CN1142819C - NOx吸收催化转化器的控制方法及其应用 - Google Patents

NOx吸收催化转化器的控制方法及其应用 Download PDF

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CN1142819C
CN1142819C CNB998018503A CN99801850A CN1142819C CN 1142819 C CN1142819 C CN 1142819C CN B998018503 A CNB998018503 A CN B998018503A CN 99801850 A CN99801850 A CN 99801850A CN 1142819 C CN1142819 C CN 1142819C
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catalytic converter
regeneration
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absorbing medium
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H·哈恩
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/0275—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a NOx trap or adsorbent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/146—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration
    • F02D41/1463—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration of the exhaust gases downstream of exhaust gas treatment apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
    • F01N2550/03—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems of sorbing activity of adsorbents or absorbents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D2041/1468—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an ammonia content or concentration of the exhaust gases

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Abstract

根据本发明，利用贫油混合气运转的发动机(1)的NOX吸收式催化转化器(3)的再生期的结束是通过用传感器(5)探测NOX吸收介质的再生结束而决定的，该传感器对弥漫的废气产物具有横振敏感性，这些废气产物在催化转化器处于再生结束时存在。还原的可由具有横振敏感性的NOX传感器所探测出来的废气成分如CO和NH3可被用作再生结束时的废气产物。通过测知再生起点和终点，就可以推断出不同的控制函数和各种信息，其中包括控制富油混合气发动机的工作结束、对发动机控制器(6)中的再生模型的修正以及催化转化器的老化程度。

Description

NOX吸收催化转化器的控制方法及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及使用NOX传感器来控制NOX吸收催化转化器，尤其是涉及通过用NOX传感器监测废气地控制催化转化器再生。
背景技术
在贫油运转的快燃发动机中，由于燃烧不充分而在废气中产生了因对环境有巨大危害而必须被清除的氮氧化物NOX。NOX吸收催化转化器优先地被用于脱除低标号的废气，其中催化转化器的吸收介质在贫油运转时吸收NOX并在发动机富油运转时再次排放NOX。因此，通过还原富油废气成分而减少了在催化转化器中释放的NOX。
吸收催化转化器的NOX吸收介质可吸收NOX的数量是有限的，因此，NOX吸收介质在发动机长期贫油运转后损失了吸收能力。在这里，NOX吸收介质不断再生是很必要的。这种再生可在经过预定时间后进行，但这与NOX吸收介质再生有关地总是引起这样的缺点，即虽然NOX吸收介质的工作能力不会完全丧失，但随着发动机运转次数增多，而在富油运转状态下造成燃油消耗加剧。此外，也可以根据现有发动机参数来计算NOX吸收介质的承载量，但这只能得出近似值。因此，在该再生方法中，有必要留出一定安全余地以适应更高的燃料需求量。另外，必需的再生时刻可直接由NOX传感器并借助NOX信号的上涨情况来确定，其中当NOX吸收介质被充满时，该NOX信号便会出现。但人们在这里总在问，像在富油料条件下进行的再生过程到底需要多长时间，才能完全排空NOX吸收介质。不管怎样，发动机富油运转的时间应尽可能不超过NOX吸收介质必需完全再生产的时间，因为否则的话，我们要考虑不必要的更高的燃料消耗。
在DE-A-19511548中，公开了一种还原内燃机废气中的氮氧化合物的方法和装置，所述内燃机在贫油运转和符合化学计算的运转或富油运转中交替工作。在NOX吸收介质后的废气流动方向上，通过合适的传感器探测废气成分中的碳氢化合物、一氧化碳和氮氧化物。用这种方法不可能精确测知再生期，因此燃料耗量不是最理想的。
发明内容
本发明的任务是提供一种确定NOX吸收催化转化器的再生结束的方法，以便能够使发动机富油运转间歇期适应于必需的NOX吸收介质再生时间。
上述任务的技术方案在于一种用于测定可贫油运转的发动机的NOX吸收催化转化器的再生间隔开始和结束的方法，其中通过一个NOX传感器探测再生阶段开始，用该传感器探测所述催化转化器的NOX吸收介质的再生结束，该传感器对至少一种废气产物具有横振敏感性，所述废气产物是还原的废气成分并且其从催化转化器的排出被用于确定再生阶段的结束。
可用来确定贫油运转发动机的NOX吸收催化转化器的再生结束的本发明操作方法可通过一台传感器探测到确切的结束时刻。这个时刻可显示出对废气产物的横振敏感性。随着再生过程的日趋接近完成，从催化转化器中逸出的废气产物也不断增多。如果传感器不仅能探测到预先设定的NOX敏感性，还能至少探测到另一产物的话，则存在横振敏感性。然而该产物在非再生过程中并不产生或不显著产生，这样的测量结果在非再生过程中并无影响。
出现的产物最好是已还原的废气成分如CO和NH3。NOX传感器最好被用作传感器，它具有所谓的横振敏感性。由于也可以用NOX传感器精确地探测氮氧化物，所以可以精确地确定所需要的再生期，这导致了贫油发动机的最佳燃料消耗。
通过确定再生期的实际开始和结束，从而向发动机控制提供了一系列的机会。
另一方面，传感器信号如上所述地被用于结束氮氧化物吸收介质的再生阶段和再次低速运转发动机。
此外，传感器信号还可以用来修正存储于发动机控制器中的NOX吸收介质再生模型。好要说明的是，再生及其持续时间通常是根据发动机控制器所获发动机特性曲线族而推算出的。因为特性曲线族没有充分地描绘出发动机运转时的性能，所以特性曲线族通过识别实际的再生期而适应于实际情况，这是因为不是时不时地进行再生，而是根据所测的传感器信号而进行再生。发动机控制器还可以确定所获特性曲线族与实际的差别。这可以根据固定计划进行，例如每5-5000次且最好是10-500次或每100次就可以根据传感器信号确定再生期。在热机后，根据实际测量结果，每1-5次就进行再生。
此外，将实际再生期与马达控制器所获理论再生期比较，这样传感器信号即再生结束时刻就可被用于确定催化转化器的老化程度。
附图说明
可参考附图来描述一个优选的实施例。
图1示意地示出了贫油运转的发动机。
图2示意地示出了在贫油-富油循环中的NOX传感器的状况。
具体实施方式
贫油发动机1的发动机装置包括一个可贫油运转的发动机1，它的废气处理系统包括前置催化转化器2、NOX吸收催化转化器3和安装在废气处理系统尾管中的NOX传感器5。NOX传感器5的测量信号在发动机控制器6中经过处理，所述控制器控制着发动机1且尤其是富油-贫油运转过程。作为NOX传感器5可以是厚膜式NOX传感器，如可以从卡图等人的“Performance of Thick Film NOX-Sensor on Diesel and Gasoline Engines”，Soc.Of Automotive Engineers，1997，第199页-第221页中了解。这样的NOX传感器例如是由Fa NGK Spark Plugs Co./NTK生产的。
图2显示了在可贫油运转的发动机的贫油-富油循环过程中的NOX传感器的状况。相对NOX传感器输出信号R地示出了时间t。同时，NOX传感器5如图1所示地设置在NOX吸收催化转化器3的后面。在0到tS时间内，发动机贫油运转。随着NOX吸收介质不断被填满，NOX不断浓缩，最终超过了NOX吸收介质的承受极限，因此就会通过NOX吸收介质被排出。由此导致了总在升高的NOX传感器5输出信号曲线。随着到达预定临界值或者当NOX吸收介质增长达到预定梯度时，也就是说在时刻tS，转换到富油或经化学计算的发动机运转状态以便实现NOX吸收介质的再生。在催化转化器3后可以得出一个峰值，其高度和持续时间依赖于所用催化转化器的氧化物吸收能力以及转化质量，在发生于tS-tRE间隔中再生过程中，NOX浓度在催化转化器3后降低，也就是说，曲线在理想状态下最终回零。同时，NOX传感器5的输出信号也趋为零。在再生期中，由发动机1释放出的富油成分在催化转化器3中被用于消耗NOX。在时刻tRE，NOX吸收介质的再生结束，就是说，NOX存储器中已不再存储NOX，因为NOX已为还原消耗掉了废气富油成分。废气富油成分经催化转化器3流出。因为NOX传感器相对至少一种还原废气成分具有横振敏感性，所以在NOX传感器中的富油成分造成输出信号A上升。接着，确定tRE时刻，该时刻标志着在催化转化器3后的还原成分的出现，及催化转化器3的NOX存储器的再生的结束，发动机转换到贫油运转状态。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于测定可贫油运转的发动机(1)的NOX吸收催化转化器(3)的再生间隔开始(tS)和结束(tRE)的方法，其中通过一个NOX传感器(5)探测再生阶段开始(tS)，其特征在于，用该传感器(5)探测所述催化转化器(3)的NOX吸收介质的再生结束(tRE)，该传感器对至少一种废气产物具有横振敏感性，所述废气产物是还原的废气成分并且其从催化转化器(3)的排出被用于确定再生阶段的结束(tRE)。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述还原成分是CO。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述还原成分是NH3。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法被用于控制催化转化器(3)的NOX吸收介质的再生过程。
5.如权利要求2所述的方法被用于控制催化转化器(3)的NOX吸收介质的再生过程。
6.如权利要求3所述的方法被用于控制催化转化器(3)的NOX吸收介质的再生过程。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法被用于修正发动机控制器的NOX吸收介质的再生模型。
8.如权利要求2所述的方法被用于修正发动机控制器的NOX吸收介质的再生模型。
9.如权利要求3所述的方法被用于修正发动机控制器的NOX吸收介质的再生模型。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法被用来确定催化转化器的老化状态，其是将实际的再生期和在发动机控制器中所储存的理论再生期作比较。
11.如权利要求2所述的方法被用来确定催化转化器的老化状态，其是将实际的再生期和在发动机控制器中所储存的理论再生期作比较。
12.如权利要求3所述的方法被用来确定催化转化器的老化状态，其是将实际的再生期和在发动机控制器中所储存的理论再生期作比较。
CNB998018503A 1998-02-27 1999-02-10 NOx吸收催化转化器的控制方法及其应用 Expired - Fee Related CN1142819C (zh)

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DE19808382A DE19808382A1 (de) 1998-02-27 1998-02-27 Steuerung eines NOx-Absorber-Katalysator
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