CN114171910B - Broadband polarization and directional diagram mixed reconfigurable antenna - Google Patents
Broadband polarization and directional diagram mixed reconfigurable antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN114171910B CN114171910B CN202111507203.6A CN202111507203A CN114171910B CN 114171910 B CN114171910 B CN 114171910B CN 202111507203 A CN202111507203 A CN 202111507203A CN 114171910 B CN114171910 B CN 114171910B
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
- H01Q15/242—Polarisation converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
- H01Q3/247—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching by switching different parts of a primary active element
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/32—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by mechanical means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
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- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a broadband polarization and pattern mixed reconfigurable antenna, which comprises a broadband polarization reconfigurable feed source antenna and a pattern reconstruction surface which are oppositely arranged; the wideband polarization reconfigurable feed antenna comprises a first high-frequency dielectric substrate, wherein one side of the first high-frequency dielectric substrate is provided with a radiation unit patch, a polarization reconfiguration patch and a high-frequency switch, and the other side of the first high-frequency dielectric substrate is provided with a metal backboard, a feed port, a blocking capacitor, a direct current port and a high-frequency choke coil; the pattern reconstruction surface comprises a second high-frequency dielectric substrate which is arranged in parallel with the first high-frequency dielectric substrate, the second high-frequency dielectric substrate can axially rotate relative to the first high-frequency dielectric substrate, one side of the second high-frequency dielectric substrate is provided with a patch area, and a plurality of metal patches are periodically arranged in the patch area. The invention has a plurality of functions such as wideband operation, polarization reconstruction, pattern reconstruction and the like, and greatly improves the performance of the existing antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a reconfigurable antenna, and more particularly, to a broadband polarized and pattern mixed reconfigurable antenna.
Background
The development of modern radio technologies has led to a wide variety of system applications, antennas being an important area of radio technology, which plays a vital role for various radio systems. Particularly for complex communication systems, high requirements are placed on the polarization mode of electromagnetic wave propagation, the working frequency bandwidth of the antenna, the radiation directivity and the like, which brings great challenges to the research of antenna technology. Currently, in order to meet the complex system requirements, antennas are being developed toward miniaturization, wide frequency band, and the like.
In recent years, with the proposal of reconfigurable antenna technology, polarization mode reconstruction, radiation pattern reconstruction, operating frequency reconstruction, gain adjustment and the like of an antenna can be realized by changing the radiation unit structure of the antenna, adjusting the radiation phase, the current direction and the like, and the reconfigurable antenna has incomparable remarkable advantages for complex systems. At present, two main modes of realizing antenna reconstruction are mechanical reconstruction and electric reconstruction, wherein the mechanical reconstruction is to realize the change of antenna performance by adjusting the geometric structure or the spatial distribution of the antenna, thereby achieving the aim of meeting the system requirement. The electrical reconstruction is to design a switch circuit in the antenna structure, and the radiation performance of the antenna is changed by controlling the switch circuit. Along with the continuous progress of modern processing and manufacturing technology, the engineering application range of the reconfigurable antenna is further expanded.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background technology, the invention provides a broadband polarization and directional diagram mixed reconfigurable antenna.
The invention provides a broadband polarization and pattern mixed reconfigurable antenna, which comprises a broadband polarization reconfigurable feed source antenna and a pattern reconstruction surface which are oppositely arranged, wherein the distance between the broadband polarization reconfigurable feed source antenna and the pattern reconstruction surface is adjustable;
the broadband polarization reconfigurable feed antenna comprises a first high-frequency dielectric substrate, a radiation unit patch, a polarization reconfiguration patch and a high-frequency switch are arranged on one side, close to the directional diagram reconfiguration surface, of the first high-frequency dielectric substrate, a metal backboard, a feed port, a blocking capacitor, a direct current port and a high-frequency choke coil are arranged on one side, far away from the directional diagram reconfiguration surface, of the first high-frequency dielectric substrate, the radiation unit patch is connected with the direct current port, the polarization reconfiguration patch and the metal backboard are both connected with the high-frequency choke coil, the direct current port and the feed port are both connected with the blocking capacitor, and the radiation unit patch is connected with the polarization reconfiguration patch through the high-frequency switch;
the pattern reconstruction surface comprises a second high-frequency dielectric substrate which is arranged in parallel with the first high-frequency dielectric substrate, the second high-frequency dielectric substrate can axially rotate relative to the first high-frequency dielectric substrate, one side of the second high-frequency dielectric substrate is provided with a patch area, and a plurality of metal patches are periodically arranged in the patch area.
Preferably, the two polarization reconstruction patches are arranged on two sides of the radiation unit patch, and the radiation unit patch is connected with the two polarization reconstruction patches through two high-frequency switches respectively.
Preferably, both high frequency switches use PIN diodes, and the two PIN diodes are opposite in direction.
Preferably, the first high-frequency dielectric substrate is further provided with a plurality of bandwidth expansion patches arranged near the radiating element patches and the polarization reconstruction patches.
Preferably, the radiating unit patch is provided with a first metal hole, and the direct current port is connected with the first metal hole.
Preferably, the two polarization reconstruction patches are provided with second metal holes; the high-frequency chokes are arranged in two and are respectively connected with the two second metal holes.
Preferably, the first high-frequency dielectric substrate and the second high-frequency dielectric substrate have the same shape and are circular or square.
Preferably, the number of the second high-frequency dielectric substrates is one or more.
Preferably, the radiating element patch is square, square ring, circular or annular in shape.
Preferably, the patch area of the second high-frequency dielectric substrate is semicircular or 1/4 circular in shape; the shape of the metal patch is square, square ring, circular or circular ring; the plurality of metal patches within the patch area may be the same or different in size.
The broadband polarization and pattern mixed reconfigurable antenna mainly comprises a broadband polarization reconfigurable feed source antenna and a pattern reconstruction surface, polarization reconstruction of a crumple source can be realized by controlling the voltage of a direct current port, and the antenna has the advantages of low profile, small volume, simple realization and easy integration. The distance between the directional diagram reconstruction surface and the broadband polarization reconfigurable feed source antenna can be adjusted, so that a better beam control effect is realized; the two layers of second high-frequency medium substrates can simultaneously rotate 360 degrees, or only one of the second high-frequency medium substrates can be rotated, and the surface phase is adjusted through the set rotation angle and the set relative position, so that the control of the antenna radiation beam is realized, and the reconstruction of the antenna pattern is further realized. The direct-current voltage port and the high-frequency choke are arranged on the back of the feed source antenna, so that interference to the radiation performance of the feed source antenna is avoided. The wideband polarization reconfigurable feed source antenna is characterized in that two PIN diodes with opposite directions are arranged between a radiation patch and a polarization reconfiguration patch, the directions of the PIN diodes can be exchanged, and the linear polarization, the left-hand circular polarization and the right-hand circular polarization of the antenna can be realized by controlling the voltage of a direct-current voltage source, so that the polarization reconfigurable antenna is formed; specifically: when the voltage of the direct-current voltage source is zero, the feed source antenna works in an online polarization state; when the direct-current voltage source voltage is negative on voltage, the feed source antenna works in a left-hand circular polarization state; when the direct-current voltage source voltage is positive on voltage, the feed source antenna works in a right-hand circular polarization state. The bandwidth expansion patch is added near the radiation unit patch of the feed source antenna, so that the broadband work of the feed source antenna can be realized. The metal patch on the reconstruction surface of the directional diagram can be flexibly designed, namely, the shape of the patch can be square, square ring, round or circular ring and the like; the size of the patch can be the same size or the size can be changed proportionally; the shape of the patch can be semicircular or 1/4 circular, and the like, and the reconstruction mode is flexible and changeable to meet more system requirements.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wideband polarized and directional diagram hybrid reconfigurable antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a top view of a wideband polarized reconfigurable feed antenna in a wideband polarized and directional diagram mixed reconfigurable antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a bottom view of a wideband polarized reconfigurable feed antenna in a wideband polarized and directional diagram hybrid reconfigurable antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second high-frequency dielectric substrate in a wideband polarized and directional diagram hybrid reconfigurable antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of another structure of a second high-frequency dielectric substrate in a wideband polarized and directional diagram hybrid reconfigurable antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of another structure of a second high-frequency dielectric substrate in a wideband polarized and directional diagram hybrid reconfigurable antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the reconstruction surface of the direction diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of several combinations of the two-layer structure of the reconstruction surface of the direction diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 shows the return loss S of the wideband polarized and pattern mixed reconfigurable antenna according to the embodiment of the invention 11 A graph;
FIG. 10 is an axial ratio plot of a wideband polarized and pattern mixed reconfigurable antenna in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 shows radiation patterns of the wideband polarized and pattern hybrid reconfigurable antenna under different rotation angles according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a broadband polarization and pattern hybrid reconfigurable antenna, which comprises a broadband polarization reconfigurable feed source antenna and a pattern reconstruction surface which are oppositely arranged, wherein the distance between the broadband polarization reconfigurable feed source antenna and the pattern reconstruction surface is adjustable; wherein:
as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the wideband polarization reconfigurable feed antenna includes a circular first high-frequency dielectric substrate 101, a radiating element patch 102, a polarization reconfiguration patch 103 and a high-frequency switch 104 are disposed on a side of the first high-frequency dielectric substrate 101 close to the directional diagram reconfiguration surface, and a metal back plate 105, a feed port 106, a blocking capacitor 107, a direct-current port 108 and a high-frequency choke 109 are disposed on a side of the first high-frequency dielectric substrate 101 far from the directional diagram reconfiguration surface. The radiating element patch 102 is square, the radiating element patch 102 is connected with the direct current port 108, the polarization reconstruction patch 103 is provided with two and two polarization reconstruction patches 103 are arranged on two sides of the radiating element patch 102, the radiating element patch 102 is respectively connected with the two polarization reconstruction patches 103 through the two high-frequency switches 104, and the polarization reconstruction patches 103 and the metal back plate 105 are connected with the high-frequency choke 109. Both the dc port 108 and the feed port 106 are connected to the blocking capacitor 107.
As shown in fig. 4 and 7, the pattern reconstruction surface includes two layers of circular second high-frequency dielectric substrates 201, the second high-frequency dielectric substrates 201 are arranged in parallel with the first high-frequency dielectric substrates 101, and the second high-frequency dielectric substrates 201 can axially rotate relative to the first high-frequency dielectric substrates 101, a semicircular patch area is arranged on one side of the second high-frequency dielectric substrates 201 away from the first high-frequency dielectric substrates 101, a plurality of square metal patches 202 are periodically arranged in the patch area, and the sizes of the plurality of metal patches are the same, in practical application, the patch area can also be arranged on one side of the second high-frequency dielectric substrates 201 close to the first high-frequency dielectric substrates 101. The surfaces of the metal patches in the two-layer structure are opposite, and various rotation angle combinations can be formed by rotating the high-frequency dielectric substrate, and referring to fig. 8 (a) - (i), different antenna radiation patterns can be realized by each rotation combination, so that the distance between the pattern reconstruction surface and the broadband polarization reconfigurable feed source antenna can be adjusted for realizing a better beam control effect.
In this embodiment, the two high-frequency switches 104 each use a PIN diode, and the two PIN diodes are opposite in direction and can be reversed. Connecting a direct-current voltage source to the direct-current port, and when the voltage of the voltage source is zero, disconnecting both PIN diodes, wherein the feed source antenna works in an online polarization state; when the direct-current voltage source voltage is positive on voltage, the feed source antenna works in a left-hand circular polarization state; when the direct-current voltage source voltage is negative on voltage, the feed source antenna works in a right-hand circular polarization state.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the first high-frequency dielectric substrate 101 is further provided with 6 identical bandwidth expansion patches 110 disposed near the radiating element patches 102 and the polarization reconstruction patches 103, and the number of bandwidth expansion patches 110 is not limited by the example, and the number of bandwidth expansion patches 110 can be increased or decreased. A bandwidth expansion patch is arranged near the radiation unit patch and the polarization reconstruction patch, so that the working bandwidth of the feed source antenna can be expanded, and the gain of the feed source antenna can be improved.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the radiating element patch 102 is provided with a first metal hole 111, and the dc port 108 is connected to the first metal hole 111. A second metal hole 112 is provided in both polarization reconstruction patches 103. The high-frequency choke coils 109 are provided in two, and the two high-frequency choke coils 109 are connected to the two second metal holes 112, respectively.
Based on the idea of the invention, the wideband polarization and directional diagram mixed reconfigurable antenna is completed by utilizing the antenna design and manufacturing process. FIG. 9 shows the return loss S of the feed antenna at different DC voltage conditions 11 . Fig. 10 shows the axial ratio of the antenna in different dc voltage conditions. FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the maximum radiation of the reconstructed surface of the patternDirectional antenna pattern.
Design results show that the patch can obviously increase the working bandwidth of the antenna by increasing the bandwidth; the polarization mode of the antenna can be effectively controlled by utilizing the direct-current voltage, and linear polarization, left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization are realized; the maximum deflection angle of the antenna beam is increased by about 30 degrees by the directional diagram reconstruction surface, and the maximum radiation direction of the antenna rotates along with the rotation of the directional diagram reconstruction surface to scan the beam, so that the control of the radiation direction of the antenna is realized.
The invention has a plurality of functions such as wideband operation, polarization reconstruction, pattern reconstruction and the like, greatly improves the performance of the existing antenna, and has wider application prospect.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The broadband polarization and pattern mixed reconfigurable antenna is characterized by comprising a broadband polarization reconfigurable feed source antenna and a pattern reconstruction surface which are oppositely arranged, wherein the distance between the broadband polarization reconfigurable feed source antenna and the pattern reconstruction surface is adjustable;
the broadband polarization reconfigurable feed antenna comprises a first high-frequency dielectric substrate (101), wherein a radiation unit patch (102), a polarization reconfiguration patch (103) and a high-frequency switch (104) are arranged on one side, close to a directional diagram reconfiguration surface, of the first high-frequency dielectric substrate (101), a metal backboard (105), a feed port (106), a blocking capacitor (107), a direct-current port (108) and a high-frequency choke (109) are arranged on one side, far away from the directional diagram reconfiguration surface, of the first high-frequency dielectric substrate (101), the radiation unit patch (102) is connected with the direct-current port (108), the polarization reconfiguration patch (103) and the metal backboard (105) are connected with the high-frequency choke (109), the direct-current port (108) and the feed port (106) are connected with the blocking capacitor (107), and the radiation unit patch (102) and the polarization reconfiguration patch (103) are connected through the high-frequency switch (104);
the pattern reconstruction surface comprises a second high-frequency dielectric substrate (201) which is arranged in parallel with the first high-frequency dielectric substrate (101), the second high-frequency dielectric substrate (201) can axially rotate relative to the first high-frequency dielectric substrate (101), a patch area is arranged on one side of the second high-frequency dielectric substrate (201), and a plurality of metal patches (202) are periodically arranged in the patch area.
2. The broadband polarization and pattern hybrid reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, wherein two polarization reconfiguration patches (103) are provided and two polarization reconfiguration patches (103) are provided on both sides of the radiation unit patch (102), and the radiation unit patch (102) is connected to the two polarization reconfiguration patches (103) through two high-frequency switches (104), respectively.
3. The broadband polarized, mixed pattern reconfigurable antenna of claim 2, wherein both high frequency switches (104) employ PIN diodes and the two PIN diodes are in opposite directions.
4. The broadband polarization/pattern hybrid reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of bandwidth expansion patches (110) disposed near the radiating element patch (102) and the polarization reconstruction patch (103) are further disposed on the first high-frequency dielectric substrate (101).
5. The broadband polarized and mixed pattern reconfigurable antenna of claim 1, wherein the radiating element patch (102) is provided with a first metal aperture (111), and the dc port (108) is connected to the first metal aperture (111).
6. The broadband polarized and mixed pattern reconfigurable antenna of claim 2, wherein the two polarization reconfiguration patches (103) are each provided with a second metal aperture (112); the high-frequency choke coils (109) are provided in two, and the two high-frequency choke coils (109) are respectively connected to the two second metal holes (112).
7. The broadband polarization/pattern hybrid reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, wherein the first high-frequency dielectric substrate (101) and the second high-frequency dielectric substrate (201) have the same shape and are circular or square.
8. The broadband polarized, mixed pattern reconfigurable antenna of claim 1, wherein the number of second high frequency dielectric substrates (201) is one or more.
9. The broadband polarized, mixed pattern reconfigurable antenna of claim 1, wherein the radiating element patch (102) is square, square ring, circular or annular in shape.
10. The broadband polarized, mixed pattern reconfigurable antenna of claim 1, wherein the patch area of the second high frequency dielectric substrate (201) is semicircular or 1/4 circular in shape; the shape of the metal patch (202) is square, square ring, circular or circular ring; the plurality of metal patches (202) within the patch area are the same or different sizes.
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| CN202111507203.6A CN114171910B (en) | 2021-12-10 | 2021-12-10 | Broadband polarization and directional diagram mixed reconfigurable antenna |
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| CN202111507203.6A CN114171910B (en) | 2021-12-10 | 2021-12-10 | Broadband polarization and directional diagram mixed reconfigurable antenna |
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