFA盐(19.0mg,0.04mmol,31%;纯度>99%)。
UPLC:tR=2.40min;
RP-HPLC:tR=20-23min;
1H-NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ=8.25(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),7.39(d,J=3.4Hz,1H),6.97(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),6.70–6.61(m,1H),6.29(dt,J=16.8,1.8Hz,1H),5.78(ddd,J=10.4,6.1,1.8Hz,1H),4.43(br,1H),4.32(br,1H),4.14–3.96(m,2H),3.69(br,1H),3.48(br,1H),2.46–1.95(m,8H);
13C-NMR(100MHz,CD3OD):δ=166.3,166.3,162.3(q,J=34.7Hz,COOCF3 -),143.2,130.1,129.6,128.8,128.5,1225.3,105.7,72.3,69.9,69.3,48.9,47.7,36.4,36.0,35.0,33.4;
由于受阻旋转,一些13C信号分裂,并且季碳信号无法解析。
HR-MS(ESI):C18H22N5O+[M+H]+的m/z计算值324.1819,实测值324.1820。
(2-(1,3-二氧亚基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-2-基)乙基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(12)
向1,3-茚二酮(2.93g,20.0mmol,1.0当量)、Hantzsch酯(5.07g,20.0mmol,1.0当量)和粗N-Boc-2-氨基乙醛(3.18g,20.0mmol,1.0当量)在DCM(65ml)中的悬浮液中加入脯氨酸(460mg,4mmol,0.2当量),并将混合物在22℃下搅拌19.5小时。反应完成后,减压蒸发溶剂,并且产物通过快速柱色谱法(SiO2:己烷/EtOAc 9:1至纯EtOAc)纯化,然后从热己烷/EtOAc混合物(8/2,100ml)中重结晶,得到所需的标题化合物12(2.99g,10.3mmol,52%),为灰白色粉末。
Rf=0.18(己烷/EtOAc:8/2);
m.p.:97-99℃;
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=7.94–7.98(m,2H),7.80–7.85(m,2H),4.9(br,1H;NH),3.36(q,J=6.2Hz,2H),3.06(t,J=6.4Hz,1H),2.11(q,J=6.5Hz,2H),1.35(s,9H);
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ=200.3,157.9,142.1,135.7,123.3,79.2,50.1,38.3,28.3,26.9;
HR-MS(ESI):C16H19O4NNa+[M+Na]+的m/z计算值312.1206,实测值312.1190。
(2-(2-烯丙基-1,3-二氧亚基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-2-基)乙基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(13)
向化合物12(1.46g,5.0mmol,1当量)、K2CO3(1.39g,10.1mmol,2当量)和四丁基硫酸氢铵(TBAHS)(0.26g,0.75mmol,0.15当量)在无水乙腈(35ml)中并在氩气氛下的黄色悬浮液中逐滴加入烯丙基溴(0.9ml,10.4mmol,2.1当量)。将混合物在22℃下搅拌19小时,并且在反应完成后,过滤出过量的K2CO3并减少溶剂。将残余物在去离子水和DCM之间分配,并且水性层用DCM(3x 25ml)萃取。将合并的有机相经MgSO4干燥,过滤并减少。通过MPLC(24gSiO2:1:0至1:1己烷/EtOAc)纯化,得到标题化合物13(1.48g,4.49mmol,90%),为淡黄色粉末。
Rf=0.31(己烷/EtOAc:8/2);
m.p.:63-65℃;
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=7.98–7.94(m,2H),7.85–7.80(m,2H),5.50–5.40(m,1H),5.04–4.87(m,2H),4.27(br,1H;NH),3.04–2.99(m,2H),2.52(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),2.06(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.29(s,9H);
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ=203.3,155.2,142.0,135.8,131.1,123.2,119.7,79.2,56.8,28.3,39.6,36.7,34.2;
HR-MS(ESI):C19H23O4NNa+[M+Na]+的m/z=计算值352.1519,实测值352.1509。
3a-烯丙基-4-氧亚基-3,3a,4,8b-四氢茚并[1,2-b]吡咯-1(2H)-甲酸叔丁酯(14)
将化合物13(1.47g,4.46mmol,1.0当量)在HCl的MeOH溶液(7.2mL,≈1.25M,2.0当量)中在22℃下搅拌18小时。反应完成后,蒸发挥发物并将残余物溶解在MeOH(45mL)中。加入NaOAc(0.38g,4.48mmol,1.0当量)和NaBH3CN(0.28g,4.48mmol,1.0当量)并在22℃下搅拌16小时。反应用NaOH水溶液(2M,10ml)淬灭并且体积减少到大约四分之一。将水性相用EtOAc(3x 50mL)萃取,将合并的有机相用盐水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并蒸发溶剂。然后将残余物溶解在DCM(10mL)中,在0℃加入NEt3(0.65mL,4.50mmol,1.0当量)和Boc2O(1.18g,5.41mmol,1.2当量)。将溶液在22℃下搅拌20小时,并且在反应完成后,蒸发溶剂,并将产物通过柱色谱法(SiO2:己烷/EtOAc 1:0至1:1)纯化,得到标题化合物14(0.74g,2.36mmol,53%),为无色油状物。
Rf=0.35(己烷/EtOAc:9/1);
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=8.02–7.81(m,1H),7.71–7.63(m,2H),7.47–7.45(m,1H),5.71–5.59(m,1H),5.30–5.18(m,1H),5.15–5.10(m,1H),5.05–5.00(m,1H),3.81–3.62(m,1H),3.07–2.96(m,1H),2.67–2.62(m,1H),2.49–2.43(m,1H),2.15–2.11(m,1H),1.96–1.88(m,1H),1.61–1.48(m,9H);
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ=207.7,207.2,154.8,154.1,152.9,152.3,136.1,135.9,133.3,133.1,129.5,129.4,128.5,127.2,123.7,123.4,119.2,80.6,80.1,63.9,63.8,61.1,60.1,45.8,45.2,39.4,39.2,34.2,33.7,28.9,28.6
由于受阻旋转,一些1H-和13C-信号分裂。
HR-MS(ESI):C19H23O3NNa+[M+Na]+的m/z计算值336.1570,实测值336.1564。
由于在NMR测量中存在旋转异构体,使用DCM和TFA(1:1,1.0ml)的混合物对分析等分样品进行去保护。
1H-NMR(400MHz,D2O):δ=7.95–7.91(m,1H),7.86–7.84(m,2H),7.75–7.71(m,1H),5.67–5.56(m,1H),5.32(s,1H),5.20–5.04(m,2H),3.53–3.48(m,1H),3.0(dt,J=11.7,6.4Hz,1H),2.75–2.54(m,2H),2.43–2.37(m,1H),2.24–2.16(m,1H);
13C-NMR(100MHz,D2O):δ=208.8,162.8(q,J=36Hz,COOCF3 -),145.5,137.8,136.8,131.8,131.8,127.5,124.4,120.1,116.3(q,J=292Hz,COOCF3 -),64.0,59.9,45.0,38.4,32.8
6-苄基-2,3,5,6,6a,10b-六氢茚并[1,2-b:3,2-b']二吡咯-1(4H)-甲酸叔丁酯(15)
在-78℃下,将O3/O2(≈3g O3/h)流引入化合物14(683mg,2.18mmol,1.0当量)在DCM和MeOH(1:1,22mL)中的溶液中30分钟。特有的蓝色指示臭氧解的结束,并且过量的臭氧随O2流去除。加入二甲基硫醚(1.6mL,21.6mmol,9.9当量)并移除冷却浴。使反应混合物达到22℃并在该温度下搅拌5小时。然后蒸发溶剂,然后与甲苯共蒸发。将残余物溶解在无水MeOH(22mL)中,然后加入苄胺(238μL,2.18mmol,1.0当量)、乙酸(125μL,2.19mmol,1.0当量),并在22℃下搅拌一小时。然后加入氰基硼氢化钠(274mg,4.36mmol,2.0当量)并将溶液在22℃下搅拌19.5小时。反应完成后,将其使用NaOH水溶液(2M,20mL)淬灭。将反应体积减少到原始体积的大约三分之一,并将粗产物用二乙醚(3x 100ml)萃取。将合并的有机相经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并减压浓缩。产物通过柱色谱法(SiO2:己烷/EtOAc 8:2+0.1%三乙胺)纯化,得到标题化合物15(687mg,1.76mmol,81%),为无色油状物。
Rf=0.34(己烷/EtOAc:8/2+NEt3滴);
1H-NMR(400MHz,CD2Cl2):δ=7.73–7.62(m,1H),7.36–7.22(m,8H),5.09–5.04(m,1H),4.16–4.12(m,1H),3.93–3.90(m,1H),3.67–3.62(m,2H),3.28–3.22(m,1H),2.86(br,1H),2.61–2.55(m,1H),2.14–2.07(m,1H),2.01–1.88(m,3H)1.57–1.48(m,9H);
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ=155.2,154.8,145.4,144.9,143.4,143.2,140.0,129.2,128.8,128.7,128.6,128.4,127.8,127.6,127.3,127.2,126.8,125.9,125.7,79.9,79.4,77.7,77.6,72.4,62.3,61.1,59.2,54.3,46.9,46.5,37.0,36.7,36.5,36.2,28.8,28.7;
HR-MS(ESI):C25H31O2N2 +[M+H]+的m/z计算值391.2380,实测值391.2365。
由于在NMR测量中存在旋转异构体,使用DCM和TFA(1:1,1.0ml)的混合物对分析等分样品进行去保护。
1H-NMR(400MHz,D2O):δ=7.63–7.54(m,8H),7.06–7.04(m,1H),5.30(s,1H),5.24(s,1H),4.83–4.79(m,1H),4.63–4.60(m,1H),3.66–3.51(m,3H),3.23–3.16(m,1H),2.63–2.54(m,2H),2.49–2.39(m,2H);
13C-NMR(100MHz,D2O):δ=162.8(q,J=36Hz,COOCF3 -),136.7,136.2,132.2,131.8,130.9,130.5,129.7,126.9,126.1,116.3(q,J=292Hz,COOCF3 -),79.6,71.6,59.9,58.9,54.4,45.8,35.7,34.0;
1,2,3,4,5,6,6a,10b-八氢茚并[1,2-b:3,2-b']二吡咯-1,6-二鎓二氯化物(16)
向化合物15(324.6mg,0.83mmol,1.0当量)和乙酸(95μL,1.66mmol,2.0当量)在MeOH(10mL)中的溶液中加入Pd/C(10wt.%)(32mg,10wt.%)。将混合物在22℃下在H2气氛(1atm,气球)下搅拌20小时,并且然后经硅藻土过滤并减压浓缩。将残余物吸收在DCM(10ml)和TFA(5ml)中并在22℃下搅拌2小时。反应完成后,蒸发溶剂,使用NaOH水溶液(3M,10mL)碱化并用EtOAc(3x 100mL)萃取。将合并的有机相经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并浓缩。最终化合物16(206mg,0.75mmol,91%)用HCl(1.25M,在MeOH中)从二乙醚中沉淀出来,为无色结晶固体。
1H-NMR(400MHz,D2O):δ=7.68–7.62(m,4H),5.36(s,2H),3.62–3.56(m,2H),3.20–3.13(m,2H),2.59–2.53(m,2H),2.44–2.36(m,2H);
13C-NMR(100MHz,D2O):δ=137.1,131.8,126.5,72.0,59.2,45.5,35.1;
HR-MS(ESI):C13H17N2 +[M+H]+的m/z计算值201.1386,实测值201.1392。
参考文献
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Claims (15)
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中,
z是1或2。
3.根据权利要求1或2中任一项所述的化合物,其中,
z、x、y、p和q是1。
7.根据权利要求6所述的中间体,其中,
-R5和R6二者以及R7和R8二者都是–H,或
-R5和R7之一或R6和R8之一是–H,并且另一个R是保护基团,或
-R5和R7二者以及R6和R8二者都是保护基团,其中R5和R7处所述保护基团的裂解不同于R6和R8处所述保护基团的裂解。
11.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的化合物、根据权利要求6或7中任一项所述的中间体、根据权利要求8所述的中间体、根据权利要求9所述的中间体或根据权利要求10所述的中间体,其中,所述化合物或者所述中间体是对映异构体。
12.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的化合物,用于治疗疾病的用途。
13.根据权利要求12所述的化合物,其中,使用对映异构体或外消旋体,特别是对映异构体。
14.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的化合物,用于治疗自身免疫性疾病、癌症、阿尔茨海默病、哮喘的用途,或用于预防同种异体移植物或异种移植物的排斥的用途,特别是用于治疗类风湿性关节炎、溃疡性结肠炎、银屑病关节炎、银屑病、克罗恩病、特应性皮炎、慢性手湿疹、非节段性白癜风、中轴型脊柱关节炎、小肠CD、瘘管性CD、干燥综合征、强直性脊柱炎、皮肤狼疮、狼疮性肾病、葡萄膜炎、骨髓纤维化和阿尔茨海默病、哮喘的用途,或用于预防同种异体移植物,特别是同种异体肾的排斥的用途。
15.根据权利要求14所述的化合物,其中,使用对映异构体或外消旋体,特别是对映异构体。
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