CN116231300A - 1bit broadband radiation type reconfigurable unit and beam scanning array antenna - Google Patents
1bit broadband radiation type reconfigurable unit and beam scanning array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/2605—Array of radiating elements provided with a feedback control over the element weights, e.g. adaptive arrays
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Abstract
The application belongs to the technical field of antennas and relates to a 1bit broadband radiation type reconfigurable unit and a beam scanning array antenna. The reconfigurable unit includes: a radiation layer, a dielectric layer and a control layer; the radiation layer and the control layer are respectively arranged on the top surface and the bottom surface of the dielectric layer; the radiation layer comprises a first radiation patch with a closed regular hexagonal ring shape and a second radiation patch with a rectangular shape; the second radiation patch is arranged in the first radiation patch, and a group of rectangular parallel sides and a group of regular hexagonal annular parallel sides are arranged at intervals in parallel; two symmetrical gaps are arranged between the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch, and each gap is provided with a diode, so that the diodes are connected with the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch, and the polarity directions of the two diodes are opposite; the control layer is connected with the radiation layer to control the on-off of the two diodes. The method and the device can improve the bandwidth and do not need external additional feeds.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a 1bit broadband radiation type reconfigurable unit and a beam scanning array antenna.
Background
The traditional antennas for realizing beam scanning mainly comprise a phased array antenna and a parabolic antenna. Parabolic antennas have the advantage of high gain, but are difficult to process and install due to their curved surface structure; meanwhile, the parabolic antenna realizes beam scanning by adopting a mechanical rotation method, and the beam regulation and control method is not flexible and has inaccurate directivity. The phased array antenna independently controls the amplitude and the phase of excitation current on each antenna unit through an amplifier and a phase shifter so as to realize the purpose of beam scanning; the method needs a complex feed network and a large number of T/R components, has high scanning speed and flexible beam regulation, but has large transmission loss and high cost, and meanwhile, the antenna has large volume, so the method is not suitable for being applied to small-scale information transmission scenes.
In recent years, with the continuous development of reconfigurable technologies, antennas that realize beam scanning based on reconfigurable units have attracted widespread attention. The direct current bias circuit is used for controlling the PIN diode loaded in the unit to flexibly and conveniently adjust the direction of the antenna radiation beam, and the reflecting/transmitting array antenna system designed by the reconfigurable technology can also realize the control of the phase by controlling the PIN diode integrated in the antenna unit so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the beam.
However, for the reconfigurable reflective array/transmissive array, an external additional feed source is required to irradiate the whole array surface, and the feed source is usually required to be arranged at a position 0.8-1.2 times of the aperture of the array, so that the antenna section is inevitably too high, and the system integration is not facilitated; at the same time, the irradiation of the feed source may cause leakage of energy. For the reconfigurable radiation array, the bandwidth is very narrow, and the requirements of diversification cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, it is necessary to provide a 1-bit broadband radiation type reconfigurable unit and a beam scanning array antenna, which can improve the bandwidth without external additional feeds.
1bit broadband radiation type reconfigurable unit includes: a radiation layer, a dielectric layer and a control layer; the radiation layer and the control layer are respectively arranged on the top surface and the bottom surface of the dielectric layer;
the radiation layer includes: a first radiating patch and a second radiating patch; the first radiation patch is of a closed structure with a regular hexagonal ring shape, and the second radiation patch is of a rectangular structure; the second radiation patch is arranged in the first radiation patch, and a group of rectangular parallel sides and a group of regular hexagonal annular parallel sides are arranged at intervals in parallel;
two symmetrical gaps are formed between the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch, and each gap is provided with a diode, so that the diodes are connected with the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch, and the polarity directions of the two diodes are opposite;
the control layer is connected with the radiation layer to control the on-off of the two diodes, so that one diode is conducted, and the other diode is cut off, and 1bit broadband reconfigurability is achieved.
In one embodiment, the length of the rectangle is greater than the inner side of the hexagonal ring but less than the outer side of the hexagonal ring, and the width of the rectangle is between 9/10 and 19/20 times the width of the hexagonal ring.
In one embodiment, the control layer includes: a direct current signal line and a radio frequency signal line;
the central line of the direct current signal line and the central line of the radio frequency signal line are collinear; one end of the direct current signal wire is connected with one end of the radio frequency signal wire, and the other end of the direct current signal wire and the other end of the radio frequency signal wire extend to the edge of the dielectric layer;
the radio frequency signal line is connected with the second radiation patch.
In one embodiment, the control layer further comprises: an inductance;
the inductor is connected with the direct current signal line and the radio frequency signal line.
In one embodiment, the radiation layer further comprises: two symmetrically arranged high-impedance lines;
one corresponding end of the high-impedance line is connected with the first radiation patch, and the other corresponding end of the high-impedance line is grounded.
In one embodiment, further comprising: a metal tube and two connecting tubes;
one end of the metal tube is connected with the center of the second radiation patch, and the other end of the metal tube penetrates through the dielectric layer and then is connected with the radio frequency signal wire;
one corresponding end of the connecting pipe is respectively connected with the other corresponding end of the high-impedance line, and the other corresponding end of the connecting pipe is grounded.
In one embodiment, the sum of the lengths of the high impedance line and the connecting tube is one quarter of the operating wavelength of the radiated wave.
In one embodiment, the dielectric layer includes: the first dielectric plate, the second dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate are sequentially overlapped from the radiation layer to the control layer;
the radiation layer is arranged on the top surface of the first dielectric plate, and the control layer is arranged on the bottom surface of the third dielectric plate;
and a layer of prepreg is arranged between the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate and between the second dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate.
In one embodiment, the dielectric layer further comprises: a floor;
the top surface and the bottom surface of the floor are respectively connected with the prepreg and the third dielectric plate; the other corresponding end of the high-impedance line is connected with the floor.
A beam scanning array antenna comprising: a plurality of 1bit broadband radiation type reconfigurable units;
the plurality of 1bit broadband radiation type reconfigurable units are arranged in an array without intervals, and all direct current signal lines are parallel to each other.
Above-mentioned 1bit broadband radiation type reconfigurable unit and wave beam scanning array antenna, the radiation layer is including closed positive hexagonal annular first radiation paster and rectangular second radiation paster, rectangular a set of parallel limit and positive hexagonal annular a set of parallel limit parallel interval setting, form two symmetrical clearances, all be equipped with a diode on every clearance in order to connect two radiation paster, the polarity opposite direction of two diodes, operating condition (switching on, switching off) are opposite. The first radiation patch, the second radiation patch and the diode are symmetrical, the regular hexagonal annular radiation patch forms a closed radiation structure, current circulation is increased, a current path is prolonged, bandwidth and radiation gain are improved, other performances are not influenced, and 1bit broadband reconfigurability is realized; compared with a radiation type antenna with the relative bandwidth of only about 8% in the prior art, the antenna unit has the relative bandwidth of more than 18%, has the broadband characteristic, can improve the channel capacity of equipment, improves the transmission rate of a system, improves the utilization rate of the existing frequency spectrum, can form an electric control beam scanning array antenna in an array mode, realizes the broadband array antenna, and has flexible and accurate beam regulation and control; moreover, compared with a reflection or transmission antenna, the diode is used for switching on and off, and 1bit switching can not be realized when the working frequency point is replaced, and the diode is used for current reversing, so that the current reversing can be reversed and 1bit broadband reconfigurable can be realized even if the working frequency point is replaced; in addition, the rectangular second radiation patch is arranged, and the length direction of the rectangular second radiation patch is perpendicular to the symmetry plane of the antenna unit so as to guide the radiation direction of current, so that good cross polarization performance and main polarization performance, especially main polarization performance, are realized; the novel high-speed hydraulic pressure pump is simple in structure, convenient to process, rapid to assemble, low in cost, small in size and wide in application range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a 1bit broadband radiation reconfigurable unit in one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a radiation layer and a control layer in a 1bit broadband radiation type reconfigurable unit according to one embodiment, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of the radiation layer and (b) is a schematic diagram of the control layer;
FIG. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a diode of a 1bit broadband radiation type reconfigurable unit in one embodiment, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of the diode in an ON state and (b) is a schematic diagram of the diode in an OFF state;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the surface current distribution of two operating states of a 1bit wideband radiation type reconfigurable unit according to one embodiment, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of the antenna operating in state 0 and (b) is a schematic diagram of the antenna operating in state 1;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of S with 1bit broadband radiation reconfigurable cells operating in state 0 and state 1 in one embodiment 11 A parameter diagram;
fig. 6 is a three-dimensional spatial far-field pattern of a 1bit broadband radiation type reconfigurable unit at f=8.5 GHz in one embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a two-dimensional spatial far-field pattern of a 1bit wideband radiation-type reconfigurable unit at f=8.5 GHz in one embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a top view of a beam scanning array antenna in one embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a bottom view of a beam scanning array antenna in one embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a three-dimensional far-field pattern result for a beam scanning array antenna operating at 8.5GHz with a theoretical dual beam deflection of + -10 deg. in one embodiment;
FIG. 11 is a two-dimensional far-field pattern result for a beam scanning array antenna operating at 8.5GHz with a theoretical dual beam deflection of + -10 deg. in one embodiment;
FIG. 12 is a three-dimensional far-field pattern result for a beam scanning array antenna operating at 8.5GHz with a theoretical dual beam deflection of + -20 deg. in one embodiment;
FIG. 13 is a two-dimensional far-field pattern result for a beam scanning array antenna operating at 8.5GHz with a theoretical dual beam deflection of + -20 deg. in one embodiment;
FIG. 14 is a three-dimensional far-field pattern result for a beam scanning array antenna operating at 8.5GHz with a theoretical single beam deflection of-20 deg. in one embodiment;
FIG. 15 is a two-dimensional far-field pattern result for a beam scanning array antenna operating at 8.5GHz with a theoretical single beam deflection of-20 deg. in one embodiment;
FIG. 16 is a three-dimensional far-field pattern result for a beam scanning array antenna operating at 8.5GHz with a theoretical main beam deflection of +30° in one embodiment;
fig. 17 is a two-dimensional far-field pattern result for a theoretical main beam deflection +30 deg. for a beam scanning array antenna operating at 8.5GHz in one embodiment.
Reference numerals:
a first radiating patch 11, a second radiating patch 12, a diode 13, a high impedance line 14;
a first dielectric plate 21, a second dielectric plate 22, a third dielectric plate 23, a prepreg 24, and a floor 25;
a direct current signal line 31, a radio frequency signal line 32, and an inductor 33;
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiments of the present application are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement, etc. between the components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is correspondingly changed.
In addition, descriptions such as those related to "first," "second," and the like, are provided for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated in this application. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present application, "plurality of sets" means at least two sets, e.g., two sets, three sets, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present application, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "coupled," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "secured" may be either permanently attached or removably attached, or integrally formed; the device can be mechanically connected, electrically connected, physically connected or wirelessly connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.
In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to be based on the fact that those skilled in the art can implement the technical solutions, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be implemented, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent, and is not within the scope of protection claimed in the present application.
The present application provides a 1bit broadband radial reconfigurable unit, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, comprising, in one embodiment: a radiation layer, a dielectric layer and a control layer. Preferably, one metal tube and two connecting tubes are also included.
The radiation layer is arranged on the top surface of the dielectric layer. The radiation layer includes: the first radiating patch 11, the second radiating patch 12 and the diode 13 preferably further comprise a high impedance line 14.
The first radiation patch 11 has a closed structure with a regular hexagonal ring shape, so that current forms a loop and a current path is prolonged, and the radiation patch has better main polarization and cross polarization performances, thereby improving the bandwidth and enhancing the radiation effect.
The second radiation patch 12 has a rectangular structure, and is disposed inside the first radiation patch, and a set of rectangular parallel sides and a set of regular hexagonal annular parallel sides are disposed at parallel intervals.
Two symmetrical gaps are arranged between the first radiation patch 11 and the second radiation patch 12, and each gap is provided with a diode 13, so that the diodes 13 are connected with the first radiation patch 11 and the second radiation patch 12, and the polarity directions of the two diodes 13 are opposite. That is, the positive electrode of one diode is connected with the first radiation patch, the negative electrode is connected with the second radiation patch, the positive electrode of the other diode is connected with the second radiation patch, and the negative electrode is connected with the first radiation patch. The diode is a PIN diode, the equivalent circuit is shown in fig. 3, the on state (namely, on) is equivalent to the series connection of a resistor and an inductor, and the off state (namely, off) is equivalent to the series connection of a capacitor and an inductor, so that the 1bit state switching is realized.
The number of the high-impedance lines 14 is two and symmetrically arranged, one corresponding end of each high-impedance line is connected with the first radiation patch, and the other corresponding end of each high-impedance line is grounded.
The top surface and the bottom surface of the dielectric layer are respectively printed with a radiation layer and a control layer. Preferably, the dielectric layer includes: a first dielectric plate 21, a second dielectric plate 22, and a third dielectric plate 23 sequentially stacked in the direction from the radiation layer to the control layer; the radiation layer is arranged on the top surface of the first dielectric plate 21, and the control layer is arranged on the bottom surface of the third dielectric plate 23; a prepreg 24 is disposed between the first dielectric plate 21 and the second dielectric plate 22 and between the second dielectric plate 22 and the third dielectric plate 23 to bond the first dielectric plate 21, the second dielectric plate 22 and the third dielectric plate 23 together. Further preferably, the dielectric layer further includes: a floor 25, wherein the top and bottom surfaces of the floor 25 are respectively connected with the prepreg 24 and the third dielectric plate 23; that is, the dielectric layers include a first dielectric plate 21, a prepreg 24, a second dielectric plate 22, a prepreg 24, a floor 25, and a third dielectric plate 23, which are sequentially stacked from the radiation layer to the control layer.
The control layer is arranged on the bottom surface of the dielectric layer. The control layer is connected with the radiation layer to control the on-off of the two diodes, so that one diode is conducted, and the other diode is cut off, and 1bit broadband reconfigurability is achieved. Preferably, the control layer comprises: a direct current signal line 31 and a radio frequency signal line 32; the center line of the direct current signal line 31 and the center line of the radio frequency signal line 32 are collinear; one end of the direct current signal wire 31 is connected with one end of the radio frequency signal wire 32, and the other end of the direct current signal wire 31 and the other end of the radio frequency signal wire 32 extend to the edge of the dielectric layer; the radio frequency signal line 32 is connected to the second radiating patch 12 to feed directly through the radio frequency signal line without the use of a feed source. Further preferably, the control layer further includes: an inductance 33; the inductor 33 is integrated on the dc signal line 31, and is connected to the dc signal line 31 and the rf signal line 32 to isolate the rf signal, prevent the rf signal from leaking through the dc loop, and meanwhile, facilitate improvement of the antenna bandwidth and ensure broadband characteristics.
The metal tube 41 is a hollow metal cylindrical tube, one end of the metal tube 41 is connected to the center of the second radiation patch 12, and the other end is connected to the rf signal line 32 after passing through the dielectric layer, so as to provide an electrical connection, so that the dc signal and the rf signal reach the second radiation patch through the metal tube. Preferably, the metal tube is arranged perpendicular to the dielectric layer, so that the connection path is reduced, and the control efficiency is improved. The dielectric layer is provided with a through hole corresponding to the metal pipe, and the hole wall of the through hole corresponding to the floor is provided with an annular sinking groove serving as a separation ring 43 for separating the metal pipe from the floor.
One corresponding end of the connection pipe 42 is connected to the other corresponding end of the high-impedance line 14, respectively, and the other corresponding end of the connection pipe 42 is grounded, that is, the floor 25 is connected to the high-impedance line 14 through the connection pipe 42 (the connection pipe 42 is a hollow pipe made of metal, and penetrates through the prepreg 24, the second dielectric plate 22, the prepreg 24, and the first dielectric plate 21).
In one embodiment, the length of the rectangle is greater than the inner side length of the hexagonal ring shape but less than the outer side length of the hexagonal ring shape, and the width of the rectangle is between 9/10 times and 19/20 times of the width of the hexagonal ring shape, so as to further improve the bandwidth and realize better broadband characteristics.
In one embodiment, the sum of the lengths of one high impedance line 14 and one connecting tube 42 is one quarter of the operating wavelength of the radiated wave for the purpose of suppressing leakage of the radio frequency signal.
In the first radiation patch, the long side length of the hexagonal ring shape is taken as the outer side length, the short side length of the hexagonal ring shape is taken as the inner side length, that is, the side length of the hexagonal ring shape away from the center is taken as the outer side length, and the side length of the hexagonal ring shape close to the center is taken as the inner side length.
It should be further noted that the first radiation patch, the second radiation patch, the high-impedance line, the floor, and the control layer are all made of metal materials.
The working process of the application is as follows: the antenna signal is input by the radio frequency signal line of the control layer, reaches the second radiation patch of the radiation layer through the metal tube, one diode is conducted, the other diode is cut off, current flows between the second radiation patch and the first radiation patch, and is grounded through the connecting tube by the high-impedance line to form a complete loop, when the voltage value of the direct current signal line changes, and the states of the two diodes are opposite, the current on the second radiation patch and the first radiation patch is opposite, so that a phase difference of 0 DEG and 180 DEG is formed, and the switching of the 1bit working state is realized.
As shown in fig. 4, two PIN diodes are integrated on the left and right sides of the antenna unit in the horizontal direction, the cathode of the left diode is connected with the anode of the right diode through a metal tube, and the anode of the left diode is connected with the cathode of the right diode through a high-impedance line and a connecting tube, and the anode of the left diode is connected with the floor. When the bias voltage of the direct current signal line is-XV, the left diode is conducted, the right diode is cut off, and the antenna works in a state 0; when the bias voltage of the direct current signal line is +XV, the left diode is cut off, the right diode is conducted, and the antenna works in a state 1; wherein the value of X is related to the model of the diode. As can be seen from fig. 4, when the antenna works in the state 0 and the state 1, the surface currents of the radiation layers have opposite directions and 180 ° phase difference, so that the switching state (i.e. on/off state) of the PIN diode can be switched by changing the bias voltage of the direct current signal line, thereby changing the working state of the antenna unit and realizing the function of 1bit phase regulation.
Above-mentioned 1bit broadband radiation type reconfigurable unit, the radiation layer includes closed six annular first radiation patches and rectangular second radiation patches, rectangular a set of parallel limit and six annular a set of parallel limit parallel interval settings of limit, forms two symmetrical clearance, all is equipped with a diode on every clearance in order to connect two radiation patches, the polarity opposite, the operating condition (switching on, switching off) of two diodes. The first radiation patch, the second radiation patch and the diode are symmetrical, the positive hexagonal annular radiation patch forms a closed radiation structure, current circulation is increased, a current path is prolonged, meanwhile, the positive hexagonal annular structure interacts with the rectangular structure, current flow of two sides perpendicular to the horizontal direction in the positive hexagonal annular structure is opposite, synthesized current is counteracted in the vertical direction, the other four sides forming an included angle of 30 degrees with the horizontal direction in the positive hexagonal annular structure are synthesized, current components in the vertical direction are only in the horizontal direction, and current in the rectangular patch is only in the horizontal direction, so that finally, the total current of the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch is only in the horizontal direction, bandwidth, main polarization radiation gain and cross polarization performance are improved, other performances are not influenced, and 1bit broadband reconfigurability can be realized; compared with a radiation type antenna with the relative bandwidth of only about 8%, the radiation type antenna has the advantages that the radiation layer and the dielectric layer are designed, the radiation layer comprises a first radiation patch with a regular hexagonal ring shape and a second radiation patch with a rectangular shape, the dielectric layer comprises a plurality of dielectric plates, the combination of the radiation layer and the dielectric layer can further improve the bandwidth on the basis of the radiation layer, the relative bandwidth of an antenna unit can be larger than 18%, the antenna has the broadband characteristic, the channel capacity of equipment can be improved, the transmission rate of the system is improved, the existing frequency spectrum utilization rate is improved, an electric-control beam scanning array antenna can be formed in an array mode, the broadband array antenna is realized, and the beam regulation and control are flexible and accurate; moreover, compared with a reflection or transmission antenna, the diode is used for switching on and off, and 1bit switching can not be realized when the working frequency point is replaced, and the diode is used for current reversing, so that the current reversing can be reversed and 1bit broadband reconfigurable can be realized even if the working frequency point is replaced; in addition, the rectangular second radiation patch is arranged, and the length direction of the rectangular second radiation patch is perpendicular to the symmetry plane of the antenna unit so as to guide the radiation direction of current, so that good cross polarization performance and main polarization performance, especially main polarization performance, are realized; the novel high-speed hydraulic pressure pump is simple in structure, convenient to process, rapid to assemble, low in cost, small in size and wide in application range.
In a specific embodiment, the 1bit broadband radiation type reconfigurable unit is of a complete axisymmetric structure, the symmetrical plane of the reconfigurable unit is a plane where a diagonal line of the first radiation patch is located, the centers of the first radiation patch, the second radiation patch and the top surface of the dielectric layer are completely overlapped, the symmetrical axis of the first radiation patch is a diagonal line, the short side of the second radiation patch is parallel to the first radiation patch, the diode is connected with the midpoint of the short side of the second radiation patch and the midpoint of the inner side length of the first radiation patch, the high impedance line is connected with the midpoint of the outer side length of the first radiation patch and the floor, the connection point of the high impedance line and the first radiation patch is collinear with the diode, the central line of the direct current signal line and the central line of the radio frequency signal line are perpendicular to the length direction of the rectangle, and are arranged right below the symmetrical axis of the right six-sided ring shape.
The first dielectric plate, the second dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate are square, the material of the first dielectric plate, the second dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate is RogersRO4350, the dielectric constant of the first dielectric plate is 3.66, and the loss tangent of the second dielectric plate is 0.0037; the thicknesses of the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate are 1.524mm, and the thickness of the third dielectric plate is 0.254mm. The prepreg was formed of RogersRO4450F, and had a dielectric constant of 3.7, a loss tangent of 0.004 and a thickness of 0.2mm. The direct current signal wire adopts a direct current bias circuit in the prior art, the radio frequency signal wire adopts a radio frequency circuit in the prior art, and the inductor is 100 nH. When the bias voltage of the direct current signal line is-1.3V, the diode on one side is conducted, the diode on the other side is cut off, and the antenna works in a state 0; when the bias voltage of the direct current signal line is +1.3V, the diode on one side is cut off, the diode on the other side is conducted, and the antenna works in a state 1.
The size parameters are as follows: side length of squarep=15.6 mm, outer edge length of regular hexagonal ring shapel 1 =5.0 mm, inner side length of regular hexagonal ring shapel 2 Length of rectangle =3.0 mml 3 Wide of regular hexagonal ring shape =4.54 mmw 1 Width of rectangle =1.72 mmw 2 Specific dimensions of the dc signal line and the rf signal line may be set according to practical situations.
Full wave simulation was performed on the two operating states of the above-described 1bit broadband radiation type reconfigurable unit, and the results are shown in fig. 5 to 7.
Fig. 5 is an S of an antenna element (i.e., a 1bit wideband radiation type reconfigurable element) operating in states 0 and 1 11 Parameters. S in two states due to symmetry of the antenna element 11 The parameters are substantially uniform and S when the antenna element is operating at 7.45GHz-8.95GHz 11 All less than-10 dB, which means that the relative bandwidth of the antenna element reaches 18.3%, with broadband characteristics.
The far field patterns of the antenna element in the two states of radiation are substantially identical, only the pattern of state 1 is given here.
Fig. 6 is a three-dimensional spatial far-field pattern of an antenna element at f=8.5 GHz. The maximum gain achievable by the antenna unit is 4.36dBi, and the energy of the antenna unit radiates directly above, which indicates that the designed antenna unit has higher gain and better directivity.
Fig. 7 is a two-dimensional spatial far-field pattern of an antenna element at f=8.5 GHz. The main polarization gain of the antenna unit in the 0 degree direction is 3.66dBi, the cross polarization gain is-5.93 dBi, and the gain difference between the two polarizations is 9.59dB, which means that the designed antenna unit has better cross polarization performance.
The present application also provides a beam scanning array antenna comprising: a plurality of 1bit broadband radiation type reconfigurable units; the plurality of 1bit broadband radiation type reconfigurable units are arranged in an array without intervals, and all direct current signal lines are parallel to each other. The direct current signal wire of each 1bit broadband radiation type reconfigurable unit is connected to a voltage source so as to obtain direct current voltage; the radio frequency signal lines of each 1bit broadband radiation type reconfigurable unit are connected to the power divider to obtain antenna signals.
Compared with the radiation type antenna only realizing double beams in the prior art, the beam scanning array antenna breaks through the difficulty of realizing single beams, realizes single beams by adding initial phases among antenna units, has better gain than double beams, and has the functions of double beam scanning and single beam scanning; complex feed network components are not needed, and transmission loss is reduced; a feed source is not needed, so that the profile height is reduced, integration is facilitated, and the application scene is expanded; the energy leakage is reduced, and the overall efficiency of the antenna is improved; the antenna has good cross polarization performance and main polarization performance, has the advantage of miniaturization, and can meet the requirements of complex communication environments.
As shown in fig. 8 and fig. 9, in a specific embodiment, the beam scanning array antenna includes 16 1bit broadband radiation type reconfigurable units, so as to form a 1×16 one-dimensional array antenna, realize integrated design of a radio frequency circuit and a dc bias circuit, consider influence of a dc loop on radio frequency signals, and improve feasibility of the array antenna.
Full wave simulation is carried out on the beam scanning array antenna, so that the theoretical beam deflection, the gain, the beam direction and the cross polarization level are good, and the results are shown in fig. 10 to 17.
In order to verify the beam deflection performance, the antenna units in two working states are arranged and combined by calculating the code of the expected beam deflection angle, the far-field pattern of the beam scanning array antenna is calculated in full-wave simulation software, and the full-wave simulation result of the beam scanning array antenna under the condition that the theoretical dual-wave beam deflection value is +/-10 degrees and +/-20 degrees is verified.
Fig. 10 and 11 are respectively the three-dimensional and two-dimensional far-field pattern results of the beam scanning array antenna operating at 8.5GHz with theoretical dual beam deflection of ±10°, the deflection angle of the antenna is ±10° coincident with the theoretical value, and the gain reaches 10.84dBi, and the cross polarization performance of the antenna is good.
Fig. 12 and fig. 13 are respectively the results of three-dimensional and two-dimensional far-field patterns of a beam scanning array antenna operating at 8.5GHz with a theoretical dual beam deflection of ±20°, the deflection angle of the antenna is ±20° which coincides with the theoretical value, and the gain reaches 10.64dBi, and the cross polarization performance of the antenna is good.
Further, when the codes of the expected angles of the beam deflection are calculated, the initial phase is added to the radio frequency signal line of each antenna unit, so that the directional patterns of the beam scanning array antenna with different angles of the single beam deflection can be obtained, and the single beam scanning function is realized. To achieve single beam scanning, the initial phase values that each antenna element (i.e., the element in table 1) needs to add are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 initial phase values to be added to achieve single beam scanning of each antenna element
Fig. 14 and fig. 15 are respectively the results of three-dimensional and two-dimensional far-field patterns of the beam scanning array antenna, which deflect by-20 ° with a theoretical single beam when working at 8.5GHz, the deflection angle of the main beam of the antenna is-20 °, which coincides with the theoretical value, the gain reaches 10.92dBi, and the cross polarization performance of the antenna is good.
Fig. 16 and 17 are respectively three-dimensional and two-dimensional far-field pattern results of theoretical single beam deflection +30° when the beam scanning array antenna works at 8.5GHz, the deflection angle of the main beam of the antenna is +30° and coincides with the theoretical value, the gain reaches 11.5dBi, and the cross polarization performance of the antenna is good.
The above data only gives one-dimensional beam scanning results of dual and single beams when the 1 x 16 one-dimensional array antenna is operated at 8.5GHz, and has broadband characteristics and excellent performance in the frequency band in which the antenna unit is operated. Furthermore, the antenna units can be formed into a two-dimensional planar array antenna, so that two-dimensional dual-beam scanning and single-beam scanning functions are realized, the communication capacity is improved, and the detection range is enlarged.
The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples only represent a few embodiments of the present application, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that it would be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements could be made without departing from the spirit of the present application, which would be within the scope of the present application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application is to be determined by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (10)
1.1 bit broadband radiation type reconfigurable unit, characterized by comprising: a radiation layer, a dielectric layer and a control layer; the radiation layer and the control layer are respectively arranged on the top surface and the bottom surface of the dielectric layer;
the radiation layer includes: a first radiating patch and a second radiating patch; the first radiation patch is of a closed structure with a regular hexagonal ring shape, and the second radiation patch is of a rectangular structure; the second radiation patch is arranged in the first radiation patch, and a group of rectangular parallel sides and a group of regular hexagonal annular parallel sides are arranged at intervals in parallel;
two symmetrical gaps are formed between the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch, and each gap is provided with a diode, so that the diodes are connected with the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch, and the polarity directions of the two diodes are opposite;
the control layer is connected with the radiation layer to control the on-off of the two diodes, so that one diode is conducted, and the other diode is cut off, and 1bit broadband reconfigurability is achieved.
2. The 1bit broadband radiation reconfigurable unit of claim 1, wherein the length of the rectangle is greater than the inner side length of the hexagonal ring shape but less than the outer side length of the hexagonal ring shape, and the width of the rectangle is between 9/10 times and 19/20 times the width of the hexagonal ring shape.
3. The 1bit broadband radiation reconfigurable unit of claim 2, wherein the control layer comprises: a direct current signal line and a radio frequency signal line;
the central line of the direct current signal line and the central line of the radio frequency signal line are collinear; one end of the direct current signal wire is connected with one end of the radio frequency signal wire, and the other end of the direct current signal wire and the other end of the radio frequency signal wire extend to the edge of the dielectric layer;
the radio frequency signal line is connected with the second radiation patch.
4. A 1bit broadband radiation reconfigurable unit according to claim 3, wherein the control layer further comprises: an inductance;
the inductor is connected with the direct current signal line and the radio frequency signal line.
5. The 1bit broadband radiation type reconfigurable unit of claim 4, wherein the radiation layer further comprises: two symmetrically arranged high-impedance lines;
one corresponding end of the high-impedance line is connected with the first radiation patch, and the other corresponding end of the high-impedance line is grounded.
6. The 1bit broadband radiation reconfigurable unit of claim 5, further comprising: a metal tube and two connecting tubes;
one end of the metal tube is connected with the center of the second radiation patch, and the other end of the metal tube penetrates through the dielectric layer and then is connected with the radio frequency signal wire;
one corresponding end of the connecting pipe is respectively connected with the other corresponding end of the high-impedance line, and the other corresponding end of the connecting pipe is grounded.
7. The 1bit broadband radiation reconfigurable unit of claim 6, wherein the sum of the lengths of the high impedance line and the connection tube is one quarter of the radiation wavelength of operation.
8. The 1bit broadband radiation reconfigurable unit of any of claims 5 to 7, wherein the dielectric layer comprises: the first dielectric plate, the second dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate are sequentially overlapped from the radiation layer to the control layer;
the radiation layer is arranged on the top surface of the first dielectric plate, and the control layer is arranged on the bottom surface of the third dielectric plate;
and a layer of prepreg is arranged between the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate and between the second dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate.
9. The 1bit broadband radiation reconfigurable unit of claim 8, wherein the dielectric layer further comprises: a floor;
the top surface and the bottom surface of the floor are respectively connected with the prepreg and the third dielectric plate; the other corresponding end of the high-impedance line is connected with the floor.
10. A beam scanning array antenna, comprising: a plurality of 1bit broadband radiation type reconfigurable units according to any one of claims 1 to 7;
the plurality of 1bit broadband radiation type reconfigurable units are arranged in an array without intervals, and all direct current signal lines are parallel to each other.
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