CN114267952B - 1bit dual-polarization digital coding unit and beam scanning array antenna system - Google Patents
1bit dual-polarization digital coding unit and beam scanning array antenna system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114267952B CN114267952B CN202111675641.3A CN202111675641A CN114267952B CN 114267952 B CN114267952 B CN 114267952B CN 202111675641 A CN202111675641 A CN 202111675641A CN 114267952 B CN114267952 B CN 114267952B
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Abstract
The application relates to a 1bit dual-polarized radiation unit and a beam scanning array antenna system. The radiation structure includes: a connecting unit and a radiating unit; the connecting unit is a main cross structure consisting of four guide plates, and each guide plate is provided with a diode to control the on-off of the guide plate; the radiation unit comprises two semicircular radiation patches, one radiation patch is connected with the tail ends of two adjacent guide plates in the main cross structure, and the other radiation patch is connected with the tail ends of the other two guide plates; the direction of the diodes on the two guide plates corresponding to the same radiation patch is opposite; the two radiation patches are symmetrical, and the two groups of corresponding ends are connected through capacitors to form an annular configuration; the guide plate comprises a first connecting part and a second connecting part; the head end of the first connecting part forms an auxiliary cross structure; the head end of the second connecting part is connected with the tail end of the corresponding first connecting part; the tail end of the second connecting part is connected with the corresponding radiation patch. The section of the device is low, integration is easy, and the device is simple in structure and low in cost.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of communication antennas, in particular to a 1bit dual-polarized digital coding unit and a beam scanning array antenna system.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous development of super-surface technology, antenna systems using super-surface units to implement polarization reconfiguration and beam scanning have attracted wide attention.
For a beam scanning antenna, the phased array antenna is the most mature beam scanning antenna system at present, but the phased array antenna needs to use a large number of phase shifters and complex control circuits in a T/R assembly, and the phase of a unit is changed by controlling the phase shifters, so that the control of a radiation beam of the antenna system is realized.
In addition, the reflection/transmission array antenna system designed by the super-surface technology can also realize the control of the phase through controlling the PIN tube integrated in the antenna unit so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the wave beam. However, for the reflective/transmissive array, a feed source is required to irradiate the whole array surface, so that the antenna profile is inevitably too high, integration is not facilitated, and the application scene of the antenna is greatly limited. Meanwhile, the irradiation of the feed source may cause energy leakage and thus reduce the overall efficiency of the antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a 1bit dual-polarized digital coding unit and a beam scanning array antenna system, which have the advantages of low profile, easy integration, simple structure and low cost.
A1 bit dual polarization digital coding unit, comprising: a radiating structure, a DC bias circuit and a radio frequency circuit;
the radiation structure includes: a connecting unit and a radiating unit;
the connecting unit is of a cross structure consisting of four guide plates, and a diode is arranged on each guide plate to control the on-off of the guide plates;
the radiation unit comprises two semicircular radiation patches, one radiation patch is connected with the tail ends of two adjacent guide plates in the cross structure, and the other radiation patch is connected with the tail ends of the other two guide plates; the direction of the diodes on the two guide plates corresponding to the same radiation patch is opposite; the two radiation patches are symmetrical, and two groups of corresponding ends are connected through capacitors to form an annular configuration;
the direct current bias circuit is connected with the outer ring of the radiation patch and used for controlling each diode;
the radio frequency circuit is connected with the center of the connecting unit.
In one embodiment, each guide plate is provided with an arc-shaped parasitic patch;
each parasitic patch is co-circular, and the center of the circle coincides with the center of the cross structure.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: a dielectric layer; the dielectric layer comprises an upper dielectric plate and a lower dielectric plate; the upper dielectric plate and the lower dielectric plate are fixed through a middle bonding sheet;
the radiation structure is fixedly arranged at the top of the upper dielectric plate, and the direct current bias circuit and the radio frequency circuit are fixedly arranged at the bottom of the lower dielectric plate, so that the radiation structure is simultaneously isolated from the direct current bias circuit and the radio frequency circuit.
In one embodiment, the dc bias circuit includes: the four direct current bias branches correspond to the diodes one to one, and each direct current bias branch is connected with the outer ring corresponding to the radiation patch through a direct current metal tube;
the radio frequency circuit is connected with the connecting unit through a bidirectional metal pipe;
the direct current metal pipe and the bidirectional metal pipe vertically penetrate through the medium layer.
In one embodiment, the dc bias branch comprises: fan-shaped branches and direct current wiring harnesses;
and the fan-shaped branch knots are simultaneously connected with a direct-current power supply and the corresponding direct-current metal tubes through the direct-current wire harnesses.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: four high-impedance lines corresponding to the direct-current metal tubes one by one;
the direct current metal tube is connected with the outer ring corresponding to the radiation patch through the high-impedance line.
In one embodiment, the radius of the fan-shaped branch and the length of the high-impedance line are both 1/4 radiant wave wavelengths.
In one embodiment, a metal floor is arranged on the top of the lower medium plate;
through holes which are in one-to-one correspondence with the direct current metal pipes are arranged on the medium layer, and annular sinking grooves are arranged on the hole walls of the through holes corresponding to the middle layer bonding sheets and are used as isolating rings for isolating the direct current metal pipes from the metal floor.
A beam scanning array antenna system, comprising: the dual-polarization digital coding unit comprises a dual-polarization digital coding unit and a power divider;
the number of the dual-polarized digital coding units is the same as that of the ports of the power divider;
and each power divider port is connected with the radio frequency circuit corresponding to the dual-polarized digital coding unit.
In one embodiment, the power divider has twelve ports, and each of the ports is arranged at intervals along a straight line.
The 1-bit dual-polarization digital coding unit is an active radiation unit, is provided with a radiation structure integrating four PIN diodes and two DC blocking capacitors, controls the on-off of the diodes through a DC bias circuit, enables the diodes to be in a horizontal or vertical polarization state, is used for realizing the switching of the 1-bit dual-polarization state, can meet the requirements on different polarizations under different environmental conditions, and expands the application scene of an antenna; meanwhile, no energy is leaked, and the overall efficiency of the antenna is improved; the unit is not a reflection/transmission unit, so that the antenna has the advantages of low profile, easiness in integration and the like, has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and the like compared with a phased array antenna, provides a solution idea for replacing a phased array in the future, and is high in practicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a 1-bit dual-polarized digital coding unit in one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is another diagram of a 1-bit dual-polarized digital coding unit in one embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a radiating structure in one embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a DC bias circuit and RF circuitry in one embodiment;
FIG. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a PIN diode in one embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a simulation S11 parameter diagram of the 1-bit dual-polarized digital coding unit in four states in one embodiment;
fig. 7 is a three-dimensional spatial radiation pattern of the 1-bit dual-polarized digital coding unit in the embodiment when f is 11.1 GHz;
fig. 8 is a two-dimensional spatial radiation pattern of the 1-bit dual-polarized digital coding unit in an embodiment when f is 11.1 GHz;
FIG. 9 is a diagram of a power divider in an embodiment;
fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating rf signal amplitudes at each port of the power divider according to an embodiment;
fig. 11 is a graph illustrating output phases of the ports of the power divider according to an embodiment;
FIG. 12 is a two-element subarray that is horizontally polarized in one embodiment;
fig. 13 is a three-dimensional spatial radiation pattern for 11.1GHz at "00" in one embodiment;
fig. 14 is a two-dimensional spatial radiation pattern for 11.1GHz at f in the "00" state in one embodiment;
fig. 15 is a three-dimensional spatial radiation pattern of f-11.1 GHz at "01" in one embodiment;
fig. 16 is a two-dimensional spatial radiation pattern for f-11.1 GHz in the "01" state in one embodiment;
FIG. 17 is a simulated S parameter plot for a two-cell subarray according to one embodiment;
fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of a 1 × 12 element linear array composed of 1-bit dual-polarized digital coding elements in one embodiment;
FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of a beam scanning array antenna system in one embodiment;
fig. 20 is a simulation S11 parameter graph of a 1 x 12 element linear array in one embodiment;
fig. 21 is a three-dimensional spatial radiation pattern of a 1 × 12 linear array antenna system encoded with a theoretical 25.6 ° deflection encoding in an embodiment where f is 11.1 GHz;
fig. 22 is a two-dimensional spatial radiation pattern of an embodiment in which a 1 × 12 linear array antenna system is encoded in a coding manner with a theoretical deflection of 25.6 ° when f is 11.1 GHz;
fig. 23 is a three-dimensional spatial radiation pattern of an embodiment in which a 1 × 12 linear array antenna system is encoded in a coding manner with a theoretical 16.8 ° deflection when f is 11.1 GHz;
fig. 24 is a two-dimensional spatial radiation pattern of an embodiment in which a 1 × 12 linear array antenna system is encoded with a theoretical 16.8 ° deflection coding scheme when f is 11.1 GHz.
The reference numbers:
the high-impedance radiating patch comprises a diode 11, a first connecting part 12, a second connecting part 13, a parasitic patch 14, a radiating patch 21, a capacitor 22, a fan-shaped branch 31, a direct-current wire harness 32, a radio-frequency circuit 4, an upper dielectric plate 51, a lower dielectric plate 52, a middle bonding sheet 53, a metal floor 54, a bidirectional metal tube 61, a direct-current metal tube 62, an isolating ring 63, a high-impedance line 64 and a direct-current bias circuit 7.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that all the directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present application are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, and the like in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indication is changed accordingly.
In addition, descriptions in this application as to "first", "second", etc. are for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicit to the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present application, "plurality of groups" means at least two groups, e.g., two groups, three groups, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "secured" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral part; the connection can be mechanical connection, electrical connection, physical connection or wireless communication connection; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.
In addition, technical solutions between the various embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of the technical solutions by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination of technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the protection scope of the present application.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a 1-bit dual-polarized digital coding unit provided in the present application, in one embodiment, includes: a radiating structure, a DC bias circuit and a radio frequency circuit 4;
the radiation structure includes: a connecting unit and a radiating unit;
the connecting unit is of a cross structure consisting of four guide plates, and a diode 11 is arranged on each guide plate to control the on-off of the guide plates;
the radiation unit comprises two semicircular radiation patches 21, wherein one radiation patch 21 is connected with the tail ends of two adjacent guide plates in the cross structure, and the other radiation patch is connected with the tail ends of the other two guide plates; the direction of the diodes on the two guide plates corresponding to the same radiation patch 21 is opposite; the two radiation patches 21 are symmetrical, and two groups of corresponding ends are connected through a capacitor 22 to form an annular configuration;
the dc bias circuit is connected to the outer loop of the radiation patch 21 for controlling each of the diodes 11;
the radio frequency circuit is connected with the center of the connecting unit.
The 1bit dual-polarized digital coding unit in the embodiment can be used for a communication antenna. The dual-polarized radiation unit is a 1bit active radiation unit, has dual polarization (horizontal polarization/vertical polarization) characteristics, and can form an electrically controlled beam scanning array antenna in an array mode.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, two diodes are integrated in the horizontal and vertical directions of the radiation structure, respectively. When the antenna works in horizontal polarization, the diodes in the vertical direction are in a turn-off state, the two diodes in the horizontal direction are turned on and off, and electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna are horizontal polarized waves (for example, the left diode and the right diode in the horizontal direction are turned on and off, the phase position of the left diode and the right diode is 0 degrees and is represented by a number '0', the phase position of the left diode and the right diode is turned off and is 180 degrees and is represented by a number '1'), and therefore a characteristic of 1bit is realized). Vertical polarization works the same (diodes are off in the horizontal direction, one is on and off in the vertical direction). When two diodes in the same direction are respectively switched on, the antenna unit corresponds to two different radiation phases of 0 degree (0) and 180 degrees (1), namely a 1bit unit.
The diode is a PIN diode, an equivalent circuit of the diode is shown in fig. 5, the on state is equivalent to the series connection of a resistor and an inductor, and the off state is equivalent to the series connection of a capacitor and an inductor.
The on/off of the PIN diode can be controlled by using a direct current bias voltage, so that a corresponding direct current bias circuit is designed. The dc bias circuit may be implemented by the prior art and will not be described herein.
The control of the PIN diode integrated in the antenna by the dc bias circuit enables a flexible and convenient adjustment of the radiation polarization state/beam pointing of the antenna. For the polarization reconfigurable antenna, the requirement of a system on a separate antenna can be eliminated, the communication capacity of the system is improved, and the channel multiplexing rate is increased.
The capacitor in this embodiment is a dc blocking capacitor (dc path is cut off). The radiation structure is divided into two parts by the blocking capacitor, and different bias voltages can be applied to the two parts so as to control the on/off of 2 PIN diodes contained in the two parts.
The radio frequency circuit 4 (radio frequency signal line) adopts a step-type impedance converter form, a capacitor is integrated on the radio frequency circuit for isolating direct current signals, direct current is prevented from entering a radio frequency channel, and meanwhile, the impedance matching problem can be solved when the radio frequency circuit is connected between ports of a feed network (an antenna unit and a power divider feed network of one-twelve).
The polarization states of the antenna in the prior art cannot be compatible, and only can be horizontal or vertical, but one structure can be used for being compatible with two polarization states, for example, the horizontal state is used during transmitting, the vertical state is used during receiving, and the capacity of a communication system can be improved by being compatible with the two polarization states.
In a phased array antenna, the expression for beam-forming is:
it can be seen from the equation that the beam pointing direction can be changed if the phase can be changed in multiples or continuously, while the operating wavelength and the phase difference between adjacent array elements remain unchanged. The 1-bit unit is used for designing a phase distribution condition of the linear array, and further the aim of changing the beam direction is achieved.
The 1-bit dual-polarization digital coding unit is an active radiation unit, is provided with a radiation structure integrating four PIN diodes and two DC blocking capacitors, controls the on-off of the diodes through a DC bias circuit, enables the diodes to be in a horizontal or vertical polarization state, is used for realizing the switching of the 1-bit dual-polarization state, can meet the requirements on different polarizations under different environmental conditions, and expands the application scene of an antenna; meanwhile, no energy is leaked, and the overall efficiency of the antenna is improved; the unit is not a reflection/transmission unit, so that the antenna has the advantages of low profile, easiness in integration and the like, has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and the like compared with a phased array antenna, provides a solution idea for replacing a phased array in the future, and is high in practicability.
In one embodiment, each of the guide plates is provided with an arc-shaped parasitic patch 14; each parasitic patch 14 is co-circular and the center of the circle coincides with the center of the cross structure.
The parasitic patch 14 may improve the radiation characteristics of the antenna and improve cross-polarization performance.
In one embodiment, the guide plate comprises a first connection portion 12 and a second connection portion 13; the head ends of the first connecting parts 12 are connected to form an auxiliary cross structure; the head end of the second connecting part 13 is connected with the tail end of the corresponding first connecting part 12 through the corresponding diode; the end of the second connection portion 13 is connected to the inner ring of the corresponding radiation patch.
Preferably, the secondary cross structure is integrally formed. The second connection portions 13 are integrally formed with the corresponding radiation patches.
In one embodiment, the central position of the connection unit has a connection structure to connect a signal source and/or a ground return.
The signal source may be a port of a radio frequency circuit.
In one embodiment, further comprising: a dielectric layer; the dielectric layer comprises an upper dielectric plate 51 and a lower dielectric plate 52; the upper dielectric plate 51 and the lower dielectric plate 52 are fixed by a middle bonding sheet 53; the radiation structure is fixedly arranged at the top of the upper dielectric plate 51, and the direct current bias circuit and the radio frequency circuit are fixedly arranged at the bottom of the lower dielectric plate 52, so that the radiation structure is simultaneously isolated from the direct current bias circuit and the radio frequency circuit.
In this embodiment, the radiating structure, the dc bias circuit and the rf circuit are all printed on the dielectric layer.
The upper dielectric sheet 51 was a Rogers4350B dielectric sheet having a thickness of 1.524mm, a dielectric constant of 3.66, and a loss tangent of 0.0037; the lower dielectric slab 52 is a Rogers4350B dielectric slab having a thickness of 0.508mm and a dielectric constant of 3.66.
The two dielectric sheets were bonded by a semi-cured middle adhesive sheet 53, which was a PP-4450 sheet with a thickness of 0.1mm, a dielectric constant of 3.52, and a loss tangent of 0.0014. The adhesion of the prepreg can help signal conduction.
In one embodiment, the dc bias circuit includes: four direct current bias branches corresponding to the diodes one to one, wherein each direct current bias branch is connected with an outer ring corresponding to the radiation patch through a direct current metal tube 62; the radio frequency circuit is connected with the connecting unit through a bidirectional metal pipe 61; the direct current metal pipe and the bidirectional metal pipe vertically penetrate through the medium layer.
The direct current metal pipe and the bidirectional metal pipe are connected with a channel between the upper layer and the lower layer. The radiation structure of the upper layer is connected with the radio frequency circuit (radio frequency port) of the lower layer and the direct current grounding loop through the bidirectional metal tube, and the direct current bias circuit of the lower layer is connected with the radiation structure of the upper layer through the direct current metal tube.
The whole direct current bias circuit is grounded through a bidirectional metal tube, so that a closed loop is formed. One end of the radio frequency circuit (the step impedance converter) is connected with the feed source, and the other end of the radio frequency circuit (the step impedance converter) is a grounded high-impedance line, so that a direct current signal path is formed.
The bidirectional metal tube has two loops: one is a radio frequency loop, the feed source inputs signals into a radio frequency circuit, and the signals are transmitted to an upper layer radiation structure through a bidirectional metal tube and then radiated; one is a direct current loop, and direct current signals of the lower layer are transmitted to the radiation structure of the upper layer through a direct current metal pipe, then transmitted to the central connecting structure and transmitted to the ground through a bidirectional metal pipe.
In one embodiment, the dc bias branch comprises: a fan-shaped branch 31 and a direct current harness 32; the fan-shaped branch knot 31 is simultaneously connected with a direct-current power supply and the corresponding direct-current metal pipe through the direct-current wiring harness.
The fan-shaped branch 31 is used for inhibiting radio frequency signal leakage; the dc harness 32 is a high impedance line, and has one end connected to the dc input port.
In one embodiment, further comprising: four high-impedance lines 64 corresponding to the direct-current metal pipes one to one; the dc metal tube is connected to the outer ring of the corresponding radiation patch by corresponding to the high impedance line 64. The radius of the fan-shaped branch and the length of the high-impedance line 64 are both 1/4 radiant wave wavelengths.
Through the arrangement, the radio-frequency signal is equivalent to an open circuit after passing through the high-impedance line 64 and the fan-shaped branch 31, and the purpose of inhibiting the radio-frequency signal leakage can be achieved.
In one embodiment, a metal floor 54 is provided on top of the lower dielectric slab; through holes which are in one-to-one correspondence with the direct current metal pipes are arranged on the medium layer, and annular sinking grooves are arranged on the hole walls of the through holes corresponding to the middle layer bonding sheets and serve as isolating rings 63 for isolating the direct current metal pipes from the metal floor.
Due to the arrangement of the isolation ring 63, isolation between the direct current path and the metal ground is achieved.
In a specific embodiment, full-wave simulation results of four cases of the dual-polarized radiation unit in horizontal polarization and vertical polarization states are given.
As shown in fig. 6, S11 parameters of full-wave simulation results for four cases of antenna element horizontal polarization and vertical polarization are given. The four operating states are not completely consistent due to the asymmetry of the feed structure, but the operating bands are substantially overlapped, and the inconsistency is acceptable. Due to the symmetry of the cells, the radiation patterns of the four states are substantially identical, where only the pattern in one state is given.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the radiation patterns of the dual-polarized radiation unit in three-dimensional space and two-dimensional space are respectively when f is 11.1 GHz.
The present application further provides a beam scanning array antenna system, which in one embodiment comprises: 1bit dual-polarized digital coding unit and power divider; the number of the 1-bit dual-polarized digital coding units is the same as that of the ports of the power divider; and each power divider port is connected with a radio frequency circuit corresponding to the dual-polarized radiation unit.
In this embodiment, the dual-polarized radiation units may form an electronically controlled beam scanning array antenna in an array mode, and form a beam deflection linear array by designing a twelve-fold feed network.
The number of 1-bit dual-polarized digital coding units is generally more than 10, for example: 16, 24. Limited by the design of the power divider, preferably 12, 12 1-bit dual-polarized digital coding units can form a horizontal linear array to realize horizontal polarization or form a vertical linear array to realize vertical polarization.
As shown in fig. 9, the power divider has twelve ports, i.e., a one-to-twelve power divider, each of which is spaced along a straight line. The power divider can realize twelve paths of radio frequency signals with equal amplitude and same phase in the working frequency band of the antenna.
As shown in fig. 10, it can be seen that the output amplitudes of the twelve ports are substantially consistent to the requirements of the antenna array.
As shown in fig. 11, the phase curves are not exactly equal in phase at 11.2GHz, but for this antenna array, the phase only affects the antenna side lobes, and does not affect the overall beam deflection much. Therefore, the phase error is acceptable.
As shown in fig. 12, a horizontally polarized 2-element subarray is shown, which has three states, "00", "11", "01". Since "0" and "1" are actually symmetrical to each other, "00" and "11" are actually the same. Thus, the 2-element subarray has only 2 states in fact, namely "00", "01".
As shown in fig. 13 to 16, a three-dimensional spatial radiation pattern with f equal to 11.1GHz in the "00" state, a two-dimensional spatial radiation pattern with f equal to 11.1GHz in the "00" state, a three-dimensional spatial radiation pattern with f equal to 11.1GHz in the "01" state, and a two-dimensional spatial radiation pattern with f equal to 11.1GHz in the "01" state are given.
Fig. 17 is a simulated S parameter for a 2-element subarray having a-10 dB impedance bandwidth of approximately 11GHz-11.3GHz, and relatively objective antenna gain. The simulated directional diagram shows that the directional diagram of the antenna in the two states of 00 and 01 has different shapes, and the antenna unit can be used as a beam scanning antenna array unit and can be used for realizing the design of a beam scanning antenna array.
As shown in fig. 18 and 19, the power divider is fed by a 50 ohm SMA contact. The beam scanning array antenna system is also integrated with a direct current bias circuit, and the tail end of the direct current bias circuit is provided with a metalized through hole for mounting a DuPont wire socket, so that later-stage experimental verification is facilitated. The 1 x 12 linear array antenna system realizes the integrated design of the radio frequency circuit and the direct current circuit, the influence of the direct current bias signal on the radio frequency signal is considered in simulation, and the overall reliability of the system is improved.
In order to verify the beam deflection performance of the 1 × 12 linear array, full-wave simulation calculation was performed by using a repetition coding synthesis method. Full-wave simulation results of a 1 x 12 linear array system with theoretical deflection values of 25.6 ° and 16.8 ° were verified.
The coding mainly comprises the steps of coding the on-off state of the diode, changing the radiation state of 12 units to realize the deflection of beams, for example, a linear array is arranged according to 001100110011, and a deflection with a theoretical value of 25.6 degrees can be obtained; encoded in the manner of 000111000111, a deflection of theoretical 16.8 ° can be obtained.
Fig. 20 shows simulation S11 parameters of a 1 × 12 linear array antenna system, which are consistent with simulation of S parameters of an antenna unit working interval;
fig. 21 is a three-dimensional spatial radiation pattern of a 1 × 12 linear array antenna system encoded in a coding manner with a theoretical deflection of 25.6 ° when f is 11.1 GHz;
fig. 22 is a two-dimensional spatial radiation pattern of a 1 × 12 linear array antenna system that encodes in a coding mode of theoretically deflecting 25.6 ° when f is 11.1GHz, the deflection angle of the antenna system is 25 °, which is consistent with the theoretical value, and the gain reaches 8.7dBi, and the cross polarization performance of the antenna is good;
fig. 23 is a three-dimensional spatial radiation pattern of a 1 × 12 linear array antenna system encoded in a coding manner with a theoretical deflection of 16.8 ° when f is 11.1 GHz;
fig. 24 shows a two-dimensional spatial radiation pattern of a 1 × 12 linear array antenna system encoded in a coding mode of theoretically deflecting 16.8 ° when f is 11.1GHz, the deflection angle of the antenna system is 16 °, the antenna system is matched with the theoretical value, the gain reaches 8.7dBi, and the cross polarization performance of the antenna is good.
The unit that this application provided is dual polarized unit, and 1 × 12 linear array antenna system is based on horizontal polarization and accomplishes, because the reciprocity of cell structure, for the vertical polarization state, the result is unanimous with horizontal polarization, so will not be repeated. Furthermore, horizontal polarization and vertical polarization can be integrated in the same antenna system by designing a two-dimensional planar array antenna system, and the communication capacity of the antenna can be greatly improved.
In summary, the invention provides a 1-bit dual-polarized active dual-polarized radiation unit, which has the advantages of low profile, easy integration and the like after being arrayed compared with the currently proposed reflective/transmissive unit, and meanwhile, the antenna can realize the switching of the dual-polarized state, thereby improving the communication capacity of the system and increasing the channel reuse rate. The power divider is designed to carry out 1 × 12 linear array design, the full-wave simulation result realizes corresponding beam deflection, meanwhile, the gain and cross polarization level are good, the antenna array is verified to have the capability of beam regulation and dual polarization work, compared with the traditional phased array system, the phased array system has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and the like, and the system requirement in a complex environment can be met.
The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these are all within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A1 bit dual polarization digital coding unit, characterized by comprising: a radiating structure, a DC bias circuit and a radio frequency circuit;
the radiation structure includes: a connecting unit and a radiating unit;
the connecting unit is of a cross structure consisting of four guide plates, and a diode is arranged on each guide plate to control the on-off of the guide plates;
the radiation unit comprises two semicircular radiation patches, one radiation patch is connected with the tail ends of two adjacent guide plates in the cross structure, and the other radiation patch is connected with the tail ends of the other two guide plates; the direction of the diodes on the two guide plates corresponding to the same radiation patch is opposite; the two radiation patches are symmetrical, and two groups of corresponding ends are connected through capacitors to form an annular configuration;
the direct current bias circuit is connected with the outer ring of the radiation patch and used for controlling each diode;
the radio frequency circuit is connected with the center of the connecting unit.
2. The 1bit dual-polarized digital coding unit according to claim 1, wherein each guide plate is provided with an arc-shaped parasitic patch;
each parasitic patch is co-circular, and the center of the circle coincides with the center of the cross structure.
3. The 1-bit dual-polarized digital coding unit according to claim 2, further comprising: a dielectric layer; the dielectric layer comprises an upper dielectric plate and a lower dielectric plate; the upper dielectric plate and the lower dielectric plate are fixed through a middle bonding sheet;
the radiation structure is fixedly arranged at the top of the upper dielectric plate, and the direct current bias circuit and the radio frequency circuit are fixedly arranged at the bottom of the lower dielectric plate, so that the radiation structure is simultaneously isolated from the direct current bias circuit and the radio frequency circuit.
4. The 1-bit dual-polarized digital coding unit according to claim 3, wherein the DC bias circuit comprises: the four direct current bias branches correspond to the diodes one to one, and each direct current bias branch is connected with the outer ring corresponding to the radiation patch through a direct current metal tube;
the radio frequency circuit is connected with the connecting unit through a bidirectional metal pipe;
the direct current metal pipe and the bidirectional metal pipe vertically penetrate through the medium layer.
5. The 1bit dual polarized digital coding unit of claim 4, wherein the DC bias branch comprises: fan-shaped branches and direct current wiring harnesses;
and the fan-shaped branch knots are simultaneously connected with a direct-current power supply and the corresponding direct-current metal tubes through the direct-current wire harnesses.
6. The 1bit dual polarized digital coding unit of claim 5, further comprising: four high-impedance lines corresponding to the direct-current metal tubes one by one;
the direct current metal tube is connected with the outer ring corresponding to the radiation patch through the high-impedance line.
7. The 1bit dual polarized digital coding unit of claim 6, wherein the radius of the fan-shaped branches and the length of the high impedance line are both 1/4 radiant wave wavelengths.
8. The 1bit dual-polarized digital coding unit according to claim 4 or 5, wherein a metal floor is arranged on the top of the lower dielectric plate;
through holes which are in one-to-one correspondence with the direct current metal pipes are arranged on the medium layer, and annular sinking grooves are arranged on the hole walls of the through holes corresponding to the middle layer bonding sheets and are used as isolating rings for isolating the direct current metal pipes from the metal floor.
9. A beam scanning array antenna system, comprising: the dual polarized digital coding unit of any of claims 1 to 8 and a power divider;
the number of the dual-polarized digital coding units is the same as that of the power divider ports;
and each power divider port is connected with a radio frequency circuit corresponding to the dual-polarized digital coding unit.
10. The beam scanning array antenna system of claim 9, wherein the power divider has twelve ports, each of the ports being spaced along a line.
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| CN114937861B (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2023-07-14 | 湖南大学 | One-bit radiation reflection integrated antenna unit and array antenna system |
| CN115966895B (en) * | 2023-03-17 | 2023-06-02 | 湖南大学 | One-bit broadband programmable subsurface unit and multi-beam array antenna |
| CN116487877B (en) * | 2023-03-21 | 2024-05-31 | 深圳大学 | Four-phase adjustable electromagnetic super-surface unit and array |
| CN116231300B (en) * | 2023-05-04 | 2023-11-17 | 湖南大学 | 1bit broadband radiation type reconfigurable unit and beam scanning array antenna |
| CN116231301B (en) * | 2023-05-04 | 2023-07-21 | 湖南大学 | Double-feed programmable unit and reflected radiation single-dual-beam scanning array antenna |
| CN116805764B (en) * | 2023-08-22 | 2023-11-24 | 湖南大学 | Dual-frenquency transmission unit and transmission array antenna |
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