CN112928484B - Low-RCS (Radar Cross section) coding super-surface antenna capable of dynamically regulating and controlling scattering performance and design method thereof - Google Patents
Low-RCS (Radar Cross section) coding super-surface antenna capable of dynamically regulating and controlling scattering performance and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
Abstract
The invention discloses a low RCS coding super surface antenna capable of dynamically regulating and controlling scattering performance and a design method thereof, wherein the antenna array comprises: the antenna array comprises a rectangular metal patch layer, a first dielectric layer, a metal back plate layer, a second dielectric layer, a coaxial feed network for feeding the antenna array, a third dielectric layer and a bottom direct current offset feed network, wherein the rectangular metal patch layer can dynamically regulate and control scattering performance, and all structural layers are seamlessly laminated together in sequence; the plurality of coaxial metal feed columns penetrate through the coaxial feed network and are grounded; and a plurality of bias metal feed columns penetrate through the direct current bias feed network and are connected with the positive electrode of the power supply. Based on the phase cancellation principle, the scattering phase of the dynamic scattering metal layer is changed by changing the on and off states of 1 and 0 of the switching diode, so that the radiation performance of the antenna is ensured, and the RCS reduction of the whole antenna is realized by randomly electrifying different units, and the aim of stealth is fulfilled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave antennas, and particularly relates to a low-RCS (Radar Cross section) coding super-surface antenna capable of dynamically regulating and controlling scattering performance and a design method thereof.
Background
In order to improve the survival and competitive ability of various weaponry in the current complex and variable information-based war, the research on stealth technology of weaponry must be focused. The antenna is used as a special strong scatterer, and the normal radiation performance of the antenna is hardly influenced by only using a conventional method for reducing the scattering sectional area of the radar. How to effectively reduce the RCS of the antenna is always a difficult problem in the design of military radar detection systems. Meanwhile, after the traditional antenna is designed, the radiation and scattering characteristics are basically fixed and unchanged, and the antenna can only be applied to a single engineering application system and cannot adapt to the war situation of Bo \35890, cloud and rogue nowadays.
The concept of coding the super surface is firstly proposed in 2014 by the teaching subject group of the Toonan university Toyo iron force, which introduces the design ideas of '0' and '1' in a digital circuit into the super surface design, takes 1 bit as an example, and respectively names the phase difference of 180 degrees by using '0' and '1' codes°The design of the super surface is more flexible. The radiation performance and the scattering characteristic of the traditional antenna are basically fixed after the traditional antenna is designed, and the traditional antenna can only be suitable for a single engineering application system. In addition, the RCS reduction of the super-surface structure is mostly researched by the existing coding super-surface technology, and the comprehensive analysis of the antenna is not combined. Therefore, based on the ideas of coding the super-surface and the super-surface antenna, the radiation characteristic of the antenna and the reduction characteristic of the RCS are respectively researched, the effect of dynamically regulating and controlling the scattering performance of the antenna is presented while the radiation performance of the antenna is basically not influenced, and the method has important significance for adapting an antenna system to future complex and changeable battlefield situations.
Journal literature: lin, Z.X.Screen.Absolute Coding method With ultra wideband background subtraction Reduction [ J ]. IEEE extensions and Wireless Transmission Letters, vol.19, No.7, pp.1201-1205, July 2020; the literature combines two common RCS reduction ideas of wave absorption and phase cancellation, and a layer of coded super surface and a layer of wave absorber are independently designed to respectively act on backscattering for reducing high frequency and low frequency. The high-frequency reflection frequency selection surface is used as an equivalent between the coding super-surface layer and the wave absorber, and meanwhile, the adverse effect caused by high-frequency harmonic resonance is avoided. The structure achieves a reduction in RCS in the range of 1.85-19.2GHz, but does not incorporate antenna analysis.
Journal literature: zhang, j.gao, x.y.cao, l.m.xu, j.f.han.low Scattering Microstrip Antenna Array Using Coding specific Magnetic Conductor group [ J ] IEEE Antennas and Wireless performance Letters, vol.17, No.5, pp.869-872, May 2018; this document first designs two different AMC units and then combines them, replacing the metal plate ground of a conventional microstrip antenna array by means of coded Artificial Magnetic Conductors (AMC). Research shows that the Radar Cross Section (RCS) of the novel antenna array structure is reduced to a certain extent in the frequency band range of 6-13.4GHz, and the reduction of 17 dB and 16.65dB can be respectively obtained under the condition that x-polarized waves and y-polarized waves are vertically incident under the condition of 10 GHz. Although the structure considers replacing the antenna with the coded AMC, the AMC structure is fixed once being designed, only can scatter the scattered wave to a fixed direction, and cannot present a dynamic scattering regulation effect.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a low RCS coded super-surface antenna with dynamically adjustable scattering performance and a design method thereof, so as to solve the problem that the radiation and scattering characteristics of the microstrip antenna after the design is completed are basically fixed, and the microstrip antenna can only be applied to a single engineering application system and cannot adapt to the present war situation of boy 35890, cloud and bug. The scattering phase difference between the '0' unit and the '1' unit meets the requirement of 180 +/-37 degrees by changing the on (1 'unit) and off (0' unit) states of the switching diodes embedded in the rectangular rings with the left and right grooves and the switching diodes connected between the rectangular rings and the metal patches, the radiation characteristic of the antenna array is basically not influenced, and meanwhile, the radar scattering sectional area is greatly reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a low RCS coding super-surface antenna capable of dynamically regulating and controlling scattering performance comprises a super-surface antenna, a coaxial feed layer, a direct current bias feed layer, a plurality of coaxial metal feed columns and a plurality of bias metal feed columns, wherein the super-surface antenna comprises a first dielectric layer, a rectangular metal patch layer arranged on the top of the first dielectric layer and a metal back plate layer arranged on the bottom of the first dielectric layer; the rectangular metal patch layer comprises a plurality of metal patch units which are arranged in an array mode, each metal patch unit comprises a rectangular ring which is symmetrically slotted left and right and a rectangular patch which is arranged in the rectangular ring, the rectangular rings which are symmetrically slotted left and right are connected through a switch diode which is embedded in the slotted position, and the rectangular patches are connected with the rectangular rings through the switch diodes; the coaxial feed network is designed by adopting a Wilkinson power divider model and is used for carrying out coaxial feed on a metal patch unit in the super-surface antenna; the plurality of coaxial metal feed columns correspond to the plurality of metal patch units arranged in an array one by one, penetrate through the super-surface antenna and the second dielectric layer, are grounded, and are simultaneously connected with the coaxial feed network; the plurality of bias metal feed columns penetrate through the rectangular metal patch layer to the third dielectric layer and then are connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, and are simultaneously connected with the direct current bias feed network to supply power to the switch diode in the super-surface antenna; the metal back plate layer is provided with a plurality of holes which are in one-to-one correspondence with the positions of the coaxial metal feed columns and the offset metal feed columns and are used for isolating the coaxial metal feed columns and the offset metal feed columns.
Preferably, the first medium layer, the second medium layer and the third medium layer are made of F4B polytetrafluoroethylene glass cloth paper materials, the dielectric constant is 2.65, and the loss tangent is 0.001.
Preferably, the rectangular metal patch layer capable of dynamically regulating and controlling the scattering phase enables the scattering phase difference between the '0' unit and the '1' unit to meet the requirement of 180 degrees +/-37 degrees by changing the on (1 'unit) and off (0' unit) states of the switching diodes embedded in the left and right slotted rectangular rings and the switching diodes connected between the rectangular rings and the metal patches, and two-dimensional checkerboard type arrangement or other coding structure arrangement is carried out on the antenna units with different scattering factors, so that the scattering zero point can be generated in the traditional reflection direction, the main scattering wave beam is restrained, and the effect of reducing the scattering sectional area of the antenna radar is further realized.
Preferably, the metal layers in the rectangular metal patch layer, the metal back plate layer, the coaxial feed network and the dc offset feed network all use a metal layer with a conductivity σ of 5.8 × 107S/m copper material.
A design method of a low RCS super-surface antenna capable of dynamically regulating and controlling scattering performance comprises the following steps:
1) deducing the original theoretical size of the metal patch unit according to the requirement and a theoretical formula;
2) because the scattering of the antenna is mainly divided into mode item scattering and structural mode item scattering, in order to avoid the influence of an antenna array feed network on the RCS of the antenna, a coaxial feed mode is adopted at the lower layer of the super-surface antenna, so that the initial position of the coaxial metal feed column needs to be deduced according to a theoretical calculation formula of the position of the coaxial feed point, and the optimal position is optimized through simulation;
3) the size and the slotting position of the rectangular metal ring are adjusted to enable the scattering phase of the cross polarization of the coded super-surface antenna array to meet the phase difference of 180 degrees +/-37 degrees in the on and off states of four diodes;
4) the radiation characteristics of the super-surface antenna array are adjusted and optimized by analyzing the current distribution on the surface of the rectangular metal patch layer and the impedance matching condition of the coaxial feed port of the antenna to adjust the sizes of the rectangular patch and the rectangular metal ring;
5) designing a coaxial feed network by adopting a Wilkinson power divider model according to the arrangement mode of the metal patch units;
6) the dc bias feed network is designed to supply power to the switching diode.
7) And combining the super-surface antenna, the coaxial feed network and the direct-current offset feed network to perform joint simulation optimization.
Preferably, the theoretical size calculation formula of the metal patch unit in step 1) is as follows:
where c is the propagation velocity of light in vacuum, f is the specified antenna resonant point frequency, εrIs the relative dielectric constant of the first to third dielectric layers, h is the thickness of the first dielectric layer, W is the width of the radiating edge of the metal patch unit, L is the length of the radiating edge of the metal patch unit, Delta L is the expansion of the length of the radiating edge of the metal patch unit, and epsiloneIs an effective dielectric constant, λeThe wavelength of the waveguide of the rectangular metal patch layer.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the position of the coaxial feeding point in step 2) is as follows:
wherein W is the width of the radiating edge of the metal patch unit, h is the thickness of the first dielectric layer, and ReInput resistance, R, being the edge of a rectangular patchiD is the distance between the coaxial feed point and the center of the rectangular patch unit, and L is the length of the radiating edge of the metal patch unit.
Advantageous effects
The invention has the scattering characteristic that can flexibly regulate and control the scattering wave beam, compared with the reference microstrip antenna array: the curve of the change of the single-station RCS along with the frequency shows (no matter the chessboard layout, the novel chessboard layout or the 0101 nested layout), the invention can realize the effect of reducing the radar scattering sectional area within the frequency band range of 9.0-10.5GHz, taking the chessboard layout as an example, the double-station RCS of the antenna of the invention can realize the effect of reducing the radar scattering sectional area under the frequency band range of 9.0-10.5GHz
The change curve along the angle theta shows that the angle theta is-60 DEGWithin the range of 60 degrees, the RCS of the antenna can obtain the reduction of more than 10dB compared with a reference antenna; when the antenna cross polarization wave is 0 degree,
when the antenna array is incident at an angle, the three-dimensional scattering diagram of the antenna array shows that main scattering wave beams are restrained to point to four quadrants when the antenna array is in a chessboard layout, the main scattering wave beams can be dispersed to four areas according to divided triangular areas when the antenna array is in a new chessboard layout by triangular diagonal angles, and the scattering wave beams can generate a zero point along with the boundary of each 0 and 1 when the antenna array is in a '0101' sequence square ring nested layout; the low RCS coding super-surface antenna array capable of dynamically regulating and controlling the scattering performance can realize the effect of dynamically regulating and controlling the scattering performance of the antenna by randomly controlling the on and off states of pin diodes in 8 × 8 antenna units; because the feed port of the antenna is equivalent to a 50-ohm impedance matching state during radiation, the antenna also has a wave absorbing effect under co-polarized waves, and can also realize a certain reduction effect compared with an RCS (resistance temperature sensing) plate in the working frequency band range of the antenna; in order to study whether the antenna still has a good low RCS effect under the oblique incidence condition, the oblique incidence conditions of theta 20 degrees and theta 60 degrees are respectively subjected to simulation analysis, and three-dimensional scattering directional diagrams show that the antenna still can scatter a main reflected beam to four directions, when an incident wave obliquely enters the plane of the super-surface antenna at the angle of theta 20 degrees, the change curve of the double-station RCS shows that the stealth performance of the antenna is not basically influenced, and when the incident wave obliquely enters the plane of the super-surface antenna at the angle of theta 60 degrees, the change curve of the double-station RCS shows that the stealth performance of the antenna starts to deteriorate.
The invention has good radiation characteristic, takes 8 × 8 antenna arrays as an example, and the whole size of the antenna array is 120mm × 120 mm. Simulation display of combined power divider layer and DC bias three-layer structure is shown by S11Less than or equal to-10 dB, the antenna array has dual-frequency characteristics, the working frequency bands are 9.0-9.5GHz and 10.2-10.6GHz, and the two reference antennas (all pins in the antenna array are in a full ON state and all pins in the antenna array are in a full OFF state)The working frequencies are consistent; when all the pin tubes in the antenna array are in a full conduction state, the gain of the antenna at two working frequency sections is respectively 15.9dB and 19.3 dB; when all the pin tubes in the antenna array are in a complete disconnection state, the gains of the antenna working at the two working frequency sections are respectively 18.9dB and 20.6 dB; when the antenna presents dynamic scattering performance, taking the most common chessboard layout as an example, the gains of the antenna at two resonant frequency points are respectively 18.1dB and 20dB, and obviously, the radiation performance of the coded super-surface antenna array is basically not influenced compared with that of two reference antennas.
The invention aims to solve the problems that the radiation and scattering characteristics of the traditional antenna are basically fixed after the design is finished, the traditional antenna can only be suitable for a single engineering application system and cannot adapt to the modern war situation of Boy 35890, cloud and the decen. By introducing the idea of coding the super-surface, on 0 and off 1 of each unit switch diode in the 8 x 8 super-surface antenna array are randomly controlled to disperse a single main lobe scattering beam of the reference antenna to other non-threatening angles in real time, so that the purpose of hiding the inside and outside of the antenna band can be achieved and different dynamic scattering effects can be presented under the condition that the radiation performance of the antenna is basically not interfered. The method has important research significance for the field of antenna stealth design.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of a low RCS super-surface antenna with dynamically adjustable scattering performance according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a low RCS super-surface antenna with dynamically adjustable scattering performance in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a metal patch unit of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the single station RCS versus frequency curves for a super-surface antenna array structure of the present invention and a reference antenna;
FIG. 5 is a comparison of dual-station RCS versus angle curves for the super-surface antenna array structure of the present invention and a reference microstrip antenna array at 9.5GHz with plane waves incident perpendicularly along the-z axis;
FIG. 6 is a comparison of single station RCS for a super-surface antenna array structure and a metal floor at normal incidence of a co-polarized wave in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 7 is a comparison graph of the dual-station RCS with angle change curves of the super-surface antenna array structure and the reference microstrip antenna array at 9.5GHz when the plane wave and the super-surface plane are obliquely incident at θ ═ 20 ° and θ ═ 60 °, where (a) is the dual-station RCS comparison at oblique incidence at θ ═ 20 ° and (b) is the dual-station RCS comparison at oblique incidence at θ ═ 60 °;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing a comparison of reflection coefficients for a super-surface antenna array and reference antennas ("ON" and "OFF").
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding of those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and drawings, which are not intended to limit the present invention.
Taking a 8 × 8 super-surface antenna array as an example, referring to fig. 1, 2, and 3, the low RCS super-surface antenna array structure capable of dynamically adjusting and controlling scattering performance of the present invention includes: a rectangular metal patch layer (specifically, a rectangular patch 1, a bilaterally symmetrical slotted rectangular ring 3 connected with the rectangular patch through a switch diode 2), a first dielectric layer 4, a metal back plate layer 5, a second dielectric layer 6, a coaxial feed network 7, a third dielectric layer 8, a direct current bias feed network 9, a coaxial metal feed column 10 (penetrating through the first dielectric layer 4 and the second dielectric layer 5 to be connected to the coaxial feed network 7 for grounding), a bias metal feed column 11 (penetrating through the direct current bias network layer 9 from top to bottom for connecting the positive pole of a power supply) and 256 switch diodes 12, wherein the scattering performance of the rectangular metal patch layer can be dynamically regulated and controlled; the metal back plate layer 5 is printed on the lower surface of the first dielectric layer 4, the coaxial feed network 7 is printed on the lower surface of the second dielectric layer 6 to form a coaxial feed layer, and the direct current bias feed network layer 9 is printed on the lower surface of the third dielectric layer 8 to form a direct current bias feed layer.
The first dielectric layer 4, the second dielectric layer 5 and the third dielectric layer 8 are made of 120 mm-120 mm F4B material, the dielectric constant is 2.65, and the loss tangent is 0.001, wherein the thickness of the first dielectric layer 4 is 1.6mm, the thickness of the second dielectric layer 5 is 0.6mm, and the thickness of the third dielectric layer 8 is 1.6 mm; said can be dynamically regulatedThe rectangular metal patch layer with scattering performance, the metal back plate layer 5, the coaxial feed network 7 and the direct current bias network 9 all adopt the structure that the electric conductivity is 5.8 multiplied by 107s/m copper material.
Referring to fig. 3, in the dynamic scattering metal layer unit structure, the coaxial metal feed column 10 is responsible for connecting the coaxial feed network 7 to ground, the offset metal feed column 11 is responsible for connecting the positive power supply, and the metal back plate layer and the coaxial feed layer are correspondingly provided with holes for isolating the coaxial metal feed column 10. The length of the unit structure period is 15mm, the size of the rectangular patch is L W, the length of L is 7.6mm, the length of W is 7.5mm, the length of the outer diameter L1 of the metal ring is 13mm, the length of the slotted gap Ls is 1.5mm, the position g1 away from the center of the rectangular patch is the position of the coaxial metal feed pillar 10, the length of g1 is 1.5mm, and the radius of the coaxial metal feed pillar 10 is 0.5 mm; the central position of the upper half part of the metal square ring is the position of the offset metal feed column 11.
The invention relates to a design method of a low RCS super-surface antenna array based on a coding idea, which comprises the following steps:
1) deducing the original theoretical size of the rectangular patch antenna according to the requirement and a theoretical formula;
2) because the scattering of the antenna is mainly divided into mode item scattering and structural mode item scattering, in order to avoid the influence of an antenna array feed network on the RCS of the antenna, a coaxial feed mode is adopted at the lower layer of the antenna, so that the initial position of a coaxial metal feed column needs to be deduced according to a theoretical calculation formula of the position of the coaxial feed point, and the optimal position is optimized through simulation;
3) the size and the slotting position of the rectangular metal ring are adjusted to enable the scattering phase of the cross polarization of the coded super-surface antenna array to meet the phase difference of 180 degrees +/-37 degrees in the on and off states of four diodes;
4) the radiation characteristics of the super-surface antenna array are adjusted and optimized by analyzing the current and the impedance matching condition of the port and adjusting the sizes of the rectangular patch and the rectangular metal ring.
5) And designing a coaxial feed network by adopting a Wilkinson power divider model according to an 8-by-8 antenna arrangement mode.
6) And designing a corresponding direct current bias feed network according to the 64 direct current bias points to supply power to the switching diode.
7) And combining the super-surface antenna, the coaxial feed network and the direct current offset feed network to perform joint simulation optimization.
Preferably, the theoretical size calculation formula of the metal patch unit in step 1) is as follows:
where c is the propagation velocity of light in vacuum, f is the specified antenna resonant point frequency, εrIs the relative dielectric constant of the first to third dielectric layers, h is the thickness of the first dielectric layer, W is the width of the radiating edge of the metal patch unit (i.e. the width of the rectangular patch), L is the length of the radiating edge of the metal patch unit (i.e. the length of the rectangular patch), Delta L is the expansion of the length of the radiating edge of the metal patch unit, and epsiloneIs an effective dielectric constant, λeThe wavelength of the waveguide of the rectangular metal patch layer.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the position of the coaxial feeding point in step 2) is as follows:
wherein W is the width of the radiating edge of the metal patch unit, h is the thickness of the first dielectric layer, and ReInput resistance, R, being the edge of a rectangular patchiThe input resistance is (50 omega is selected for common coaxial feed), d is the distance from the coaxial feed point to the center of the rectangular patch element, and L is the length of the radiating edge of the metal patch element.
The step 5) of designing the antenna array coaxial feed network by adopting a Wilkinson power divider model comprises the following steps: in order to ensure that the feed of the 8 × 8 antenna units with the same amplitude and phase is realized, the feed network of every four antenna units realizes the feed by the primary one-to-four power division feed network, and every four antenna units of 2 × 2 which finish the primary power division feed are connected by the secondary one-to-four power division feed network, so that the three-level one-to-four power division feed is performed on the last four 4 × 4 antenna array structures, and the design of one-to-sixty-four power division feed network of sixty-four antenna units of the array antenna is realized.
For convenience of understanding and more intuitive explanation, the invention is further described and explained by combining the simulation result of the CST STUDIO 2018:
for the simulation calculation of the curve of the single-station RCS of the antenna and the reference antenna changing along with the frequency, referring to fig. 4, compared with the reference microstrip antenna array, the antenna of the invention (no matter in chessboard layout, novel chessboard layout or 0101 nested layout) can achieve the effect of reducing the radar scattering sectional area within the frequency band range of 9.0-10.5GHz, taking the chessboard layout as an example, the double-station RCS of the antenna of the invention can realize the effect of reducing the radar scattering sectional area under 9.5GHz
The change curve graph 5 along with the angle theta shows that in the range of-60 degrees, the RCS of the antenna can obtain the reduction of more than 10dB compared with a reference antenna, so that the effect of low radar scattering sectional area is verified, and the survival rate of the antenna in a military radar detection system is improved.
The three-dimensional directional diagram of the scattering field at 9.5GHz is subjected to simulation calculation under the condition that the cross polarization waves vertically enter the antenna and the reference antenna array along the-z axis, so that an obvious main peak beam of the three-dimensional scattering diagram of the reference antenna in the mirror image direction can be seen when the cross polarization waves vertically enter the reference antenna; when the chessboard is arranged, the main scattered wave beams are restrained to point to four quadrants; when the new chessboard layout is performed in a triangular diagonal manner, the main scattering wave beams are scattered to four areas according to the divided triangular areas; when the '0101' sequence square ring is nested, the scattered beam generates a null point with each boundary of '0' and '1'. The antenna of the present invention can realize the effect of dynamically regulating and controlling the scattering performance of the antenna by randomly controlling the on and off states of the pin diodes in the 8 × 8 antenna units, and because the feed port of the antenna is equivalent to the impedance matching state of 50 ohms when the antenna is radiating, the antenna of the present invention also has the wave absorbing effect under the co-polarized wave, and can realize a certain reduction effect compared with the RCS of the metal plate in the working frequency band range of the antenna as shown in fig. 6. The three-dimensional scattering directional diagram of the antenna of the present invention in the oblique incidence case of θ being 20 ° and θ being 60 ° also shows that the antenna of the present invention can still scatter the main reflected beam in four directions, when the incident wave and the super-surface antenna plane are in the oblique incidence case of θ being 20 °, the change curve of the dual-station RCS shows that the stealth performance of the antenna is not substantially affected as shown in (a) of fig. 7, and when the incident wave and the super-surface antenna plane are in the oblique incidence case of θ being 60 °, the change curve of the dual-station RCS shows that the stealth performance of the antenna starts to deteriorate as shown in (b) of fig. 7. The simulation result verifies that the antenna of the invention meets the design requirement of the stealth antenna.
For simulation calculation of reflection coefficients of the antenna and the reference antenna array in transmitting and receiving states, as shown in fig. 8, 8 × 8 antenna arrays are taken as an example, and a three-layer structure of a combined coaxial feed network and a direct current offset feed network is simulated and displayed, and S is used for11The standard of less than or equal to-10 dB is adopted, the antenna array presents double-frequency characteristics, the working frequency band is 9.0-9.5GHz and 10.2-10.6GHz, and the working frequency of the antenna array is consistent with that of the two reference antennas (all pin tubes in the antenna array are in a full ON state and all pin tubes in the antenna array are in a full OFF state); it is clear that the radiation performance of the inventive antenna is substantially unaffected compared to the two reference antennas.
The xoz surface gain directional patterns of the antenna and the reference antenna array at two working frequency points in the radiation and receiving states are subjected to simulation calculation, and when all pin tubes in the antenna array are in a full conduction state, the gain of the antenna at the two working frequency points is respectively 15.9dB and 19.3 dB; when all the pin tubes in the antenna array are in a complete disconnection state, the gains of the antenna working at the two working frequency sections are respectively 18.9dB and 20.6 dB; when the antenna exhibits dynamic scattering performance, the gain of the antenna at two resonant frequency points is 18.1dB and 20dB respectively, taking the most common checkerboard layout as an example. It is shown that the gain pattern of the xoz plane of the inventive antenna remains substantially uniform at the resonant frequency while achieving RCS reduction.
While the invention has been described in terms of its preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A low RCS coding super-surface antenna capable of dynamically regulating and controlling scattering performance is characterized by comprising a super-surface antenna, a coaxial feed layer, a direct current bias feed layer, a plurality of coaxial metal feed columns and a plurality of bias metal feed columns, wherein the super-surface antenna comprises a first dielectric layer, a rectangular metal patch layer arranged on the top of the first dielectric layer, and a metal back plate layer arranged on the bottom of the first dielectric layer;
the rectangular metal patch layer comprises a plurality of metal patch units which are arranged in an array mode, each metal patch unit comprises a rectangular ring which is symmetrically slotted left and right and a rectangular patch which is arranged in the rectangular ring, the rectangular rings which are symmetrically slotted left and right are connected through a switch diode which is embedded in the slotted position, and the rectangular patches are connected with the rectangular rings through the switch diodes; the center of the upper half part of the rectangular ring after slotting is the position of the offset metal feed column, and the rectangular patch is connected with the coaxial metal feed column;
the coaxial feed network is designed by adopting a Wilkinson power divider model and is used for carrying out coaxial feed on a metal patch unit in the super-surface antenna;
the plurality of coaxial metal feed columns correspond to the plurality of metal patch units arranged in an array one by one, penetrate through the super-surface antenna and the second dielectric layer, are grounded, and are simultaneously connected with the coaxial feed network;
the plurality of bias metal feed columns penetrate through the rectangular metal patch layer to the third dielectric layer and then are connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, and are simultaneously connected with the direct current bias feed network to supply power to the switch diode in the super-surface antenna;
the metal back plate layer is provided with a plurality of holes which are in one-to-one correspondence with the positions of the coaxial metal feed columns and the offset metal feed columns and are used for isolating the coaxial metal feed columns and the offset metal feed columns.
2. The low-RCS-encoding super-surface antenna capable of dynamically regulating and controlling scattering performance according to claim 1, wherein the first medium layer, the second medium layer and the third medium layer are made of F4B polytetrafluoroethylene glass cloth paper, the dielectric constant is 2.65, and the loss tangent is 0.001.
3. The low-RCS-coding super-surface antenna capable of dynamically regulating and controlling scattering performance according to claim 1, wherein the rectangular metal patch layer, the metal back plate layer, the coaxial feed network and the DC offset feed network are made of copper materials.
4. A method for designing a low RCS super surface antenna with dynamically adjustable scattering performance according to any of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
1) calculating the theoretical size of the metal patch unit;
2) a coaxial feed mode is adopted below the super-surface antenna, the initial position of the coaxial metal feed column is deduced according to a calculation formula of the position of the coaxial feed point, and the optimal position is optimized through simulation;
3) the size and the slotting position of the rectangular ring are adjusted, so that the scattering phase of the cross polarization of the antenna array in the on and off states of the diodes can meet the phase difference of 180 +/-37 degrees;
4) based on the current distribution on the surface of the rectangular metal patch layer and the impedance matching condition of the coaxial feed port, the sizes of the rectangular patch and the rectangular ring are adjusted, and the radiation characteristics of the antenna array are adjusted and optimized;
5) designing a coaxial feed network by adopting a Wilkinson power divider model according to the arrangement mode of the metal patch units;
6) designing a direct current bias feed network to supply power to the switching diode;
7) and combining the super-surface antenna, the coaxial feed network and the direct current offset feed network to perform joint simulation optimization.
5. The method for designing a low-RCS super-surface antenna with dynamically adjustable scattering performance according to claim 4, wherein the theoretical size calculation formula of the metal patch unit in the step 1) is as follows:
where c is the propagation velocity of light in vacuum, f is the specified antenna resonant point frequency, εrIs the relative dielectric constant of the first to third dielectric layers, h is the thickness of the first dielectric layer, W is the width of the rectangular patch in the radiating edge of the metal patch unit, L is the length of the rectangular patch in the metal patch unit, Delta L is the expansion of the length of the rectangular patch in the metal patch unit, and epsiloneIs an effective dielectric constant, λeThe wavelength of the waveguide of the rectangular metal patch layer.
6. The method for designing a low-RCS super-surface antenna with dynamically adjustable scattering performance according to claim 4, wherein the calculation formula of the position of the coaxial feeding point in the step 2) is as follows:
wherein W is the width of the rectangular patch in the metal patch unit, h is the thickness of the first dielectric layer, and ReInput resistance, R, being the edge of a rectangular patchiD is the distance between the coaxial feed point and the center of the rectangular patch unit, and L is the length of the rectangular patch in the metal patch unit.
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| CN114336074B (en) * | 2022-01-04 | 2023-12-08 | 电子科技大学 | Dual-band pass-type frequency selective surface with independent switchable characteristics |
| CN114361782B (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-12-02 | 西安电子科技大学 | Reconfigurable low RCS circularly polarized antenna array |
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