CN114263682A - 用于轴承单元的密封装置 - Google Patents
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- Sealing Using Fluids, Sealing Without Contact, And Removal Of Oil (AREA)
Abstract
一种用于轴承单元(30)的密封装置(50),该装置(50)具有固定部分,该固定部分设置有:‑第一金属屏蔽(10),‑共同模制在第一金属屏蔽(10)上的弹性体涂层(2),‑属于弹性体涂层(2)的径向内部的至少一个接触唇(9),并且密封装置(50)具有设置有第二金属屏蔽(1)的可旋转部分,接触唇(9)在该第二金属屏蔽(1)上滑动接触,并且第二金属屏蔽(1)设置有至少位于屏蔽的轴向暴露表面上的多个流动挡板(11、21、51、61),其成形为穿过轴向暴露表面实现并且沿着屏蔽(1)的径向外周边缘(1’)分布的凹部。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于轴承单元的密封装置以及配备有该密封装置的轴承单元。密封装置和轴承单元优选但不排他地应用于轮毂组件。
本解决方案可以应用于所有代的轮毂组件。特别地,这种应用包括轴承的外环可旋转而轴承的内环固定的情况,以及内环旋转而外环固定的相反情况。本发明也适用于任何类型的滚动体(滚珠、滚子、锥形滚子等)。
背景技术
根据现有技术的密封装置是两件式盒式密封件,包括例如安装在轴承单元的径向内环上的可旋转部分和例如安装在轴承单元的径向外环上的固定部分。
举例来说,固定部分包括通过干涉安装在径向外环上的金属屏蔽,并且弹性部分共同模制在金属屏蔽上。在可旋转的径向内环上,通过干涉安装第二金属屏蔽。
根据这种已知的技术,密封件的弹性材料制成的固定部分包括接触旋转部分的一个或多个唇,其确保密封件朝向轴承单元本身的内部。
密封装置也是已知的,其由单件构成,与轴承单元的其中一个环成一体,其中,由于密封件相对于另一个轴承单元环的一个表面安装时产生的干涉,至少一个接触唇保证了密封。
因此,密封装置的典型设计包括一个或多个称为唇的突起,这些突起具有不同的形状和不同的定向(通常是轴向和径向),与轴承单元的旋转表面接触:这样,密封装置防止污染物从外部进入,保护轴承单元的内部部件,即滚动体和滚动体的容纳保持架。密封装置的另一个重要功能是防止轴承单元内部可用的润滑剂泄漏。
在这些接触唇和轴承单元的相应旋转接触表面之间产生滑动摩擦力,并因此耗散能量。一般来说,密封能力随着接触唇的数量及其刚度增加。然而,与此同时,随着这些参数的增加,能量耗散的程度也增加。
此外,由于全球竞争日益激烈,客户或车辆制造商不断要求与轮毂相关的持续技术/经济改进。特别是,随着技术的发展,对低能量耗散部件的需求增加,同时与高端解决方案相比,保证相同的性能。
为了解决这个技术问题,一方面,理想的情况是无接触密封装置,仍能够防止污染物进入和润滑剂泄漏,而不耗散能量。另一方面,非接触式密封装置无法正常工作,尤其是在水下环境中。
还有其他已知的减少摩擦的方法—最简单的是与标准设计相比减少接触唇的数量,但这通常意味着减少密封单元的密封能力。
随着时间的推移,密封装置的制造商已经在密封装置的设计中减少了接触唇的数量,并且通过引入一个或多个迷宫来减轻密封能力的降低。迷宫的功能是使污染物难以到达密封装置的内腔和接触唇的边缘。然而,这些迷宫通常是轴对称的,并且对液体污染物具有非常小的动态作用,这仅仅是由于液体对密封装置材料的粘附力很小。
因此,有必要定义一种密封装置,其允许减少能量耗散而不损失密封能力,或者在必要时,增加密封能力而不增加摩擦扭矩,换句话说,不增加能量耗散。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明的目的是限定一种盒式密封装置,其设置有具有流体动力学特性的可旋转金属屏蔽。特别地,根据本发明,在金属屏蔽上实现了特定的流体动力学特性,包括至少位于屏蔽的轴向暴露表面上的多个流动挡板。这些流动挡板成形为穿过轴向暴露表面实现并且沿着屏蔽的径向外周边缘(优选地,均匀地)分布的凹部。流动挡板是通过金属部件的径向外周边缘的塑性变形获得的。
通过旋转屏蔽的旋转,位于密封装置的静态部分和旋转部分之间的小间隙附近的流动挡板像螺旋桨一样起作用,主要在轴向和/或径向方向上移开在操作期间试图通过相同间隙进入密封装置内腔的液体污染物。
该解决方案允许最小化接触唇的数量,并因此最小化由于摩擦引起的能量耗散,或者可替代地,通过保持接触唇的数量不变来提高装置的密封能力。
因此,根据本发明,提供了一种用于轴承单元的密封装置,其具有附于本说明书的独立权利要求中阐述的特征。
本发明还涉及一种轴承单元,尤其涉及一种用于轮毂组件的轴承单元,其设置有根据本发明任一实施例的密封装置。
根据所附从属权利要求中阐述的特征描述了本发明的进一步优选和/或特别有利的实施例。
附图说明
现在将参考示出实施方式的非限制性示例的附图来描述本发明,其中:
-图1是装备有轴承单元的轮毂组件的横截面图,
-图2是图1中的轮毂组件的细节,其中轴承单元的密封装置容纳在轴承单元的环之间,
-图3是根据本发明第一实施例的设置有多个轴向流动挡板的旋转屏蔽的三维视图,
-图4是根据本发明第二实施例的设置有多个径向流动挡板的旋转屏蔽的三维视图,
-图5是根据本发明第三实施例的设置有多个倾斜流动挡板的旋转屏蔽的三维视图,
-图6是如图5中的实施例的放大比例的第一细节,
-图7是如图5中的实施例的放大比例的第二细节,
-图8是根据本发明第四实施例的设置有多个倾斜流动挡板的旋转屏蔽的三维视图,
-图9是如图8中的实施例的放大比例的第一细节,以及
-图10是如图8中的实施例的放大比例的第二细节。
具体实施方式
通过非限制性示例,现在将参考轴承单元30优选地用于机动车辆的轮毂组件来描述本发明,轮毂组件设置有具有根据本发明的密封装置的轴承单元。
参考图1,轴承单元或轮毂组件作为整体用30表示。
该单元具有中心旋转轴线X,并且包括:
-可旋转的带凸缘径向内环20,
-固定的径向外环31,
-可旋转的另一径向内环34,其安装在带凸缘环20上并与之成一体;
-至少一排滚动体32、33,在该示例中为球体,其置于径向外环31和带凸缘径向内环20之间;
-两个保持架39和40,用于将成排滚动体32、33中的滚动体保持就位。
在整个说明书和权利要求书中,指示位置和定向的术语和表述比如“径向”和“轴向”被理解为指轴承单元30的中心旋转轴线X。另一方面,诸如“轴向外部”和“轴向内部”的表述是指轮毂组件的安装状态,在这种情况下,优选地,它们分别指轮侧和与轮侧相对的一侧。
带凸缘径向内环20和径向外环31在它们之间以及在轴承单元30的相对轴向端处限定两个间隙35、36,如果没有被屏蔽,这两个间隙将允许污染物和杂质进入轴承单元30本身。
因此,为了屏蔽轴承单元30,根据本发明的指示制造的至少一个密封装置50安装在两个腔35、36中的至少一个的内部。
通常,密封装置50包括彼此面对的两个金属屏蔽,其中至少一个设置有由弹性材料制成并与另一个屏蔽滑动接触的一个或多个密封唇。密封装置可替代地仅包括一个金属屏蔽,其设置有由弹性材料制成的一个或多个密封唇,其以滑动方式接触相对于密封装置相对运动的轴承单元30的滑动表面。
下面参考图2,将纯粹通过示例说明密封装置50的情况,密封装置50包括:设置有金属屏蔽1的旋转部分,金属屏蔽1例如通过干涉安装在带凸缘径向内环20上,以及固定部分,该固定部分又包括:
-第一金属屏蔽10,其例如通过干涉安装在径向外环31上,
-弹性涂层2,其共同模制在第一金属屏蔽10上,其展开相对于相同的第一金属屏蔽10基本在径向内部和轴向内部,以及
-径向内部的至少一个接触唇9(优选仅一个,如图2所示),其属于弹性涂层2,因此是固定的,这使得在第二金属屏蔽1上的滑动接触是可旋转的。该接触是由弹性元件8引起的,并且由摩擦引起的不可避免的能量耗散通过存在于室7中的润滑脂来减轻,室7形成在唇9和第二金属屏蔽1之间。
第二金属屏蔽包括圆柱形部分1a和环形部分1b,环形部分1b设置有径向外周边缘1’。
还参考图3,根据本发明的第一实施例,第二金属屏蔽1设置有多个流动挡板,其由径向外部的成形为“V”形的凹部构成,并且沿着轴向方向,沿着第二金属屏蔽1的径向外周边缘1’分布,并且通过第二金属屏蔽1的外周边缘1’的塑性变形获得,并且具有主要轴向效果。
事实上,在第二屏蔽1被旋转设定的操作条件下,由于该旋转,位于密封装置50的固定部分和旋转部分之间的小间隙12附近的多个“V”形凹部11产生螺旋效应。以这种方式,在操作过程中试图通过相同间隙12进入密封装置50的内腔的液体污染物基本在轴向方向上被去除。
根据应用,通过塑性变形获得的凹部11的尺寸已被优化,以便获得最大的推进剂效果。广泛的实验测试活动得出了以下结论:
-所述De是第二金属屏蔽1的外径,Di是屏蔽1在其上经受塑性变形的直径,凹部11的宽度L由简单公式获得:
L=(De-Di)/2
其中,直径Di大于唇9的工作区域的外极限,即直径Di大于唇9的远端处径向外部的直径DL。较小宽度会损害凹部11的推进剂效果,较大宽度会干扰密封唇,损害其有效性;
-“V”形凹部11的最大厚度s必须优选小于或等于第二金属屏蔽1的在其未经历塑性变形的部分中的厚度s1的两倍,以便不留下允许污染物通过的开口。较高厚度将产生允许污染物通过的狭缝,而较低厚度将损害凹部11的推进剂效果;
-最后,形成凹部11的“V”的角宽度必须优选在140°和170°之间。较高角宽度会损害凹部11的益处,而较低角宽度会使屏蔽1的塑性变形过程在技术上变得复杂。
参考图4,根据本发明的第二实施例,第二金属屏蔽1设置有多个流动挡板,其由径向外部的基本半圆形凹部21构成,并且在径向方向上,沿着第二金属屏蔽1的径向外周边缘1’分布,并且通过第二金属屏蔽1的外周边缘1’的塑性变形获得,并且具有主要径向效果。
事实上,在第二屏蔽1被旋转设定的操作条件下,由于该旋转,位于密封件50的固定部分和旋转部分之间的小间隙12附近的多个半圆形凹部21产生螺旋效果。这样,在操作过程中试图通过相同间隙12进入密封装置50内腔的液体污染物基本在轴向方向上被去除。
根据应用,通过塑性变形获得的凹部21的尺寸已被优化,以便获得最大的推进剂效果。广泛的实验测试活动得出了以下结论:
-所述De1是第二金属屏蔽1的外径,Di1是屏蔽1在其上经受塑性变形的直径,凹部21的宽度L1由简单公式获得:
L1=(De1-Di1)/2
其中,直径Di1大于唇9的工作区域的外极限,即直径Di大于唇9的远端处径向外部的直径DL。较小宽度会损害凹槽11的推进剂效果,较大宽度会干扰密封唇,损害其有效性;
-凹部21的深度p1必须优选地在第二金属屏蔽1的在其未经受塑性变形的部分中的厚度s1的30%和70%之间。凹部21的深度大于第二屏蔽1的厚度s1的70%会过度削弱第二金属屏蔽,而小于第二屏蔽1的厚度s1的30%的深度会损害凹部21的有益效果;
-最后,限定凹部21的半圆的直径d1必须优选地从简单公式d1=De1–Di1获得,其中,如已经提到的,De1是第二金属屏蔽1的外径,Di1是屏蔽1在其上经受塑性变形的直径,其大于在唇9的远端处的径向外径DL。直径d的较低值会损害凹部21的益处,而直径d1的较高值会过度削弱第二屏蔽1。换句话说,根据优选实施例,凹部11正好是半圆,因此使得半圆的直径d等于凹部的宽度L1的两倍。
参照图5-7,根据本发明的第三实施例,第二金属屏蔽1设置有多个倾斜流动挡板51。根据该实施例,第二金属屏蔽1具有径向外周边缘1’,其朝向轴向内部方向即朝向弹性体涂层2倾斜。多个流动挡板由基本半椭圆形倾斜凹部51构成,凹部51沿着第二金属屏蔽1的径向外周边缘1’分布并且通过第二金属屏蔽1的径向外周边缘1’的塑性变形获得,凹部51具有径向-轴向效果。
至于前面的实施例,当旋转位于密封件50的固定部分和旋转部分之间的小间隙12附近的多个半椭圆形倾斜凹部51时,产生螺旋效果。这样,在操作过程中试图通过相同间隙12进入密封装置50内腔的液体污染物基本在轴向方向上被去除。
根据应用,通过塑性变形获得的凹部51的尺寸已被优化,以便获得最大的推进剂效果。广泛的实验测试活动得出了以下结论:
-径向外周边缘的径向突起的长度m应小于或等于第二金属屏蔽1的环形部分1b的未变形部分1b’的一半长度l。换句话说:
m≤l/2
长度m的较大值将过度削弱第二屏蔽1;
-径向外周边缘的轴向突起的长度o应大于或等于第二金属屏蔽1的环形部分1b的厚度n。换句话说:
o≥n
长度o的较低值会损害凹部51的益处;
-径向外周边缘1相对于径向方向的倾斜角度p的值应大于5°。
参照图8-10,根据本发明的第四实施例,第二金属屏蔽1设置有多个倾斜流动挡板61。
根据该实施例,第二金属屏蔽1的环形部分1b具有径向外周边缘1’,其包括朝向轴向内部方向即朝向弹性体涂层2倾斜的第一部分1’a和朝向轴向外部方向倾斜的相对于第一部分1’a在径向外部的第二部分1’b。多个流动挡板由基本半圆柱形倾斜凹部61构成,凹部61沿着第二金属屏蔽1的径向外周边缘1’的第二部分1’b分布,并且通过塑性变形获得。凹部61具有径向-轴向效果。
至于前面的实施例,当旋转位于密封件50的固定部分和旋转部分之间的小间隙12附近的多个半圆柱形倾斜凹部61时,产生螺旋效果。这样,在操作过程中试图通过相同间隙12进入密封装置50内腔的液体污染物基本在轴向方向上被去除。
根据应用,通过塑性变形获得的凹部61的尺寸已被优化,以便获得最大的推进剂效果。广泛的实验测试活动得出了以下结论:
-径向外周边缘1’的径向突起的长度c(即第一部分1’a和第二部分1’b的径向突起的总和)应小于或等于第二金属屏蔽1的环形部分1b的一半长度d。换句话说:
c≤d/2
长度c的较大值将过度削弱第二屏蔽1;
-径向外周边缘1’的轴向突起的长度b应大于或等于第二金属屏蔽1的环形部分1b的厚度a的1.5倍。换句话说:
b≥1,5x a
长度b的较低值会损害凹部1的益处;
-径向外周边缘1’的第一部分1’a和第二部分1’b之间的角度e的值应在10°-170°的范围内。
最终,所提出的解决方案通过应用上述流体动力学特性(多个流动挡板)并减少接触唇的数量或者通过降低自身的压力例如通过使用施加较低闭合力的弹性元件或通过使用更合适的唇几何形状而无疑具有减少摩擦扭矩即能量耗散和保持密封能力的优点。可替代地,这种解决方案允许增加密封能力,并使用上述相同的流体动力学特性保持耗散能量不变,并保持接触唇的数量不变。此外,通过金属部件的变形获得的流动挡板允许通过不必向密封装置添加其他元件来降低成本。
除了本发明的实施例之外,如上所述,应当理解,存在许多其他变型。还应当理解,这些实施例仅是示例性的,既不限制本发明的范围,也不限制其应用,也不限制其可能的配置。相反,尽管以上描述允许本领域技术人员至少根据本发明的示例性实施例来实施本发明,但必须理解,所描述的部件的许多变型是可能的,从而不脱离如所附权利要求中定义的本发明的范围,所附权利要求从字面上和/或根据其法律等同物来解释。
Claims (18)
1.一种用于轴承单元(30)的密封装置(50),该装置(50)包括固定部分,该固定部分又包括:
-第一金属屏蔽(10),
-共同模制在第一金属屏蔽(10)上的弹性体涂层(2),
-属于弹性体涂层(2)的径向内部的至少一个接触唇(9),
所述密封装置(50)还包括设置有第二金属屏蔽(1)的可旋转部分,接触唇(9)在该第二金属屏蔽(1)上滑动接触,
所述密封装置(50)的特征在于,第二金属屏蔽(1)包括至少位于屏蔽的轴向暴露表面上的多个流动挡板(11、21、51、61),其成形为穿过轴向暴露表面实现并且沿着屏蔽(1)的径向外周边缘(1’)分布的凹部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的密封装置(50),其中,所述流动挡板(11、21、51、61)沿着所述屏蔽(1)的径向外周边缘(1’)均匀分布,并且通过所述屏蔽(1)的径向外周边缘(1’)的塑性变形获得。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的密封装置(50),其中,所述多个流动挡板(11)由沿轴向方向成形为“V”的凹部构成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的密封装置(50),其中,
-所述多个流动挡板(11)的宽度(L)由以下公式定义:
L=(De-Di)/2
其中,De是所述第二金属屏蔽(1)的外径,Di是所述第二金属屏蔽(1)在其上经受塑性变形的直径,并且
-直径(Di)大于所述接触唇(9)的径向外部且极端的直径(DL)。
5.根据权利要求3所述的密封装置(50),其中,所述多个流动挡板(11)的最大厚度(s)小于或等于所述第二金属屏蔽(1)的在其未经历塑性变形的部分中的厚度(s1)的两倍。
6.根据权利要求3所述的密封装置(50),其中,“V”形的所述多个流动挡板(11)的角宽度(α)在140°和170°之间。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的密封装置(50),其中,所述多个流动挡板(21)由沿径向方向呈半圆形的凹部构成。
8.根据权利要求7所述的密封装置(50),其中,
-所述多个流动挡板(21)的宽度(L1)由以下公式定义:
L1=(De1-Di1)/2
其中,De1是所述第二金属屏蔽(1)的外径,Di1是所述第二金属屏蔽(1)在其上经受塑性变形的直径,并且
-直径(Di1)大于所述接触唇(9)的径向外部且极端的直径(DL)。
9.根据权利要求7所述的密封装置(50),其中,所述多个流动挡板(21)的深度(s)在所述第二金属屏蔽(1)的在其未经历塑性变形的部分中的厚度(s1)的30%和70%之间。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的密封装置(50),其中,所述多个流动挡板(51)由沿着径向外周边缘(1’)分布的半椭圆形倾斜凹部构成,所述径向外周边缘(1’)根据轴向内部方向朝向所述弹性体涂层(2)倾斜。
11.根据权利要求10所述的密封装置(50),其中,所述径向外周边缘(1’)的径向突起的长度(m)由以下公式定义:
m≤l/2
其中,(l)是所述第二金属屏蔽(1)的环形部分(1b)的非变形部分(1b’)的长度。
12.根据权利要求10所述的密封装置(50),其中,所述径向外周边缘(1’)的轴向突起的长度(o)大于或等于所述第二金属屏蔽(1)的环形部分(1b)的厚度(n)。
13.根据权利要求10所述的密封装置(50),其中,所述径向外周边缘(1)相对于径向方向的倾斜角度(p)的值大于5°。
14.根据权利要求1或2所述的密封装置(50),其中,
-所述径向外周边缘(1’)由根据轴向内部方向朝向所述弹性体涂层(2)倾斜的第一部分(1’a)和根据轴向外部方向倾斜的相对于第一部分(1’a)在径向外部的第二部分(1’b)构成,并且
-所述多个流动挡板(61)由沿着所述第二金属屏蔽(1)的径向外周边缘(1’)的第二部分(1’b)分布的半圆柱形倾斜凹部(61)构成。
15.根据权利要求14所述的密封装置(50),其中,所述径向外周边缘(1’)的径向突起的长度(c)由以下公式定义:
c≤d/2
其中,(l)是所述第二金属屏蔽(1)的环形部分(1b)的非变形部分(1b’)的长度。
16.根据权利要求14所述的密封装置(50),其中,所述径向外周边缘(1’)的轴向突起的长度(b)由以下公式定义:
b≥1,5x a
其中,(a)是所述第二金属屏蔽(1)的环形部分(1b)的厚度。
17.根据权利要求14所述的密封装置(50),其中,所述径向外周边缘(1’)的第一部分(1’a)和第二部分(1’b)之间的角度(e)的值在10°-170°的范围内。
18.一种轴承单元(30),其设置有容纳在间隙(35、36)中的根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的密封装置(50),该轴承单元还包括:
-可旋转的带凸缘径向内环(20),
-固定的径向外环(31),
-可旋转的附加径向内环(34),其安装在带凸缘径向内环(20)上并与之成一体,
-多个滚动体(32、33),其介于径向外环(31)和径向内环(20、34)之间。
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IT102020000023131 | 2020-10-01 | ||
IT102020000023134A IT202000023134A1 (it) | 2020-10-01 | 2020-10-01 | Dispositivo di tenuta per unità cuscinetto |
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JPS4512494Y1 (zh) | 1965-03-24 | 1970-06-01 | ||
IT208052Z2 (it) * | 1986-07-08 | 1988-03-31 | Riv Officine Di Villar Perosa | Complesso di tenuta atto ad essere interposto fra due organi in moto relativo |
IT1208885B (it) * | 1987-05-08 | 1989-07-10 | Riv Officine Di Villar Perosa | Schermo di tenuta perfezionato in particolare per un cuscinetto volvente e sistema di rilevazione della velocita di un organo rotante facente uso di tale schermo |
DE10338956A1 (de) | 2003-08-25 | 2005-06-23 | Fag Kugelfischer Ag | Dichtungsanordnung |
JP2005098417A (ja) | 2003-09-25 | 2005-04-14 | Koyo Seiko Co Ltd | 軸受用密封装置 |
KR101222621B1 (ko) | 2004-12-20 | 2013-01-16 | 이글 고오교 가부시키가이샤 | 샤프트 실링장치 |
JP2010286023A (ja) | 2009-06-10 | 2010-12-24 | Nok Corp | 密封装置 |
JP2013044420A (ja) * | 2011-08-26 | 2013-03-04 | Ntn Corp | 車輪用軸受装置 |
ITTO20130980A1 (it) | 2013-11-29 | 2015-05-30 | Skf Ab | Complesso di tenuta a basso attrito, sistema di accoppiamento con un anello di cuscinetto ed unita¿ mozzo ruota equipaggiata con tale complesso di tenuta |
JP6748465B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-29 | 2020-09-02 | 内山工業株式会社 | 軸受密封装置 |
CN205918768U (zh) | 2016-06-27 | 2017-02-01 | 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 | 盒式密封结构及圆锥滚子轴承 |
KR20200023459A (ko) | 2017-07-07 | 2020-03-04 | 엔오케이 가부시키가이샤 | 밀봉장치 |
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