CN116829351A - 具有全息图元件和抗反射涂层的复合玻璃板 - Google Patents

具有全息图元件和抗反射涂层的复合玻璃板 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116829351A
CN116829351A CN202380008191.3A CN202380008191A CN116829351A CN 116829351 A CN116829351 A CN 116829351A CN 202380008191 A CN202380008191 A CN 202380008191A CN 116829351 A CN116829351 A CN 116829351A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
layer
hologram element
glass sheet
glass pane
composite glass
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202380008191.3A
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English (en)
Inventor
A·戈默
J·哈根
P·吉拉德
O·吉尔
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Glass France SAS filed Critical Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Publication of CN116829351A publication Critical patent/CN116829351A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

本发明涉及复合玻璃板(100),其至少包括具有外侧表面(I)和内侧表面(II)的外玻璃板(1),具有外侧表面(III)和内侧表面(IV)的内玻璃板(2),第一中间层(3),和具有至少一个全息图的全息图元件(4),其中第一中间层(3)布置在外玻璃板(1)和内玻璃板(2)之间,全息图元件(4)布置在外玻璃板(1)和第一中间层(3)之间或内玻璃板(2)和第一中间层(3)之间,并且其中在内玻璃板(2)的内侧表面(IV)上布置抗反射涂层(6)。

Description

具有全息图元件和抗反射涂层的复合玻璃板
本发明涉及具有全息图元件和抗反射涂层的复合玻璃板、制造这种复合玻璃板的方法以及这种复合玻璃板的用途。
当今许多地方都使用复合玻璃,特别是在运载工具制造中。在此,术语运载工具尤其包括道路运载工具、飞机、轮船、农业机器或操作设备。
复合玻璃板也用于其它领域。这些包括例如建筑物装配玻璃或信息显示器,例如在博物馆中或作为广告显示器。
复合玻璃板也经常用作平视显示器(HUD)以显示信息。在此,图像通过成像单元投影到复合玻璃板上,以对观察者将信息投入视野中。在运载工具领域中,成像单元例如布置在仪表板上,以使得投影的图像在朝观察者倾斜的复合玻璃板的最靠近的玻璃面上朝着观察者的方向反射(参见例如欧洲专利EP 0 420 228 B1或德国公开文献DE 10 2012 211729 A1)。
投影的图像在朝观察者倾斜的复合玻璃板的最靠近的玻璃面上朝着观察者的方向反射的平视显示器受反射定律的约束,根据该定律,入射角和出射角相等。因此不能自由地选择复合玻璃板的倾斜角度。
层压在复合玻璃板的玻璃板之间的全息图元件也可用于平视显示器。全息图元件具有至少一个全息图,并且全息图可以包含记录在其中的信息。全息图可以通过由投影器发出的光激活,因此为观察者再现记录在全息图中的信息。基于全息原理的平视显示器,所谓的全息平视显示器,例如在出版物WO 2012/156124 A1、US 2019/0056596 A1、US 10,394,032 B2、US 10,061,069 B2和US 2015/205138 A1中公开。
WO 2021/180471 A1、WO 2021/233713 A1、WO 2021/245031 A1、WO 2021/254872A1和WO 2021/254873 A1公开了具有全息图元件的复合玻璃板,其中复合玻璃板的第一和/或第二玻璃板可以具有抗反射涂层。
WO 2019/179682 A1公开了用于平视显示器的具有导电涂层和抗反射涂层的复合玻璃板。
EP 3 998 501 A2公开了具有抗反射涂层的体系,该抗反射涂层用于防止在反射全息图形成过程中形成菲涅耳反射。
DE 102020112447A1公开了使用由液体光聚合物制成的全息图记录层将全息图集成到具有预定的表面目标几何形状的刚性部件中的方法。
全息图可以在全息材料,即光敏材料中产生,该全息材料层压在复合玻璃板的玻璃板之间。为了记录全息图,两个相互相干的光束,即所谓的参考光束(也可以称为参考波)和所谓的物体光束(也可以称为物体波)指向全息材料。叠加的波前的在此形成的干涉图案作为交替折射率调制写入全息材料。如果参考波和物体波具有平行的波前,则干涉图案对应于平行光栅,其薄片在参考波和物体波的平分线上成角度。记录后,全息材料固化,由此失去记录其它全息图的能力。如果用参考波再次照射其中记录有全息图的全息材料,则光在全息图的记录光栅处发生衍射,以使得衍射波对应于物体波。通过用参考波照射写入到全息材料中的干涉图案,因此可以重建物体波。
其中投影的图像通过全息图朝着观察者的方向再现的平视显示器因此能够制造具有层压的全息图的复合玻璃板,其中复合玻璃板上的入射角与出射角不一样大。因此,在全息平视显示器中可以更自由地选择复合玻璃板的倾斜角度。
虽然在投影的图像通过全息图朝着观察者的方向再现的平视显示器中,参考波在外玻璃板的外侧表面上的反射由于全息图在记录的光栅处的衍射而减弱,但是特别地,参考波在内玻璃板的内侧表面上的反射显示为虽然微弱、但仍具干扰性的幻像。
本发明的目的是,特别是为平视显示器提供改进的具有全息图元件的复合玻璃板,其中不希望的幻像的出现和/或复合玻璃板的反射率最小化。
本发明的目的通过根据独立权利要求1的复合玻璃板实现。优选实施方式由从属权利要求得出。制造根据本发明的复合玻璃板的方法及其用途由进一步的独立权利要求得出。
本发明涉及复合玻璃板,其至少包括具有外侧表面和内侧表面的外玻璃板、具有外侧表面和内侧表面的内玻璃板、第一中间层和具有至少一个全息图的全息图元件。
第一中间层布置在外玻璃板和内玻璃板之间,并且全息图元件布置在外玻璃板和第一中间层之间或内玻璃板和第一中间层之间。
根据本发明,在内玻璃板的内侧表面上布置抗反射涂层。
外玻璃板和内玻璃板分别具有外侧表面,即外表面,和内侧表面,即内表面,以及在它们之间延伸的环绕侧边缘。在本发明的意义上,外侧表面是指被设置为在安装位置中面向外部环境的主表面。在本发明的意义上,内侧表面是指被设置为在安装位置中面向内部空间的主表面。在根据本发明的复合玻璃板中,外玻璃板的内侧表面和内玻璃板的外侧表面彼此面对。
玻璃板的表面通常如下指定:
外玻璃板的外侧表面称为I面。外玻璃板的内侧表面称为II面。内玻璃板的外侧表面称为III面。内玻璃板的内侧表面称为IV面。
如果复合玻璃板被设置为在运载工具或建筑物的窗户开口中将内部空间与外部环境隔开,则本发明的意义上的内玻璃板是指面向内部空间(运载工具内部空间)的玻璃板。外玻璃板是指面向外部环境的玻璃板。
全息图元件是指其中包含全息图的全息介质。全息图元件包含光敏材料,即全息材料。通过用合适的光源曝光,可以在其中记录全息图。在完成的复合玻璃板中,全息图元件的材料不再对光敏感,因为全息材料在工艺中发生变化,以使得不再可能进一步记录全息图。
全息图元件包含全息材料并且可以另外任选地包含第一基底层和/或第二基底层。合适的全息材料是本领域技术人员已知的。合适的第一和第二基底层也是本领域技术人员已知的。
全息图元件优选包含光聚合物、重铬酸盐明胶或卤化银明胶,特别优选光聚合物,作为全息材料。
卤化银或重铬酸盐通常嵌入明胶基质中,该明胶基质首先通常在室温下部分干燥,然后才能通过曝光来记录全息图。
在一个实施方案中,全息材料被设计为外玻璃板的内侧表面上的涂层或内玻璃板的外侧表面上的涂层。
复合玻璃板可以另外包括第二中间层。在根据本发明的复合玻璃板的该实施方案中,全息图元件布置在第一中间层和内玻璃板之间,并且附加的第二中间层布置在内玻璃板和全息图元件之间。
在一个优选实施方案中,全息图元件包含全息材料、第一基底层和第二基底层,其中全息材料布置在第一中间层和内玻璃板之间,第二中间层布置在全息材料和第二基底层之间,第一基底层布置在全息材料和第一中间层之间,第二基底层布置在全息材料和第二中间层之间。因此在该实施方案中,全息材料布置在第一基底层和第二基底层之间。
在另一个实施方案中,全息图元件包括第一基底层和全息材料。
同样在该实施方案中,复合玻璃板可以任选地包括第二中间层。如果存在第二中间层,则其布置在内玻璃板和全息图元件之间,并且第一中间层布置在外玻璃板和全息图元件之间。
在另一个实施方案中,全息图元件包括第二基底层和全息材料。
第一中间层优选是热塑性中间层、胶粘层或光学透明胶粘剂(OCA,opticallyclear adhesive)。
第二中间层优选为热塑性中间层、胶粘层或光学透明胶粘剂(OCA,opticallyclear adhesive)。
光学透明胶粘剂的特征在于透光率高、雾度低、无双重光折射、UV耐受性高、耐老化性好等。由此可以避免不受控和因此不希望的光透射损害或不美观的扭曲。
胶粘层优选在可见光谱范围内具有小于5%,特别是小于2%或甚至1%的吸收率,并且优选具有小于5%,特别是小于2%或甚至小于1%的雾度。
胶粘层优选被设计为均匀层。
胶粘层优选具有20μm至200μm,特别优选50μm至150μm,非常特别优选60μm至100μm的厚度。由此实现良好的光学性能。此外,具有这些厚度的胶粘层可作为胶粘剂膜市售。替代地,胶粘层的胶粘剂也可以作为液体胶粘剂使用。
所述胶粘层的胶粘剂优选是化学作用的,特别是化学固化或UV固化的胶粘剂,特别优选丙烯酸酯胶粘剂或基于硅酮的胶粘剂。
第一基底层包含例如聚酰胺(PA)、三乙酸纤维素(TAC)和/或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。第一基底层例如为35μm(微米)至60μm厚。
第二基底层包含例如聚酰胺(PA)、三乙酸纤维素(TAC)和/或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。第二基底层例如为35μm(微米)至60μm厚。
如上所述,在一个优选实施方案中,全息材料包含光聚合物。该光聚合物例如为10μm至100μm,例如16μm厚。合适的光聚合物是本领域技术人员已知的。光聚合物优选包含交联的聚氨酯(PU)。替代地,也可以使用液体光聚合物。
原则上,抗反射涂层可以不同方式设计。例如,由多孔二氧化硅层制成的抗反射涂层是已知的。然而,在一个优选实施方案中,抗反射涂层由交替布置的具有不同折射率的层形成,它们由于干涉效应导致经涂覆的表面上的反射减少。这种涂层非常有效,并且可以通过选择各层的材料和层厚度良好地优化以满足各个情况中的要求。
在根据本发明的方法的一个优选实施方案中,抗反射涂层基于纳米多孔氧化硅形成。这种抗反射涂层可以例如如WO 2021/156023 A1中所述的那样设计。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,抗反射涂层由交替布置的具有不同折射率的层形成。抗反射涂层优选包括至少两个光学高折射率层,其特别是折射率大于1.8,和两个光学低折射率层,其特别是折射率小于1.8。从基底开始,即从内玻璃板的内侧表面开始,在此首先布置第一高折射率层、其上布置第一低折射率层、其上布置第二高折射率层和其上布置第二低折射率层。高折射率层例如可以基于氮化硅、氧化锌锡、氮化硅锆或氧化钛形成,低折射率层例如可以基于二氧化硅或氟化镁形成。
在本发明的上下文中,通常基于550nm的波长给出折射率。确定折射率的方法是本领域技术人员已知的。在本发明的上下文中给出的折射率可以例如通过椭偏测量术测定,其中可以使用市售的椭偏仪。
在一个特别优选的实施方案中,从内玻璃板的内侧表面开始,抗反射涂层由19nm厚的氮化硅层、布置在其上的23nm厚的二氧化硅层、布置在其上的114nm厚的氧化锌锡层和布置在其上的97nm厚的二氧化硅层形成。在另一特别优选的实施方案中,从内玻璃板的内侧表面开始,抗反射涂层由13nm厚的氮化硅层、布置在其上的29nm厚的二氧化硅层、布置在其上的94nm厚的氮化硅层和布置在其上的89nm厚的二氧化硅层形成。
在另一特别优选的实施方案中,从内玻璃板的内侧表面开始,抗反射涂层包括恰好一个高折射率层和恰好一个低折射率层,其中高折射率层的折射率大于1.9且厚度为最多40nm,优选最多30nm,特别优选最多20nm,非常特别优选最多15nm,并且低折射率层的折射率小于1.6且厚度为最多60nm,优选最多50nm,特别优选最多40nm,非常特别优选最多30nm。在这个实施方案中,高折射率层优选基于氮化硅、氧化锡锌、氮化硅锆、氮化硅钛、氮化硅铪或氧化钛形成,特别优选基于氮化硅锆或氧化钛,并且低折射率层优选基于二氧化硅或掺杂的氧化硅形成。
任选地,可以将保护层施加到抗反射涂层上。保护层优选是透明和以面形式的,特别是全等地施加到抗反射涂层上。保护层优选是基于聚丙烯酸酯、聚肟、醇酸树脂、聚氨酯或其混合物的聚合物。保护层的厚度优选为50nm至10μm,更优选100nm至5μm。
保护层保护抗反射涂层免受诸如刮擦之类的机械损坏。其还可以用于增加抗反射涂层的耐久性。
在一个实施方案中,在根据本发明的复合玻璃板中,UV防护层布置在外玻璃板和全息材料之间。这种UV防护层防止记录在全息材料中的全息图由于来自外部的UV辐射引起的老化过程。
外玻璃板和内玻璃板由玻璃制成,特别优选由钠钙玻璃制成,如通常用于窗户玻璃板那样。然而,外玻璃板和内玻璃板也可以由其它类型的玻璃制成,例如石英玻璃、硼硅酸盐玻璃或铝硅酸盐玻璃,或由硬质透明塑料,例如聚碳酸酯或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯制成。外玻璃板和内玻璃板可以彼此独立地是透明的,或着色或有色的。被设计为挡风玻璃板的复合玻璃板必须在此在中央视区中具有足够的透光率,优选在根据ECE-R43的A主透视区域中至少70%。外玻璃板和内玻璃板优选是弯曲的,即它们具有曲率。
外玻璃板和/或内玻璃板可具有本身已知的合适涂层,例如防粘涂层、防刮涂层、可加热涂层、防晒涂层或低辐射涂层。
被设计为热塑性中间层的第一中间层或第二中间层优选至少包含聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚氨酯(PU)或其共聚物或衍生物,或由它们组成,特别优选聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB),非常特别优选聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)和本领域技术人员已知的添加剂,例如增塑剂。
被设计为热塑性中间层的第一中间层或第二中间层优选含有至少60重量%,特别优选至少70重量%,特别是至少90重量%,例如至少97重量%的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。
被设计为热塑性中间层的第一中间层可以由单个膜或多于一个膜形成。
被设计为热塑性中间层的第二中间层也可以由单个膜或多于一个膜形成。
第一中间层和,如果存在的话,第二中间层也可以彼此独立地是功能性中间层,特别是具有声阻尼性能的中间层、反射红外辐射的中间层、吸收红外辐射的中间层、吸收UV辐射的中间层、至少局部有色的中间层和/或至少部分着色的中间层。第一中间层和,如果存在的话,第二中间层也可以彼此独立地例如是带滤膜。
被设计为热塑性中间层的第一中间层或第二中间层的厚度为30μm至1500μm,优选50μm至780μm,优选380μm至760μm。
全息图元件的厚度优选为5μm至500μm,优选10μm至200μm,特别优选15μm至150μm。
外玻璃板和内玻璃板的厚度可以宽泛地变化,因此可以适应各个情况中的要求。外玻璃板和内玻璃板的厚度优选为0.5mm至5mm,特别优选1mm至3mm。
根据本发明的复合玻璃板可包括一个或多个附加中间层,特别是功能性中间层。所述附加的中间层尤其可以是具有声阻尼性能的中间层、反射红外辐射的中间层、吸收红外辐射的中间层、至少局部有色的中间层和/或至少局部着色的中间层。如果存在多个附加的中间层,它们也可以具有不同的功能。
根据本发明的复合玻璃板可以另外包括覆盖印刷物,其特别地由深色,优选黑色的搪瓷制成。所述覆盖印刷物特别是环绕的,即框架状的覆盖印刷物。环绕的覆盖印刷物主要用作复合玻璃板的组装胶粘剂的UV防护。覆盖印刷物可以被设计为不透明和整面的。覆盖印刷物也可以至少局部被设计为半透明的,例如作为点网格、条纹网格或菱形网格。替代地,覆盖印刷物也可以具有梯度,例如从不透明覆盖到半透明覆盖。
全息图元件优选不到达玻璃板边缘,而第一中间层到达玻璃板边缘。在该实施方案中,复合玻璃板中的全息图元件在其环绕边缘处通过第一中间层或布置在那里的其它层密封,因此被保护免受外部影响,例如湿气和清洁剂。
优选的是,全息图元件不布置在玻璃板的整面上,以框架形式围绕全息图元件布置具有切口的阻挡膜。该切口对应于其中布置全息图元件的区域。全息图元件布置在该切口内并完全填充它。阻挡膜具有环绕框架的形状并且与全息图元件的环绕边缘直接接触。全息图元件和阻挡膜因此位于同一平面中并且沿着其边缘彼此接触,其中它们的接触面基本上正交于复合玻璃板的玻璃板表面。在根据本发明的复合玻璃板中,环绕框架形式的阻挡膜补偿具有全息图元件的区域和周围区域之间的局部厚度差。根据本发明,阻挡膜不与全息图元件重叠,而是仅在其直接附近安置成与全息图元件的环绕边缘邻接,由此使得可以补偿厚度差。因此,具有全息图元件的复合玻璃板不仅具有改进的耐老化性,而且具有通过应力和玻璃破裂最小化得到的改进的耐久性。
阻挡膜优选为聚合物层,优选包含聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚酰胺(PA)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、三乙酸纤维素(TAC)或基本上由其组成。
根据本发明的复合玻璃板优选在空间的一个或多个方向上弯曲,这对于机动车玻璃板是常见的,其中典型的曲率半径为约10cm至约40m。然而,复合玻璃也可以是平坦的,例如当其被设置成公共汽车、火车或拖拉机的玻璃板时。
根据本发明的复合玻璃板具有上边缘和下边缘以及在上边缘和下边缘之间延伸的两个侧边缘。上边缘是指被设置成在安装位置中指向上方的边缘。下边缘是指被设置成在安装位置中指向下方的边缘。上边缘通常称为顶边缘,下边缘称为发动机边缘。
被设计为挡风玻璃板的复合玻璃板具有中央视野,对其光学品质提出高要求。中央视野必须具有高透光率(通常大于70%)。所述中央视野特别是本领域技术人员称为B视野、B视区或B区的视野。B视野及其技术要求规定在欧盟经济委员会(UN/ECE)第43号条例(ECE-R43,“批准安全装配玻璃材料及其在运载工具中安装的统一条件”)中。在那里,B视野定义在附录18中。
全息图元件在被设计为挡风玻璃板的复合玻璃板中有利地布置在中央视野(B视野)内。全息图元件可以,但不必覆盖整个区域,也可以突出超过其。全息图元件优选延伸在玻璃板的至少30%,特别优选至少50%,进一步特别优选至少80%上。由此可以避免在玻璃板的可见区域中全息图元件和没有全息图元件的区段之间的可见过渡。全息图元件特别优选这样布置,以使得全息图元件的环绕边缘布置在不透明覆盖印刷物的区域中。这样的优点是,不透明覆盖印刷物遮盖全息图元件至周围层的过渡。覆盖印刷物通常位于玻璃板的边缘区域中,并遮盖看向安装件或胶粘部的视线。挡风玻璃板通常具有由不透明搪瓷制成的环绕外周覆盖印刷物,其特别用于保护用于安装玻璃板的胶粘剂免受UV辐射并在视觉上将其遮盖。该外周覆盖印刷物优选也用于遮盖全息图元件的环绕边缘。复合玻璃板的外玻璃板和内玻璃板都优选具有覆盖印刷物,从而防止在边缘区域中从两侧透视。
全息图元件也可以有缺口或孔,例如在所谓的传感器窗口或摄像机窗口的区域中。这些区域被设置成配备有传感器或摄像机,其功能可能会受到光束路径中的全息图元件的损害。
全息图元件优选布置在复合玻璃板的整个宽度和整个高度上,特别优选减去宽度为例如5mm至50mm的环绕边缘区域。因此保护全息图元件免于与周围大气接触并免于腐蚀。环绕的边缘区域的宽度可以是恒定的或变化的。
复合玻璃板可以是例如运载工具的挡风玻璃板或顶玻璃板或其它运载工具装配玻璃,例如运载工具中,优选轨道运载工具或公共汽车中的分隔玻璃板。替代地,复合玻璃板可以是例如在建筑物外立面中的建筑装配玻璃或建筑物内部的分隔玻璃板。
本发明还包括用于为观察者显示信息的投影装置,其至少包括根据本发明的复合玻璃板和从内部指向全息图元件的投影器。根据本发明的复合玻璃板在此可以如上在各种实施方案中描述的那样设计。
投影装置的投影器发射全息图元件的所述一个全息图或如果存在多于一个全息图时多个全息图所响应的波长的光。
在根据本发明的投影装置中,由投影器发射的光在复合玻璃板的内玻璃板的内侧表面上的不希望的反射由于抗反射涂层而最小化。
本发明还涉及制造复合玻璃板的方法,其中至少:
a)提供具有外侧表面和内侧表面的外玻璃板、第一中间层、具有至少一个全息图的全息图元件和具有外侧表面和内侧表面的内玻璃板以及施加在内侧表面上的抗反射涂层,
b)形成层堆叠体,其中第一中间层布置在外玻璃板和内玻璃板之间,全息图元件布置在外玻璃板和第一中间层之间或内玻璃板和第一中间层之间,
c)将层堆叠体通过层压接合。
全息图元件可以如上所述包含例如重铬酸盐明胶或卤化银明胶或光聚合物作为全息材料。
在根据本发明的方法的上述实施方案中,在层压之前将抗反射涂层施加到内玻璃板的内侧表面上。
替代地,也可以在层压之后才将抗反射涂层施加到内玻璃板的内侧表面上,以使得首先在步骤a)中提供未涂覆的内玻璃板。
因此,根据本发明还有制造复合玻璃板的方法,其中至少:
a)提供具有外侧表面和内侧表面的外玻璃板、第一中间层、具有至少一个全息图的全息图元件和具有外侧表面和内侧表面的内玻璃板,
b)形成层堆叠体,其中第一中间层布置在外玻璃板和内玻璃板之间,全息图元件布置在外玻璃板和第一中间层之间或内玻璃板和第一中间层之间,
c)将层堆叠体通过层压接合,
d)将抗反射涂层施加到内玻璃板的内侧表面上。
应理解的是,在步骤a)中,代替其中记录有至少一个全息图的全息图元件,分别替代地也可以提供由光敏材料制成的未曝光的全息图元件前体。因此,也可以在步骤b)中形成层堆叠体,并在步骤c)中与未曝光的全息图元件前体或与具有记录的全息图元件的最终全息图元件层压。应理解的是,当在步骤a)中提供未曝光的全息图元件前体时,根据本发明的方法包括在层堆叠体层压之后在全息图元件前体中记录至少一个全息图的附加步骤。
层堆叠体优选在热、真空和/或压力的作用下层压。本身已知的方法可用于层压,例如高压釜法、真空袋法、真空环法、压延法、真空层压机或其组合。
如果复合玻璃板应弯曲,则外玻璃板和内玻璃板优选在层压之前进行弯曲过程。外玻璃板和内玻璃板优选共同地(即同时并使用相同的工具)一致地弯曲,因为玻璃板的形状由此最佳地彼此匹配以用于稍后进行的层压。例如,玻璃弯曲过程的典型温度为500℃至700℃。
玻璃板边缘区域中的可能存在的不透明覆盖印刷物,即特别是环绕的黑色印刷物优选使用丝网印刷法施加。
上面结合根据本发明的复合玻璃板描述的实施方式也以相同的方式适用于根据本发明的方法。
本发明还包括根据本发明的具有至少一个全息图的复合玻璃板作为运载工具或建筑物中的内部装配玻璃或外部装配玻璃,特别是作为水陆空交通运输工具中,特别是机动车中的运载工具玻璃板,特别是作为用作平视显示器的投影面的挡风玻璃板的用途。
参考附图和实施例更详细地解释本发明。附图是示意图而不是按比例绘制的。附图不以任何方式限制本发明。其中:
图1显示了根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的一个实施方式的俯视图,
图2显示了穿过图1所示的根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的实施方式的截面,
图3显示了穿过根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的另一个实施方式的截面,
图4显示了穿过根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的另一个实施方式的截面,
图5显示了全息图元件的一个实施方案的截面,
图6显示了全息图元件的另一个实施方案的截面,
图7显示了全息图元件的另一个实施方案的截面,
图8显示了根据本发明的复合玻璃板的一个实施方案的截面,
图9显示了根据本发明的复合玻璃板的另一个实施方案的截面,
图10显示了根据本发明的复合玻璃板的另一个实施方案的截面,并且
图11使用流程图显示了根据本发明的方法的一个实施例。
图1显示了根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的一个实施方式的俯视图,并且图2显示了沿切割线X-X′穿过图1中所示的根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的实施方式的截面。在图1所示的实施方案中,复合玻璃板100具有上边缘O、下边缘U和两个侧边缘S。如图2所示,复合玻璃板100包括具有外侧表面I和内侧表面II的外玻璃板1、第一中间层3、全息图元件4、具有外侧表面III和内侧表面IV的内玻璃板2和抗反射涂层6。在图1和2所示的实施方案中,全息图元件4布置在外玻璃板1和内玻璃板2之间的整面上,第一中间层3布置在外玻璃板1和全息图元件4之间的整面上,并且抗反射涂层6布置在内玻璃板2的内侧表面IV的整面上。
外玻璃板1例如由钠钙玻璃组成并且厚度为2.1mm。内玻璃板2例如由钠钙玻璃组成并且厚度为1.6mm。
在图1和2所示的实施方案中,第一中间层3例如是热塑性中间层并且例如由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)组成并且厚度为0.76mm。
在图1和2所示的实施方案中,全息图元件4例如如图5或7所示那样设计。如果全息图元件4如在图7所示那样设计,则全息图元件4优选这样布置,以使得第一基底层8被布置成与第一中间层3直接邻接。
图3显示了根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的另一个实施方式的截面。图3中以截面示出的复合玻璃板100与图2中所示的复合玻璃板的不同之处仅在于,第一中间层3布置在内玻璃板2和全息图元件4之间。
在图3所示的实施方案中,全息图元件4例如如图5或7所示那样设计。如果全息图元件4如在图7所示那样设计,则全息图元件4优选这样布置,以使得第一基底层8被布置成与第一中间层3直接邻接。
图4显示了根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的另一个实施方式的截面。图4中以截面示出的复合玻璃板100与图2中所示的不同之处在于,第二中间层7布置在全息图元件4和内玻璃板2之间。第二中间层7例如是热塑性中间层并且例如由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)组成并且厚度为0.76mm。
在图4所示的实施方案中,全息图元件4例如如图5、6或7所示那样设计。
图5显示了全息图元件4的一个实施方案的截面。在图5所示的实施方案中,全息图元件4由全息材料5组成。全息材料5例如是光聚合物、重铬酸盐明胶或卤化银明胶。
图6显示了全息图元件4的另一个实施方案的截面。在图6所示的实施例方案中,全息图元件4包括第一基底层8、第二基底层9和布置在它们之间的全息材料5。全息材料5例如是光聚合物、重铬酸盐明胶或卤化银明胶。
图7显示了全息图元件4的另一个实施方案的截面。在图7所示的实施方案中,全息图元件4包括第一基底层8和全息材料5。全息材料5例如是光聚合物、重铬酸盐明胶或卤化银明胶。
图8显示了根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的另一个实施方式的截面。图8中以截面示出的复合玻璃板100与图2中所示的复合玻璃板的不同之处仅在于,在抗反射涂层6上布置保护层10。如图8中可见,保护层10布置在抗反射涂层6的背对内玻璃板2的表面上。
图9显示了根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的另一个实施方式的截面。图9中以截面示出的复合玻璃板100与图3中所示的复合玻璃板的不同之处仅在于,在抗反射涂层6上布置保护层10。如图9中可见,保护层10布置在抗反射涂层6的背对内玻璃板2的表面上。
图10显示了根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的另一个实施方式的截面。图10中以截面示出的复合玻璃板100与图4中所示的复合玻璃板100的不同之处仅在于,在抗反射涂层6上布置保护层10。如图10中可见,保护层10布置在抗反射涂层6的背对内玻璃板2的表面上。
图11使用流程图显示了制造根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的根据本发明的方法的一个实施例,其包括以下步骤:
S 1提供具有外侧表面I和内侧表面II的外玻璃板1、第一中间层3、具有至少一个全息图的全息图元件4和具有外侧表面III和内侧表面IV的内玻璃板2和施加在内侧表面IV上的抗反射涂层6。
S2形成层堆叠体,其中第一中间层3布置在外玻璃板1和内玻璃板2之间,并且全息图元件4布置在外玻璃板1和第一中间层3之间或内玻璃板2和第一中间层3之间。
S3将层堆叠体通过层压接合。
附图标记列表:
100 复合玻璃板
1 外玻璃板
2 内玻璃板
3 第一中间层
4 全息图元件
5 全息材料
6 抗反射涂层
7 第二中间层
8 第一基底层
9 第二基底层
10 保护层
I 外玻璃板1的外侧表面
II 外玻璃板1的内侧表面
III 内玻璃板2的外侧表面
IV 内玻璃板2的内侧表面
O 上边缘
U 下边缘
S 侧边缘
X-X′ 切割线。

Claims (15)

1.复合玻璃板(100),其至少包括
-具有外侧表面(I)和内侧表面(II)的外玻璃板(1),
-具有外侧表面(III)和内侧表面(IV)的内玻璃板(2),
-第一中间层(3),和
-具有至少一个全息图的全息图元件(4),
其中第一中间层(3)布置在外玻璃板(1)和内玻璃板(2)之间,全息图元件(4)布置在外玻璃板(1)和第一中间层(3)之间或内玻璃板(2)和第一中间层(3)之间,
并且其中在内玻璃板(2)的内侧表面(IV)上布置抗反射涂层(6)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中所述全息图元件(4)包含全息材料(5)和任选的第一基底层(8)和/或第二基底层(9)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中所述全息材料(5)包含光聚合物、重铬酸盐明胶或卤化银明胶。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中所述全息图元件(4)包含全息材料(5),并且所述全息材料(5)被设计为外玻璃板(1)的内侧表面(II)的涂层或内玻璃板(2)的外侧表面(III)的涂层。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其中全息图元件(4)布置在第一中间层(3)和内玻璃板(2)之间,并且复合玻璃板(100)另外包括第二中间层(7),所述第二中间层布置在内玻璃板(2)和全息图元件(4)之间。
6.根据权利要求5所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中所述全息图元件(4)包含全息材料(5)、第一基底层(8)和第二基底层(9),其中在全息材料(5)和第一中间层(3)之间布置第一基底层(8),并且在全息材料(5)和第二中间层(7)之间布置第二基底层(9)。
7.根据权利要求1、2、3或5所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中所述全息图元件(4)包含第一基底层(8)和全息材料(5)。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中所述第一中间层(3)和/或第二中间层(7)彼此独立地是热塑性中间层、胶粘层或光学透明胶粘剂。
9.根据权利要求2、3、6、7或8中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中所述第一基底层(8)和/或第二基底层(9)包含聚酰胺(PA)、三乙酸纤维素(TAC)和/或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中所述抗反射涂层(6)基于纳米多孔氧化硅或由交替布置的具有不同折射率的层形成。
11.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中所述抗反射涂层(6)由19nm厚的氮化硅层、布置在其上的23nm厚的二氧化硅层、布置在其上的114nm厚的氧化锌锡层和布置在其上的97nm厚的二氧化硅层形成,或抗反射涂层(6)由13nm厚的氮化硅层、布置在其上的29nm厚的二氧化硅层、布置在其上的94nm厚的氮化硅层和布置在其上的89nm厚的二氧化硅层形成。
12.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中从内玻璃板(2)的内侧表面(IV)开始,抗反射涂层(6)包括恰好一个高折射率层和恰好一个低折射率层,其中高折射率层的折射率大于1.9且厚度为最多40nm,并且低折射率层的折射率小于1.6且厚度为最多60nm。
13.投影装置,其包括根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100)和从内部指向全息图元件(4)的投影器。
14.制造根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100)的方法,其中至少
a)提供具有外侧表面(I)和内侧表面(II)的外玻璃板(1)、第一中间层(3)、具有至少一个全息图的全息图元件(4)和具有外侧表面(III)和内侧表面(IV)的内玻璃板(2)以及施加在内侧表面(IV)上的抗反射涂层(6),
b)形成层堆叠体,其中第一中间层(3)布置在外玻璃板(1)和内玻璃板(2)之间,全息图元件(4)布置在外玻璃板(1)和第一中间层(3)之间或内玻璃板(2)和第一中间层(3)之间,
c)将层堆叠体通过层压接合。
15.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100)作为运载工具或建筑物中的内部装配玻璃或外部装配玻璃,特别是作为水陆空交通运输工具中,特别是机动车中的运载工具玻璃板,特别是作为用作平视显示器的投影面的挡风玻璃板的用途。
CN202380008191.3A 2022-01-26 2023-01-23 具有全息图元件和抗反射涂层的复合玻璃板 Pending CN116829351A (zh)

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