CN114288313B - 嘧啶核苷类药物在制备预防或治疗冠状病毒感染性疾病药物中的用途 - Google Patents
嘧啶核苷类药物在制备预防或治疗冠状病毒感染性疾病药物中的用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属药物化学领域,涉及嘧啶核苷类药物在制备预防或治疗冠状病毒药物中的用途,包括新冠病毒(SARS-CoV-2)感染性疾病药物用途。
背景技术
冠状病毒(Coronavirus,CoV)是一类有包膜的正向单链RNA病毒,在人类、其他哺乳动物和鸟类中广泛传播,并可导致呼吸道、肠道、肝脏和神经系统等疾病。目前已知有七种CoV可导致人类疾病,其中四种HCoV-229E、HCoV-OC43、HCoV-NL63和HCoV-HKU1在人群中流行,并通常引起普通感冒症状。而其他三种SARS-CoV、MERS-CoV和新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2(COVID-19)都具有发病快、传染性强和致死率高的严重危害性。虽然有几款疫苗已经授予紧急使用权,但目前还没有有效的临床治疗药物,美国FDA批准紧急使用授权的瑞德西韦的临床疗效有限。因此,研发直接抗新型冠病毒SARS-CoV-2的药物,十分迫切。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备预防或治疗冠状病毒感染性疾病药物中的用途。
其中,
X独立地选自:-OH、-NH2、-NHR3、-NR3(R3)、-OR3或-SR3;
Ar选自:芳基或取代芳基、杂芳基或取代杂芳基;
R1和R2独立地选自:-H、烷基或取代烷基、炔基或取代炔基、烯基或取代烯基、或1-3卤代烷基;
或R1和R2形成3-6元脂肪环;
各个R3各自独立地选自-H、烷基或取代烷基、炔基或取代炔基、烯基或取代烯基、1-3卤代烷基、芳基或取代芳基、或者杂芳基或取代杂芳基;
所述“取代烷基”、“取代芳基”、“取代杂芳基”、“取代炔基”和“取代烯基”中的取代基各自独立的选自:烷基、卤素、-CN、-N3、-OH、-NH2、-NHR3、 -NR3(R3)、-OR3、-SR3;
所述“卤代烷基”中的卤原子选自F、Cl、Br或I;
所述“烷基”和“卤代烷基”中的烷基为C1-20直链或支链烷基,可选为C1-10直链或支链烷基,可选为C1-6直链或支链烷基;可选为:甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、仲丁基、正戊基、或异戊基;可选地,所述卤代烷基为2-氯乙基、2-氟乙基或三氟乙基;
所述“炔基”为C2-C20炔基;可选为C2-C10炔基;可选为乙炔;
所述“烯基”为C2-C20烯基;可选为C2-C10烯基;可选为乙烯;
所述“芳基”为6-10元芳基;可选为苯基或萘基;
所述“杂芳基”为环上含有选自N、O或S中至少一种杂原子的5-10元杂芳基。
可选地,式(I)中,
X选自-OH、-NH2、-NHR3、-NR3(R3)、-OR3或-SR3;
其中,
R1和R2独立地选自:-H或C1-6直链或支链烷基;
各个R3各自独立地为C1-6直链或支链烷基;
Ar选自苯基或取代苯基,萘基或取代萘基;所述取代基各自独立的优选: C1-5烷基、卤素、-CN、-N3、-OH、-NH2等。
可选地:所述C1-6直链或支链烷基选自甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、仲丁基、正戊基、或异戊基。
可选地,式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐选自下列化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,
式(I-a)和(I-b)中,X为-OH、-NH2、-NHMe、-N(Me)2、-N(Me)(Et)、-N(Et)2、 -OMe、-OEt、-O(iPr)、-SMe、-SEt或-S(iPr);
式(I-b)中,Ar为苯基或萘基。
可选地,所述药学上可接受的盐包括式(I)化合物与无机酸或者有机酸形成的盐;
可选地,所述无机酸包括盐酸、氢溴酸、氢碘酸、硫酸、半硫酸、硝酸、磷酸、或碳酸;
可选地,所述有机酸包括甲酸、抗坏血酸、乙酸、丙酸、草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、马来酸、乳酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸、枸橼酸、酒石酸、葡萄糖酸、酒石氢酸、葡萄糖醒酸、碳酸、苦味酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、苯甲酸、苯磺酸、对溴苯磺酸、谷氨酸、水杨酸、或双羟萘酸;
可选地,所述药学上可接受的盐为式(I)化合物的盐酸盐;
可选地,所述药学上可接受的盐为式(I)化合物的半硫酸盐。
可选地,所述冠状病毒感染性疾病包括感染人或其他动物所引起的疾病;
可选地,所述冠状病毒包括HCoV-229E、HCoV-OC43、HCoV-NL63、 HCoV-HKU1、SARS-CoV、MERS-CoV或SARS-CoV-2。
可选地,所述药物的剂型为速释剂型、缓释剂型、或控释剂型;
可选地,所述药物的剂型为片剂、胶囊剂、水性或油性混悬剂、颗粒剂、乳剂、糖浆剂、酏剂、注射液、或粉针剂。
化合物I-a'、I-a”、I-b'、I-b”合成路线:
试剂和反应条件:(i)HBr.HOAc,CH2Cl2;(ii)HMDS,(NH4)2SO4;(iii)CHCl3,reflux;(iv)Saturated NH3/CH3OH,r.t.;(v)DMTrCl,Pyr,0℃;(vi)imidazole,TBDMSCl,CH2Cl2;(vii)TFA,CH2Cl2;(viii)Pyr, TFA,EDC.HCl,DMSO;(ix)1)37%HCHO,2N NaOH,1,4-dioxane;2)AcOH,NaBH4,EtOH;(x)DMTrCl, CH2Cl2,Pyr;(xi)imidazole,TBDPSCl,CH2Cl2;(xii)TFA,CH2Cl2;(xiii)1)Pyr,TFA,EDC.HCl,DMSO;2)chlormethyltriphenylphosphoniun chloride,n-BuLi,-78℃,THF;(xiv)n-BuLi,-78℃,THF;(xv)NH4F, MeOH,reflux;(xvi)isopropyl((S)-(perfluorophenoxy)(phenoxy)phosphoryl)-L-alaninate,tBuMgCl,THF,rt; (xvii)1)1,2,4-triazole,POCl3,Pyr,CH2Cl2;2)NH4OH,THF.
一、实验步骤:
1、1-溴代-3,5-二-O-苯甲酰-2-脱氧-2-氟-α-D-阿拉伯呋喃糖(4)
将化合物3(100.0g,215.5mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(1000mL),搅拌下于0℃加入HBr/AcOH(45%,v/v,200mL),反应液继续搅拌室温反应16小时,反应完毕后加入水(1000mL),分离有机相并用饱和NaHCO3溶液中和至pH=7,有机相用无水Na2SO4干燥,蒸干溶剂得到化合物4直接用于下一步反应。
2、1-(3′,5′-二-O-苯甲酰基-2′-脱氧-2′-氟-β-D-阿拉伯呋喃糖基)尿嘧啶(7)
将尿嘧啶(5)(31.5g,280mmol)和(NH4)2SO4(300mg)加入六甲基二硅氮烷 (HMDS)(180mL,135.0g)中,回流反应16小时直至悬浮液变澄清。氮气保护下减压蒸馏除去HMDS,加入化合物4的氯仿溶液(600mL),继续回流反应24小时,反应完毕后将反应液倒入冰水搅拌过夜。二氯甲烷(500mL x 3)萃取,合并有机相并用饱和NaHCO3溶液洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥。蒸去溶剂后将残余物溶于二氯甲烷(500mL),加入甲醇(10mL),减压蒸去大部分二氯甲烷,剩余的二氯甲烷于常压蒸馏,过滤,得到化合物7(78.7g,80.4%)。1H NMR(300MHz, CDCl3):δ8.35(1H,brs),7.43-8.11(11H,m),6.33(1H,dd,J=21.59,2.93Hz),5.69 (1H,d,J=8.05Hz),5.63(1H,dd,J=17.20,2.93Hz),5.34(1H,dd,J=50.13,2.93Hz),4.78(2H,d,J=4.39Hz),4.52(1H,m).
3、1-(2′-脱氧-2′-氟-β-D-阿拉伯呋喃糖基)尿嘧啶(8)
室温下将化合物7(78.6g,173.0mmol)加入饱和的甲醇氨溶液(2000mL),于室温搅拌反应24小时。反应完毕后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,残余物用二氯甲烷洗涤并过滤得到化合物8(38.3g,89.9%).1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ11.35 (1H,brs),7.71(1H,dd,J=8.05,1.46Hz),6.10(1H,dd,J=16.10,4.39Hz),5.87(1H,d,J=5.12Hz),5.64(1H,d,J=8.05Hz),5.08(1H,t,J=5.85Hz),5.03(1H, ddd,J=52.69,4.03,2.93Hz),4.21(1H,d,J=19.76Hz),3.79(1H,m),3.60(2H,m).
4、1-(2′-脱氧-3′-O-[(1,1-二甲基乙基)二甲基硅基]-2′-氟-β-D-阿拉伯呋喃糖基)尿嘧啶(11)
将化合物8(38.2g,155.2mmol)溶于吡啶(800mL),搅拌下于0℃加入4′,4′- 二甲氧基三苯基氯甲烷(DMTrCl)(63.3g,186.7mmol),保持0℃搅拌反应5小时(TLC检测反应)。反应完毕后,加入甲醇(120mL),减压蒸干溶剂,所得固体用乙酸乙酯(1000mL)和水(250mL)萃取,合并有机相,无水Na2SO4干燥。蒸干溶剂,残留物溶于二氯甲烷(800mL),搅拌加入加入咪唑(31.8g,467.2mmol) 和叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷(TBDMSCl)(35.2g,23.4mmol),室温搅拌反应5小时 (TLC检测反应,如果未反应完全继续添加试剂)。反应完毕后加入乙酸乙酯(1000 mL)和饱和食盐水萃取,有机相用无水Na2SO4干燥,蒸干溶剂,剩余物溶于二氯甲烷(1000mL),加入三氟乙酸(TFA,40mL)室温搅拌反应2小时。反应完毕后加入水(80mL)继续室温搅拌1小时,缓慢滴加甲醇(200mL)至红色消失后,加入氨水调节溶液至中性,饱和食盐水洗,有机相用无水Na2SO4干燥,蒸干溶剂,剩余固体用硅胶柱层析色谱(乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:3~2:1)梯度洗脱得到化合物 11(38.1g),三步总收率68.1%。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ11.42(1H,brs), 7.72(1H,d,J=8.05Hz),6.13(1H,dd,J=13.90,4.76Hz),5.66(1H,d,J=8.05Hz),5.17(1H,brs),5.10(1H,dt,J=53.06,4.03Hz),4.41(1H,ddd,J=20.13,5.49,3.66 Hz),3.78(1H,m),3.61(2H,m),0.88(9H,s),0.11(6H,s).
5、1-(2′-脱氧-3′-O-[(1,1-二甲基乙基)二甲基硅基]-2′-氟-4′-C-羟甲基-β-D-阿拉伯呋喃糖基)尿嘧啶(13)
将化合物11(38.0g,105.4mmol)溶于DMSO(350mL),顺序加入吡啶(17 mL,17.2g,210.8mmol)、三氟乙酸(7.8mL,12.0g,105.4mmol)和1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC·HCl)(60.6g,316.2mmol),室温搅拌反应16 小时。反应完毕后加入乙酸乙酯(1000mL)和水(400mL),继续室温搅拌30分钟。加入乙酸乙酯(1000mL),分离有机相,水相用乙酸乙酯(300mL×2)萃取,合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗,无水Na2SO4干燥,蒸干溶剂,将得到的化合物12 溶于1,4-二氧六环(700mL),加入37%的甲醛溶液(32mL,25.8g,318.7mmol)和2mol/L的NaOH水溶液(80mL,159.3mmol),室温搅拌2小时后用醋酸中和溶液pH=7。0℃加入乙醇(700mL)和NaBH4(7.95g,210.3mmol),继续0℃搅拌反应3小时后加入醋酸终止反应。反应液减压蒸干后用加入甲醇-二氯甲烷(1:1, 1000mL)混合溶剂用快速硅胶柱过滤,用甲醇-二氯甲烷(1:1)将产品全部洗脱 (TLC检测),合并有机相并蒸干溶剂,产品用柱层析色谱(乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:4~1:1)梯度洗脱分离得到化合物13(白色固体,22.2g),两步收率54.0%。1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ8.02(1H,d,J=8.05Hz),6.44(1H,dd,J=7.68,5.85Hz), 5.70(1H,d,J=8.05Hz),5.35(1H,dt,J=55.99,5.49Hz),4.67(1H,dd,J=25.61,5.49Hz),3.41-3.78(4H,m),0.94(9H,s),0.15(6H,s).
6、1-(2′-脱氧-3′-O-[(1,1-二甲基乙基)二甲基硅基]-2′-氟-4′-C-[1-O-(4,4′-二甲氧基三苯基甲基)甲基]-β-D-阿拉伯呋喃糖基)尿嘧啶(14)
将化合物13(22.0g,56.3mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(600mL)和吡啶(150mL)后,于0℃加入DMTrCl(22.9g,67.6mmol),保持温度搅拌1小时(TLC检测反应)。反应完毕后加入甲醇(30mL),蒸干溶剂,剩余物用甲苯(500mL)共蒸,乙酸乙酯 (3000mL)和水(700mL)萃取,分离有机相,水相再用乙酸乙酯(300mL×2)萃取,合并有机相,水洗,饱和食盐水洗,无水Na2SO4干燥。减压蒸馏除去溶剂,产品用柱层析色谱(乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:4~1:1)梯度洗脱分离得到化合物14(白色泡沫状,27.8g,71.2%)。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ8.48(1H,brs),7.66(1H,d,J= 8.05Hz),6.82-7.44(13H,m),6.43(1H,dd,J=13.17,4.76Hz),5.76(1H,dd,J=8.05,1.83Hz),5.22(1H,dt,J=54.16,4.76Hz),4.51(1H,dd,J=21.22,3.66Hz), 3.78(6H,s),3.70(2H,m),3.40(1H,d,J=10.25Hz),3.05(1H,d,J=10.25Hz),0.77(9H,s),0.06(3H,s),-0.05(3H,s).
7、1-(2′-脱氧-3′-O-[(1,1-二甲基乙基)二甲基硅基]-2′-氟-4′-C-羟甲基-5′-O-[(1,1- 二甲基乙基)二苯基硅基]-β-D-阿拉伯呋喃糖基)尿嘧啶(16)
将化合物14(27.5g,39.7mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(500mL),加入咪唑(8.12g,119.3mmol)和TBDPSCl(16.4g,59.7mmol),室温搅拌3小时(TLC检测反应)。反应完毕后,反应液用水和饱和食盐水洗,有机相用Na2SO4干燥,蒸干溶剂,产物溶于二氯甲烷(1000mL),再加入三氟乙酸(30mL)室温搅拌反应2小时后,加入水(60mL),继续搅拌30分钟。加入甲醇(150mL)至橙色消失,反应液用氨水中和至中性。乙酸乙酯(1000mL)萃取,分离得到的有机相用饱和食盐水洗,无水Na2SO4干燥,蒸干溶剂得到的固体用柱层析色谱(乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:5~1:1) 梯度洗脱分离得到化合物16(白色固体,20.5g),两步收率82.3%。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ7.40-7.68(11H,m),6.50(1H,dd,J=12.81,5.12Hz),5.34(1H, d,J=8.05Hz),5.19(1H,dt,J=54.52,4.39Hz),4.76(1H,dd,J=23.78,3.66Hz),3.57-3.81(4H,m),1.10(9H,s),0.90(9H,s),0.17(3H,s),0.13(3H,s).
8、1-(2′-脱氧-3′-O-[(1,1-二甲基乙基)二甲基硅基]-2′-氟-4′-C-(Z-2-氯乙烯基)-5′-O-[(1,1-二甲基乙基)二苯基硅基]-β-D-阿拉伯呋喃糖基)尿嘧啶(17)
化合物16(20.0g,31.8mmol)溶于DMSO(300mL),顺序加入吡啶(127.2 mmol)、三氟乙酸(63.6mmol)和EDC HCl(18.3g,95.4mmol),室温搅拌16小时。反应完毕后加入乙酸乙酯(1000mL)和水(400mL),继续搅拌30分钟。分离有机相,水相用乙酸乙酯(200mL x 3)萃取,合并有机相,水洗(400mL x 4),饱和食盐水洗(400mL),无水Na2SO4干燥。蒸干溶剂,剩余物用无水四氢呋喃(300mL) 溶解,加入氯甲基三苯基氯化磷(42.0g,121.0mmol),冷却到-78℃,加入正丁基锂(124.2mmol),保持温度搅拌反应50分钟,加入饱和氯化铵溶液(500mL),乙酸乙酯(500mL x 2)萃取。合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗,无水Na2SO4干燥,蒸干溶剂,剩余物用柱层析色谱(乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:10~1:5)梯度洗脱分离得到化合物 17(13.6g,64.9%)。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ8.37(1H,brs),7.37-7.70(m,11H), 6.29(1H,d,J=8.05Hz),6.25(1H,dd,J=9.88,5.12Hz),5.95(1H,d,J=8.05Hz),5.32(1H,dd,J=8.05,1.83Hz),4.99(1H,dt,J=54.16,5.49Hz),4.80(1H,dd,J= 23.05,5.49Hz),4.12(1H,dd,J=11.71,2.20Hz),3.62(1H,dd,J=11.71Hz),1.11(9H,s),0.90(9H,s),0.16(3H,s),0.14(3H,s).
9、1-(2′-脱氧-3′-O-[(1,1-二甲基乙基)二甲基硅基]-2′-氟-4′-C-乙炔基-5′-O-[(1,1- 二甲基乙基)二苯基硅基]-β-D-阿拉伯呋喃糖基)尿嘧啶(18)
化合物17(13.0g,19.7mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(500mL),冷却至-78℃加入正丁基锂(250.2mmol),并于-78℃搅拌反应3小时,加入饱和氯化铵水溶液(500mL),用乙酸乙酯(300mL×3)萃取,合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗,无水Na2SO4干燥,蒸干溶剂,剩余物用柱层析色谱(乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:8)分离得到化合物18(8.43g, 68.7%)。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ10.14(1H,s),7.62-7.70(4H,m),7.39-7.47 (7H,m),6.46(1H,dd,J=11.71,5.49Hz),5.41(1H,d,J=8.05Hz),5.18(1H,dt,J=54.16,5.12Hz),4.76(1H,dd,J=23.78,4.39Hz),3.92(2H,m),2.55(1H,s),1.12 (9H,s),0.92(9H,s),0.17(3H,s),0.15(3H,s).
10、1-(2′-脱氧-4′-C-乙炔基-2′-氟-β-D-阿拉伯呋喃糖基)尿嘧啶(1-a')
化合物18(4.00g,6.42mmol)溶于甲醇(150mL),加入氟化铵(4.73g,127.9 mmol),回流反应5小时,蒸干溶剂,剩余物用柱层析色谱(2-10%的甲醇:二氯甲烷)梯度洗脱分离得到化合物1-a'(糖浆状,1.26g,73.0%)。1H NMR(300MHz, CD3OD):δ7.79(1H,dd,J=1.46,8.05Hz),6.33(1H,dd,J=10.98,5.49Hz),5.70 (1H,d,J=8.05Hz),5.20(1H,dt,J=5.49,54.16Hz),4.49(1H,dd,J=5.49,24.52Hz),3.80(2H,m),3.18(1H,s);13C NMR(75MHz,CD3OD):δ64.4,75.0,79.2,80.0, 82.1,82.9,97.1,102.5,143.0,152.2,166.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z:C11H11FN2O5计算值: 293.0550[M+Na]+;测量值:293.0563[M+Na]+.
11、1-(2′-脱氧-3′-O-[(1,1-二甲基乙基)二甲基硅基]-2′-氟-4′-C-乙炔基-5′-O-[(1,1- 二甲基乙基)二苯基硅基]-β-D-阿拉伯呋喃糖基)胞嘧啶(19)
化合物18(4.00g,6.42mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(200mL),加入1,2,4-三氮唑 (4.88g,70.6mmol)和吡啶(5.7mL,70.6mmol)。冷至0℃后,搅拌加入三氯氧磷(3.34mL,32.1mmol),继续0℃搅拌反应2小时,然后升至室温搅拌过夜。加入水终止反应,二氯甲烷(200mL×2)萃取,合并有机相,无水Na2SO4干燥。蒸干溶剂后的剩余物溶于四氢呋喃(300mL),加入饱和氨水(33%,300 mL),室温搅拌1小时后蒸干溶剂,剩余物用柱层析色谱(乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:3~1:1)梯度洗脱分离得到化合物19(糖浆状,2.62g,65.6%)。1H NMR(300 MHz,CDCl3):δ7.64-7.70(4H,m),7.53(1H,dd,J=7.32,1.10Hz),7.37-7.45(6H, m),6.50(1H,dd,J=13.76,4.76Hz),5.43(1H,d,J=7.32Hz),5.17(1H,ddd,J=53.79,4.76,3.66Hz),4.72(1H,dd,J=23.42,3.66Hz),3.89(2H,m),2.51(1H,s), 1.10(9H,s),0.91(9H,s),0.14(3H,s),0.12(3H,s).
12、1-(2′-脱氧-4′-C-乙炔基-2′-氟-β-D-阿拉伯呋喃糖基)胞嘧啶(1-a”)
化合物19(2.32g,3.73mmol)溶于甲醇(100mL),加入氟化铵(2.76g,74.6 mmol)回流反应5小时。蒸干溶剂的剩余物用柱层析色谱(2~10%的甲醇:二氯甲烷)梯度洗脱分离得到化合物1-a”(糖浆状,0.92g,91.7%),熔点141-145℃。1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ7.80(1H,dd,J=1.10,7.68Hz),6.36(1H,dd,J=5.12, 11.71Hz),5.92(1H,d,J=7.68Hz),5.20(1H,dt,J=5.12,54.16Hz),4.46(1H,dd,J=5.12,24.52Hz),3.81(2H,m),3.17(1H,s);13CNMR(75MHz,CD3OD):δ64.5,75.4, 79.7,79.9,82.1,83.9,95.9,97.0,143.4,158.0,167.8.HRMS(ESI)m/z:C11H12FN3O4计算值:292.0710[M+Na]+;测量值:292.0698[M+Na]+.
13、(S)-2'-脱氧-2'-β-氟-3'-羟基-4′-C-乙炔基-5'-L-丙氨酸异丙基(苯氧基)磷酰基尿苷(1-b')
称取尿苷1-a'(138mg,0.51mmol)于圆底烧瓶中,加入五氟苯酚磷酸酯苯氧中间体(278mg,0.612mmol),混合物在旋蒸50℃下进一步干燥30分钟。冷却后将其溶于无水四氢呋喃(10mL)中,抽真空N2保护。在0℃条件下,向上述溶液中缓慢滴加叔丁基氯化镁(1M inTHF,1.07mL,1.07mmol)。加毕 10分钟后,移至室温搅拌12小时(TLC检测原料反应完全)。加入饱和NH4Cl溶液(10mL)淬灭反应,乙酸乙酯(20mL×3)萃取,合并有机相,无水Na2SO4干燥,有机相浓缩后残余物通过柱层析色谱(先用乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:2,再用甲醇:二氯甲烷=1:20)洗脱分离得到产物1-b'(白色固体;收率:49%)。1H NMR (CDCl3,400MHz):δ10.10(1H,s),7.40(1H,dd,J=8.4,1.6Hz),7.32(2H,t, J=8.4Hz),7.23–7.16(3H,m),6.41(1H,dd,J=13.2,5.2Hz),5.69(1H,dd,J=8.0,2.0Hz),5.22(1H,dt,J=53.2,4.4Hz),5.04–4.96(2H,m),4.62 (1H,dd,J=12.0,10.0Hz),4.50(1H,dt,J=24.0,4.4Hz),4.41–4.33(2H,m),4.00–3.90(1H,m),2.78(1H,s),1.36(3H,d,J=7.2Hz),1.23(6H,d, J=6.4Hz);13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz):δ173.3,163.7.150.41,150.35,141.1. 129.9,125.4,120.1,102.4,94.6,81.9,79.8,79.4,76.7,75.1,69.8,66.4,50.4,21.8,21.7,20.8;HRMS(ESI)m/z:C23H28FN3O9P计算值:540.1542[M+ H]+,测量值:540.1568[M+H]+.
14、(S)-2'-脱氧-2'-β-氟-3'-羟基-4′-C-乙炔基-5'-L-丙氨酸异丙基(苯氧基)磷酰基胞苷(1-b”)
称取胞苷1-a”(137mg,0.51mmol)于圆底烧瓶中,加入五氟苯酚磷酸酯苯氧中间体(278mg,0.612mmol),混合物在旋蒸50℃下进一步干燥30分钟。冷却后将其溶于无水四氢呋喃(10mL)中,抽真空N2保护。在0℃条件下,向上述溶液中缓慢滴加叔丁基氯化镁(1M inTHF,1.07mL,1.07mmol)。加毕 10分钟后,移至室温搅拌10小时(TLC检测原料反应完全)。加入饱和NH4Cl溶液(10mL)淬灭反应,乙酸乙酯(20mL×3)萃取,合并有机相,无水Na2SO4干燥,有机相浓缩后残余物通过柱层析色谱(先用乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:2,再用甲醇:二氯甲烷=1:20)洗脱分离得到产物1-b”(白色固体;收率:32%)。1H NMR(CD3OD,400MHz):δ7.57(dd,J=7.6,1.6Hz,1H),7.39(t,J=8.4 Hz,2H),7.30–7.28(m,2H),7.25–7.21(m,1H),6.39(dd,J=14.4,4.8Hz,1H),5.85(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),5.19(dt,J=53.2,4.4Hz,1H), 5.05–4.95(m,1H),4.46–4.31(m,3H),4.00–3.92(m,1H),3.33(s,1H, 部分与甲醇峰重叠),1.38(dd,J=7.2,0.8Hz,3H),1.25(dd,J=6.4,0.8 Hz,6H);13C NMR(CD3OD,100MHz):δ174.3,167.6,157.7,152.0,143.2, 130.9,126.3,121.4,96.5,96.0,84.3,80.9,80.8,78.0,76.3,70.2,68.0,51.6,22.0,21.9,20.5;HRMS(ESI)m/z:C23H29FN4O8P计算值:539.1702[M+ H]+,测量值:539.1706[M+H]+.
二、新冠病毒主蛋白酶(Mpro)与1-a'单磷酸复合物活性小分子的结构测定
为了更准确的确定结合的小分子的化学组成及性质,本申请尝试通过晶体结构解析的方法来确定小分子的化学组成及性质。通过蛋白的大量纯化及晶体筛选,获得了Mpro与1-a'单磷酸的晶体生长,解析了其复合物晶体结构(图1)。
本发明优点:对该类化合物进行体外抗冠病毒活性和细胞毒性测试,经过试验验证该嘧啶核苷类药物具有很好的抗冠病毒活性,将其用于制备预防或治疗冠状病毒药物,(特别是新冠病毒(SARS-CoV-2)感染性疾病药物中,具有很好的开发前景。
附图说明
图1为Mpro与本发明化合物1-a'单磷酸复合物的晶体结构。
具体实施方式
为对本发明进行更好地说明,举实施例如下:
实施例1.化合物I-a'、I-a”、I-b'、I-b”体外抗冠病毒活性和细胞毒性的测试
(一)实验目的
为研究化合物在体外抗冠状病毒的药效,拟用细胞病变效应(CPE)实验测定其对H460细胞的细胞毒性(CC50),以及对冠状病毒HCoV-OC43的半数抑制浓度(IC50)。采用利巴韦林(RBV)作为阳性对照药物。
(二)实验材料与试剂
1.供试品名称:化合物I-a'、I-a”、I-b'、I-b”,本品为白色至淡黄色固体。密封,在阴凉处保存。
2.阳性对照药
阳性对照药:利巴韦林注射液购自天津金耀集团湖北天药药业股份有限公司,批号为31712252,规格为100mg/ml,用时稀释至所需浓度,4℃冰箱保存。
3.细胞:传代人肺癌细胞H460细胞均为本室传代保存,在含质量百分比10%胎牛血清(inactivated fetal bovine serum)和质量百分比1%双抗(青霉素和链霉素)的DMEM培养基中,37℃,体积百分比5%CO2培养箱中培养。2-3天传代一次。
4.毒株:HCoV-OC43于HCT-8细胞中传代,保存于-80℃冰箱。
5.试剂:DMEM液体培养基、胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum)、青霉素和链霉素溶液(penicillin-streptomycin)、PBS(pH=7.4)和0.25%Trypsin-EDTA均购自Invitrogen公司。
6.实验用品及仪器:细胞培养瓶、96孔培养板和移液管为美国Corning公司产品;二氧化碳孵箱(Model 3111)为美国Thermo公司产品;生物安全柜为美国 NUAIRE公司产品;倒置显微镜,奥林巴斯公司产品;真空泵为INTEGRA Biosciences公司产品;12道移液器和单道移液器为Eppendorf产品。
(三)实验步骤
1.细胞培养
在长满H460细胞的培养瓶内加质量百分比0.25%Trypsin-EDTA3ml,37℃消化1~2分钟,弃消化液,加培养液吹打,1:3传代,2-3天传代一次,种板时配制成每毫升15万个细胞,接种96孔细胞培养板,每孔0.1ml,37℃,体积百分比5%CO2培养过夜,细胞长成单层后进行实验。
2.CPE法测定药物对细胞毒性
H460细胞按1.5×104个/孔接种于96孔板中,过夜培养后加入含待测药物的维持液,待测药物以三倍稀释8个剂量的样品进行实验,继续培养。给药3天后倒置显微镜下测药物对细胞的毒性(CPE法),并用Reed-Muench法计算半数有毒浓度TC50,计算公式如下:
其中:A=累积抑制率<50%的药物浓度,B=累积抑制率>50%的抑制率,C=累积抑制率<50%的抑制率,D=log稀释倍数
3.抗HCoV-OC43的活性测定(CPE法)
实验在传代H460细胞中进行,细胞以1.5×104个/孔接种于96孔板中,过夜培养后将100TCID50 HCoV-OC43病毒液感染96孔板内细胞,待测药物用培养液稀释,于感染同时给药进行测定,待测药物以三倍稀释8个剂量的样品进行实验,每个剂量设2个平行孔,待病毒对照组病变达4+号时观察结果,记录并用 Reed-Muench法计算药物对病毒的半数抑制浓度(公式如下)及选择指数(SI=CC50/ IC50)。
其中:A=累积抑制率<50%的药物浓度,B=累积抑制率>50%的抑制率,C=累积抑制率<50%的抑制率,D=log稀释倍数
(四)实验结果计算
1.化合物I-a'、I-a”、I-b'、I-b”在H460细胞中毒性及对HCoV-OC43毒株的抑制作用
在H460细胞中,CPE法测定化合物I-a'、I-a”、I-b'、I-b”的CC50为>100μM,其对HCoV-OC43的IC50为0.3μM、0.01μM、0.5μM、0.03μM;阳性对照药RBV 半数有毒浓度CC50为>0.38±0.06μM,阳性药RBV抗HCoV-OC43活性与文献的结果相当,说明实验系统成立。
结果表明,化合物1-a、1-a'、1-b、1-b'对HCoV-OC43具有明显的抑制活性。实施例2.化合物I-a'、I-a”、I-b'、I-b”体外抗新冠病毒SARS-CoV-2(COVID-19) 活性和细胞毒性的测试
(一)实验目的
评价化合物I-a'、I-a”、I-b'、I-b”在细胞水平对SARS-CoV-2(COVID-19)的抑制效果。
(二)实验材料与试剂
1、药物和样品
待测化合物I-a'、I-a”、I-b'、I-b”和对照化合物瑞德西韦(Remdesivir)化合物。I-a'、I-a”、I-b'、I-b”储存液溶解于DMSO,终浓度为50mM,4℃保存。工作液用含质量百分比3%FBS的DMEM培养基稀释,现用现配。
2、试剂和溶液
(1)试剂
DMEM高糖培养基、Penicillin-Streptomycin、和胎牛血清购自ThermoFisherScientific;CCK8检测试剂盒购自上海碧云天生物技术有限公司。High pure Viral RNAKit购自Roche公司;定量PCR实验采用 Probe One-Step qRT-PCR Kit购自TOYOBO公司;病毒N基因标准品购自中国计量科学研究院提供的新型冠状病毒核酸标准物质;引物和探针购自宝日医生物技术有限公司,N-F:5’GGGGAACTTCTCCTGCTAGAAT 3’;N-R:5’CAGACATTTTGCTCTCAAGCTG3’;Probe:5’TTGCTGCTGCTTGACAGATT 3’。
(2)培养基
DMEM高糖培养基,含有质量百分比10%灭活胎牛血清(FBS),100IU/ml青霉素,100μg/ml链霉素。
3、细胞和病毒
细胞:HPAEpiC,以含质量百分比10%胎牛血清的DMEM高糖完全培养基进行培养。在实验前1天将细胞传代一次,使所用细胞处于对数生长期。
病毒:SARS-CoV-2,Vero E6细胞内扩增,收取培养液,0.22μm滤膜过滤,0.5mL/ 支分装,-80℃保存。
4、化合物对HPAEpiC细胞的毒性实验
在4个96孔板内,分别放2×104个/孔接种HPAEpiC细胞,37℃,体积百分比5% CO2培养过夜,待单层细胞长至70%左右时,加入不同浓度的待测化合物I-a'、I-a”、 I-b'、I-b”,100μl/孔,设3个重复孔。同时设置不含药物的对照孔。37℃,体积百分比5%CO2培养72h,采用CCK8试剂盒检测细胞存活率。Bio-Tek Synergy 2多功能微孔板检测仪测定OD值,测定波长为450nm,参考波长为630nm。计算CC50值(50% Cytotoxic Concentration),即对50%的HPAEpiC产生毒性时的化合物浓度。
5、化合物对SARS-CoV-2在HPAEpiC细胞中复制的抑制实验
在4个48孔板中接种HPAEpiC细胞,分别放8×105细胞/ml,200μL/孔,37℃,体积百分比5%CO2培养过夜;P3实验室内同步分别加入不同浓度的化合物I-a'、I-a”、 I-b'、I-b”(设6个浓度梯度,每个梯度2个重复孔)和病毒(MOI=0.1)感染,1小时后将病毒感染上清吸走,PBS洗细胞3次以便去除游离病毒,再次分别加入化合物I-a'、 I-a”、I-b'、I-b”,300μL/孔,同时设置感染病毒但不含化合物的对照、不感染病毒不含化合物的阴性对照,37℃,体积百分比5%CO2培养;48h后,收集细胞上清液用于提取病毒RNA,用于Real-time PCR病毒定量。计算化合物对病毒复制的抑制率和IC50。
6、计算公式
根据实验结果,采用graph pad7.0绘制剂量反应拟合曲线(Normalizedresponse--Variable slope方式),计算出样品抑制病毒的IC50和抑制细胞生长浓度CC50,治疗指数TI值(Therapeutic index)为:TI=CC50/IC50
7、实验结果
表1.化合物I-a'、I-a”、I-b'、I-b”抑制新冠病毒SARS-CoV-2活性
受试药物 | IC50(μM) | CC50(μM) | TI |
1-a' | 1.08 | >200 | >185 |
1-a” | 0.73 | >200 | >273 |
1-b' | 1.60 | >200 | >125 |
1-b” | 0.98 | >200 | >204 |
瑞德西韦 | 0.90 | >200 | >222 |
结论:根据表1结果,化合物I-a'、I-a”、I-b'、I-b”抑制50%新冠病毒所需要的浓度是1.08、0.73、1.60、0.98μM,而阳性对照瑞德西韦需要0.90μM,因此,化合物I-a'、I-a”、I-b'、I-b”及其类似物具有预防或治疗冠状病毒感染性疾病的效果。
序 列 表
< 110> 常晓宇
<120> 嘧啶核苷类药物的在制备预防或治疗冠状病毒感染性疾病药物中的用途
<160> 3
<210>1
<211>12
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<221>上游引物
<400> 1
ggggaacttc tcctgctaga at 12
<210>2
<211>11
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<221>下游引物
<400>2
cagacatttt gctctaagct g 11
<210>3
<211>10
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<221> 探针
<400>3
ttgctgctgc ttgacagatt 10
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