CN110112574B - Reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna - Google Patents
Reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN110112574B CN110112574B CN201910404262.7A CN201910404262A CN110112574B CN 110112574 B CN110112574 B CN 110112574B CN 201910404262 A CN201910404262 A CN 201910404262A CN 110112574 B CN110112574 B CN 110112574B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
Abstract
The invention discloses a reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna.9 dual-polarized planar dipole antenna units are distributed on a dielectric substrate according to 3 rows and 3 columns; the dual-polarized planar dipole antenna unit comprises two feed ports and 4 metal patches positioned around the feed ports, the two transverse metal patches and the two longitudinal metal patches are respectively connected through one feed port, and switches are arranged between the other adjacent transverse metal patches except the two adjacent transverse metal patches in the middle in the second row; in the second row, except for the two adjacent longitudinal metal patches in the middle, switches are arranged between the other adjacent longitudinal metal patches; the lower surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with a capacitive coupling metal sheet, and the capacitive coupling metal sheet is positioned below two metal patches which are close to each other between two adjacent dual-polarized planar dipole antenna units. The invention has the advantages that: the bandwidth of the antenna can be reconstructed as few times as possible, and the requirement of an ultra-wideband system on the antenna is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of antennas, in particular to a reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna.
Background
With the increasing number of radar, electronic warfare, communication, navigation and other functions to be realized on spaceborne, ball-borne, airborne, carrier-borne and other platforms, the number of antennas of each platform is greatly increased. This presents a number of problems including antenna interference, electromagnetic interference and increased radar scattering area, as well as maintenance issues associated with multiple systems. The increasing functional requirements of the above systems place higher demands on the precious antenna resources of the existing platforms. Comprehensive radio frequency systems of various equipment platforms including electronic countermeasure require antenna units and arrays in the system to achieve a common aperture. In order to meet the design requirements of modern military communication and radar functions, the antenna usually needs to ensure the required wide frequency band and high gain performance, and also needs to realize personalized requirements such as small volume, low profile, high reliability and the like in a very limited space. The requirements are difficult to realize in the conventional antenna design, especially ultra wide band and multi-polarization characteristics, but the reconfigurable antenna technology can better meet the requirements through the reconfigurable function, and becomes one of important solution ways in the future.
The basic idea of reconfigurable antennas is that the antenna aperture can be configured in different configurations for different applications and decomposed into multiple independent sections in real time, which requires different positions of the antenna array to be configured in different frequency bands. The deep research on the reconfigurable antenna enables an antenna system to obtain larger gain in a limited space, greatly improves the space freedom degree, and greatly improves the transmission rate and the system capacity of a wireless system. In addition, the reconfigurable antenna is integrated with active devices such as an MEMS switch and a PIN diode, so that the size and the weight of the antenna are reduced, the antenna is easier to conform, and the overall performance of the system is improved.
At present, the reconfiguration of antenna frequency is realized by loading a switch, loading a variable reactance element, changing a mechanical structure or changing material characteristics to change the electrical length of the antenna, the known frequency reconfigurable antenna at home and abroad is based on a narrow-band antenna unit, the single bandwidth does not exceed 50%, although the total working frequency can reach more than 3:1, the frequency reconfigurable antenna is in multi-frequency working in band and cannot meet the working requirement of full coverage of the whole ultra-wide band range. If the work requirement of more than 20:1 is to be realized, the reconstruction times are too many, the work is complex, and the design difficulty is very large.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the problem that the ultra-wideband array antenna in the prior art is reconstructed for a plurality of times is solved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, wherein 9 dual-polarized planar dipole antenna units are arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and the 9 dual-polarized planar dipole antenna units are distributed on the dielectric substrate according to 3 rows and 3 columns;
each dual-polarized planar dipole antenna unit comprises 4 metal patches and two feed ports, wherein the 4 metal patches are respectively positioned around the feed ports, the two transverse metal patches are connected through one feed port, and the two longitudinal metal patches are connected through the other feed port;
in the second row, except for the two adjacent transverse metal patches in the middle, switches are arranged between the other adjacent transverse metal patches;
in the second row, except for two adjacent longitudinal metal patches in the middle, switches are arranged between the other adjacent longitudinal metal patches;
the lower surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with a capacitive coupling metal sheet, and the capacitive coupling metal sheet is positioned below two metal patches which are close to each other between two adjacent dual-polarized planar dipole antenna units.
The reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna comprises two polarizations, each polarization comprises two metal patches and a feed port, the reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna has two working states, all switches are in a conducting state when the reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna is in the working state, only the middle dual-polarized planar dipole antenna unit feeds at the moment, the rest feed ports are in a load state or a disconnection state, the rest dual-polarized planar dipole antenna units participate in radiation as parasitic patches, the whole antenna works in a low-frequency state, and the working frequency band of the antenna is (f)1/3,f2/3) and can realize two-dimensional +/-45-degree scanning; when the antenna is in the second working state, all the switches are in the off state, and all the dual-polarized planar dipole antenna units are in the off stateAll the antennas are fed, the whole antenna is restored to 9 array antennas, the antennas all work under the high-frequency state, and the working frequency band is (f)1,f2) And two-dimensional 45 DEG scanning can be realized. If f2＝3f1The reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna can cover a frequency band (f)1/3，f2). Compared with the prior art, the reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna enables the antenna system to reconstruct the bandwidth of the antenna in an ultra-large bandwidth as few times as possible, and meets the requirements of the ultra-wideband system on the antenna.
Preferably, the material of the medium substrate is FR 4.
Preferably, the dielectric substrate is rectangular.
Preferably, the metal patch is pentagonal, and a pointed end of the metal patch points to the feed port.
Preferably, the metal patch is a copper foil.
Preferably, the feeding port is rectangular.
The antenna has the advantages of low power consumption, easiness in integration and the like, and the influence of the antenna on the working state of the original antenna by the method of widening the bandwidth through the MEMS switch is small, and a feed network and a channel at the rear end of the original antenna can be reused.
Preferably, the capacitive coupling metal sheet is rectangular.
Preferably, the capacitive coupling metal sheet is a copper foil.
Preferably, the metal patch is adhered to the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and the capacitive coupling metal sheet is adhered to the lower surface of the dielectric substrate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in the reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna, each dual-polarized planar dipole antenna unit comprises two polarizations, each polarization comprises two metal patches and a feed port, the reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna has two working states, all switches are in a conducting state when the reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna is in the working state, and only the middle dual-polarized planar dipole antenna unit is arranged at the momentFeeding is carried out, other feeding ports are in a load state or are disconnected, other dual-polarized planar dipole antenna units are used as parasitic patches to participate in radiation, the whole antenna works in a low-frequency state, and the working frequency band of the antenna is (f)1/3,f2/3) and can realize two-dimensional +/-45-degree scanning; when the antenna is in the second working state, all the switches are in the disconnected state, all the dual-polarized planar dipole antenna units feed at the moment, the whole antenna is restored into 9 array antennas, the antenna works in the high-frequency state, and the working frequency band is (f)1,f2) And two-dimensional 45 DEG scanning can be realized. If f2＝3f1The reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna can cover a frequency band (f)1/3，f2). Compared with the prior art, the reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna enables the antenna system to reconstruct the bandwidth of the antenna in an ultra-large bandwidth as few times as possible, and meets the requirements of the ultra-wideband system on the antenna.
The MEMS switch realizes the switching between the on state and the off state through electrostatic driving, has the advantages of low power consumption, easy integration and the like, has small influence on the working state of the original antenna through a method of widening the bandwidth of the MEMS switch, and can reuse a feed network and a channel at the rear end of the original antenna.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a top view of a reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a front view of a reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is an active standing wave of a reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna in an active state when the antenna is in an active state;
fig. 4 is an antenna radiation pattern of a reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna in an operating state according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 shows an active standing wave in an antenna scanning state when a reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna is in a second operating state according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is an antenna radiation pattern of a reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna in a second operating state according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the antenna comprises a dielectric substrate-1, a dual-polarized planar dipole antenna unit-2, a switch-3, a capacitive coupling metal sheet-4, a metal patch-21 and a feed port-22.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and operate, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna comprises a dielectric substrate 1, wherein 9 dual-polarized planar dipole antenna units 2 are arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 1, and the 9 dual-polarized planar dipole antenna units 2 are distributed on the dielectric substrate 1 according to 3 rows and 3 columns.
For convenience of description and understanding, in the state shown in fig. 1, the dual-polarized planar dipole antenna elements 2 at corresponding positions are numbered with x at the right side (i.e., the arrangement direction of the columns) and y at the upper side (i.e., the arrangement direction of the rows), for example, the dual-polarized planar dipole antenna elements 2 at the third column of the second row are numbered with #32, and the dual-polarized planar dipole antenna elements 2 at the middle are numbered with # 22.
As shown in fig. 1, each dual-polarized planar dipole antenna unit 2 includes 4 metal patches 21 and two feed ports 22, where the 4 metal patches 21 are respectively located around the feed ports 22, and the two transverse metal patches 21 are connected through one feed port 22 to form x-polarization, the two longitudinal metal patches 21 are connected through the other feed port 22 to form y-polarization, the feed ports 22 feed the metal patches 21, and the metal patches 21 radiate electromagnetic waves into space.
In the second row, except for the two transverse metal patches 21 adjacent in the middle, the switches 3 are disposed between the other adjacent transverse metal patches 21, specifically, the switches 3 are disposed between two x-polarized metal patches 21 of #12, between two x-polarized metal patches 21 of #32, between two metal patches 21 close to each other in #12 and #22, and between two metal patches 21 close to each other in #22 and # 32.
In the second column, except for the two longitudinal metal patches 21 adjacent to each other in the middle, the switches 3 are disposed between the other adjacent longitudinal metal patches 21, specifically, the switches 3 are disposed between two y-polarized metal patches 21 of #21, between two y-polarized metal patches 21 of #23, between two adjacent metal patches 21 of #21 and #22, and between two adjacent metal patches 21 of #22 and # 23.
With reference to fig. 1 and 2, a capacitive coupling metal sheet 4 is disposed on a lower surface of the dielectric substrate 1 to enhance coupling between array elements, the capacitive coupling metal sheet 4 is located below two metal patches 21 that are close to each other between two adjacent dual-polarized planar dipole antenna units 2, the capacitive coupling metal sheet 4 is also disposed below the metal patch 21 that is close to an edge of the dielectric substrate 1, the capacitive coupling metal sheet 4 is a half piece, and when two reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antennas are spliced, the two corresponding half pieces of capacitive coupling metal sheet 4 can be combined into a complete capacitive coupling metal sheet 4.
The dielectric substrate 1 is made of FR4 and FR4 (glass fiber epoxy resin copper clad laminate), the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate 1 is 4.4, the dielectric substrate 1 is rectangular, the metal patch 21 is pentagonal, the pentagonal is in an optimized shape, the effect is good, a pointed end of the metal patch 21 points to the feed port 22, the metal patch 21 is a copper foil, the feed port 22 is rectangular, the switch 3 is an MEMS switch, the MEMS switch is in the prior art and can be purchased in the market, and the capacitive coupling metal sheet 4 is a rectangular copper foil.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the metal patch 21 is adhered to the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 1, and the capacitive coupling metal plate 4 is adhered to the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 1.
The working principle is as follows:
in the reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna, each dual-polarized planar dipole antenna unit 2 comprises two polarizations, and each polarization comprises two metal patches 21 and a feed port 22.
The reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna has two working states:
when the antenna is in a working state, all the switches 3 are in a conducting state, only the middle dual-polarized planar dipole antenna unit 2 feeds at the moment, the rest feeding ports 22 are in a loading state or are disconnected, the rest dual-polarized planar dipole antenna units 2 participate in radiation as parasitic patches, the whole antenna works in a low-frequency state, and the working frequency band of the antenna is (f)1/3,f2And/3), and can realize two-dimensional ± 45 ° scanning, the reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna works in the 0.8-2GHz band, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, respectively, an active standing wave of the reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna in a one-time antenna scanning state and an antenna radiation pattern of the reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna in a one-time antenna scanning state in an operating state in the embodiment of the present invention.
When the antenna is in the second working state, all the switches 3 are in the disconnected state, all the dual-polarized planar dipole antenna units 2 are fed at the moment, the whole antenna is restored to 9 array antennas, the antenna works in the high-frequency state, and the working frequency band is (f)1,f2) And can realize two-dimensional +/-45 degree scanning, the said reconfigurable ultra wide band array antenna works in 2-6GHz frequency band, for example figure 5, 6 is the active standing wave of antenna scanning state and antenna radiation pattern when the antenna is in working state two of an embodiment of the invention of a reconfigurable ultra wide band array antenna in working state two.
If f2＝3f1The reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna can cover a frequency band (f)1/3，f2). Compared with the prior art, the reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna enables the antenna system to reconstruct the bandwidth of the antenna in an ultra-large bandwidth as few times as possible, and meets the requirements of the ultra-wideband system on the antenna.
The reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna can realize the coverage of a working frequency band of 0.8-6GHz, the antenna is dual-polarized, two-dimensional +/-45-degree scanning is realized, and the active standing-wave ratio is less than 2.5 during scanning.
The MEMS switch realizes the switching between the on state and the off state through electrostatic driving, has the advantages of low power consumption, easy integration and the like, has small influence on the working state of the original antenna through the method of widening the bandwidth of the MEMS switch, and can reuse the feed network and the channel at the rear end of the original antenna.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna, characterized by: the antenna comprises a dielectric substrate (1), wherein 9 dual-polarized planar dipole antenna units (2) are arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate (1), and the 9 dual-polarized planar dipole antenna units (2) are distributed on the dielectric substrate (1) according to 3 rows and 3 columns;
each dual-polarized planar dipole antenna unit (2) comprises 4 metal patches (21) and two feed ports (22), wherein the 4 metal patches (21) are respectively positioned around the feed ports (22), the two transverse metal patches (21) are connected through one feed port (22), and the two longitudinal metal patches (21) are connected through the other feed port (22);
the metal patch (21) is pentagonal, and a pointed end of the metal patch (21) points to the feed port (22);
in the second row, from left to right, switches (3) are arranged between the first transverse metal patch (21) and the second transverse metal patch (21), between the second transverse metal patch (21) and the third transverse metal patch (21), between the fourth transverse metal patch (21) and the fifth transverse metal patch (21), and between the fifth transverse metal patch (21) and the sixth transverse metal patch (21);
in the second row, from top to bottom, switches (3) are arranged between the first longitudinal metal patch (21) and the second longitudinal metal patch (21), between the second longitudinal metal patch (21) and the third longitudinal metal patch (21), between the fourth longitudinal metal patch (21) and the fifth longitudinal metal patch (21), and between the fifth longitudinal metal patch (21) and the sixth longitudinal metal patch (21);
the capacitive coupling metal sheet (4) is arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate (1), and the capacitive coupling metal sheet (4) is located below two metal patches (21) which are close to each other between two adjacent dual-polarized planar dipole antenna units (2).
2. The reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the medium substrate (1) is made of FR 4.
3. The reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the dielectric substrate (1) is rectangular.
4. The reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the metal patch (21) is a copper foil.
5. The reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the feed port (22) is rectangular.
6. The reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the switch (3) is an MEMS switch.
7. The reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the capacitive coupling metal sheet (4) is rectangular.
8. The reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the capacitive coupling metal sheet (4) is a copper foil.
9. The reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the metal patch (21) is adhered to the upper surface of the dielectric substrate (1), and the capacitive coupling metal sheet (4) is adhered to the lower surface of the dielectric substrate (1).
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| CN110635250B (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2021-01-29 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | VHF wave band tightly-coupled planar dipole array antenna |
| CN110718770A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2020-01-21 | 山西大学 | Full-polarization reconfigurable MIMO antenna |
| CN110797638A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2020-02-14 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十六研究所 | Low-profile millimeter wave printed board antenna array |
| CN112615166B (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2022-04-12 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Modularized array antenna capable of simultaneously reconfiguring frequency, aperture and polarization and using method |
| CN113131188B (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2022-07-12 | 上海航天测控通信研究所 | Multi-star assembled antenna device |
| CN114171910B (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2023-11-17 | 合肥师范学院 | Broadband polarization and directional diagram mixed reconfigurable antenna |
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