CN114286750A - Adas照相机系统的汽车玻璃窗 - Google Patents

Adas照相机系统的汽车玻璃窗 Download PDF

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CN114286750A
CN114286750A CN202080060782.1A CN202080060782A CN114286750A CN 114286750 A CN114286750 A CN 114286750A CN 202080060782 A CN202080060782 A CN 202080060782A CN 114286750 A CN114286750 A CN 114286750A
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transparent body
transparency
glazing
inlet
transparent
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CN114286750B (zh
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D·拉姆普曼
L·布拉克
R·西姆斯
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Pittsburgh Glass Works LLC
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Pittsburgh Glass Works LLC
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    • B32B7/023—Optical properties
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Light Receiving Elements (AREA)
  • Closed-Circuit Television Systems (AREA)
  • Studio Devices (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)

Abstract

一种汽车玻璃窗，设置用于接收红外辐射的入口(32)，以及一种汽车玻璃窗(40，50)，在玻璃窗一侧的红外照相机和玻璃窗另一侧的照相机视场之间限定针对红外辐射的开放路径。

Description

ADAS照相机系统的汽车玻璃窗
(相关申请)
本申请要求在2019年8月30日提交的美国临时专利申请No.62/894027的优先权，在这里通过引用并入其全部内容。
技术领域
本公开的发明涉及汽车玻璃窗，尤其是与可以在汽车夜视系统中使用的类型的红外照相机兼容的汽车玻璃窗。
背景技术
现有技术建议使用基于由红外(“IR”)照相机拍摄的图像的夜视系统。一般地，红外照相机是能够检测物体的红外辐射特征并将该特征转换为电子或电信号的设备。然后，照相机处理该信号，以生成对应于检测的红外照射的变化的图像。这种照相机通常与个人视觉设备(诸如由军事人员使用以使得他们能够在夜间环境中看得更清楚的类型)相关联。美国专利8164543示出了与IR汽车夜视系统兼容的汽车玻璃窗的示例，该IR汽车夜视系统使用红外传感器以根据红外模式识别或解释物体。有时，由于红外能量是热条件的指示，因此IR照相机被描述为响应于“热特征”。
在其共同实施例中，红外照相机包括响应于某些相应波长内的红外能量的传感器的阵列。传感器阵列被组合，使得作为整体，它响应于红外光谱的给定部分或频带内的能量。一般地，热成像类型的夜视系统对波长在8～15μm的范围内的辐射敏感。
当应用于汽车玻璃窗时，使用热成像型红外照相机的困难在于，玻璃对红外照射波长不透明。这意味着，在长波IR范围及以上工作的热成像型照相机没有穿过玻璃窗的玻璃层的视野。
玻璃关于红外照射的不透明特性限制了夜视照相机对汽车玻璃窗的适用性。然而，对汽车夜视系统的需求越来越大。需求这样增长的原因包括夜视系统对夜间驾驶的重要性，因为是夜视系统有机会改善夜间驾驶员的感知、敏锐度和视野范围。另一动机是对自动驾驶车辆的需求不断增加。
因此，在现有技术中，需要能够使夜视照相机与汽车一起使用的汽车玻璃窗。
发明内容
根据本公开的发明，与IR照相机兼容的汽车玻璃窗包括限定外表面和内表面的第一透明体。第一透明体的内表面与外表面相对地设置在第一透明体上。第一个透明体还在内表面和外表面之间具有周边边缘，使得周边边缘限定第一个透明体的外周边。此外，第一透明体还限定内表面和外表面之间的入口，使得入口位于第一透明体的周边边缘内。本公开的发明的汽车玻璃窗还包括第二透明体。第二透明体也限定外表面和内表面，使得内表面与外表面相反地设置在第二透明体上。第二透明体相对于第一透明体取向，使得第二透明体的内表面面对第一透明体的内表面，并且第二透明体的至少一部分覆盖第一透明体的入口。第二透明体的材料选自包括硫化锌(ZnS)或聚碳酸酯(PC)材料的组。这些材料使长波IR范围及以上照相机和LiDAR照相机能够通过玻璃窗的透明率创建视野。
同样根据本公开的发明，玻璃窗还可以包括第三透明体。第三透明体也限定外表面和与第三透明体的外表面相对地设置在第三透明体上的内表面。第三透明体相对于第一透明体取向，使得第三透明体的内表面面对第一透明体的内表面，而第三透明体的外表面的一部分面对第二透明体的内表面的一部分。第三透明体在第三透明体的周边内限定与第一透明体的入口一致的入口。
优选地，本公开的玻璃窗还包括位于第一透明体的内表面和第三透明体的内表面之间的中间层。中间层限定与第三透明体的入口和第一透明体的入口一致的入口。
同样优选地，第二透明体覆盖由第三透明体限定的入口。第二透明体的内表面可以通过接合剂固定到第三透明体的外表面，或者第二透明体可以通过子框架固定到第一透明体。
另外，本公开的发明包括玻璃窗，其中，第一透明体的周边包括当透明体安装在车辆中时形成透明体的上边缘或最上边缘的长度。第二透明体的周边包括当第二透明体安装在车辆中时形成第二透明体的上边缘或最上边缘的长度。第一透明体的上边缘和第二透明体的上边缘分别限定各自的凹陷形状轮廓，该凹陷形状轮廓在玻璃窗顶部附近提供通道。电磁照射通过第二透明体的外表面和第一透明体的外表面之间的凹陷形状轮廓传播。以这种方式，IR辐射绕过玻璃窗的各透明体并直接传播到车辆上的IR照相机。
附图说明
结合附图示出和描述本发明的当前优选实施例，其中：
图1是电磁频谱的图示，其重点是红外光谱；
图2示出一个当前优选实施例的示例；
图3示出当前优选实施例的另一示例；
图4是ZnS透射率随电磁照射的波长变化的示图；
图5示出当前优选实施例的另一示例；
图6示出当前优选实施例的另一示例；
图7示出当前优选实施例的另一示例；和
图8是聚碳酸酯的透射率随电磁照射的波长变化的示图。
具体实施方式
电磁频谱通常如图1所示。图1示出，红外谱一般包括波长在1μm～1mm范围内的电磁能量。该频率范围内的能量可进一步分离为远红外波段(15μm～1000μm)、长波段(8μm～15μm)、中等波段(3μm～8μm)、短波段(1.4μm～3μm)、近红外波段(0.75μm～1.4μm)的波长带。图1进一步示出，热成像类型的长波IR范围及以上照相机一般在8μm～15μm的长波段中工作，而光检测和测距照相机(“LiDAR”)一般在近红外波段和短波段的一部分中工作。
在本公开的实施例的一个方面中，玻璃窗被设置有对短波段和近红外波段中的IR辐射基本上透明的透镜。更具体地说，所述透镜由玻璃制成，其中，玻璃的化学成分提供IR辐射的约92％透射和IR辐射的小于1％的吸收。
已知某些IR透明玻璃用于诸如眼镜和显微镜的光学元件。然而，这种类型的IR透明玻璃对于用于汽车玻璃窗是不可接受的，因为其制造成本相对较高，且尺寸有限。
在本公开的发明中，IR透明的支持LiDAR的玻璃由可在工业规模的浮法炉中生产的钠石灰成分基质(matrix)制成。并且，IR透明的支持LiDAR的玻璃与通常用于汽车玻璃窗的工艺(诸如切割、研磨、弯曲、回火、层压和涂层)兼容。
图2示出汽车玻璃窗的示例，该玻璃窗在与长波IR范围及以上照相机兼容的玻璃窗中并入IR透明玻璃的特征。图2示出汽车玻璃窗10的部件，其中标准汽车玻璃(即非IR玻璃)的片材12包括入口14。片材12通过PVB层18或其它叠层材料层叠到IR玻璃16的片材上。照射IR玻璃16的IR能量基本上透过IR玻璃16，但IR能量被片材12阻挡，在入口14处除外。在入口14处，IR照射通过入口，在这里，它然后可以由长波IR范围及以上照相机感测到。
更具体地说，汽车玻璃窗10与IR照相机兼容。玻璃窗10包括限定外表面12a和内表面12b的第一透明体12。内表面12b与外表面12a相对地被设置在第一透明体12上。第一透明体12还具有内表面和外表面12a和12b之间的周边边缘12c，使得周边边缘12c限定第一透明体12的外周边。另外，第一透明体12还限定内表面12b和外表面12a之间的入口14，使得入口14在第一透明体12上位于周边边缘12c内。玻璃窗10还包括第二透明体16。第二透明体16限定外表面16a和内表面16b，使得内表面16b与外表面16a相对地被设置在第二透明体16上。第二透明体16相对于第一透明体12取向，使得第二透明体16的内表面16b面对第一透明体12的内表面12b，并且第二透明体16的至少一部分覆盖第一透明体12的入口14。第二透明体16的材料选自包含硫化锌(ZnS)或聚碳酸酯(PC)材料的组。这些材料使得长波IR范围及以上照相机和LiDAR照相机能够通过玻璃10的透明体创建视野。
与其它汽车玻璃相比，IR玻璃片材16相对昂贵。另外，本文后面描述的替代性ZnS透镜由多晶ZnS制成，被压制成型，并然后被光学抛光。由于其制造方法，这种ZnS透镜无法以片材形式在市场上买到。因此，优选限制IR玻璃的使用。作为限制IR玻璃使用的一个示例，图3示出本公开的发明的替代实施例。
图3示出包括汽车玻璃的外层20和汽车玻璃的内层22的玻璃窗19。层20和层22与PVB片材24或其它叠层材料层叠在一起。所有三个层20、22和24限定各自的入口26、28和30，这些入口26、28和30对齐以形成整体入口32。整体入口32由封装在入口32内的IR玻璃的透镜34覆盖。IR玻璃可以例如为ZnS材料。
更具体地说，本公开的发明的实施例可以包括玻璃窗19，玻璃窗19包括第一透明体22、第二透明体34和第三透明体20。第三透明体20限定外表面20a和内表面20b，该内表面20b与外表面20a相对地被设置在第三透明体20上。第三透明体20相对于第一透明体22取向，使得第三透明体20的内表面20b面对第一透明体22的内表面22b，而第三透明体20的外表面20a的一部分面对第二透明体34的内表面34b的一部分。第三透明体20在第三透明体20的周边20c内限定入口26，该入口26与第一透明体22的入口28一致。
图3还示出位于第一透明体22的内表面22b和第三透明体20的内表面20b之间的中间层24。中间层24限定入口30，入口30与第三透明体20的入口26和第一透明体22的入口28一致。
图4示出ZnS透镜的透射率随波长的变化。图4示出ZnS透镜在8μm～约12μm的长波段中具有良好的透射率。
在图5中示出本发明的另一替代实施例。图5与图3的实施例类似。图5中的ZnS型IR透镜36通过与粘接剂材料环40组合的子框38被固定到汽车玻璃窗。图5的实施例比图3的实施例更有利，原因是图5中的子框38使透镜36更容易固定在汽车玻璃窗的入口上。这降低在装配汽车玻璃窗过程中误用和浪费的风险。
进一步说，图5所示的实施例是与图3类似的玻璃窗，其中第二透明体36覆盖由第三透明体20限定的入口26。第二透明体36的内表面36b可以通过诸如图3所示的接合剂固定到第三透明体20的外表面20a。或者，如图5所示，第二透明体36可以由子框38固定。子框38在第一透明体22的入口28的边缘附近被固定到第一透明体22。子框38还连接到第二透明体36，以保持第二透明体36与第一透明体22的入口28和第三透明体20的入口26的覆盖关系。在一些情况下，密封件40可以位于子框38和第一透明件22的外表面22a之间。
图6和图7示出为汽车IR照相机建立视野的又一替代方案，该汽车IR照相机不受玻璃障碍物造成的不透明度的影响。图6和图7的实施例与长波IR范围及以上照相机和LiDAR型照相机均兼容，原因是入射到照相机上的辐射完全避开汽车玻璃窗。在图6和图7中，玻璃窗叠层被形成为使得它避开照相机视野的路径。除了在图6和图7的实施例中描绘的边缘轮廓外，还考虑玻璃窗的上边缘的轮廓被形成为避免干扰长波IR范围和以上照相机和/或LiDAR照相机的视野的其它实施例。在这些实施例中，玻璃窗的上边缘的轮廓被形成为在玻璃窗中部附近比在玻璃窗的角部更接近玻璃窗的下边缘。
在图6中，玻璃窗40由汽车玻璃的两个片材42和44形成，这两个片材42和44层叠PVB层46或其叠层。玻璃窗40的上边缘48以凹陷方式形成，使得IR照相机的IR传感器阵列可以被定位在玻璃窗的凹陷边缘上方。在图7中，玻璃窗50如图6那样由汽车玻璃的两个片材形成，如图6所示，玻璃窗50的上边缘52有凹口，使得汽车夜视系统的IR照相机可以位于上边缘52中的凹口53后面。在图6和图7的两个实施例中，夜视系统的IR照相机阵列的IR照射不被汽车玻璃窗的玻璃阻挡。
图7图示了玻璃窗的上边缘的凹陷形状可能具有各种凹陷形状，并且，本文中用于描述本公开的发明的术语凹陷形状旨在作为一般描述，而非数学意义上的描述。图7图示了玻璃窗50可以具有带凹口53的上边缘52，该凹口53实施凹陷形状。
作为另一替代性实施例，IR透射材料可以不是ZnS。例如，图8示出作为聚碳酸酯材料(“PC”)的透光率随照射辐射的波长变化的示图。图8示出了PC材料在400nm～1500nm范围内保持高的透射率，在1800nm～2000nm范围内保持另一相对高的透射率。这种聚碳酸酯材料的示例是可从Sheffield Plastics,Inc.购买的(商标为
Figure BDA0003522630240000071
)。
由具有诸如图8所示的透射率的PC制成的透镜可以替代如图3和5所示的ZnS透镜。这种组合的优点是，它会与结合图1描述的在长波段中工作的IR照相机兼容。
作为另一替代实施例，结合图3和图5描述的ZnS和PC透镜也可以被修改，以使该构造适于与光检测和测距照相机(“LiDAR照相机”)一起使用。LiDAR照相机通常响应于近红外波段(0.75μm～1.4μm)和短波段的一部分(1.4μm～3μm)中的红外照射。常规的汽车玻璃窗对该波段中的IR辐射通常不是非透明的，但已经发现，当汽车玻璃的透射率相对地高时，LiDAR照相机的成像和测距能力可以得到改善。
因此，用高透射率玻璃透镜代替结合图3和图5所述的ZnS和PC透镜提供LiDAR照相机能够通过高透射率玻璃透镜观看以处理用于显影图像和范围信息的数据的玻璃窗。这种玻璃的示例包括在近红外波段和短波段的较低波长部分中透射率高的玻璃。这种玻璃的示例以Solarphire PVTM的商标出售。为了进一步提高SolarFire PV玻璃的透射率，可以在玻璃上涂覆专门被设计为用于提高LiDAR激光器工作波长下的透射率的抗反射涂层。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于机动车辆中的玻璃窗，所述机动车辆包括响应于具有大于8μm的波长的红外辐射的类型的照相机，所述玻璃窗包括：
限定外表面和内表面的第一透明体，所述第一透明体的所述内表面与所述外表面相对地设置在所述第一透明体上，所述第一透明体在所述内表面和所述外表面之间具有周边边缘，所述周边边缘限定所述第一透明体的外周边，所述第一透明体还进一步限定在所述第一透明体的所述内表面和所述第一透明体的所述外表面之间并且在所述第一透明体的周边边缘内的入口；和
限定外表面和内表面的第二透明体，所述第二透明体的所述内表面与所述第二透明体的所述外表面相对地设置在所述第二透明体上，所述第二透明体相对于所述第一透明体取向，使得所述第二透明体的所述内表面面对所述第一透明体层的所述内表面，所述第二透明体的至少一部分覆盖所述第一透明体的入口，所述第二透明体的材料选自包括硫化锌和聚碳酸酯的组。
2.根据权利要求1所述的玻璃窗，还包括限定外表面和内表面的第三透明体，该内表面与所述第三透明体的所述外表面相对地设置在所述第三透明体上，所述第三透明体相对于所述第一透明体取向，使得所述第三透明体的所述内表面面对所述第一透明体的内表面，并且所述第三透明体的外表面的一部分面对所述第二透明体的内表面的一部分，所述第三透明体限定与所述第一透明体的入口一致的入口。
3.根据权利要求2所述的玻璃窗，还包括位于所述第一透明体层的内表面和所述第三透明体层的内表面之间的中间层，所述中间层限定与所述第三透明体的入口和所述第一透明体的入口一致的入口。
4.根据权利要求3所述的玻璃窗，其中，所述第二透明体覆盖由所述第三透明体限定的入口。
5.根据权利要求4所述的玻璃窗，其中，所述第二透明体的内表面通过接合剂固定到所述第三透明体的外表面。
6.根据权利要求4所述的玻璃窗，还包括在所述第一透明体的入口附近被固定到所述第一透明体的子框，所述子框还连接到所述第二透明体，以保持所述第二透明体与所述第一透明体的入口为覆盖关系。
7.根据权利要求6所述的玻璃窗，还包括位于所述子框和所述第一透明体的外表面之间的密封。
8.根据权利要求6所述的玻璃窗，其中，所述子框还保持所述第二透明体与所述第三透明体的入口为覆盖关系。
9.一种用于机动车辆中的玻璃窗，所述机动车辆包括响应于具有大于8μm的波长的红外辐射的类型的照相机，所述玻璃窗包括：
限定外表面和内表面的第一透明体，所述第一透明体的所述内表面与所述外表面相对地设置在所述第一透明体上，所述第一透明体在所述内表面和所述外表面之间具有周边边缘，所述周边边缘限定所述第一透明体的外周边，其中，该外周边包括当透明体被安装在车辆中时形成透明体的上边缘的长度；和
限定外表面和内表面的第二透明体，所述第二透明体的所述内表面与所述第二透明体的所述外表面相对地设置在所述第二透明体上，所述第二透明体相对于所述第一透明体取向，使得所述第二透明体的所述内表面面对所述第一透明体的所述内表面，所述第二透明体在所述内表面和所述外表面之间具有周边边缘，所述周边边缘限定所述第二透明体的外周边，该外周边包括当第二透明体安装在车辆中时形成第二透明体的上边缘的长度，其中，所述第一透明体的上边缘和所述第二透明体的上边缘具有凹陷形状轮廓，使得电磁照射在所述第二透明体的外表面和所述第一透明体的外表面之间通过所述凹陷形状轮廓传播。
10.根据权利要求9所述的玻璃窗，其中，所述凹陷形状轮廓在所述第一透明体和所述第二透明体的顶面中呈缺口形式。
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