CN114287333B - Water planting method of gynostemma pentaphylla - Google Patents
Water planting method of gynostemma pentaphylla Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water planting method of gynostemma pentaphylla, which uses Japanese garden test nutrient solution with the pH value of 6.0-7.0, japanese leaf vegetable A nutrient solution with the pH value of 6.0-8.0 or Japanese mountain wasaki nutrient solution with the pH value of 7.0-8.0 to carry out water planting on gynostemma pentaphylla seedlings in an environment with the constant temperature or variable temperature of 20-30 ℃, the relative humidity of 60-80 percent, the photoperiod of 8-14 h per day and the illumination intensity of 20-200 lux to obtain gynostemma pentaphylla plants. The water planting method of the invention has simple and convenient operation, safety and easy implementation, and realizes safe and efficient production of gynostemma pentaphylla.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gynostemma pentaphylla cultivation. More specifically, the invention relates to a water planting method of gynostemma pentaphylla.
Background
Gynostemma Gynostemma pentaphyllum (thunder.) Makino is a perennial grass climbing plant of Gynostemma (Gynostemma) of Cucurbitaceae (Cucurbitaceae), and is mainly distributed in southern Shaanxi and southern Yangtze provinces of China. Gynostemma pentaphylla is loved in the shade and is not resistant to strong light, and is often cultivated in a shade-damp environment and on loose and fertile humus soil. Guangxi is one of the main producing areas of gynostemma pentaphylla, and is mainly produced in Jin Xiu, jinxi, napo, longlin and other places. Gynostemma pentaphylla is one of plants containing ginsenoside besides Panax and enjoys the reputation of "southern ginseng". Modern pharmacological researches have shown that gynostemma pentaphylla contains various ginsenosides and has the effects of resisting tumor, resisting inflammation, enhancing immunity, protecting liver, reducing cardiovascular disease risk, resisting atherosclerosis and the like. In recent years, the gynostemma pentaphylla is widely applied to the fields of medicine and health care as an important raw material of traditional Chinese medicines and health care products, has wide market development prospect and has huge application value. With the increasing exhaustion of wild gynostemma pentaphylla resources, artificial introduction and cultivation of gynostemma pentaphylla have become a necessary trend in order to meet the increasing market demands. However, in the production process of gynostemma pentaphylla, problems of unstable medicinal material quality, excessive heavy metal content and the like occur due to factors such as soil irrigation, fertilization, pesticide use and the like, and the quality and the medication safety of gynostemma pentaphylla medicinal materials are seriously affected. As a soilless culture, the water culture has the advantages of short period, high yield, good quality, land and water saving, fertilizer saving, labor saving, less plant diseases and insect pests, no continuous cropping obstacle and the like, can also effectively avoid heavy metal pollution, is beneficial to organic planting of Chinese medicinal materials, and is widely applied to the production of Chinese medicinal materials such as dandelion, motherwort, cordate houttuynia, balloonflower root, ginseng and the like at present, so that the water culture becomes one of important technical means for the production of Chinese medicinal materials in recent years. The prior art does not see reports about the water culture research of gynostemma pentaphylla, and a water culture method of gynostemma pentaphylla, which is easy and convenient to operate, safe and feasible, is needed to be researched, so that the safe and efficient production of gynostemma pentaphylla is realized, and the demands of gynostemma pentaphylla production or management units are met.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages to be described later.
The invention also aims to provide a water planting method of gynostemma pentaphylla, which is researched and obtained, is simple and convenient to operate, is safe and feasible, and realizes safe and efficient production of gynostemma pentaphylla.
To achieve these objects and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, there is provided a water culture method of gynostemma pentaphylla using a Japanese garden nutrient solution having a pH of 6.0 to 7.0, or a leaf vegetable A nutrient solution of agricultural university of south China having a pH of 6.0 to 8.0, or a Japanese mountain wasaki nutrient solution having a pH of 7.0 to 8.0, under constant or varying temperatures of 20 to 30 ℃, a relative humidity of 60 to 80%, and a photoperiod of 8 to 14 hours per day, and water culturing gynostemma pentaphylla seedlings in an environment having an illumination intensity of 20 to 200lux to obtain gynostemma pentaphylla plants.
Preferably, the nutrient solution is one of a Japanese garden nutrient solution with a pH value of 6.0, a leaf vegetable A nutrient solution with a pH value of 7.0 of the agricultural university of south China, or a Japanese mountain Kawasaki nutrient solution with a pH value of 7.0.
Preferably, the light period is 10-14 h of illumination per day, and the illumination intensity is 100-200 lux.
Preferably, the photoperiod is one of 10h light/14 h darkness per day, or 12h light/12 h darkness per day.
Preferably, the temperature change is set to 20 ℃ in darkness and 30 ℃ in illumination.
Preferably, the nutrient solution is a Japanese garden nutrient solution with a pH value of 6.0, the photoperiod is 12 hours of illumination per day/12 hours of darkness, and the illumination intensity is 100lux.
Preferably, the method also comprises the step of selecting the gynostemma pentaphylla seedlings, wherein the number of the true leaves of the gynostemma pentaphylla seedlings is 3-5, the leaves are dark green, the root system is developed, and the gynostemma pentaphylla seedlings are free of plant diseases and insect pests.
Preferably, the method also comprises nutrient solution management and ventilation management, wherein the water level of the nutrient solution is more than or equal to 10cm, the change condition of the water level and the pH value of the nutrient solution is checked every 2 days, the nutrient solution is timely supplemented, the pH value is regulated to 6.0 by using NaOH or HCl, ventilation and oxygen supply are carried out on the nutrient solution for 2-3 times every day, and the nutrient solution is replaced every 7 days every 4 hours.
Preferably, the method also comprises harvesting, wherein the height of the gynostemma pentaphylla plant seedling obtained by water culture is not less than 15cm, and the fresh weight of a single plant is not less than 3g.
Preferably, the upper part of the plant seedling is cut during harvesting, for example, 2/3-5/6 of the height of the plant seedling is cut, 2-3 sections of mother plants are left for culturing lateral buds, and secondary harvesting can be performed when the height of the seedling grown by the lateral buds is not less than 15 cm;
the lateral bud culture method is the same as the mother plant water culture method, and simultaneously comprises the following operations: removing redundant leaves, spraying indoleacetic acid with the concentration of 45-50 mg/L when lateral buds grow to 0.5-1.0 cm long, keeping the branches moist for 2-3h, and then bending the mother plant to enable the nodes to contact with nutrient solution, wherein the lateral buds are exposed out of the nutrient solution level for secondary water culture.
Preferably, the first plant is obtained by water planting gynostemma pentaphylla seedling, and the lateral bud of the mother plant after the first plant is harvestedThe second plant is obtained by water planting, and each liter of nutrient solution comprises the following components: ca (NO) 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O 945mg、KNO 3 809mg、MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 493mg、NH 4 H 2 PO 4 153mg、EDTA-NaFe 30.0mg、H 3 BO 3 2.86mg、MnSO 4 ·4H 2 O 2.13mg、ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.66-1.10mg、CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O 0.24-0.40mg、(NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 ·4H 2 0.02mg of O, 20-30g of coarse pore silica gel and 50-80g of zeolite; the pH value of the nutrient solution is 6.0.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
firstly, the invention selects nutrient solution and pH value suitable for water planting of gynostemma pentaphylla, the selected illumination intensity, photoperiod, temperature and humidity accord with the water planting growth of gynostemma pentaphylla, the average value of the fresh weight and dry weight of each gynostemma pentaphylla in water planting 30d can reach 4790mg and 322mg respectively, the total saponin content is up to 5.26%, and the total saponin content of each gynostemma pentaphylla is up to 16.96mg, thereby realizing the safe and efficient production of gynostemma pentaphylla.
Secondly, the invention realizes multiple harvesting by carrying out secondary water planting on the harvested mother plant. And the growth vigor of the lateral bud seedlings is improved by promoting rooting of the nodes of the lateral buds of the second water planting, the average value of the fresh weight and the dry weight of each gynostemma pentaphylla plant for 30d in the second water planting can reach 4619mg and 310mg respectively, and the simultaneous growth of the two lateral buds into plants can be realized by adding most of mother plants, so that the production efficiency is greatly improved.
Thirdly, zeolite and coarse pore silica gel are added into the nutrient solution, and ZnSO in trace elements is added 4 ·7H 2 O、CuSO 4 ·5H 2 The content of O in the nutrient solution is increased by 3-5 times, so that waste generated by the gynostemma pentaphylla root system can be purified, and the nutrient solution has a bacteriostatic effect, is beneficial to the growth of the gynostemma pentaphylla root system and promotes the accumulation of gynostemma pentaphylla biomass.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a bar graph of gynostemma pentaphylla root system activity under different nutrient solution culture conditions;
FIG. 2 is a bar chart showing total saponins content of dry samples of Gynostemma pentaphyllum under different nutrient solution culture conditions;
FIG. 3 is a bar chart of total saponins of gynostemma pentaphylla single plant under different nutrient solution culture conditions;
FIG. 4 is a bar graph of total saponins of dry samples of Gynostemma pentaphyllum with different photoperiod;
FIG. 5 is a bar graph of total saponins of individual plants of Gynostemma Pentaphyllum under different photoperiod;
FIG. 6 is a bar graph of total saponins of dry samples of Gynostemma pentaphyllum with different illumination intensities;
FIG. 7 is a bar graph of total saponins of individual gynostemma pentaphylla plant under different illumination intensities;
FIG. 8 is a bar graph of total saponins of dry samples of Gynostemma pentaphyllum under different temperature conditions;
FIG. 9 is a bar chart of total saponins of Gynostemma Pentaphyllum under different temperature conditions;
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to examples to enable those skilled in the art to practice the same by referring to the description.
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to examples to enable those skilled in the art to practice the same by referring to the description.
It will be understood that terms, such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
The experimental methods described in the following embodiments are conventional methods unless otherwise indicated, and the reagents and materials are commercially available.
Example 1 ]
A water planting method of gynostemma pentaphylla, comprising:
transplanting seedlings: selecting gynostemma pentaphylla seedlings with 3-4 true leaves, dark green leaves, developed root systems and no plant diseases and insect pests, and transplanting the gynostemma pentaphylla seedlings to a water culture seedbed for field planting;
and (3) selecting a nutrient solution of the water culture seedbed: a Japanese garden test nutrient solution with the pH value of 6.0 is used;
post-planting management: the temperature condition is constant at 25 ℃, the illumination intensity is 20lux, the photoperiod is 8h illumination/16 h darkness every day, and the relative humidity is 60-80%;
and (3) nutrient solution management: the water level of the nutrient solution is more than or equal to 10cm, so that the root system can be contacted with the nutrient solution in the water planting process, the change condition of the water level and the pH value of the nutrient solution is checked every 2 days, the nutrient solution is timely supplemented, the pH value is adjusted to the pH value required by the nutrient solution by using NaOH or HCl, the pH value reached by the implementation is adjusted to be 6.0 as required, and the nutrient solution is replaced every 7 days;
ventilation management: aerating and supplying oxygen to the nutrient solution for 2 times per day for 4 hours each time;
other examples and comparative examples of nutrient aspects > the following profile:
the method for hydroponic cultivation of gynostemma pentaphylla is basically the same as that of example 1, the only difference is that the selected nutrient solution or pH is different, the nutrient solution comprises 4 common hydroponic nutrient solutions of modified Hoagland, japanese mountain wasaki, japanese garden test and leaf vegetable A of agricultural university of south China, and the pH value of each nutrient solution is adjusted by using NaOH or HCl. The method comprises the following steps of: clear water (CK); hoagland nutrient solution (H6) with pH value of 6.0; hoagland nutrient solution (H7) with pH value of 7.0; hoagland nutrient solution (H8) with pH value of 8.0; a Japanese mountain (mountain 6) nutrient solution having a pH of 6.0; a Japanese mountain (mountain 7) nutrient solution having a pH of 7.0; a Japanese mountain (mountain 8) nutrient solution having a pH value of 8.0; japanese garden test nutrient solution (garden 7) with pH value of 7.0; japanese garden test nutrient solution (garden 8) with pH value of 8.0; leaf vegetable A nutrient solution (A6) with pH value of 6.0 at the agricultural university of south China; leaf vegetable A nutrient solution (A7) with pH value of 7.0 at the agricultural university of south China; leaf vegetable A nutrient solution (A8) with pH value of 8.0 at the agricultural university of south China; in addition to the Japanese garden nutrient solution (garden 6) of example 1 having a pH of 6.0, a total of 13 hydroponics treatments were set up in the experiment. With clear water as Control (CK), 3 replicates per treatment and 25 plants per replicate. After 30d of water culture, the survival condition of the gynostemma pentaphylla plants is observed and related indexes are measured, and the results are shown in tables 1, 2, 3 and 4, and fig. 1, 2 and 3.
TABLE 1 statistics of growth of gynostemma pentaphyllum under different nutrient solution culture conditions
As can be seen from Table 1, the growth of gynostemma pentaphylla under different nutrient solution culture conditions is obviously different. After water planting for 30 days, the gynostemma pentaphylla plants cultured by the nutrient solution of mountain 7, garden 6 and A7 grow well, and death and leaf withering phenomenon do not occur after the culture. And secondly, H7, mountain 8, A6 and A8 nutrient solution, the gynostemma pentaphylla plant does not die after being cultured, and only part of the plant leaves have withered and yellow or wilted phenomenon. When the nutrient solution of H6, H8, mountain 6, garden 7 or garden 8 is used for culturing, the gynostemma pentaphylla plant dies, wherein the number of dead plants of the plant after the culture of the H8 nutrient solution is the largest, and the death rate reaches 24%; after H8 and mountain 6 cultures, multiple plants appeared with leaf withering or wilting. Therefore, the selection of the nutrient solution and the proper pH value is important for the hydroponic production of the gynostemma pentaphylla.
TABLE 2 determination of growth indicators of gynostemma pentaphyllum under different nutrient solution culture conditions
( And (3) injection: the same lowercase letters in the same column represent no significant differences, and the different letters represent significant differences, with a significance test level of 0.05. The following is the same. )
As is clear from Table 2, the nutrient solution treatment has an accelerating effect on the elongation of the stems of Gynostemma pentaphylla. Among them, the average plant height of gynostemma pentaphylla treated in garden 6 is up to 22.03cm, and the difference is significant compared with other treatments.
TABLE 3 observation of leaf growth of gynostemma pentaphylla under different nutrient solution culture conditions
From Table 3, it is clear that the rest of the nutrient solutions, except H6, H8 and mountain 6, significantly promote the growth of gynostemma pentaphylla leaves. Wherein, the gynostemma pentaphylla leaves treated by A7 are longest, and the average value is 4.98cm; a6 and H7 times. The blade of gynostemma pentaphylla processed by mountain 7 is the widest, and the average value is 6.35cm; h7 and garden 7 times. The number of leaves after treatment with different nutrient solutions also has obvious difference. The number of leaves of the water-cultured gynostemma pentaphylla treated by the nutrient solution of the garden 6 and the nutrient solution A7 is the largest, and the mountain 8 and the garden 7 times.
TABLE 4 weight determination of gynostemma pentaphylla under different nutrient solution culture conditions
As can be seen from Table 4, the remaining nutrient solutions, except H6, H8 and mountain 6, significantly increased the fresh weight and dry weight of gynostemma pentaphylla as compared to the control. Wherein, the fresh weight and dry weight of the gynostemma pentaphylla single plant treated by the garden 6 nutrient solution are the largest, and the average value is 1849.63mg and 136.97mg respectively.
Under different nutrient solution culture conditions, the root system activity of the gynostemma pentaphylla is obviously different (shown in figure 1). Wherein, the activity of the gynostemma pentaphylla root system cultivated in the garden 6 is highest, and the reduction strength of tetrazole reaches 139.06 mg/(g.h).
On the basis of sample repeatability test and sample recovery test, the total saponin content of the dry gynostemma pentaphylla sample under different nutrient solution culture conditions is measured. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the total saponins of Gynostemma Pentaphyllum have a large difference after culture in nutrient solution. The total saponin content of the control group is only 1.73%, and the total saponin content of the gynostemma pentaphylla after the treatment of H6, H7 and garden 6 exceeds 2%, wherein the total saponin content treated by H7 is the highest and is 2.4%. The total saponin amount of the gynostemma pentaphylla single plant is calculated because the dry weights of the gynostemma pentaphylla single plant are obviously different after the gynostemma pentaphylla single plant is treated by different nutrient solutions. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the total saponins of the individual gynostemma pentaphylla after garden 6 treatment is the highest, reaching 3.03mg, which is significantly higher than other treatments.
Correlation analysis is carried out on each measurement index, and the fact that the total saponin amount of the gynostemma pentaphylla single plant is highly and positively correlated with plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf number, single plant fresh weight and single plant dry weight (correlation coefficient is larger than 0.9 and p is smaller than 0.01) is found. Therefore, the cultivation of high biomass plants in the process of gynostemma pentaphylla water planting is a key to obtaining plants with high active ingredients. Through comprehensive analysis, the Japanese garden test nutrient solution with the pH value of 6.0 is considered to be the optimal nutrient solution for the hydroponic production of gynostemma pentaphylla, and the growth of gynostemma pentaphylla and the accumulation of main active substances can be promoted.
< embodiment of different photoperiod > the profile is as follows:
the method of water planting of gynostemma pentaphylla is basically the same as that of example 1, the only difference is that the selected illumination intensity is 100lux, and the selected photoperiod is respectively: the culture was performed in 10h light/14 h dark, 12h light/12 h dark, 14h light/10 h dark, 3 biological replicates were set per treatment, 25 plants per replicate were subjected to water culture for 30d, and the results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 growth indicators of gynostemma pentaphylla under different photoperiod conditions
As can be seen from Table 5, referring to the experimental data of garden 6 in Table 2-Table 4, when the photoperiod is 8h light/16 h dark per day and the light intensity is 20lux, the gynostemma pentaphylla plant height and stem thickness are higher, but the root length, leaf width, leaf number, fresh weight and dry weight of each plant are significantly lower than those of other photoperiod treatments. The three treatments of 10h light/14 h dark, 12h light/12 h dark, 14h light/10 h dark have no significant differences in plant height, stem thickness, root length, leaf width, leaf number, fresh weight of individual plant and dry weight of individual plant. The total saponin content of the gynostemma pentaphylla dry sample is measured, and the average value of the total saponin content of 8h light/16 h dark treatment is found to be 2.3%; the average total saponin content in the dried gynostemma pentaphylla samples with photoperiod of 10h light/14 h dark, 12h light/12 h dark and 14h light/10 h dark per day is more than 4.0%, and no significant difference exists between the treatments (see fig. 4 and 5). Therefore, the proper photoperiod in the water planting growth process of the gynostemma pentaphylla is 10-14 h of illumination and 10-14 h of darkness.
< examples of different illumination intensities > the profile is as follows:
the water culture method of gynostemma pentaphylla is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the only difference is that under the condition that the selected photoperiod is 12h illumination/12 h darkness every day, the illumination intensities are respectively weak light: 20lux; and (3) medium light: 100lux; strong light: 200lux. The water culture treatment was performed, 3 biological replicates were set for each treatment, and the growth index of gynostemma pentaphylla was measured after 30d of water culture for 25 plants per replicate, and the results are shown in table 6, fig. 6 and fig. 7.
TABLE 6 growth indicators of gynostemma pentaphylla under different illumination intensities
The data in Table 6 are obtained from the 12h light/12 dark treatment experiments in Table 5, and it is clear from Table 6 that different light intensities have a significant effect on the growth of gynostemma pentaphylla. Under the conditions of weak light and medium light, the gynostemma pentaphylla plant height is higher, and the gynostemma pentaphylla plant height have no obvious difference. However, the medium light treatment is highest from the viewpoints of stem thickness, root length, leaf width, leaf number, fresh weight of a single plant and dry weight of the single plant, which indicates that the medium light intensity condition is more suitable for water culture of gynostemma pentaphylla.
There were no significant differences in the weak, medium and strong light treatments from the total saponin content of the dry samples (see figure 6). The highest treatment with neutral light was seen from the total saponins per plant (see fig. 7). And integrating the growth and development of gynostemma pentaphylla and the accumulation of active ingredients, and considering 100lux as the optimal illumination intensity of the hydroponic gynostemma pentaphylla.
Examples and comparative examples at different temperatures the following profile is given:
the method for hydroponic cultivation of gynostemma pentaphylla is basically the same as that of example 1, except that the selected photoperiod is 12h light/12 h dark per day, the light intensity is 100lux, the different temperatures are selected from constant temperature treatments of 15 ℃,20 ℃, 25 ℃ and 30 ℃ and variable temperature treatments of 15/25 ℃ and 20/30 ℃ (the variable temperature is a temperature with low setting for darkness, the high setting for light, and the transition period between darkness and light is gradually changed). The water culture treatment was performed, 3 biological replicates were set for each treatment, and the growth index of gynostemma pentaphylla was measured after 30d of water culture for 25 plants per replicate, and the results are shown in table 7, fig. 8 and fig. 9.
TABLE 7 determination of growth indicators of gynostemma pentaphyllum at different temperatures
As can be seen from Table 7, the temperature has a significant effect on the growth of gynostemma pentaphylla. In the constant temperature treatment (15 ℃,20 ℃, 25 ℃ and 30 ℃), the plant height, the individual fresh weight and the individual dry weight of the gynostemma pentaphylla treated at 25 ℃ and 30 ℃ are higher. In the temperature changing treatment, the plant height, root length, leaf number, fresh weight and dry weight of the gynostemma pentaphylla subjected to the temperature changing treatment at 20/30 ℃ are all obviously higher than those of the gynostemma pentaphylla subjected to the temperature changing treatment at 15/25 ℃. Comprehensively analyzing the growth condition of the gynostemma pentaphylla under different temperature conditions, and optimally treating the gynostemma pentaphylla at a variable temperature of 20/30 ℃.
The total saponins content of the dry samples was higher at 20 ℃, 25 ℃, 30 ℃, 15/25 ℃ and 20/30 ℃, with the highest 20/30 ℃ treatment and an average value of 5.26% (see fig. 8). The highest treatment at 20/30℃averaged 16.96mg (see FIG. 9) for the total saponins per plant. The optimal temperature of the water culture of the gynostemma pentaphylla is considered to be 20/30 ℃ by combining the growth condition and the accumulation condition of the active ingredients of the gynostemma pentaphylla.
According to the observation, the consumption of nutrient solution and the change of pH in the water planting process of gynostemma pentaphylla are recorded as shown in table 8. As can be seen from Table 8, the method of the invention checks the water level and pH value of the nutrient solution once every 2d, supplements the nutrient solution in time and adjusts the pH value, so that the nutrient solution conditions can meet the requirements of the hydroponic growth of gynostemma pentaphylla.
TABLE 8 consumption of nutrient solution and pH Change during Gynostemma Pentaphyllum Water culture
In production, the total saponin content of the gynostemma pentaphylla in different producing areas has obvious difference, so that the control of the quality of medicinal materials is not unified. The standards of traditional Chinese medicine in Shandong province (2002 edition and 2012 edition) and Hubei province (2009 edition) prescribe that the total saponin content of gynostemma pentaphylla is 2.0% and 0.18% respectively, and the quality requirements of gynostemma pentaphylla medicinal materials are not related to other province traditional Chinese medicine standards. The study shows that the Japanese garden nutrient solution with the pH value of 6.0 is used for water planting of gynostemma pentaphylla, the total saponin content of a single sample after the culture is higher than 3 percent and is higher than the existing standard when the ambient temperature is 20-30 ℃ and the photoperiod is 10-14 h illumination per day and the illumination intensity is 100lux.
< other examples and comparative examples subjected to the second hydroponics > the following profile:
the water planting method of gynostemma pentaphylla comprises the steps of first water planting and second water planting on a harvested mother plant, wherein the first water planting method is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the only difference is that the selected photoperiod is 12h illumination/12 h darkness every day, the illumination intensity is 100lux, the temperature is changed to 20/30 ℃ and the temperature is changed to the temperature with low darkness setting, the illumination is set to a high temperature, and the transition period of darkness and illumination is gradually changed. After the water culture treatment is carried out for 30 days, the first harvesting and the second water culture are carried out according to the following method: cutting the upper part of the plant seedling, such as cutting 2/3-5/6 of the height of the plant seedling, leaving 2 sections of lateral buds cultured by the mother plant as second plants;
wherein, the different operation groups of the second hydroponics are as follows:
a first group: and removing redundant leaves on the primary harvested parent plant, spraying indoleacetic acid with the concentration of 45mg/L when lateral buds grow to 0.5-1.0 cm long, keeping branches moist for 3 hours, bending the parent plant to enable the parent plant nodes to be in contact with nutrient solution, exposing the lateral buds to the nutrient solution level for secondary hydroponic culture, wherein the nutrient solution, the illumination intensity, the photoperiod, the temperature, the humidity, the nutrient solution management and the ventilation management in the secondary hydroponic culture process are the same as those in the primary hydroponic culture.
Second group: and removing redundant leaves on the mother plant after primary harvesting, and when lateral buds grow to 0.5-1.0 cm long, bending the mother plant to enable the nodes of the mother plant to be in contact with the nutrient solution, wherein the lateral buds expose out of the nutrient solution surface for secondary hydroponics, and the nutrient solution, the illumination intensity, the photoperiod, the temperature, the humidity and the nutrient solution management and the ventilation management in the secondary hydroponics process are the same as those of the primary hydroponics.
Third group: and removing redundant leaves on the mother plant after primary harvesting, spraying indoleacetic acid with the concentration of 45mg/L when lateral buds grow to 0.5-1.0 cm long, and keeping the branches moist for 3 hours, wherein nutrient solution, illumination intensity, photoperiod, temperature, humidity, nutrient solution management and ventilation management in the secondary water planting process are the same as those in the primary water planting.
The above treatments were repeated 3 times, 25 plants each, and the growth and weight of gynostemma pentaphylla were measured after 30d of the second hydroponic culture, and the results are shown in tables 9 and 10.
Table 9 statistics of gynostemma pentaphylla growth under different second hydroponic operations
As can be seen from Table 9, there was a clear difference in the growth of gynostemma pentaphylla through the second different hydroponic operation. And (3) carrying out indoleacetic acid spraying on the mother plant after the first harvest, and bending the mother plant to enable the nodes of the mother plant to be in contact with the nutrient solution, so that the survival rate and the plant growth vigor of the regenerated plant can be improved. Therefore, after promoting the parent plant by the indoleacetic acid, the rooting of the parent plant nodes is facilitated, the nutrient solution is absorbed by the root systems of multiple nodes, and the survival rate and the plant growth vigor of regenerated plants are improved.
Table 10 weight measurement of Gynostemma Pentaphyllum under different second hydroponic operations
As can be seen from Table 10, there was a clear difference in fresh weight of individual gynostemma pentaphylla plants in the second different hydroponic operation. And (3) spraying indoleacetic acid on the mother plant after the first harvest, and bending the mother plant to enable the nodes of the mother plant to be in contact with the nutrient solution, so that the accumulation of the gynostemma pentaphylla biomass can be promoted.
The macroelement formulas and the microelement general formulas of the 4 common hydroponic nutrient solutions used in the above examples and comparative examples of the present invention are shown in tables 11 and 12.
Table 11 macroelement formulation for four different nutrient solutions
Table 12 general formula of nutrient solution trace elements (general purpose for each nutrient solution)
< other examples and comparative examples with different nutrient solutions subjected to the second hydroponics > the following profile:
the water planting method of gynostemma pentaphylla comprises the first water planting and the second water planting of the harvested mother plant, wherein the first water planting method is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the only difference is that the selected photoperiod is 12h illumination/12 h darkness, the illumination intensity is 100lux, the temperature is changed to 20/30 ℃ for temperature changing treatment (the temperature is changed to be low in darkness setting, the temperature is changed to be high in illumination setting, and the temperature of the transition period of darkness and illumination is changed gradually), and the adopted nutrient solution is different. After the first water culture is subjected to water culture treatment for 30d, the first harvesting and the second water culture are carried out according to the following method: cutting the upper part of the first plant seedling, such as cutting 2/3-5/6 of the height of the plant seedling, leaving 2 sections of lateral buds cultured by the mother plant as the second plant; wherein, the second hydroponic culture is operated as follows: and removing redundant leaves on the primary harvested parent plant, spraying indoleacetic acid with the concentration of 45mg/L when lateral buds grow to 0.5-1.0 cm long, keeping branches moist for 3 hours, bending the parent plant to enable the parent plant nodes to be in contact with nutrient solution, exposing the lateral buds to the nutrient solution level for secondary hydroponic culture, wherein the nutrient solution, the illumination intensity, the photoperiod, the temperature, the humidity, the nutrient solution management and the ventilation management in the secondary hydroponic culture process are the same as those in the primary hydroponic culture.
The nutrient solution used for the first water planting and the second water planting of the harvested mother plants is divided into the following groups:
fourth group: the nutrient solution used for the first water planting and the second water planting contains the following components per liter: ca (NO) 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O 945mg、KNO 3 809mg、MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 493mg、NH 4 H 2 PO 4 153mg、EDTA-NaFe 30.0mg、H 3 BO 3 2.86mg、MnSO 4 ·4H 2 O 2.13mg、ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.66mg、CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O 0.24mg、(NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 ·4H 2 0.02mg of O, 20g of coarse pore silica gel and 50g of zeolite; the pH value of the nutrient solution is 6.0.
Fifth group: the nutrient solution used for the first water planting and the second water planting contains the following components per liter: ca (NO) 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O 945mg、KNO 3 809mg、MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 493mg、NH 4 H 2 PO 4 153mg、EDTA-NaFe 30.0mg、H 3 BO 3 2.86mg、MnSO 4 ·4H 2 O 2.13mg、ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.66mg、CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O0.24 mg and (NH) 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 ·4H 2 O0.02 mg; the pH value of the nutrient solution is 6.0.
Sixth group: the nutrient solution used for the first water planting and the second water planting contains the following components per liter: ca (NO) 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O 945mg、KNO 3 809mg、MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 493mg、NH 4 H 2 PO 4 153mg、EDTA-NaFe 30.0mg、H 3 BO 3 2.86mg、MnSO 4 ·4H 2 O 2.13mg、ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.22mg、CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O 0.08mg、(NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 ·4H 2 0.02mg of O, 20g of coarse pore silica gel and 50g of zeolite; the pH value of the nutrient solution is 6.0.
Seventh group: the nutrient solution used for the first water planting and the second water planting contains the following components per liter: ca (NO) 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O 945mg、KNO 3 809mg、MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 493mg、NH 4 H 2 PO 4 153mg、EDTA-NaFe 30.0mg、H 3 BO 3 2.86mg、MnSO 4 ·4H 2 O 2.13mg、ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.66mg、CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O 0.24mg、(NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 ·4H 2 0.02mg of O and 50g of zeolite; the pH value of the nutrient solution is 6.0.
Eighth group: the nutrient solution used for the first water planting and the second water planting contains the following components per liter: ca (NO) 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O 945mg、KNO 3 809mg、MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 493mg、NH 4 H 2 PO 4 153mg、EDTA-NaFe 30.0mg、H 3 BO 3 2.86mg、MnSO 4 ·4H 2 O 2.13mg、ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.66mg、CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O 0.24mg、(NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 ·4H 2 0.02mg of O and 20g of coarse pore silica gel; the pH value of the nutrient solution is 6.0.
The above treatments were repeated with 3 biological replicates, and the growth and weight of gynostemma pentaphylla was measured after 30d of the second hydroponics for 25 plants, and the results are shown in tables 13, 14 and 15.
TABLE 13 statistics of second hydroponic gynostemma pentaphylla growth in different nutrient solutions
TABLE 14 weight determination of first hydroponic gynostemma pentaphylla for different nutrient solutions
TABLE 15 weight determination of second hydroponic gynostemma pentaphylla for different nutrient solutions
As can be seen from tables 13, 14 and 15, the nutrient solution was added with zeolite and coarse silica gel, and ZnSO in trace elements 4 ·7H 2 O、CuSO 4 ·5H 2 The content of O in the nutrient solution is increased by 3-5 times, so that waste generated by the gynostemma pentaphylla root system can be purified, and the nutrient solution has a bacteriostatic effect, is beneficial to the growth of the gynostemma pentaphylla root system and promotes the accumulation of gynostemma pentaphylla biomass.
The root system activity of the invention is measured by adopting a triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) method, and the total saponin content of gynostemma pentaphylla is measured by a conventional method.
Although embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the use listed in the specification and embodiments. It can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art.
Claims (2)
1. The water planting method of gynostemma pentaphylla is characterized in that a nutrient solution with the pH value of 6.0 is used, the temperature-changing photoperiod of 20 ℃ is set in darkness, the temperature-changing photoperiod of 30 ℃ is set at 12h illumination/12 h darkness each day, the relative humidity is 60-80%, and gynostemma pentaphylla seedlings are subjected to water planting in an environment with the illumination intensity of 100lux to obtain gynostemma pentaphylla plants; wherein, each liter of the nutrient solution contains the following components: ca (NO) 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O 945mg、KNO 3 809 mg、MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 493 mg、NH 4 H 2 PO 4 153 mg、EDTA-NaFe 30.0 mg、H 3 BO 3 2.86 mg、MnSO 4 ·4H 2 O 2.13 mg、ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.66-1.10 mg、CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O 0.24-0.40 mg、(NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 · 4H 2 O0.02-mg, coarse pore silica gel 20-30g and zeolite 50-80g;
the method also comprises nutrient solution management and ventilation management, wherein the water level of the nutrient solution is more than or equal to 10cm, the root system can be contacted with the nutrient solution in the water planting process, the change condition of the water level and the pH value of the nutrient solution is checked every 2 days, the nutrient solution is timely supplemented, naOH or HCl is used for adjusting the pH value to 6.0, ventilation and oxygen supply are carried out to the nutrient solution for 2-3 times every day, each time lasts for 4 hours, and each 7 days the nutrient solution is replaced;
the method also comprises the step of selecting gynostemma pentaphylla seedlings, wherein the number of true leaves of the gynostemma pentaphylla seedlings is 3-5, the leaves are dark green, the root system is developed, and the gynostemma pentaphylla seedlings have no plant diseases and insect pests;
harvesting, namely harvesting the upper part of the first plant, and leaving 2-3 sections of mother plant culture lateral buds after harvesting the first plant to obtain a second gynostemma pentaphylla plant;
the lateral bud culture method is the same as the first plant water culture method, and simultaneously comprises the following operations: removing redundant leaves, spraying indoleacetic acid with the concentration of 45-50 mg/L when lateral buds grow to 0.5-1.0 cm long, keeping the branches moist for 2-3h, then bending the mother plant to enable the nodes of the mother plant to contact with nutrient solution, exposing the lateral buds to the nutrient solution level, and performing secondary water planting to obtain gynostemma pentaphylla plants.
2. The water planting method of gynostemma pentaphylla according to claim 1, wherein the height of the seedling of the harvested gynostemma pentaphylla plant is not less than 15cm, and the fresh weight of the single plant is not less than 3g.
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Application publication date: 20220408 Assignee: Guangxi Weisen Biotechnology Group Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUANGXI BOTANICAL GARDEN OF MEDICINAL PLANTS Contract record no.: X2023980045127 Denomination of invention: The hydroponic method of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Granted publication date: 20230523 License type: Common License Record date: 20231101 |