CN111509406A - Polarization and directional diagram composite reconfigurable antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention proposes a polarization and pattern composite reconfigurable antenna, which is used to solve the technology of complex feeding system due to few reconfigurable polarization states existing in the prior art and many antenna element feeding ports. The problem includes a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate that are stacked on top of each other, wherein a radio frequency switch is loaded on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate, including an equivalent radio frequency switch for connecting a cross-shaped metal patch and a rectangular patch, and a For ideal RF switches connecting different parasitic pixel patches, by controlling the on and off states of these RF switches, the antenna can achieve three polarization states, namely linear polarization, left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization. And in each polarization state, the use of reconfigurable parasitic pixel patches can deflect the main beam, which can be used in remote sensing telemetry, wireless communication and other fields.

Description

A Polarization and Pattern Composite Reconfigurable Antenna

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and relates to a composite reconfigurable antenna of polarization and direction pattern, which can be applied to the fields of remote sensing telemetry, wireless communication and the like.

Background technique

With the advancement of science and technology, people's demand for information has increased unprecedentedly, which has led to the rapid development of communication technology. As an important branch of the communication field, wireless communication has been widely used in various fields such as national defense and people's livelihood because it gets rid of the dependence on physical transmission lines. The antenna is the information entrance and exit of the radio equipment, and the quality of the antenna performance directly affects the communication quality of the entire wireless communication system.

Nowadays, wireless communication is gradually accelerating into the era of multi-function, large-capacity, and ultra-broadband. The rapid development of modern wireless communication systems directly leads to an increasing number of subsystems on the same platform, and at the same time, the number of antennas also increases accordingly. With the increase in the number of antennas on the same platform, problems such as large size, high cost, and electromagnetic compatibility also appear simultaneously. In order to solve these problems, reconfigurable antennas have been developed, which can change the characteristics of the antenna's operating frequency, radiation pattern and polarization according to the requirements of different environments, so as to meet the needs of wireless communication systems. The frequency reconfigurable antenna can improve the spectrum utilization rate of the communication system; the pattern reconfigurable antenna can save the energy of the communication system and improve the security of the communication system; the polarization reconfigurable antenna can add additional transmit and receive channels. In addition, the polarized reconfigurable antenna also has a certain inhibitory effect on the signal fading caused by the multipath effect, and improves the immunity of the system to the interference signal.

The research on reconfigurable antennas by domestic and foreign scholars mainly focuses on polarization reconfigurable antennas and pattern reconfigurable antennas, and proposes a variety of polarization or pattern independent reconfigurable antenna design schemes. However, the simultaneous reconfiguration of the polarization and pattern of the antenna can improve the degree of spatial freedom, thereby improving the system capacity of the wireless communication system, solving the problem of polarization mismatch in communication, avoiding electronic interference between systems, and improving spectrum utilization. rate, improving the transmission rate of the communication system. In addition, in order to obtain the maximum signal amplitude value at the receiving antenna end, it is necessary to match the specific polarization mode to select different polarized wave transmission when transmitting high-frequency waves of different frequencies. to maximize the reconfigurable polarization number of the antenna. However, some current polarization and pattern composite reconfigurable antennas only switch between left-handed circular polarization and right-handed circular polarization, or between horizontal polarization and vertical polarization when realizing polarization reconfiguration. Switching between polarizations, such antennas are rarely able to switch between circular polarization and linear polarization.

For example, the application publication number is CN108963472A, and the patent application titled "A Pattern and Polarization Reconfigurable Antenna" discloses a pattern and polarization reconfigurable antenna, which includes four antenna units and four parallel antennas. One-to-one switch between units, each antenna unit has two pairs of controllable perturbation parts, and the two pairs of controllable perturbation parts are respectively connected with the switches corresponding to the antenna unit where they are located, and the switches are used to control the state of the perturbation parts to change Disturbance to the current; each antenna unit includes three feeding ports, and the feeding ports of each antenna unit are respectively connected by the feeding probe through the transmission line with the switch corresponding to the antenna unit where it is located. The transmission line passes through the first equal-phase equal-amplitude power The divider is divided into two parts, and each part is divided into two parts through a second equal-phase equal-amplitude power divider respectively, and the final divided four parts are respectively connected to four switches. The antenna has a three-layer structure. The state of the feeding port of the antenna unit is changed by controlling the switch, thereby changing the pattern of the antenna array, and the two pairs of controllable perturbation parts are switched by the control switch, thereby changing the disturbance to the current and realizing the left-handed circular pole. switching between polarization and right-hand circular polarization. Although the antenna realizes the reconfiguration of polarization and pattern, its disadvantage is that the antenna can only switch between left-handed circular polarization and right-handed circular polarization. In addition, the antenna unit adopts multi-port , which leads to the complexity of the feeding system and the increased difficulty in antenna design. Therefore, it will be limited in practical applications.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, and proposes a composite reconfigurable antenna with polarization and pattern, which is used to solve the problem of few reconfigurable polarization states in the prior art, because the antenna element feeds There are many electrical ports, which leads to complex technical problems in the feeding system.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

A polarization and pattern composite reconfigurable antenna, comprising a first dielectric substrate 1 and a second dielectric substrate 2 stacked up and down:

A drive unit 3 is printed on the center of the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 1, and a plurality of periodically arranged parasitic pixel patches 4 are printed on the periphery of the drive unit 3; the drive unit 3 includes a cross-shaped metal The patch 31 and the rectangular patch 32 located at the four corner space positions of the cross-shaped metal patch 31, the four rectangular patches 32 are connected to the cross-shaped metal patch 31 through one or more equivalent radio frequency switches 33 respectively. connected, and each rectangular patch 32 is connected to a radio frequency choke inductor 34, and the polarization reconfigurable characteristics of the antenna are realized by controlling the connected and disconnected states of the equivalent radio frequency switch 33; the parasitic pixel patch 4 Adopting a rectangular structure, the adjacent parasitic pixel patches 4 are connected through an ideal radio frequency switch 5, and by controlling the connected and disconnected states of the ideal radio frequency switch 5, the reconfigurable characteristic of the antenna pattern is realized;

The upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 2 is printed with metal microstrip lines 6 , the lower surface is printed with a metal floor 7 and a second radio frequency choke inductor 34 at the projected position of the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate 2 . RF choke inductor 8;

The first RF choke inductor 34 is connected to one end of the second RF choke inductor 8 on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate 2 through a metallized via hole, and the other end of the second RF choke inductor 8 is connected to the metal floor 7 .

In the above-mentioned composite reconfigurable antenna with polarization and pattern, the center of the cross-shaped metal patch 31 is located on the normal line of the center of the first dielectric substrate 1 .

In the above-mentioned composite reconfigurable antenna with polarization and pattern, the center of the rectangular patch 32 is located on the diagonal of the cross-shaped metal patch 31, and the four rectangular patches 32 and the cross-shaped metal patch 31 The center distances are equal.

In the above-mentioned composite reconfigurable antenna with polarization and pattern, the plurality of periodically arranged parasitic pixel patches 4 have one parasitic pixel vacant at each of the four corners of the parasitic pixel patch array formed by them. patch 4 , and the center of the parasitic pixel patch array coincides with the center of the cross-shaped metal patch 31 .

In the above-mentioned composite reconfigurable antenna with polarization and pattern, the shape of the parasitic pixel patch 4 is a rectangle, and a rectangular protrusion is provided at the midpoint position of each side of the parasitic pixel patch 4 .

In the above-mentioned composite reconfigurable antenna with polarization and pattern, the equivalent RF switch 33 and the ideal RF switch 5 use any one of a MEMS switch, a PIN diode switch and a field effect transistor switch.

In the above-mentioned composite reconfigurable antenna with polarization and pattern, the first dielectric substrate 1 and the second dielectric substrate 2 are plates with a relative permittivity of 2.65.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

① The present invention can realize the left-hand circular polarization, right-hand circular polarization and linear polarization characteristics of the antenna by controlling the on-off state of the equivalent radio frequency switch loaded between the cross-shaped metal patch and the rectangular patch; The on-off state of an ideal RF switch loaded between different parasitic pixel patches can achieve the pattern reconfigurable characteristic of the antenna. The technical problem of few reconfigurable polarization states existing in the prior art is solved;

② The present invention has only one feeding port, which avoids the technical problem of complex feeding system due to the many feeding ports of the antenna unit in the prior art, and makes the present invention simple in structure and easy to implement.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a top view of the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate of the present invention;

3 is a schematic structural diagram of the second dielectric substrate of the present invention;

4 is a topological structure diagram of the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate corresponding to four deflection angles when working in a left-handed circular polarization state according to an embodiment of the present invention;

5 is a topological structure diagram of the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate corresponding to four deflection angles when working in a right-handed circular polarization state according to an embodiment of the present invention;

6 is a topological structure diagram of the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate corresponding to three deflection angles when working in a linearly polarized state according to an embodiment of the present invention;

7 is a simulation result diagram of reflection coefficient, axial ratio and gain of the antenna working in three polarization states under the condition that the antenna pattern is not deflected according to an embodiment of the present invention;

8 is a simulation result diagram of reflection coefficients and axial ratios corresponding to four deflection angles when an embodiment of the present invention works in a left-handed circular polarization state;

Fig. 9 is the radiation pattern of the phi=0° plane when the embodiment of the present invention works in a left-handed circularly polarized state, and four deflection angles are at a frequency f=4.72 GHz;

10 is a simulation result diagram of reflection coefficients and axial ratios corresponding to four deflection angles when working in a right-handed circular polarization state according to an embodiment of the present invention;

11 is the radiation pattern of the phi=0° plane when the embodiment of the present invention works in a right-handed circularly polarized state, and four deflection angles are at a frequency f=4.72 GHz;

FIG. 12 is a simulation result diagram of reflection coefficients corresponding to three deflection angles when working in a linearly polarized state according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a radiation pattern on a plane with phi=0° when the frequency f=4.72 GHz is used for three deflection angles when the embodiment of the present invention works in a linearly polarized state.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail:

Referring to FIG. 1 , the present invention includes a first dielectric substrate 1 and a second dielectric substrate 2 that are stacked up and down, wherein the thickness of the first dielectric substrate 1 is 1 mm, and a square F4BM material with a dielectric constant of 2.65 and a loss tangent of 0.002 is used. , its side length is 80mm; the thickness of the second dielectric substrate 2 is 1mm, the same material as the first dielectric substrate 1 is used, and its physical size is 80mm×86mm; The long side of the second dielectric substrate 2 is longer than that of the first dielectric substrate 1. In terms of the coordinate system in the figure, the end of the second dielectric substrate 2 along the positive x-axis is the same as the end of the first dielectric substrate 1 along the positive x-axis. align;

A drive unit 3 is printed on the center position of the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 1, and 28 periodically arranged parasitic pixel patches 4 are printed on the periphery of the drive unit 3. The specific structure is shown in FIG. 2;

The driving unit 3 includes a cross-shaped metal patch 31 and a rectangular patch 32 with a side length of w3=2.2 mm located at the four corner space positions of the cross-shaped metal patch 31. The center of the cross-shaped metal patch 31 , located on the center normal of the first dielectric substrate 1, the center of the rectangular patch 32 is located on the diagonal line of the cross-shaped metal patch 31, and the four rectangular patches 32 and the center of the cross-shaped metal patch 31 The distances are equal, the cross-shaped metal patch 31 and the four rectangular patches 32 form an “L”-shaped slot with four slots with a width of wr=0.8mm, and the side length is (2×w3+2×wr +l2)=17.8mm square patch, and four equivalent RF switches 33 for connecting the cross-shaped metal patch 31 and the rectangular patch 32 are loaded on the diagonal corners of the four "L"-shaped slots. In addition, Each rectangular patch 32 is connected to a first radio frequency choke inductor 34 with an inductance value of 100nH, and the polarization reconfigurable characteristic of the antenna is realized by controlling the connected and disconnected states of the four equivalent radio frequency switches 33;

The parasitic pixel patch 4 is obtained by deforming a square metal patch with a side length of 9.4mm. The deformation process is to set a rectangular protrusion with a size of 2mm×1mm at the midpoint of each side of the square metal patch. And the long side of the rectangular protrusion is connected to the square metal patch; the adjacent parasitic pixel patches 4 are connected through the ideal radio frequency switch 5, and the direction of the antenna is realized by controlling the connected and disconnected states of the ideal radio frequency switch 5. Figure reconfigurable characteristics; in the design process, in order to reduce the number of ideal RF switches 5 used and realize the circular polarization characteristics of the antenna under a larger deflection angle, the parasitic pixel patch array formed by the parasitic pixel patch 4 is used. At the four corners of , each of the parasitic pixel patches 4 is vacant to simulate corner cutting and generate perturbations. In addition, the center of the parasitic pixel patch array coincides with the center of the cross-shaped metal patch 31;

The equivalent RF switch 33 and the ideal RF switch 5 use any one of a micro-electromechanical system switch, a PIN diode switch and a field effect transistor switch, and a PIN diode switch is used here; wherein, the equivalent RF switch 33, Use the resistance value of 3.5Ω to simulate the on state of the switch, and use the parallel connection of the resistance value of 2.6kΩ and the capacitance value of 0.17pF to simulate the disconnection state of the switch; the ideal RF switch 5 is ideally equivalent to a metal sheet;

The upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 2 is printed with a metal microstrip line 6 with a size of 41mm×1.5mm, and the lower surface is printed with a metal floor 7 with a size of 86mm×80mm, and the first RF choke inductor 34 is located at the bottom. The specific structure of the second radio frequency choke inductance 8 at the projected position of the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate 2 is shown in FIG. 3 , wherein the inductance value of the second radio frequency choke inductance 8 is 100nH;

The first RF choke inductor 34 is connected to one end of the second RF choke inductor 8 on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate 2 through a metallized via hole, and the other end of the second RF choke inductor 8 is connected to the metal floor 7 , By setting the bias circuit on the floor side, the influence of the bias circuit on the radiation performance of the antenna is reduced;

The antenna is processed, and the coaxial head is welded.

The working principle of the present invention is as follows:

The present invention couples and feeds the drive unit 3 on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate through the metal microstrip line 6, and realizes the on-off state of the two pairs of equivalent radio frequency switches 33 loaded on the diagonal corners of the "L"-shaped slot. The polarization of the antenna can be reconfigured. Referring to the coordinate system in FIG. 2, when the equivalent RF switches 33 located in the first quadrant and the third quadrant are turned off, and the equivalent RF switches 33 located in the second and fourth quadrants are turned on, the antenna works in a left-handed circular pole. In the state of polarization; when the equivalent RF switches 33 located in the first quadrant and the third quadrant are turned on, and the equivalent RF switches 33 located in the second and fourth quadrants are turned off, the antenna works in a right-handed circular polarization state ; When the equivalent radio frequency switches 33 located in the first quadrant, the second quadrant, the third quadrant and the fourth quadrant are all disconnected, the antenna works under the state of linear polarization;

By controlling the on-off of the ideal radio frequency switch 5 connected between different parasitic pixel patches 4, the reconfiguration of the antenna pattern on the phi=0° plane is realized. When the antenna works in the left-handed circular polarization state, by controlling the on-off of the ideal RF switch 5, the radiation characteristics of the antenna are explored, and four switchable patterns are realized on the phi=0° plane. The topological structures of the upper surface of a dielectric substrate are shown in Figures 4(a), 4(b), 4(c) and 4(d) respectively; when the antenna works in the right-handed circular polarization state, by controlling the ideal RF switch 5, the radiation characteristics of the antenna were explored, and four switchable patterns were realized on the phi=0° plane. The corresponding topological structures of the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate are shown in Figure 5(a), As shown in 5(b), 5(c) and 5(d); when the antenna works in the online polarization state, the radiation characteristics of the antenna are explored by controlling the on-off of the ideal RF switch 5, and at phi=0° Three switchable directions are realized on the surface, and the corresponding topological structures of the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate are shown in Figures 6(a), 6(b), and 6(c), respectively.

The effect of the present invention can be further described in combination with the simulation results:

1. Simulation content

1.1 Use the commercial simulation software HFSS_15.0 to simulate the reflection coefficient, axial ratio and gain of the antenna working in three polarization states without deflection of the antenna pattern according to the embodiment of the present invention. The results are shown in Figure 7(a) ) and 7(b).

1.2 Use the commercial simulation software HFSS_15.0 to simulate and calculate the reflection coefficients and axial ratios corresponding to the four deflection angles when the embodiment of the present invention works in a left-handed circular polarization state. The results are shown in Figures 8(a) and 8(b). .

1.3 Use the commercial simulation software HFSS_15.0 to simulate and calculate the radiation pattern of the phi=0° plane when the embodiment of the present invention works under the left-handed circular polarization state, and the four deflection angles are at the frequency f=4.72GHz, and the results are shown in Figure 9 ( a), 9(b), 9(c) and 9(d).

1.4 Use the commercial simulation software HFSS_15.0 to simulate and calculate the reflection coefficients and axial ratios corresponding to the four deflection angles when the embodiment of the present invention works in the state of right-handed circular polarization. The results are shown in Figures 10(a) and 10(b). Show.

1.5 Use the commercial simulation software HFSS_15.0 to simulate and calculate the radiation pattern of the phi=0° plane when the embodiment of the present invention works in the state of right-handed circular polarization and the frequency f=4.72GHz with four deflection angles, and the results are shown in Figure 11 (a), 11(b), 11(c) and 11(d)

1.6 Use the commercial simulation software HFSS_15.0 to simulate and calculate the reflection coefficients corresponding to the three deflection angles under the linear polarization state of the embodiment of the present invention, and the results are shown in FIG. 12 .

1.7 Use the commercial simulation software HFSS_15.0 to simulate and calculate the radiation pattern of the phi=0° plane at the frequency f=4.72GHz for the three deflection angles under the linear polarization state of the embodiment of the present invention, and the result is shown in Figure 13(a) , 13(b) and 13(c).

2. Simulation results

Referring to Figure 7, at around 4.72 GHz, the reflection coefficients of the linear polarization state and the circular polarization state are both below -10dB, and around the operating frequency, there are three types of left-hand circular polarization, right-hand circular polarization and linear polarization. The lateral gains in the polarization state are about 7.02dBi, 7.05dBi and 6.32dBi, respectively. In addition, the axial ratio of the circularly polarized state is all lower than 3 dB around 4.72 GHz.

Referring to FIG. 8 , the reflection coefficients of the antennas under the four beam directions are all lower than -10 dB at the operating frequencies of 4.5 GHz to 4.85 GHz, and the common bandwidth is 350 MHz. In addition, it can also be seen from the figure that the axial ratios of the antennas operating at the frequency of 4.72 GHz are all lower than 3 dB with the four beams pointing downward.

Referring to Figure 9, when the deflection is 0°, the main polarization mode is left-handed circular polarization, the maximum gain is 7.02dBi, and the cross-polarization suppression ratio is 20dB; when the deflection is -21°, the main polarization mode remains unchanged, and the maximum gain is 6.95dBi, and the cross-polarization rejection ratio is 18.9dB; when the deflection is 23°, the main polarization mode remains unchanged. At this time, the maximum gain is 6.46dBi, and the cross-polarization rejection ratio is 18.4dB; when the deflection is 31° At this time, the main polarization mode is still left-handed circular polarization. At this time, the maximum gain is 6.14dBi, and the cross-polarization suppression ratio is 16.1dB. It can be seen from this that the consistency of polarization and frequency when the pattern can be reconfigured is guaranteed.

Referring to FIG. 10 , the reflection coefficients of the antennas under the four beam directions are all lower than -10 dB at the operating frequencies of 4.5 GHz to 4.85 GHz, and the common bandwidth is 350 MHz. In addition, it can also be seen from the figure that the axial ratios of the antennas operating at the frequency of 4.72 GHz are all lower than 3 dB with the four beams pointing downward.

11, under four deflection angles, the main polarization mode of the antenna is right-hand circular polarization, and when the deflection is 0°, the maximum gain of the main polarization is 7.05dBi, and the cross-polarization suppression ratio is 23.7dB; When the deflection is -16°, the maximum gain of the main polarization is 6.21dBi, and the cross-polarization rejection ratio is 21.2dB; when the deflection is 18°, the maximum gain of the main polarization is 7.47dBi, and the cross-polarization rejection ratio is 20.2dB; when When the deflection is 31°, at this time, the maximum gain of the main polarization is 6.17dBi, and the cross-polarization suppression ratio is 15.34dB. It can be seen from this that the consistency of polarization and frequency when the pattern can be reconfigured is guaranteed.

Referring to FIG. 12 , the reflection coefficients of the antennas under the three beam directions are all lower than -10 dB at the operating frequencies of 4.64 GHz to 4.74 GHz, and the common bandwidth is 100 MHz.

Referring to Figure 13, under the three deflection angles, the polarization modes of the antenna are all linear polarization, and when the deflection is 0°, the maximum gain of the main polarization is 6.32dBi, and the cross-polarization suppression ratio is 54.2dB; when the deflection - At 35°, the maximum gain of the main polarization is 8.4dBi, and the cross-polarization rejection ratio is 20.3dB; when the deflection is 35°, the maximum gain of the main polarization is 7.99dBi, and the cross-polarization rejection ratio is 14.1dB. It can be seen from this that the consistency of polarization and frequency when the pattern can be reconfigured is guaranteed.

The above is a specific embodiment of the present invention, and does not constitute any limitation to the present invention. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, after understanding the content and principle of the present invention, it is possible to do so without departing from the principle and structure of the present invention. Hereinafter, various corrections and changes in form and details are made, but these corrections and changes based on the idea of the present invention are still within the scope of the claims and protection of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A polarization and directional pattern composite reconfigurable antenna comprises a first dielectric substrate (1) and a second dielectric substrate (2) which are stacked up and down, and is characterized in that:

a driving unit (3) is printed at the central position of the upper surface of the first medium substrate (1), and a plurality of parasitic pixel patches (4) which are periodically arranged are printed at the periphery of the driving unit (3); the driving unit (3) comprises a cross-shaped metal patch (31) and rectangular patches (32) located at the spatial positions of four corners of the cross-shaped metal patch (31), the four rectangular patches (32) are respectively connected with the cross-shaped metal patch (31) through one or more equivalent radio frequency switches (33), each rectangular patch (32) is respectively connected with a first radio frequency choke inductor (34), and the polarization reconfigurable characteristic of the antenna is realized through the control of the connection and disconnection states of the equivalent radio frequency switches (33); the parasitic pixel patches (4) are of a rectangular structure, adjacent parasitic pixel patches (4) are connected through an ideal radio frequency switch (5), and the directional diagram reconfigurable characteristic of the antenna is realized by controlling the connection and disconnection states of the ideal radio frequency switch (5);

the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate (2) is printed with a metal microstrip line (6), and the lower surface is printed with a metal floor (7) and a second radio frequency choke inductor (8) which is positioned at the projection position of the first radio frequency choke inductor (34) on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate (2);

the first radio frequency choke inductor (34) is connected with one end of a second radio frequency choke inductor (8) on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate (2) through a metalized through hole, and the other end of the second radio frequency choke inductor (8) is connected with the metal floor (7).

2. A polarization and pattern composite reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the center of the cross-shaped metal patch (31) is located on the center normal of the first dielectric substrate (1).

3. A polarization and pattern composite reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the centers of the rectangular patches (32) are located on the diagonal of the cross-shaped metal patch (31), and the four rectangular patches (32) are equidistant from the center of the cross-shaped metal patch (31).

4. A polarization and pattern composite reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the plurality of parasitic pixel patches (4) arranged periodically form an array of parasitic pixel patches with one parasitic pixel patch (4) being absent at each of the four corners of the array, and the center of the array of parasitic pixel patches coincides with the center of the cross-shaped metal patch (31).

5. A polarization and pattern composite reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the parasitic pixel patch (4) is rectangular in shape, with a rectangular protrusion provided at the midpoint position of each side.

6. A polarization and pattern composite reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the equivalent radio frequency switch (33) and the ideal radio frequency switch (5) adopt any one of a micro electro mechanical system switch, a PIN type diode switch and a field effect transistor switch.

7. A polarization and pattern composite reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the first dielectric substrate (1) and the second dielectric substrate (2) are made of plates with a relative dielectric constant of 2.65.

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