CN114464993A - Microstrip antenna and method for widening beam width thereof - Google Patents
Microstrip antenna and method for widening beam width thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114464993A CN114464993A CN202111651585.XA CN202111651585A CN114464993A CN 114464993 A CN114464993 A CN 114464993A CN 202111651585 A CN202111651585 A CN 202111651585A CN 114464993 A CN114464993 A CN 114464993A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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Abstract
The invention provides a microstrip antenna and a method for widening the beam width of the microstrip antenna, wherein the microstrip antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a metal bottom plate is arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, a surface metal layer is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, the surface metal layer comprises a radiation patch and surface grounding metal, the radiation patch is positioned at the central position of the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, the surface grounding metal is positioned on the periphery of the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, the dielectric substrate is provided with metal through holes, the metal through holes penetrate through the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, and the metal through holes are positioned on the periphery of the radiation patch and distributed in a periodic array form. The invention solves the problems that the prior art causes other indexes of the antenna to be deteriorated, such as bandwidth and gain reduction, section height increase, back radiation increase, processing cost increase and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a microstrip antenna and a method for widening the beam width of the microstrip antenna.
Background
Microstrip antennas have advantages of light weight, small size, low profile, low cost, easy integration, etc., and thus have been widely used in various wireless systems. The 3dB wave beam width of the traditional microstrip antenna is about 70-100 degrees, and the requirement of a system for receiving low elevation angle signals well cannot be met. The 3dB beamwidth of a conventional microstrip antenna is about 70 ° and cannot meet the requirements of a system for good reception of low elevation signals and low gain ripple during large angle scanning in a phased array antenna. Techniques exist to broaden the unit beam width, such as selecting high dielectric constant, changing the thickness of the board, reducing the size of the floor, three-dimensionally, etc., but these methods inevitably result in deterioration of other indexes of the antenna, such as reduction of bandwidth and gain, increase of profile height, increase of back radiation, increase of processing cost, etc.
At present, there is no effective means for widening the beam width of the antenna without changing the dielectric substrate, the composition of the antenna elements, and the height of the cross section.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a microstrip antenna and a method for widening the beam width of the microstrip antenna, which solve the problems that the prior art causes other indexes of the antenna to be deteriorated, such as the bandwidth and the gain to be reduced, the section height to be increased, the back radiation to be increased, the processing cost to be increased and the like.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a microstrip antenna, including a dielectric substrate, a metal bottom plate disposed on a lower surface of the dielectric substrate, a surface metal layer disposed on an upper surface of the dielectric substrate, where the surface metal layer includes a radiation patch and a surface ground metal, the radiation patch is located at a central position of the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, the surface ground metal is located at a periphery of the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, the dielectric substrate is provided with metal through holes, the metal through holes penetrate through the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, and the metal through holes are located around the radiation patch and distributed in a periodic array form.
The radiating patch comprises one or more layers of metal patches.
The radiation patch can be set to be seamless or have a gap according to actual needs. The radiation patch introduces another resonance point by means of corroding gaps, such as E-shaped gaps and U-shaped gaps, and the bandwidth is expanded. The radiating patches erode the gap and introduce resonance points.
The radiating patch adopts coaxial feed, coupling slot feed and proximity coupling feed.
The radiation patch is converted into strip line and microstrip line feeding through coaxial feeding.
The metal through holes form a metal fence, and the metal fence is connected with the metal bottom plate and the surface grounding metal to form a substrate integrated waveguide back cavity.
The microstrip antenna is a linear polarization antenna, an elliptical polarization antenna or a circular polarization antenna.
The microstrip antenna is used for units or arrays, wherein in the case of a phased array antenna, the size of the microstrip antenna is determined according to the principle of the phased array antenna, and the microstrip antenna can be compact in structure; and can be independently applied to a system, the unit size of the system can be correspondingly increased, but the standing wave bandwidth can be kept unchanged.
In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a method for widening a beam width of a microstrip antenna, including:
step 1: the central position of the metal fence is moved towards the radiation patch direction through a substrate integrated waveguide back cavity formed on the dielectric substrate, so that the area of the substrate integrated waveguide back cavity is reduced;
step 2: and resetting the size of the radiation patch and the position of a feed point according to the adjusted size of the substrate integrated waveguide back cavity, thereby widening the wave beam width of the antenna.
The center of the metal fence moves towards the geometric center of the antenna unit transversely, or moves towards the geometric center of the antenna unit longitudinally, or moves towards the geometric center of the antenna unit in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction simultaneously.
And (3) according to the adjusted size of the substrate integrated waveguide back cavity and the actual working frequency requirement, optimally designing and adjusting the size of the antenna radiation patch and the position of a feed point through three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software, and finally performing impedance matching.
The invention has the following advantages:
the invention skillfully changes the center position of the metal fence in the substrate integrated waveguide back cavity, and realizes the widening of the antenna beam width only by moving the position of the metal through hole towards the geometric center direction of the antenna unit according to the equivalent caliber principle. The method does not need to change a dielectric substrate, does not need to change the structural composition form of the antenna unit, does not need to increase the section height, and realizes a simple and convenient low-cost beam width method.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a microstrip antenna proposed in the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a beam width widening method proposed in the present application;
fig. 3 is a comparison of | S11| before and after the proposed microstrip antenna improvement;
fig. 4 is a comparison of the directional diagram beam widths before and after the improvement of the microstrip antenna proposed by the present application.
In the above drawings: 1. a surface metal layer; 2. a dielectric substrate; 3. a metal base plate; 4. a metal fence; 5. feeding electricity coaxially; 11. a radiation patch; 12. a surface-grounded metal.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
In a first aspect, as shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a microstrip antenna, including a dielectric substrate 2, a metal bottom plate 3 is disposed on a lower surface of the dielectric substrate 2, a surface metal layer 1 is disposed on an upper surface of the dielectric substrate 2, the surface metal layer 1 includes a radiation patch 11 and a surface grounding metal 12, the radiation patch 11 is located at a central position of the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 2, the surface grounding metal 12 is located at a periphery of the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 2, the dielectric substrate 2 is provided with metal vias, the metal vias penetrate through the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 2, and the metal vias are located around the radiation patch 11 and are distributed in a periodic array. The metal through holes form a metal fence 4, the metal fence 4 is connected with the metal bottom plate 3 and the surface grounding metal 12 to form a substrate integrated waveguide back cavity.
In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a method for widening a beam width of an antenna, including:
step 1: on the basis of the substrate integrated waveguide cavity-backed antenna, the center position of the metal fence 4 is moved towards the direction of the patch, so that the area of the substrate integrated waveguide cavity is reduced.
Step 2: and according to the adjusted size of the substrate integrated waveguide cavity, the antenna size of the radiating patch 11 and the position of the feed point are re-optimized to obtain better impedance matching. According to the adjusted size of the substrate integrated waveguide cavity and the actual working frequency requirement, the size of the antenna radiation patch 11 and the position of a feed point are optimally designed and adjusted through three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software, and finally, better impedance matching is achieved.
And step 3: the current distribution density of the optimized radiation patch 11 is increased, the equivalent aperture is reduced, and further the widening of the antenna beam width is realized, and the antenna beam widening process of the equivalent aperture surface is completed.
The method is based on the idea of the equivalent aperture surface, the beam width broadening method is realized by reducing the equivalent aperture surface, the material, the antenna unit composition and the thickness are not changed on the basis of the original structure, the operation is simple, the antenna debugging is simple and convenient, the engineering is easy to realize, and the method has the advantages of original characteristic reservation, low cost and easy realization.
Taking a simple single-layer substrate integrated waveguide cavity-backed microstrip patch antenna as an example, as shown in fig. 1, the antenna mainly comprises a surface metal layer 1, a dielectric substrate 2, a metal bottom plate 3 and a metal fence 4 which penetrates through the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 2 and is arranged around a radiation patch 11, wherein the surface metal layer 1 comprises the radiation patch 11 and a surface grounding metal 12, and finally a coaxial feed 5 is used.
Specifically, the radiation patch 11 is located on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 2.
Specifically, the metal floor is located on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 2, the metal fence 4 is connected with the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric, and the coaxial feed 5 is connected with the patch.
Specifically, the center of the metal fence 4 is located between the radiation patch 11 and the antenna boundary, and the metal fence 4 is adjusted in position in the patch direction to perform re-matching, so as to obtain the antenna beam width broadening.
In summary, the beam broadening method based on the equivalent aperture surface of the present invention has the advantages of simple operation, simple and convenient antenna debugging, easy implementation of engineering, original characteristics reservation, low cost and easy implementation.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A microstrip antenna, characterized by: the medium substrate structure comprises a medium substrate (2), wherein a metal bottom plate (3) is arranged on the lower surface of the medium substrate (2), a surface metal layer (1) is arranged on the upper surface of the medium substrate (2), the surface metal layer (1) comprises a radiation patch (11) and surface grounding metal (12), the radiation patch (11) is located at the central position of the upper surface of the medium substrate (2), the surface grounding metal (12) is located on the periphery of the upper surface of the medium substrate (2), the medium substrate (2) is provided with metal through holes, the metal through holes penetrate through the upper surface and the lower surface of the medium substrate (2), and the metal through holes are located around the radiation patch (11) and are distributed in a periodic array form.
2. A microstrip antenna according to claim 1 wherein: the radiating patch (11) comprises one or more layers of metal patches.
3. A microstrip antenna according to claim 1 wherein: the radiating patch (11) corrodes the slot and introduces a resonance point.
4. A microstrip antenna according to claim 1 wherein: the radiating patch (11) adopts coaxial feed (5), coupling slot feed and proximity coupling feed.
5. The microstrip antenna of claim 4 wherein: the radiation patch (11) is converted into strip line and microstrip line feeding through the coaxial feeding (5).
6. A microstrip antenna according to claim 1 wherein: the metal through holes form a metal isolation fence, and the metal isolation fence is connected with a metal bottom plate (3) and surface grounding metal (12) to form a substrate integrated waveguide back cavity.
7. A method for broadening a beam width of a microstrip antenna, comprising:
step 1: the central position of the metal fence (4) is moved towards the radiation patch (11) through a substrate integrated waveguide back cavity formed on the dielectric substrate (2), so that the area of the substrate integrated waveguide back cavity is reduced;
step 2: and resetting the size of the radiation patch (11) and the position of a feed point according to the adjusted size of the substrate integrated waveguide back cavity, thereby widening the beam width of the antenna.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein: the center of the metal fence (4) moves towards the geometric center of the antenna unit in the transverse direction, or moves towards the geometric center of the antenna unit in the longitudinal direction, or moves towards the geometric center of the antenna unit in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction simultaneously.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein: and (3) according to the adjusted size of the substrate integrated waveguide back cavity and the actual working frequency requirement, optimally designing and adjusting the size of the antenna radiation patch (11) and the position of a feed point through three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software, and finally performing impedance matching.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111651585.XA CN114464993A (en) | 2021-12-30 | 2021-12-30 | Microstrip antenna and method for widening beam width thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111651585.XA CN114464993A (en) | 2021-12-30 | 2021-12-30 | Microstrip antenna and method for widening beam width thereof |
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| CN114464993A true CN114464993A (en) | 2022-05-10 |
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| CN202111651585.XA Pending CN114464993A (en) | 2021-12-30 | 2021-12-30 | Microstrip antenna and method for widening beam width thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115084860A (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-09-20 | 东南大学 | Broadband millimeter wave horizontally polarized omnidirectional annular patch antenna |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10056922B1 (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2018-08-21 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Radio frequency device modules and methods of formation thereof |
| CN109687165A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-26 | 瑞声科技（南京）有限公司 | Millimeter wave array antenna mould group and mobile terminal |
| CN109786937A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-05-21 | 西安电子科技大学 | A kind of small-sized ultra-wide wave beam back chamber Two -- Layer Microstrip Antenna and its large-angle scanning array |
| CN210744161U (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-06-12 | 成都瑞迪威科技有限公司 | Broadband substrate integrated waveguide cavity-backed antenna with compact structure |
-
2021
- 2021-12-30 CN CN202111651585.XA patent/CN114464993A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10056922B1 (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2018-08-21 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Radio frequency device modules and methods of formation thereof |
| CN109786937A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-05-21 | 西安电子科技大学 | A kind of small-sized ultra-wide wave beam back chamber Two -- Layer Microstrip Antenna and its large-angle scanning array |
| CN109687165A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-26 | 瑞声科技（南京）有限公司 | Millimeter wave array antenna mould group and mobile terminal |
| CN210744161U (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-06-12 | 成都瑞迪威科技有限公司 | Broadband substrate integrated waveguide cavity-backed antenna with compact structure |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| HAO LIU等: "Blind Spot Mitigation in Patch Phased Arrays Using a Modified SIW Cavity", 《2020 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION AND NORTH AMERICAN RADIO SCIENCE MEETING》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115084860A (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-09-20 | 东南大学 | Broadband millimeter wave horizontally polarized omnidirectional annular patch antenna |
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Application publication date: 20220510 |
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