CN114256629B - Ka frequency band broadband reconfigurable reflection unit and array antenna - Google Patents
Ka frequency band broadband reconfigurable reflection unit and array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN114256629B CN114256629B CN202111367385.1A CN202111367385A CN114256629B CN 114256629 B CN114256629 B CN 114256629B CN 202111367385 A CN202111367385 A CN 202111367385A CN 114256629 B CN114256629 B CN 114256629B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
- H01Q15/148—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures with means for varying the reflecting properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
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Abstract
A broadband reconfigurable reflection unit and an array antenna belong to the technical field of millimeter wave array antennas. The broadband reconfigurable reflection unit comprises a dielectric substrate, wherein the front surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with four square metal patches with identical sizes, the four square metal patches are respectively connected by 4 PIN diodes, and the loading positions of the 4 PIN diodes are all the center positions of the edges of the square metal patches; the change of resonance points of the four metal patches is realized through the switch of the PIN diode, so that different reflection phase responses are generated. The back of the dielectric substrate is a grounding metal layer, and a rectangular annular groove is formed in the diagonal line of the grounding metal layer, so that the grounding metal layer is divided into grounding metal and metal connected with a direct current power supply. The broadband reconfigurable reflection array antenna has good broadband performance and the relative bandwidth is 25%; beam scanning of + -50DEG can be achieved in a two-dimensional space in the range of 31GHz-40 GHz.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of millimeter wave array antennas, and particularly relates to a broadband reconfigurable reflection unit for Ka wave bands and an array antenna, which have wide application value in the fields of satellite communication, millimeter wave radar, 5G communication networks and the like.
Background
The reconfigurable reflection array antenna is used as a novel high-gain beam scanning antenna, integrates a space feed and phase modulation technology, and realizes accurate control of the state of each reflection unit by switching and controlling the scanning mode compared with a common reflection array antenna; meanwhile, the pointing angle of the array antenna wave beam can be controlled at any time according to actual needs, and tracking and positioning of a target are achieved. Compared with the traditional phased array antenna, the antenna has the advantages of quick response, simple structure, low cost and the like, and can be widely applied to satellite communication and radars. However, the overall bandwidth performance of the reconfigurable reflective array antenna is limited due to the inherent aperture transit effect of the reflective array antenna. Meanwhile, the component unit of the reconfigurable reflection array antenna generally has only one resonance point in the range of the working frequency band, so that the broadband performance of the unit is restrained, and the whole broadband working performance of the reflection array antenna is poor.
Ka wave band is used as an important working frequency band of millimeter wave communication, frequency spectrum resources are rich, communication speed is high, but reports of realizing a broadband reconfigurable reflection array antenna in the Ka wave band are not yet seen at present. Cui Tiejun et al published 2021, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, a PIN diode based reconfigurable 1bit cell, but this cell can only operate stably at 27GHz-29GHz with a relative bandwidth of only 7%; meanwhile, only beam control on linearly polarized incident waves can be realized, the functions are single, the large use limitation exists, and the method is difficult to widely apply to broadband millimeter wave equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at overcoming the defects in the background art and provides a broadband reconfigurable reflection unit and an array antenna for Ka wave bands. The invention utilizes the turn-off characteristics of PIN diodes under different voltages to show different reflection phases, electromagnetic waves incident by a feed source are incident on an array formed by reconfigurable reflection units, and the change of the antenna reflection beam pattern is realized by controlling the phase state of each reflection unit; the reflection unit has the advantages of simple structure, convenient processing, large bandwidth, high adjustment speed, acceptance of incident waves of linear polarization or circular polarization and the like, and the reflection array antenna formed by the reflection unit meets the requirement of two-dimensional scanning at a certain angle, can basically cover the working frequency band of the whole Ka wave band, and has wide applicability and stability.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a broadband reconfigurable reflection unit, as shown in fig. 1-3, comprises a dielectric substrate 9, four metal patches and a grounding metal layer;
the four metal patches are arranged in a 2 multiplied by 2 array on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, namely a first metal patch 1, a second metal patch 2, a third metal patch 3 and a fourth metal patch 4; a first PIN diode 5 is arranged between the first metal patch and the second metal patch, the positive electrode of the first PIN diode 5 is connected with the second metal patch 2, and the negative electrode is connected with the first metal patch 1; a second PIN diode 6 is arranged between the first metal patch and the fourth metal patch, the anode of the second PIN diode 6 is connected with the fourth metal patch 4, and the cathode is connected with the first metal patch 1; a third PIN diode 7 is arranged between the third metal patch and the fourth metal patch, the anode of the third PIN diode 7 is connected with the fourth metal patch 4, and the cathode is connected with the third metal patch 3; a fourth PIN diode 8 is arranged between the third metal patch and the second metal patch, the anode of the fourth PIN diode 8 is connected with the second metal patch 2, and the cathode is connected with the third metal patch 3; the four metal patches are rotationally symmetrical about the center of the dielectric substrate;
the grounding metal layer is positioned on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 9, and a rectangular annular groove is formed in the diagonal line of the grounding metal layer, so that the grounding metal layer is divided into a grounding metal 10 and a metal 11 connected with a direct current power supply.
Further, the first PIN diode, the second PIN diode, the third PIN diode and the fourth PIN diode are all arranged at the center of the edge of the metal patch.
Further, one side of the first metal patch is parallel to one side of the dielectric substrate.
Further, the first metal patch, the second metal patch, the third metal patch and the fourth metal patch are square metal patches, the side length of each square metal patch is 1.2mm-1.4mm, and the interval between every two adjacent metal patches is 0.2mm-0.3mm.
Further, the dielectric substrate is a square substrate, and the side length of the dielectric substrate is 3.9mm-4.2mm.
Further, the length of the inner ring of the rectangular annular groove is 3.7mm-3.9mm, and the width is 0.4mm-0.6mm; the length of the outer ring is 4mm-4.2mm, and the width is 0.7mm-0.9mm.
Further, the grounding metal layer is symmetrical with respect to a diagonal axis of the dielectric substrate.
A broadband reconfigurable reflection array antenna comprises a feed source and a plurality of reflection units which are arranged in an array and are positioned right below the feed source; the feed is used to provide a spatial feed for the reflective antenna array.
Further, the feed source is a circularly polarized horn feed source or a linearly polarized horn feed source, and is arranged right above the reflecting unit array, as shown in fig. 6.
The invention provides a broadband reconfigurable reflecting unit, the front surface of a dielectric substrate is provided with four square metal patches with identical sizes, the four square metal patches are respectively connected by 4 PIN diodes, and the loading positions of the 4 PIN diodes are all the center positions of the edges of the square patches; the change of resonance points of the four metal patches is realized through the switch of the PIN diode, so that different reflection phase responses are generated. The back of the dielectric substrate is a grounding metal layer, a rectangular annular groove is formed in the diagonal line of the grounding metal layer, and the grounding metal layer is divided into a grounding metal 10 and a metal 11 connected with a direct current power supply; the invention arranges the grounding metal and the bias metal connected with the direct current power supply on the same layer, avoids the resonance problem caused by a plurality of layers of dielectric plates or a plurality of layers of metal plates, reduces the processing difficulty of the unit, and can better maintain the broadband performance of the reflecting unit and the array.
The invention provides a broadband reconfigurable reflection array antenna, which has the following working principle: the voltage is applied to the metal 11 connected with the direct current power supply, so that the control of 4 PIN diodes of the reflecting unit can be realized, and one of two different reflecting phase states can be obtained by the reflecting unit: the simultaneous conduction of the 4 PIN diodes is called a state one, and the conducted diodes can be equivalent to a resistance of 5.2 ohms; the simultaneous turn-off of 4 PIN diodes is referred to as state two, where the turned-off diode can be equivalent to 4000 ohm resistance and 18 x 10 -15 The capacitors of F are connected in parallel. The state switching of the reflecting unit is realized by controlling the switching states of the four PIN diodes; the beam direction of the reflective array antenna is controlled by switching the state of each reflective unit in the array antenna. The state switching process for each reflection unit in the reflection array antenna is as follows:
the electromagnetic waves emitted from the feed source are different in distance from each position on the reflecting unit array, so that the states of each reflecting unit are distributed in order to form the required reflecting direction of the incident electromagnetic waves after the incident electromagnetic waves pass through the reflecting array antenna, and the distribution is realized by adopting the following formula:
φ R ＝φ i +Δφ
φ R for reflecting the phase of electromagnetic wave i For the phase corresponding to the incident electromagnetic wave, delta phi is the phase difference required to be compensated by the reflecting unit, and the value of delta phi follows the following rule:
the reflective array antenna can distribute the state of each reflective unit in the array by adopting the method, and different state distribution modes can realize beam scanning aiming at different directions.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the broadband reconfigurable reflection unit provided by the invention has good broadband working characteristics, can realize low-loss reflection transmission in a Ka wave band (28 GHz-40GHz range), and has a relative bandwidth of 35%; the excitation polarization modes of the two feeds of linear polarization and circular polarization have stable performance, as shown in figure 4; the phase difference is relatively stable in the first state and the second state, and the difference is 180 degrees plus or minus 20 degrees, as shown in figure 5.
2. The broadband reconfigurable reflection unit provided by the invention can realize reflection transmission of electromagnetic waves in two modes of linear polarization and circular polarization feed source excitation polarization, can ensure good phase difference value in the bandwidth range under the excitation of the linear polarization feed source or the circular polarization feed source, and can keep the loss below 2dB in the two modes of polarization.
3. The broadband reconfigurable reflection unit provided by the invention has the advantages of simple overall design, compact structure and reduced processing cost.
4. The broadband reconfigurable reflection array antenna provided by the invention has good broadband performance, and the relative bandwidth is 25%; beam scanning of + -50DEG can be achieved in a two-dimensional space in the range of 31GHz-40 GHz.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a broadband reconfigurable reflection unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a broadband reconfigurable reflective unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a metal grounding and a metal connecting to a DC power source of a broadband reconfigurable reflection unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the reflection coefficient of a broadband reconfigurable reflection unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows the phase of states one and two of the broadband reconfigurable reflection unit according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a wideband reconfigurable reflection array antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a scanned beam pattern of a wideband reconfigurable reflective array antenna in the E-plane in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; wherein, (a) represents 31GHz of operating frequency, (b) represents 32GHz of operating frequency, (c) represents 34GHz of operating frequency, (d) represents 36GHz of operating frequency, (e) represents 38GHz of operating frequency, and (f) represents 40GHz of operating frequency.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is described below by taking a Ka-band broadband reconfigurable reflecting unit and an array antenna as an example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Examples
1-3, the Ka band broadband reconfigurable reflection unit comprises a dielectric substrate 9, four metal copper patches (1, 2,3, 4) positioned on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 9 and a grounding metal layer positioned on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 9; the four metal copper patches are identical in size and rotationally symmetrical about the center of the dielectric substrate; PIN diodes are arranged between two adjacent metal copper patches, and four PIN diodes (5, 6,7 and 8) are arranged in total; rectangular annular grooves are formed in the diagonal of the grounding metal layer, and the grounding metal layer is divided into grounding metal 10 and metal 11 connected with a direct-current power supply. Wherein, the four metal copper patches are square patches, the side length is 1.3mm, and the interval between adjacent patches is 0.3mm; the second metal copper patch 2 and the fourth metal copper patch 4 are connected with a metal 11 connected with a direct current power supply by using metal through holes, and the first metal copper patch 1 and the third metal copper patch 3 are connected with a grounding metal 10 by using metal through holes. By switching on the direct current power supply to the metal 11 connected with the direct current power supply, the conduction of all PIN diodes can be realized by applying the voltage required by the conduction of the PIN diodes, namely, the state one. The dielectric substrate is a square substrate, the size is 4mm, and on the front surface of the dielectric substrate, the metal patches 1 and 2, the metal patches 2 and 3, the metal patches 3 and 4 and the metal patches 1 and 4 are connected by PIN diodes, and the connection positions are the center positions of the edges of the patches. A rectangular annular groove is formed in the diagonal line of the grounding metal layer on the back surface of the dielectric substrate, the grounding metal layer is divided into a grounding metal 10 and a metal 11 connected with a direct current power supply, the rectangular annular groove is formed by an etching method, the length of the inner ring of the rectangular annular groove is 3.8mm, and the width of the inner ring of the rectangular annular groove is 0.5mm; the length of the outer ring is 4.1mm and the width is 0.8mm. The dielectric substrate was Rogers 4350B, and the relative permittivity was 3.66. The PIN diode adopts MA4AGFCP910 of MACOM company, and can stably work in the range of 0-40GHz frequency band.
The overall structure of the broadband reconfigurable reflection array antenna provided in the embodiment is shown in fig. 6, and includes a reflection array 13 and a horn feed source 12 located directly above the reflection array, where the reflection array 13 is formed by arranging m×n reflection unit arrays, and in this embodiment, m=n=33. The horn feed source adopts a rectangular horn and is arranged right above the reflecting array, the center of the reflecting array is taken as an origin, the coordinate position of the horn feed source is (0, 112.2 mm), and the caliber surface size is 13.7mm x 10.7mm.
The wideband reconfigurable reflective array antenna of the embodiment has a center operating frequency selected to be 35GHz. FIG. 7 is a diagram of a scanned beam in the E-plane of a wideband reconfigurable reflective array antenna according to an embodiment; wherein, (a) represents an E-plane directional diagram of the reflection array antenna at 0deg under the state that the working frequency is 31 GHz; (b) Representing an E-plane directional diagram of the reflection array antenna at 10deg under the state that the working frequency is 32 GHz; (c) Representing an E-plane directional diagram of the reflection array antenna at 20deg under the working frequency 34GHz state; (d) Representing an E-plane directional diagram of the reflection array antenna at 30deg under the state that the working frequency is 36 GHz; (e) Representing an E-plane directional diagram of the reflection array antenna at 40deg under the state that the working frequency is 38 GHz; (f) Representing the E-plane pattern of the reflective array antenna at 50deg at an operating frequency of 40GHz. By changing the voltage state loaded by each reflecting unit, different main beam directions are emitted. As can be seen from FIG. 7, the reflective array antenna of the embodiment can realize beam scanning in the range of 0-50 degrees. Similarly, the beam scanning function can be realized within the symmetry range of-50 degrees-0 degrees. Therefore, the broadband reconfigurable reflection array antenna can realize effective beam scanning in a broadband and has the capability of broadband operation.
The foregoing examples are provided for the purpose of illustration only, and other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The broadband reconfigurable reflection unit is characterized by comprising a dielectric substrate (9), four metal patches and a grounding metal layer;
the four metal patches are arranged in a 2 multiplied by 2 array on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and are respectively a first metal patch (1), a second metal patch (2), a third metal patch (3) and a fourth metal patch (4); a first PIN diode (5) is arranged between the first metal patch and the second metal patch, the positive electrode of the first PIN diode (5) is connected with the second metal patch (2), and the negative electrode is connected with the first metal patch (1); a second PIN diode (6) is arranged between the first metal patch and the fourth metal patch, the anode of the second PIN diode (6) is connected with the fourth metal patch (4), and the cathode is connected with the first metal patch (1); a third PIN diode (7) is arranged between the third metal patch and the fourth metal patch, the positive electrode of the third PIN diode (7) is connected with the fourth metal patch (4), and the negative electrode is connected with the third metal patch (3); a fourth PIN diode (8) is arranged between the third metal patch and the second metal patch, the anode of the fourth PIN diode (8) is connected with the second metal patch (2), and the cathode is connected with the third metal patch (3); the four metal patches are rotationally symmetrical about the center of the dielectric substrate;
the grounding metal layer is positioned on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate (9), a rectangular annular groove is formed in the diagonal line of the grounding metal layer, and the grounding metal layer is divided into grounding metal (10) and metal (11) connected with a direct current power supply; the grounding metal layer is symmetrical with respect to a diagonal axis of the dielectric substrate; the length of the inner ring of the rectangular annular groove is 3.7mm-3.9mm, and the width is 0.4mm-0.6mm; the length of the outer ring is 4mm-4.2mm, and the width is 0.7mm-0.9mm.
2. The broadband reconfigurable reflection unit of claim 1, wherein the first PIN diode, the second PIN diode, the third PIN diode, and the fourth PIN diode are all disposed at a center position of an edge of the metal patch.
3. The broadband reconfigurable reflection unit of claim 1, wherein the first, second, third and fourth metal patches are square metal patches, the side length is 1.2mm-1.4mm, and the interval between adjacent metal patches is 0.2mm-0.3mm.
4. The broadband reconfigurable reflective unit of claim 1, wherein the dielectric substrate is a square substrate with a side length of 3.9mm to 4.2mm.
5. A broadband reconfigurable reflection array antenna, comprising a reflection array and a feed source located directly above the reflection array, wherein the reflection array is obtained by arranging the reflection unit array according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. The broadband reconfigurable reflective array antenna of claim 5, wherein the feed is a circularly polarized horn feed or a linearly polarized horn feed.
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| CN116315711B (en) * | 2023-03-10 | 2024-04-19 | 重庆大学 | Broadband electronic control reconfigurable circularly polarized reflective super-surface unit and structure |
| CN116106263B (en) * | 2023-04-07 | 2023-06-16 | 成都甄识科技有限公司 | Super-surface local plasmon sensor with high sensitivity and high quality factor |
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| CN107342456B (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2020-07-03 | 西安电子科技大学昆山创新研究院 | Miniaturized broadband wave beam reconfigurable radar antenna |
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| CN108682971B (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2021-01-26 | 南京理工大学 | Ku/Ka waveband frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna |
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| CN113113774A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-07-13 | 西安电子科技大学 | Broadband beam scanning reflective array antenna |
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