CN114271410A - Feather meal-containing prawn feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Feather meal-containing prawn feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114271410A CN114271410A CN202111601525.7A CN202111601525A CN114271410A CN 114271410 A CN114271410 A CN 114271410A CN 202111601525 A CN202111601525 A CN 202111601525A CN 114271410 A CN114271410 A CN 114271410A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a feather meal-containing prawn feed and a preparation method thereof, wherein the feed comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of fly maggot powder, 10-30 parts of fish meal, 15-30 parts of houttuynia cordata, 3-5 parts of feather meal, 5-15 parts of vinasse, 5-15 parts of daphnia powder, 1-10 parts of soybean lecithin, 1-5 parts of compound vitamin, 1-5 parts of monocalcium phosphate and the balance of additives. The invention provides a feed containing feather meal for prawns and a preparation method thereof, the feed has good palatability, improves the ingestion of prawns, improves the disease resistance rate and the survival rate, promotes the rapid growth, has high protein content and is easy to absorb, and further can replace fish meal in conventional feed, thereby effectively reducing the production cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feeds, in particular to a feather meal-containing prawn feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The prawn is a shrimp belonging to the genus Penaeus of the family Penaeidae of the order Dermatophagoides of the phylum Arthropoda of the class Micaenariales. The prawn is large-yield and high-economic-value group of marine prawn, especially large-medium species such as light marine prawn, new prawn, etc., and small species such as Ongchis, brachypodium, white prawn, penaeus, etc. In addition smaller Acetes species produce especially large quantities in warmer offshore areas. The total yield of shrimp and crab fishery all over the world reaches more than 200 million tons. In recent years, marine shrimps such as penaeus chinensis, penaeus japonicus, penaeus vannamei, penaeus monodon and the like belonging to the genus Penaeus; freshwater macrobrachium species such as macrobrachium malabaricum and its congeneric species, and blue crabs have been cultured in large quantities and the yield is rapidly increasing.
The traditional prawn feed mainly comprises biological feed, the prawn growth period is long, the overall quality is common, feather meal feed appears in the market at present, but the components of the feather meal feed are few, the feather meal feed needs to be matched with other feeds for feeding together, and the cultivation is not convenient enough. Therefore, the inventor provides the prawn feed containing feather meal and the preparation method thereof by combining various factors.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a feather meal-containing prawn feed and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a feed containing feather meal for prawns comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of fly maggot powder, 15-30 parts of houttuynia cordata, 3-5 parts of feather meal, 10-30 parts of fish meal, 5-15 parts of vinasse, 5-15 parts of daphnia flea powder, 1-10 parts of soybean lecithin, 1-5 parts of compound vitamin, 1-5 parts of monocalcium phosphate and the balance of additives.
As a further scheme of the invention: the weight parts of the ingredients are as follows: 35 parts of fly maggot powder, 15 parts of fish meal, 20 parts of houttuynia cordata, 3 parts of feather meal, 7 parts of vinasse, 7 parts of daphnia flea powder, 3 parts of compound vitamin, 2 parts of soybean phospholipid, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate and additive.
As a further scheme of the invention: the additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of phagostimulant, 15-55 parts of immunoglobulin, 1-15 parts of antioxidant, 1-15 parts of mildew preventive and 1-10 parts of binder.
As a further scheme of the invention: the additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of phagostimulant, 15 parts of immunoglobulin, 5 parts of antioxidant, 5 parts of mildew preventive and 5 parts of binder.
The vitamin complex comprises equal parts of a mixture of vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin D and vitamin E.
The preparation method of the feather meal-containing prawn feed comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing finished fly maggot powder, fish meal, vinasse, daphnia powder, soybean lecithin, compound vitamin, monocalcium phosphate and additives, drying houttuynia cordata in the sun, crushing into powder for later use, and processing feathers into powder for later use;
step 2: pouring fly maggot powder, fish meal, feather meal, daphnia powder, soybean lecithin, compound vitamin, monocalcium phosphate and two-thirds of additives into a mixing tank, continuously stirring for 10-15 min, adding water while stirring, stopping stirring until the mixture is in a bulk state, introducing oxygen, and standing;
and step 3: stirring and mixing the houttuynia cordata and the vinasse in a new mixing tank, then irradiating for 20-30 min, standing for 1-5 min after irradiation, pouring the rest of additives into the mixture, and continuously stirring;
and 4, step 4: uniformly pouring the product obtained in the step (3) into a mixing tank obtained in the step (2), stirring simultaneously, and adding a proper amount of water when the mixture is dry;
and 5: fully modulating the mixed materials by hot saturated steam, then entering a wet-process bulking machine for bulking and granulating, drying the bulked granules in a dryer, controlling the moisture content to be less than 10%, cooling by a cooler, weighing and packaging.
As a further scheme of the invention: the preparation method of the houttuynia cordata comprises the following steps:
step 31: cleaning fresh herba Houttuyniae, and naturally sun drying to half dry;
step 32: putting the semi-dry houttuynia cordata into a standing tank, adding rhodobacter capsulatus strain fermentation liquor until the final concentration is 3-6 multiplied by 107CFU/g, and carrying out anaerobic standing for 3-5 d, wherein the rhodobacter capsulatus strain is rhodobacter capsulatus 3 strain, and the preservation number is CGMCC No: 11753, respectively;
step 33: taking out after standing, continuously airing until the moisture content is 25-30%, and placing the clothes into a room for ventilation and drying;
step 34: and (5) drying the mixture indoors until the moisture content is 12-15%, and crushing the mixture into powder by using a crusher.
As a further scheme of the invention: the preparation steps of the feather powder comprise the following steps:
step 21: putting clean poultry feathers into an enzymolysis tank, adding protease to carry out enzymolysis reaction, wherein the enzymolysis temperature is 45-55 ℃, the enzymolysis time is 12-17 h, and the pH is 5-6;
step 22: taking out the enzymolysis product, and dehydrating and drying;
step 23: drying, and pulverizing into powder with pulverizer.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the step 23, after the feathers are pulverized into powder, adding culture medium powder of bacillus methylotrophicus to mix, wherein the strain of bacillus methylotrophicus is bacillus methylotrophicus HL-4, and the preservation number is GDMCCNo: 60002 sterilizing the culture medium, cooling, and drying to get powder.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a prawn feed containing feather meal and a preparation method thereof, the feed has good palatability, improves the ingestion of prawns, improves the disease resistance rate and the survival rate, promotes the rapid growth, has high protein content and is easy to absorb, and further can replace fish meal in conventional feed, thereby effectively reducing the production cost;
2. according to the invention, rhodobacter capsulatus strains are further added, so that the rhodobacter capsulatus strains have stronger antibacterial activity and digestive enzyme activity, a new marine animal intestinal microorganism with antibacterial activity is provided, a new method is provided for disease control in aquatic animal cultivation, improvement of feed digestibility and water quality of aquatic animals and the like by utilizing animal endogenous active strains, and benign development of the aquatic animal cultivation is promoted;
3. according to the method, the feather meal is added with the culture medium powder of the bacillus methylotrophicus, and the bacillus is utilized to further carry out enzymolysis on the feather meal, so that the absorption utilization rate of the prawns on feather meal feed is further improved, the excrement discharge of the prawns is reduced, the control of the culture water quality is facilitated, and the pollution damage of the water quality on the prawns is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a preparation process of a preparation method of a prawn feed containing feather meal.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a preparation process of feather meal in a preparation method of a prawn feed containing feather meal.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the preparation process of houttuynia cordata in a preparation method of a feather meal-containing prawn feed.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present patent will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: referring to fig. 1 to 3, a feed for prawns containing feather meal comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 20 parts of fly maggot powder, 10 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of houttuynia cordata, 3 parts of feather meal, 5 parts of vinasse, 5 parts of daphnia powder, 1 part of soybean lecithin, 1 part of compound vitamin, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 30 parts of phagostimulant, 15 parts of immunoglobulin, 1 part of antioxidant, 1 part of mildew preventive and 1 part of binder;
the vitamin complex is a mixture comprising equal parts of vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin D and vitamin E.
The preparation method of the feather meal-containing prawn feed comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing finished fly maggot powder, fish meal, vinasse, daphnia powder, soybean lecithin, compound vitamin, monocalcium phosphate and additives, drying houttuynia cordata in the sun, crushing into powder for later use, and processing feathers into powder for later use;
step 2: pouring fly maggot powder, fish meal, feather meal, daphnia powder, soybean lecithin, compound vitamin, monocalcium phosphate and two-thirds of additives into a mixing tank, continuously stirring for 10-15 min, adding water while stirring, stopping stirring until the mixture is in a bulk state, introducing oxygen, and standing;
and step 3: stirring and mixing the houttuynia cordata and the vinasse in a new mixing tank, then irradiating for 20-30 min, standing for 1-5 min after irradiation, pouring the rest of additives into the mixture, and continuously stirring;
and 4, step 4: uniformly pouring the product obtained in the step (3) into a mixing tank obtained in the step (2), stirring simultaneously, and adding a proper amount of water when the mixture is dry;
and 5: fully modulating the mixed materials by hot saturated steam, then entering a wet-process bulking machine for bulking and granulating, drying the bulked granules in a dryer, controlling the moisture content to be less than 10%, cooling by a cooler, weighing and packaging.
The preparation method of the houttuynia cordata comprises the following steps:
step 31: cleaning fresh herba Houttuyniae, and naturally sun drying to half dry;
step 32: putting the semi-dry houttuynia cordata into a standing tank, adding rhodobacter capsulatus strain fermentation liquor until the final concentration is 3-6 multiplied by 107CFU/g, and carrying out anaerobic standing for 3-5 d, wherein the rhodobacter capsulatus strain is rhodobacter capsulatus 3 strain, and the preservation number is CGMCC No: 11753 (public);
step 33: taking out after standing, continuously airing until the moisture content is 25-30%, and placing the clothes into a room for ventilation and drying;
step 34: and (5) drying the mixture indoors until the moisture content is 12-15%, and crushing the mixture into powder by using a crusher.
The preparation method of feather powder comprises the following steps:
step 21: putting clean poultry feathers into an enzymolysis tank, adding protease to carry out enzymolysis reaction, wherein the enzymolysis temperature is 45-55 ℃, the enzymolysis time is 12-17 h, and the pH is 5-6;
step 22: taking out the enzymolysis product, and dehydrating and drying;
step 23: and (2) after drying, crushing the mixture into powder by using a crusher, adding culture medium powder of bacillus methylotrophicus, and mixing, wherein the strain of the bacillus methylotrophicus is bacillus methylotrophicus HL-4, and the preservation number is GDMCCNo: 60002 (published), sterilizing the culture medium, cooling, and drying to obtain powder.
Preparing the prawn feed of the first embodiment according to the preparation method;
example two: the formula comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 40 parts of fly maggot powder, 30 parts of fish meal, 30 parts of houttuynia cordata, 5 parts of feather meal, 15 parts of vinasse, 15 parts of daphnia powder, 10 parts of soybean lecithin, 5 parts of compound vitamin, 5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 30 parts of phagostimulant, 15 parts of immunoglobulin, 15 parts of antioxidant, 15 parts of mildew preventive and 10 parts of binder; preparing the prawn feed of the second embodiment according to the preparation method of the first embodiment;
and (5) feeding test of prawns.
Experimental results are expressed as mean standard deviations using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical data and when ANOVA showed significant differences between treatments, Duncan's multiple comparisons were used to analyze differences between groups. All statistical analyses used SPSS11.5 statistical software with P <0.05 as differential significance.
Preparing five kinds of prawn feed, wherein the feed A comprises the following components: purchasing a certain brand of prawn base feed in the market; and (3) feed B: adding 20% of the feed containing feather meal for prawns into a basic feed; and (3) feed C: a certain brand of feather meal feed group is purchased in the market; and (3) feed D: the prawn feed of the first embodiment; and (3) feed E: the prawn feed of the second embodiment.
The initial weight of 2.03g of Litopenaeus vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) is fed by the compound feed for 70 days. In an indoor cement round pool with the diameter of 2.0m3And (4) grouping. The culture water is filtered after being precipitated. 80 shrimp tails are cultivated in each pond, and 3 feeds in each group are parallel. And continuous inflation is maintained. The water temperature in the culture process is 19.6-25.2 ℃, and the salinity is 30-31%.
The B, C, D, E groups of feed can quickly promote the growth of prawns. In particular, feed group D was significantly higher than each of the other groups, with a 35% increase in weight gain compared to the other groups.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present patent have been described in detail, the present patent is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present patent within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. The feed containing feather meal for prawns is characterized by comprising the following ingredients in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of fly maggot powder, 10-30 parts of fish meal, 15-30 parts of houttuynia cordata, 3-5 parts of feather meal, 5-15 parts of vinasse, 5-15 parts of daphnia powder, 1-10 parts of soybean lecithin, 1-5 parts of compound vitamin, 1-5 parts of monocalcium phosphate and the balance of additives.
2. The feather meal-containing prawn feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ingredients are, in parts by weight: 35 parts of fly maggot powder, 15 parts of fish meal, 20 parts of houttuynia cordata, 3 parts of feather meal, 7 parts of vinasse, 7 parts of daphnia flea powder, 3 parts of compound vitamin, 2 parts of soybean phospholipid, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate and additive.
3. The feather meal-containing prawn feed as claimed in claim 2, wherein the additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of phagostimulant, 15-55 parts of immunoglobulin, 1-15 parts of antioxidant, 1-15 parts of mildew preventive and 1-10 parts of binder.
4. The feather meal-containing prawn feed as claimed in claim 3, wherein the additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of phagostimulant, 15 parts of immunoglobulin, 5 parts of antioxidant, 5 parts of mildew preventive and 5 parts of binder.
5. The feather meal-containing prawn feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein said vitamin complex comprises a mixture of equal parts of vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin D and vitamin E.
6. The method for preparing the feather meal-containing prawn feed as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: preparing finished fly maggot powder, fish meal, vinasse, daphnia powder, soybean lecithin, compound vitamin, monocalcium phosphate and additives, drying houttuynia cordata in the sun, crushing into powder for later use, and processing feathers into powder for later use;
step 2: pouring fly maggot powder, fish meal, feather meal, daphnia powder, soybean lecithin, compound vitamin, monocalcium phosphate and two-thirds of additives into a mixing tank, continuously stirring for 10-15 min, adding water while stirring, stopping stirring until the mixture is in a bulk state, introducing oxygen, and standing;
and step 3: stirring and mixing the houttuynia cordata and the vinasse in a new mixing tank, then irradiating for 20-30 min, standing for 1-5 min after irradiation, pouring the rest of additives into the mixture, and continuously stirring;
and 4, step 4: uniformly pouring the product obtained in the step (3) into a mixing tank obtained in the step (2), stirring simultaneously, and adding a proper amount of water when the mixture is dry;
and 5: fully modulating the mixed materials by hot saturated steam, then entering a wet-process bulking machine for bulking and granulating, drying the bulked granules in a dryer, controlling the moisture content to be less than 10%, cooling by a cooler, weighing and packaging.
7. The method for preparing the feather meal-containing prawn feed as claimed in claim 6, wherein the preparation steps of the houttuynia cordata comprise the following steps:
step 31: cleaning fresh herba Houttuyniae, and naturally sun drying to half dry;
step 32: putting the semi-dry houttuynia cordata into a standing tank, adding rhodobacter capsulatus strain fermentation liquor until the final concentration is 3-6 multiplied by 107CFU/g, and carrying out anaerobic standing for 3-5 d, wherein the rhodobacter capsulatus strain is rhodobacter capsulatus 3 strain, and the preservation number is CGMCC No: 11753, respectively;
step 33: taking out after standing, continuously airing until the moisture content is 25-30%, and placing the clothes into a room for ventilation and drying;
step 34: and (5) drying the mixture indoors until the moisture content is 12-15%, and crushing the mixture into powder by using a crusher.
8. The method for preparing the feather meal-containing prawn feed as claimed in claim 6, wherein the preparation steps of the feather meal comprise the following steps:
step 21: putting clean poultry feathers into an enzymolysis tank, adding protease to carry out enzymolysis reaction, wherein the enzymolysis temperature is 45-55 ℃, the enzymolysis time is 12-17 h, and the pH is 5-6;
step 22: taking out the enzymolysis product, and dehydrating and drying;
step 23: drying, and pulverizing into powder with pulverizer.
9. The method for preparing the prawn feed containing the feather powder as claimed in claim 8, wherein in the step 23, after the feathers are pulverized into powder, the powder is added into a culture medium of bacillus methylotrophicus to be mixed, wherein the strain of the bacillus methylotrophicus is bacillus methylotrophicus HL-4 with the preservation number of GDMCCNo: 60002 sterilizing the culture medium, cooling, and drying to get powder.
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