CN117594969B - Novel resonator structure and directional diagram reconfigurable antenna - Google Patents
Novel resonator structure and directional diagram reconfigurable antenna Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a novel resonator structure and a pattern reconfigurable antenna, which are used for realizing the radiation of the antenna, and comprise a metal floor, a top-layer PCB substrate arranged on the upper surface of the metal floor and a bottom-layer PCB substrate arranged on the lower surface of the metal floor; the method comprises the steps that metal patches arranged in an array are printed on a top-layer PCB substrate, a capacitance gap is etched between two adjacent metal patches, and a coupling probe is arranged in the center of the top-layer PCB substrate; a coupling gap is etched around each coupling probe, and a tuning probe is arranged outside each coupling probe; microstrip inductance is printed on the bottom PCB substrate, and the terminal of the microstrip inductance is in short circuit connection with the metal floor. The invention is composed of PCBs, has simple structure, easy processing, assembly and mass production, has the advantages of low profile, simple structure, low cost, wide working bandwidth, stable directional diagram, high gain and the like, and is suitable for various indoor 5G base stations.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a novel resonator structure and a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna.
Background
In recent years, the 5G communication technology has been developed rapidly, and compared with 4G communication, the method has the characteristics of wide bandwidth, high speed and low delay, and is the basis for realizing man-machine interconnection and everything interconnection. In a wireless communication system, the antenna is an extremely important part, and the performance of the antenna directly affects the communication quality. The reconfigurable pattern is an important way to improve the performance of the antenna, and can radiate electromagnetic energy in a desired direction, so as to improve the energy utilization rate and widen the coverage range of the antenna. In this way, the indoor 5G base station improves the communication quality.
Currently, reconfigurable antennas can be broadly divided into three categories, depending on the type of radiator: dielectric resonator antennas, patch antennas, and monopole/dipole antennas; three general categories can be distinguished in terms of control: multiport control, fluid control, and radio frequency diode control.
The dielectric resonator antenna respectively obtains a side-emission directional beam and a conical omnidirectional beam by respectively exciting an odd symmetry mode and an even symmetry mode in the dielectric resonator, and the two modes can be independently excited by two ports to form a side-emission/conical beam reconfigurable; the superposition of the radiation patterns can also be realized by means of mode coupling, so that a deflection beam is formed. The method has the following problems: first: the overall dimension and the dielectric constant of the dielectric block have larger processing errors, and the frequency offset of the antenna is possibly caused. Second, the antenna gain is lower due to the smaller radiating aperture of the dielectric resonator. Third, the electric field in the dielectric resonator is not infinitely reduced in cross section to be changed along the z-axis direction.
Patch antennas, the reconfigurable principle is substantially the same as dielectric resonator antennas, for example circular patch antennas, with existing TM 11 Isoque symmetric mode, also with TM 02 The equi-symmetry mode can be independently excited, and pattern superposition can be realized in a mode coupling mode, so that the patch antenna has the problem of narrow bandwidth.
The monopole/dipole antenna is based on the principle of a yagi antenna, and can realize the beam direction reconstruction by arranging reflectors or directors in different directions, and can be realized by liquid control or radio frequency diode control. The method has the following problems: for dipole antennas, balun feed is required because of the balanced structure, which leads to complicated antenna structure, and for monopole antennas, the section of the dipole antenna is often very high because of the need of a metal floor to reflect electromagnetic waves, which is difficult to meet the application scene requiring a low section.
Therefore, the current pattern reconfigurable antenna has the problems of narrow working bandwidth, low gain, high section, large processing error and the like, so that the current pattern antenna is difficult to meet the performance requirements of high-performance 5G indoor base stations and the application of different scenes.
It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background section is only for enhancing understanding of the background of the present disclosure and thus may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a novel resonator structure and a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna, and solves the defects in the prior art.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme: a novel resonator structure is used for realizing the radiation of an antenna and comprises a metal floor, a top PCB substrate arranged on the upper surface of the metal floor and a bottom PCB substrate arranged on the lower surface of the metal floor;
the method comprises the steps that metal patches arranged in an array are printed on a top-layer PCB substrate, a capacitance gap is etched between two adjacent metal patches, and a coupling probe is arranged in the center of the top-layer PCB substrate; a coupling gap is etched around each coupling probe, and a tuning probe is arranged outside each coupling probe;
microstrip inductance is printed on the bottom PCB substrate, and the terminal of the microstrip inductance is in short circuit connection with the metal floor.
The capacitor gap comprises a strip-shaped groove, a left flashlight capacity is provided for the resonator structure, and the radiation area is expanded and radiation is participated.
The tuning probe penetrates through the top PCB substrate, the metal floor and the bottom PCB substrate, and the metal patch is electrically connected with the microstrip inductor so as to adjust the resonance frequency of each resonance mode.
The coupling gap comprises square annular grooves etched around the coupling probes, and the coupling effect between the odd symmetry mode and the even symmetry mode is improved by adjusting the width and the perimeter of the annular grooves;
the coupling probes penetrate through the top PCB substrate, the metal floor and the bottom PCB substrate to realize mode coupling.
The metal floor, the top PCB substrate and the bottom PCB substrate are fixed through nylon screws.
The directional diagram reconfigurable antenna comprises a resonator, an excitation feed unit and a control unit, wherein the excitation feed unit and the control unit are arranged on a top-layer PCB substrate and a bottom-layer PCB substrate; the excitation feed unit is used for exciting electric fields in two directions so as to excite the resonator; the coupling probes penetrate through the top PCB substrate, the metal floor and the bottom PCB substrate to be electrically connected with the control unit, so that mode coupling is realized.
The excitation feed unit comprises a cross-shaped groove etched in the center of the metal floor, a coplanar waveguide is arranged in the cross-shaped groove, and the coplanar waveguide is electrically connected with a first microstrip feed line and a second microstrip feed line which are arranged on a bottom PCB substrate through a first conversion via hole and a second conversion via hole and used for exciting the resonator;
one end of the first microstrip feeder is provided with a first feed port, one end of the second microstrip feeder is provided with a second feed port, and the two feed ports serve as inlets for electromagnetic energy to connect the antenna and the external feeder.
The cross-shaped groove consists of two rectangular grooves with equal length and width, the coplanar waveguide consists of a first branch and a second branch, the first branch and the second branch are respectively arranged in the two rectangular grooves, the first branch is electrically connected with a first microstrip feeder through a first conversion via hole, and the second branch is electrically connected with a second microstrip feeder through a second conversion via hole.
The control unit comprises a switching circuit, the switching circuit comprises a first switch, a second switch, a third switch and a fourth switch which are arranged on a bottom PCB substrate, the cathode of each switch is electrically connected with a coupling probe, and the anode is electrically connected with one end of the microstrip capacitor so as to control the current on the coupling probe and control mode coupling.
The control unit also comprises a bias circuit, wherein the bias circuit consists of a bias resistor, a bias inductor and a bias line; the other end of the microstrip capacitor is electrically connected with one end of a bias inductor, and the other end of the bias inductor is electrically connected with a bias resistor through a bias line;
the coupling probe is electrically connected to one end of another bias inductor, and the other end of the bias inductor is electrically connected to the bias line.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the resonator structure realizes the expansion of the antenna radiation caliber and the improvement of the gain, the capacitance gap on the resonator also participates in radiation, the quality factor of the resonator is reduced, a plurality of high-order modes are introduced, the impedance bandwidth is expanded, the directional diagram, particularly the directional diagram in a deflection mode, is more stable, and meanwhile, the electric field of the electromagnetic metamaterial resonator is uniformly distributed along the z-axis, so that the low profile can be realized.
2. The whole antenna is composed of PCBs, has the advantages of simple structure, easy processing, assembly and mass production, low profile, simple structure, low cost, wide working bandwidth, stable directional diagram, high gain and the like, and is suitable for various indoor 5G base stations.
3. The control mode adopts a control mode of combining dual-port feed and radio frequency diodes, can obtain more reconfigurable states with fewer diodes, and simplifies a bias circuit and a control circuit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the resonator structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the underlying PCB substrate of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a bottom view of a bottom PCB substrate of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic diagram of a portion of the bias circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a simulated plot of the effect of the pattern scanned in the yoz plane when the second feed port is fed at 3.3GHz in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a simulated plot of the effect of the pattern scanned in the xoz plane when the first feed port is fed at 3.3GHz in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of gain versus frequency for a simulated beam deflection of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph of simulated gain versus frequency for beam side-firing of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a simulated contrast of patterns of different frequencies for beam deflection of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a simulated contrast of patterns of different frequencies for beam side-firing of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a simulated S-parameter for beam side-firing of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a simulated S-parameter for beam deflection of the present invention;
in the figure: the antenna comprises a 1-metal patch, a 2-top layer PCB substrate, a 3-capacitance gap, a 4-tuning probe, a 5-coupling gap, a 6-coupling probe, a 7-first conversion via hole, an 8-second conversion via hole, a 9-nylon screw, a 10-metal floor, an 11-bottom layer PCB substrate, a 12-cross-shaped slot, a 13-first branch, a 14-second branch, a 15-first microstrip feeder, a 16-second microstrip feeder, a 17-first switch, a 18-second switch, a 19-third switch, a 20-fourth switch, a 21-microstrip inductor, a 22-microstrip capacitor, a 23-first feed port, a 24-second feed port, a 25-bias resistor, a 26-bias inductor and a 27-bias line.
Detailed Description
For the purposes of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, which are generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Accordingly, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, provided in connection with the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the application, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present application. The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, one embodiment of the present invention relates to a novel resonator structure for implementing radiation of an antenna, which includes a metal floor 10, a top PCB substrate 2 disposed on an upper surface of the metal floor 10, and a bottom PCB substrate 11 disposed on a lower surface of the metal floor 10, wherein the bottom PCB substrate 11 is a dielectric substrate with low dielectric constant and low loss;
the top-layer PCB substrate 2 is printed with metal patches 1 arranged in an array manner, a capacitance gap 3 is etched between two adjacent metal patches 1, and a coupling probe 6 is arranged at the center of the top-layer PCB substrate 2; a coupling slit 5 is etched around each coupling probe 6, and a tuning probe 4 is arranged outside each coupling probe;
a microstrip inductor 21 is printed on the bottom PCB substrate 11, and the terminal of the microstrip inductor 21 is in short circuit connection with the metal floor 10, is electrically connected with the metal patch 1 through the tuning probe 4 and plays a tuning role together with the tuning probe 4; the metal floor 10, the top PCB substrate 2 and the bottom PCB substrate 11 are fixed by nylon screws 9.
The metal floor 10 is a thin metal layer printed on the bottom PCB substrate 11, and can reflect electromagnetic waves upwards to realize directional radiation, and also serve as a reference ground plane of the antenna.
Further, the tuning probe 4 is an elongated copper wire electrically connected to the microstrip inductor 21 through the top PCB substrate 2, the metal floor 10 and the bottom PCB substrate 11, and is used to adjust the resonant frequency of each resonant mode so as to make the resonant frequency work in the same frequency range.
Further, the coupling slit 5 includes a square annular groove etched around the coupling probe 6, and the coupling effect between the odd symmetry mode and the even symmetry mode is improved by adjusting the width and the circumference of the annular groove;
further, the coupling probes 6 are elongated copper wires penetrating the top PCB substrate 2, the metal floor 10 and the bottom PCB substrate 11, and electrically connect the metal patches 1 with pins of the switches located on the bottom PCB substrate 11 to achieve mode coupling, thereby achieving beam deflection.
Further, the left capacitance component provided by the capacitance gap 3 on the metal patch 1 is used for partially counteracting the distributed inductance of the metal patch 1, so that the area of the resonator is increased, and meanwhile, the capacitance gap 3 can also carry out electromagnetic radiation, thereby playing roles of reducing the quality factor of the resonator and expanding the bandwidth of the resonator; according to cavity mode theory, modes that may exist within the resonator at this time include: TM (TM) 10 、TM 20 And TM 22 Wherein, TM 10 The field distribution is odd symmetry, with side-emission radiation patterns, and the other two mode fields are even symmetry, with conical radiation patterns.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, another embodiment of the present invention relates to a pattern reconfigurable antenna including the resonator in the previous embodiment, and further including an excitation feeding unit and a control unit disposed on the top PCB substrate 2 and the bottom PCB substrate 11; the excitation feed unit is used for exciting electric fields in two directions so as to excite the resonator; the coupling probe 6 penetrates through the top-layer PCB substrate 2, the metal floor 10 and the bottom-layer PCB substrate 11, and electrically connects the metal patch 1 with the control unit, so that mode coupling is realized.
Further, the excitation feed unit comprises a cross-shaped groove 12 etched in the center of the metal floor 10, a coplanar waveguide is arranged in the cross-shaped groove 12, and the coplanar waveguide is electrically connected with a first microstrip feed line 15 and a second microstrip feed line 16 arranged on the bottom PCB substrate 11 through a first conversion via 7 and a second conversion via 8 so as to excite the resonator;
a first feed port 23 is provided at one end of the first microstrip feed line 15 and a second feed port 24 is provided at one end of the second microstrip feed line 16, both feed ports connecting the antenna with an external feed line as inlets for electromagnetic energy.
Further, the cross-shaped groove 12 is formed by two rectangular grooves with equal length and width along an x axis and a y axis respectively, the coplanar waveguide is formed by a first branch 13 and a second branch 14, the first branch 13 and the second branch 14 are respectively arranged in the two rectangular grooves, the first branch 13 is electrically connected with the first microstrip feeder 15 through the first conversion via hole 7, and the second branch 14 is electrically connected with the second microstrip feeder 16 through the second conversion via hole 8.
When the first feed port 23 is excited, electromagnetic energy is transferred from the first microstrip feed line 15 to the first stub 13 in the coplanar waveguide through the first conversion via 7, and then an electric field in the slot along the y-axis (the electric field along the x-axis) is excited; when the second feed port 24 is excited, electromagnetic energy is transferred from the second microstrip feed line 16 to the second stub 14 in the coplanar waveguide through the second conversion via 8, and an electric field in the slot along the x-axis direction (the electric field along the y-axis) is excited, thereby exciting the electromagnetic metamaterial resonator.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, the control unit controls both the odd symmetry mode and the same/opposite phase of the even symmetry mode, and controls the existence of the even symmetry mode, so as to realize the reconfigurability of beams in different deflection directions and the reconfigurability of beam side emission/deflection, and the control unit comprises a switch circuit, wherein the switch circuit comprises a first switch 17, a second switch 18, a third switch 19 and a fourth switch 20 which are arranged on a bottom layer PCB substrate 11, the four switches are radio frequency diodes with high turn-off isolation and low turn-on loss, the cathode of each switch is electrically connected with a coupling probe 6, and the anode is electrically connected with one end of a microstrip capacitor 22 so as to control the existence of current on the coupling probe 6, thereby controlling the mode coupling and realizing the reconfigurability of a directional diagram.
The microstrip capacitor 22 is a microstrip line printed on the bottom layer of the bottom PCB substrate 11, with open-ended terminals, and is connected to the anodes of the four switches, and plays a role of improving the mode coupling effect together with the coupling slot 5, and is also a path of bias current.
Further, the control unit also comprises a bias circuit, wherein the bias circuit consists of a bias resistor 25, a bias inductor 26 and a bias line 27; the other end of the microstrip capacitor 22 is electrically connected with one end of a bias inductor 26, and the other end of the bias inductor 26 is electrically connected with a bias resistor 25 through a bias line 27;
the coupling probe 6 is electrically connected to one end of another bias inductance 26, and the other end of the bias inductance 26 is electrically connected to a bias line 27.
The bias resistor 25 is a 0603 packaged chip resistor, and is used for limiting the current flowing through the switch, and the resistance depends on the bias voltage; bias inductor 26 is a 0603 packaged patch wound inductor of 43nH for isolating radio frequency signals from the dc bias circuit; the bias line 27 is a thin metal line printed on the bottom layer of the bottom PCB substrate 11, and is used to electrically connect the bias resistor 25, the bias inductor 26, the microstrip capacitor 22 and the coupling probe 6, so as to be a path of bias current.
The cross slot 12 can excite an odd symmetry mode in the resonator, when the switch is turned on, the coupling probe 6 is coupled to ground through the microstrip capacitor 22 on the bottom PCB substrate 11, and because the component along the z-axis exists in the electric field of the odd symmetry mode, the current along the z-axis can be excited on the coupling probe 6 by the electric field, so that the coupling probe 6 can excite an even symmetry mode in the resonator, and the electromagnetic fields radiated by the odd and even modes are superposed, so that a deflection beam can be obtained. While when all switches are off, only the odd symmetry pattern excited by the cross slot 12 exists in the resonator, and a side beam is obtained. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, when the first feed port 23 is fed, the beam can be scanned in the xoz plane in the polarization direction along the x-axis and in the yoz plane when the second feed port 24 is fed, the beam can be scanned in the y-axis in the different switch states.
The final simulated patterns are shown in fig. 5, 6, 9 and 10, and it can be seen that the antenna has an obvious beam deflection effect in the frequency range of 3.2ghz to 4.0ghz in the deflected state, and has a stable side-emission pattern and pure polarization in the frequency range of 3.3ghz to 3.8ghz in the side-emission state. The simulated gain-along-frequency variation curves are shown in fig. 7 and 8, the gain is above 8dBi in the frequency range of 3.4-3.8 GHz, and the peak gain reaches 8.9dBi. In the side-emission state, the gains are all above 8dBi, and the peak gain reaches 10dBi.
The final simulated impedance bandwidth is shown in fig. 11 and 12, and it can be seen that in the side-emission mode, the-10 dB bandwidth of the two feed ports can cover the 5G N78 frequency band (3.3 GHz-3.8 GHz), while in the deflection mode, the-10 dB bandwidth coverage of the feed ports exceeds the 3.15 GHz-4 GHz, and the range of the feed ports is far beyond the 5G N78 frequency band.
Therefore, the antenna has the advantages of wide impedance bandwidth, stable directional diagram, high gain, low profile and the like, and is suitable for being applied to indoor 5G base stations to improve communication quality.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments, but is capable of numerous other combinations, modifications and adaptations, and of being modified within the scope of the inventive concept described herein, by the foregoing teachings or by the skilled person or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A novel resonator structure for implementing the radiation of an antenna, characterized in that: the metal floor comprises a metal floor (10), a top-layer PCB substrate (2) arranged on the upper surface of the metal floor (10) and a bottom-layer PCB substrate (11) arranged on the lower surface of the metal floor (10);
the method comprises the steps that metal patches (1) arranged in an array are printed on a top-layer PCB substrate (2), capacitance gaps (3) are etched between two adjacent metal patches (1), and a coupling probe (6) is arranged in the center of the top-layer PCB substrate (2); a coupling gap (5) is etched around each coupling probe (6), and a tuning probe (4) is arranged outside each coupling probe (6);
a microstrip inductor (21) is printed on the bottom PCB substrate (11), and the terminal of the microstrip inductor (21) is in short circuit connection with the metal floor (10);
the capacitive gap (3) comprises a strip-shaped groove, so that a left capacitor and a right capacitor are provided for the resonator structure, the radiation area is expanded, and radiation is participated;
the coupling gap (5) comprises a square annular groove etched around the coupling probe (6), and the coupling effect between the odd symmetry mode and the even symmetry mode is improved by adjusting the width and the perimeter of the annular groove;
the coupling probes (6) penetrate through the top-layer PCB substrate (2), the metal floor (10) and the bottom-layer PCB substrate (11) to realize mode coupling.
2. A novel resonator structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tuning probe (4) penetrates through the top-layer PCB substrate (2), the metal floor (10) and the bottom-layer PCB substrate (11) to be electrically connected with the microstrip inductor (21) so as to adjust the resonance frequency of each resonance mode.
3. A novel resonator structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the metal floor (10), the top-layer PCB substrate (2) and the bottom-layer PCB substrate (11) are fixed through nylon screws (9).
4. A pattern reconfigurable antenna, characterized by: comprising a novel resonator structure according to any of claims 1-3, further comprising excitation feed units and control units arranged on the top PCB substrate (2) and the bottom PCB substrate (11); the excitation feed unit is used for exciting electric fields in two directions so as to excite the resonator; the coupling probes (6) penetrate through the top-layer PCB substrate (2), the metal floor (10) and the bottom-layer PCB substrate (11) to be electrically connected with the control unit, so that mode coupling is realized.
5. A pattern reconfigurable antenna according to claim 4, wherein: the excitation feed unit comprises a cross-shaped groove (12) etched in the center of the metal floor (10), a coplanar waveguide is arranged in the cross-shaped groove (12), and the coplanar waveguide is electrically connected with a first microstrip feeder (15) and a second microstrip feeder (16) arranged on the bottom PCB substrate (11) through a first conversion via hole (7) and a second conversion via hole (8) so as to excite the resonator;
a first feed port (23) is arranged at one end of the first microstrip feed line (15), a second feed port (24) is arranged at one end of the second microstrip feed line (16), and the two feed ports serve as inlets for electromagnetic energy to connect the antenna with an external feed line.
6. A pattern reconfigurable antenna according to claim 5, wherein: the cross-shaped groove (12) is formed by two rectangular grooves with equal length and width respectively, the coplanar waveguide is formed by a first branch (13) and a second branch (14), the first branch (13) and the second branch (14) are respectively arranged in the two rectangular grooves, the first branch (13) is electrically connected with the first microstrip feeder (15) through a first conversion via hole (7), and the second branch (14) is electrically connected with the second microstrip feeder (16) through a second conversion via hole (8).
7. A pattern reconfigurable antenna according to claim 4, wherein: the control unit comprises a switching circuit, the switching circuit comprises a first switch (17), a second switch (18), a third switch (19) and a fourth switch (20) which are arranged on a bottom PCB substrate (11), the cathode of each switch is electrically connected with the coupling probe (6), and the anode is electrically connected with one end of the microstrip capacitor (22) to control the current on the coupling probe (6) so as to control the mode coupling.
8. A pattern reconfigurable antenna according to claim 7, wherein: the control unit further comprises a bias circuit, wherein the bias circuit consists of a bias resistor (25), a bias inductor (26) and a bias line (27); the other end of the microstrip capacitor (22) is electrically connected with one end of a bias inductor (26), and the other end of the bias inductor (26) is electrically connected with a bias resistor (25) through a bias line (27);
the coupling probe (6) is electrically connected to one end of another bias inductor (26), and the other end of the bias inductor (26) is electrically connected to a bias line (27).
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| CN117594969A (en) | 2024-02-23 |
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