CN114171910A - Broadband polarization and directional diagram mixed reconfigurable antenna - Google Patents
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- CN114171910A CN114171910A CN202111507203.6A CN202111507203A CN114171910A CN 114171910 A CN114171910 A CN 114171910A CN 202111507203 A CN202111507203 A CN 202111507203A CN 114171910 A CN114171910 A CN 114171910A
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
- H01Q15/242—Polarisation converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
- H01Q3/247—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching by switching different parts of a primary active element
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/32—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by mechanical means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
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Abstract
The invention provides a broadband polarization and directional pattern mixed reconfigurable antenna, which comprises a broadband polarization reconfigurable feed antenna and a directional pattern reconfigurable surface which are arranged oppositely; the broadband polarization reconfigurable feed antenna comprises a first high-frequency dielectric substrate, wherein one side of the first high-frequency dielectric substrate is provided with a radiation unit patch, a polarization reconfigurable patch and a high-frequency switch, and the other side of the first high-frequency dielectric substrate is provided with a metal back plate, a feed port, a blocking capacitor, a direct current port and a high-frequency choke coil; the directional diagram reconstruction surface comprises a second high-frequency medium substrate which is arranged in parallel with the first high-frequency medium substrate, the second high-frequency medium substrate can axially rotate relative to the first high-frequency medium substrate, a patch area is arranged on one side of the second high-frequency medium substrate, and a plurality of metal patches are periodically arranged in the patch area. The broadband dual-mode antenna has multiple functions of broadband work, polarization reconstruction, directional diagram reconstruction and the like, and the performance of the conventional antenna is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a reconfigurable antenna, in particular to a broadband polarization and directional diagram hybrid reconfigurable antenna.
Background
The development of modern radio technology has led to a wide variety of system applications, and antennas, as an important area of radio technology, have a crucial role for various radio systems. Especially for complex communication systems, high requirements are put on the polarization mode of electromagnetic wave propagation, the working frequency bandwidth and radiation directivity of the antenna, and this brings great challenges to the research of antenna technology. At present, in order to meet the complex system requirements, the antenna is being miniaturized, has a wide frequency band, and the like.
In recent years, with the introduction of reconfigurable antenna technology, polarization mode reconfiguration, radiation pattern reconfiguration, operating frequency reconfiguration, gain adjustment and the like of an antenna can be realized by changing the structure of a radiation unit of the antenna, adjusting a radiation phase, a current direction and the like, and the reconfigurable antenna has incomparable significant advantages for complex systems. At present, two main ways of realizing antenna reconfiguration are mechanical reconfiguration and electrical reconfiguration, wherein the mechanical reconfiguration is to realize the change of antenna performance by adjusting the geometric structure or spatial distribution of an antenna, so as to achieve the goal of meeting the system requirement. The electrical reconfiguration is to design a switching circuit in the antenna structure, and to control the switching circuit to change the radiation performance of the antenna. With the continuous progress of modern manufacturing process, the engineering application range of the reconfigurable antenna is further expanded.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a broadband polarization and directional pattern mixed reconfigurable antenna.
The invention provides a broadband polarization and directional pattern mixed reconfigurable antenna, which comprises a broadband polarization reconfigurable feed antenna and a directional pattern reconfigurable surface which are arranged oppositely, wherein the distance between the broadband polarization reconfigurable feed antenna and the directional pattern reconfigurable surface is adjustable;
the broadband polarization reconfigurable feed source antenna comprises a first high-frequency dielectric substrate, wherein a radiation unit patch, a polarization reconfigurable patch and a high-frequency switch are arranged on one side of the first high-frequency dielectric substrate, which is close to the directional diagram reconfigurable surface, a metal back plate, a feed port, a blocking capacitor, a direct current port and a high-frequency choke coil are arranged on one side of the first high-frequency dielectric substrate, which is far away from the directional diagram reconfigurable surface, the radiation unit patch is connected with the direct current port, the polarization reconfigurable patch and the metal back plate are connected with the high-frequency choke coil, the direct current port and the feed port are connected with the blocking capacitor, and the radiation unit patch is connected with the polarization reconfigurable patch through the high-frequency switch;
the directional diagram reconstruction surface comprises a second high-frequency medium substrate which is arranged in parallel with the first high-frequency medium substrate, the second high-frequency medium substrate can axially rotate relative to the first high-frequency medium substrate, a patch area is arranged on one side of the second high-frequency medium substrate, and a plurality of metal patches are periodically arranged in the patch area.
Preferably, the polarization reconstruction patches are provided with two polarization reconstruction patches arranged on two sides of the radiation unit patch, and the radiation unit patch is respectively connected with the two polarization reconstruction patches through two high-frequency switches.
Preferably, both high-frequency switches adopt PIN diodes, and the directions of the PIN diodes are opposite.
Preferably, the first high-frequency dielectric substrate is further provided with a plurality of bandwidth expansion patches arranged near the radiating element patch and the polarization reconstruction patch.
Preferably, the radiation unit patch is provided with a first metal hole, and the direct current port is connected with the first metal hole.
Preferably, the two polarization reconstruction patches are provided with second metal holes; two high-frequency chokes are arranged, and the two high-frequency chokes are respectively connected with the two second metal holes.
Preferably, the first high-frequency dielectric substrate and the second high-frequency dielectric substrate have the same shape and are circular or square.
Preferably, the number of the second high-frequency dielectric substrates is one or more.
Preferably, the shape of the radiating element patch is square, square ring, circular or circular ring.
Preferably, the shape of the patch region of the second high-frequency dielectric substrate is a semicircle or 1/4 circle; the shape of the metal patch is square, square ring, round or circular ring; the sizes of the metal patches in the patch area are the same or different.
The broadband polarization and directional pattern hybrid reconfigurable antenna provided by the invention mainly comprises a broadband polarization reconfigurable feed antenna and a directional pattern reconfigurable surface, can realize polarization reconfiguration of a feed source by controlling the voltage of a direct current port, and has the advantages of low profile, small volume, simple realization and easy integration. The distance between the directional diagram reconstruction surface and the broadband polarization reconfigurable feed antenna can be adjusted, so that a better wave beam control effect is realized; the two layers of second high-frequency dielectric substrates can rotate 360 degrees at the same time, and also can only rotate one second high-frequency dielectric substrate, and the surface phase is adjusted through the set rotation angle and the relative position, so that the antenna radiation beam control is realized, and the antenna directional diagram reconstruction is further realized. The direct-current voltage port and the high-frequency choke are arranged on the back of the feed source antenna, so that the interference on the radiation performance of the feed source antenna is avoided. According to the broadband polarization reconfigurable feed antenna, the two PIN diodes with opposite directions are arranged between the radiation patch and the polarization reconfigurable patch, the directions can be switched, and linear polarization, left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization of the antenna can be realized by controlling the voltage of a direct-current voltage source, so that the polarization reconfigurable antenna is formed; specifically, the method comprises the following steps: when the voltage of the direct-current voltage source is zero, the feed source antenna works in an online polarization state; when the voltage of the direct-current voltage source is negative conduction voltage, the feed source antenna works in a left-handed circular polarization state; when the voltage of the direct-current voltage source is positive conducting voltage, the feed source antenna works in a right-handed circular polarization state. The invention adds the bandwidth expansion patch near the radiation unit patch of the feed source antenna, and can realize the broadband work of the feed source antenna. The metal patch on the reconstruction surface of the directional diagram can be flexibly designed, namely the shape of the patch can adopt a square shape, a square ring shape, a circular shape or a circular ring shape and the like; the size of the patch can be the same or vary proportionally; the shape of the patch composition can adopt a semicircular shape or an 1/4 circular shape, and the like, and the reconstruction mode is flexible and changeable to meet more system requirements.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a broadband polarization and directional pattern hybrid reconfigurable antenna provided by the invention;
fig. 2 is a top view of a broadband polarization reconfigurable feed antenna in a broadband polarization and directional diagram hybrid reconfigurable antenna provided by the invention;
fig. 3 is a bottom view of a broadband polarization reconfigurable feed antenna in a broadband polarization and directional diagram hybrid reconfigurable antenna provided by the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second high-frequency dielectric substrate in a broadband polarization and directional diagram hybrid reconfigurable antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is another schematic structural diagram of a second high-frequency dielectric substrate in the broadband polarization and directional pattern hybrid reconfigurable antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is another schematic structural diagram of a second high-frequency dielectric substrate in the broadband polarization and directional pattern hybrid reconfigurable antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a reconstruction surface of a directional diagram in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of several combinations of patterns when the reconstruction surface of the directional diagram is a double-layer structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 shows return loss S of the broadband polarization and directional diagram hybrid reconfigurable antenna in the embodiment of the invention11CurveA drawing;
fig. 10 is an axial ratio graph of a broadband polarization and directional pattern hybrid reconfigurable antenna in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 11 is a radiation pattern of the broadband polarization and pattern hybrid reconfigurable antenna in the embodiment of the present invention under different rotation angles.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a broadband polarization and directional pattern hybrid reconfigurable antenna, which comprises a broadband polarization reconfigurable feed antenna and a directional pattern reconfigurable surface which are arranged oppositely, wherein the distance between the broadband polarization reconfigurable feed antenna and the directional pattern reconfigurable surface is adjustable; wherein:
as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the broadband polarization reconfigurable feed antenna includes a circular first high-frequency dielectric substrate 101, a radiating element patch 102, a polarization reconfigurable patch 103 and a high-frequency switch 104 are disposed on one side of the first high-frequency dielectric substrate 101 close to a directional diagram reconfigurable surface, and a metal back plate 105, a feed port 106, a blocking capacitor 107, a direct current port 108 and a high-frequency choke coil 109 are disposed on one side of the first high-frequency dielectric substrate 101 away from the directional diagram reconfigurable surface. The radiating element patch 102 is square, the radiating element patch 102 is connected with the direct current port 108, the polarization reconstruction patches 103 are provided with two polarization reconstruction patches 103, the two polarization reconstruction patches 103 are arranged on two sides of the radiating element patch 102, the radiating element patch 102 is respectively connected with the two polarization reconstruction patches 103 through two high-frequency switches 104, and the polarization reconstruction patches 103 and the metal back plate 105 are both connected with the high-frequency choke 109. The dc port 108 and the feed port 106 are both connected to a dc blocking capacitor 107.
As shown in fig. 4 and 7, the directional diagram reconstruction surface includes two layers of circular second high-frequency dielectric substrates 201, the second high-frequency dielectric substrates 201 are arranged in parallel with the first high-frequency dielectric substrate 101, the second high-frequency dielectric substrates 201 can make axial rotation movement relative to the first high-frequency dielectric substrate 101, a semicircular patch area is disposed on one side of the second high-frequency dielectric substrate 201 away from the first high-frequency dielectric substrate 101, a plurality of square metal patches 202 are periodically arranged in the patch area, and the metal patches have the same size. The surfaces of the metal patches in the two-layer structure are opposite, various rotation angle combinations can be formed by rotating the high-frequency dielectric substrate, referring to fig. 8(a) - (i), different antenna radiation pattern can be realized by each rotation combination, and in order to realize a better wave beam control effect, the distance between the pattern reconstruction surface and the broadband polarization reconfigurable feed source antenna can be adjusted.
In this embodiment, the two high frequency switches 104 both use PIN diodes, and the directions of the two PIN diodes are opposite and can be reversed. Connecting a direct current voltage source at the direct current port, and when the voltage of the voltage source is zero, both PIN diodes are not conducted, and the feed source antenna works in an online polarization state; when the voltage of the direct-current voltage source is positive conducting voltage, the feed source antenna works in a left-handed circular polarization state; when the voltage of the direct-current voltage source is negative conduction voltage, the feed source antenna works in a right-handed circular polarization state.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the first high-frequency dielectric substrate 101 is further provided with 6 identical bandwidth expansion patches 110 disposed near the radiating element patch 102 and the polarization reconstruction patch 103, the number of the bandwidth expansion patches 110 is not limited by the example, and the number of the bandwidth expansion patches 110 may be increased or decreased. And bandwidth expansion patches are arranged near the radiation unit patch and the polarization reconstruction patch, so that the working bandwidth of the feed source antenna can be expanded, and the gain of the feed source antenna is improved.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, a first metal hole 111 is disposed on the radiating element patch 102, and the dc port 108 is connected to the first metal hole 111. A second metal hole 112 is provided on both polarization reconstruction patches 103. Two high-frequency chokes 109 are provided, and the two high-frequency chokes 109 are connected to the two second metal holes 112, respectively.
Based on the idea of the invention, the broadband polarization and directional pattern mixed reconfigurable antenna is completed by utilizing the antenna design and manufacturing process. FIG. 9 shows return loss S of feed antenna in different DC voltage states11. Fig. 10 is an axial ratio of the antenna in different dc voltage states. FIG. 11 is a maximum of the reconstructed surface of the directional diagramAn antenna pattern of the radiation direction.
Design results show that the working bandwidth of the antenna can be obviously increased by increasing the bandwidth expansion patch; the polarization mode of the antenna can be effectively controlled by using the direct-current voltage, and linear polarization, left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization are realized; the maximum deflection angle of the antenna beam is increased by about 30 degrees by the directional pattern reconstruction surface, the maximum radiation direction of the antenna rotates along with the rotation of the directional pattern reconstruction surface, the beam scanning is carried out, and the control of the radiation direction of the antenna is realized.
The broadband dual-mode antenna has multiple functions of broadband work, polarization reconstruction, directional diagram reconstruction and the like, greatly improves the performance of the conventional antenna, and has a wide application prospect.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The broadband polarization and directional pattern hybrid reconfigurable antenna is characterized by comprising a broadband polarization reconfigurable feed antenna and a directional pattern reconfigurable surface which are arranged oppositely, wherein the distance between the broadband polarization reconfigurable feed antenna and the directional pattern reconfigurable surface is adjustable;
the broadband polarization reconfigurable feed antenna comprises a first high-frequency dielectric substrate (101), wherein a radiation unit patch (102), a polarization reconfigurable patch (103) and a high-frequency switch (104) are arranged on one side, close to a directional diagram reconfigurable surface, of the first high-frequency dielectric substrate (101), a metal back plate (105), a feed port (106), a blocking capacitor (107), a direct current port (108) and a high-frequency choke coil (109) are arranged on one side, far away from the directional diagram reconfigurable surface, of the first high-frequency dielectric substrate (101), the radiation unit patch (102) is connected with the direct current port (108), the polarization reconfigurable patch (103) and the metal back plate (105) are connected with the high-frequency choke coil (109), the direct current port (108) and the feed port (106) are connected with the blocking capacitor (107), and the radiation unit patch (102) and the polarization reconfigurable patch (103) are connected through the high-frequency switch (104);
the directional diagram reconstruction surface comprises a second high-frequency dielectric substrate (201) which is arranged in parallel with the first high-frequency dielectric substrate (101), the second high-frequency dielectric substrate (201) can axially rotate relative to the first high-frequency dielectric substrate (101), a patch area is arranged on one side of the second high-frequency dielectric substrate (201), and a plurality of metal patches (202) are periodically arranged in the patch area.
2. Broadband polarization, pattern hybrid reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that two polarization reconfigurable patches (103) are provided and two polarization reconfigurable patches (103) are provided on both sides of the radiating element patch (102), the radiating element patch (102) being connected to the two polarization reconfigurable patches (103) respectively by means of two high frequency switches (104).
3. The broadband polarization, pattern mixing reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that both high frequency switches (104) employ PIN diodes, and the two PIN diodes are in opposite directions.
4. The broadband polarization and directional pattern hybrid reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of bandwidth expansion patches (110) are further disposed on the first high-frequency dielectric substrate (101) and are disposed near the radiating element patch (102) and the polarization reconfiguration patch (103).
5. The broadband polarization and directional pattern hybrid reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that a first metal hole (111) is formed in the radiating element patch (102), and the direct current port (108) is connected with the first metal hole (111).
6. The broadband polarization, pattern mixing reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that a second metal hole (112) is provided on both polarization reconfigurable patches (103); two high-frequency chokes (109) are provided, and the two high-frequency chokes (109) are connected to the two second metal holes (112), respectively.
7. The broadband polarization and pattern mixing reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, wherein the first high-frequency dielectric substrate (101) and the second high-frequency dielectric substrate (201) have the same shape, and are circular or square.
8. The broadband polarization, pattern mixing reconfigurable antenna of claim 1, characterized in that the number of second high frequency dielectric substrates (201) is one or more layers.
9. The broadband polarization, pattern mixing reconfigurable antenna of claim 1, characterized in that the shape of the radiating element patch (102) is square, square ring, circular or circular ring.
10. The broadband polarization, pattern mixing reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the patch area of the second high frequency dielectric substrate (201) is in the shape of a semicircle or 1/4 circle; the shape of the metal patch (202) is square, square ring, round or circular ring; the plurality of metal patches (202) within the patch area are the same or different in size.
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| CN202111507203.6A CN114171910B (en) | 2021-12-10 | 2021-12-10 | Broadband polarization and directional diagram mixed reconfigurable antenna |
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