CN114512807B - Angular momentum generating unit, generator and method - Google Patents
Angular momentum generating unit, generator and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114512807B CN114512807B CN202210407684.1A CN202210407684A CN114512807B CN 114512807 B CN114512807 B CN 114512807B CN 202210407684 A CN202210407684 A CN 202210407684A CN 114512807 B CN114512807 B CN 114512807B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- metal patch
- angular momentum
- metal
- generating unit
- patch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
- H01Q15/002—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices being reconfigurable or tunable, e.g. using switches or diodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
Landscapes
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an angular momentum generating unit, a generator and a method, comprising the following steps: a dielectric plate; the metal patches are arranged on the dielectric plate in a mirror image arrangement mode, and each position is provided with the metal patches; the metal patches are connected through the metal microstrip lines to form a connection state between each metal patch and other metal patches; the connection state or the non-connection state of every two metal patches is realized by controlling the directions of the plurality of metal microstrip lines, the phase difference of 180 degrees of every two metal patches is achieved, the independent regulation and control of the phases in the two polarization directions are realized, and therefore the wave beams of the orbital angular momentum electromagnetic waves in the orthogonal polarization directions are independently controlled. The angular momentum generating unit provided by the invention has a simple structure, so that the angular momentum generator has the functions of broadband and dual polarization, and both polarizations have the characteristic of high gain, thereby being applied to dual-channel communication and realizing high isolation between two channels.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to an angular momentum generating unit, a generator, and a method.
Background
Orbital angular momentum (vortex electromagnetic wave) a spatial distribution of electromagnetic waves (as shown in fig. 1), any two integer-order OAM beams have orthogonality, thereby realizing multimode multiplexing of OAM, which provides a new dimension for increasing channel capacity. The OAM is used as an independent channel, so that the communication capacity and the spectrum efficiency of the wireless communication system can be greatly improved. The potential application of the OAM beam is in systems such as link backhaul between base stations and near field communication, which is one of the potential technologies in communication in 6G.
A super-surface is a periodic structure of cells. As shown in fig. 2, for a reflective super-surface, orbital angular momentum is generated by arranging the phases of electromagnetic waves transmitted to the space by a horn antenna. As shown in fig. 3, the hyper-surface numbered 0, 1 generates orbital angular momentum of order 1, for example. And the dual-polarized orbit can further increase the channel capacity by one time, so that the design of the orbit angular momentum generator with the dual-polarized characteristic has great engineering value.
In the traditional super-surface structure, independent control of two polarization directions is difficult to achieve, and the Pancharatnam-berry (pb) super-surface unit is used as a super-surface unit capable of independently regulating left-hand and right-hand circular polarizations, performs opposite phase regulation on left-hand and right-hand electromagnetic waves through rotation of the unit, performs same phase regulation on the left-hand and right-hand electromagnetic waves through changing material properties and a geometric structure of the super-surface unit structure, and requires the unit to maintain stable 180-degree phase difference between phases in two orthogonal directions (defined as x and y herein) in a rectangular coordinate system. In order to realize independent control of the left-handed electromagnetic wave and the right-handed electromagnetic wave, the rotation angle of the unit and the material and the geometric structure of the unit need to be carefully designed, so that the unit design is complicated. Two typical super-surface units are shown in fig. 4.
Therefore, the prior art is in need of improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an angular momentum generating unit, a generator and a method, aiming at the defects of the prior art and solving the technical problem that the unit structure of the conventional dual-polarization angular momentum generator is complex.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides an angular momentum generating unit, comprising:
a dielectric plate;
the metal patches are arranged on the dielectric plate in a mirror image arrangement mode, and each position of the dielectric plate is provided with the metal patch;
the metal patches are connected through the metal microstrip lines to form a connection state between each metal patch and other metal patches;
the connection state or the non-connection state of every two metal patches is realized by controlling the directions of the metal microstrip lines, and the phase difference of 180 degrees between every two metal patches is achieved, so that the wave beams of the orbital angular momentum electromagnetic waves in the orthogonal polarization direction are independently controlled.
In one implementation, the plurality of metal patches at least includes: the metal patch comprises a first metal patch, a second metal patch, a third metal patch and a fourth metal patch;
the first metal patch is arranged in an upper left area on the dielectric plate, the second metal patch is arranged in an upper right area on the dielectric plate, the third metal patch is arranged in a lower left area on the dielectric plate, and the fourth metal patch is arranged in a lower right area on the dielectric plate.
In one implementation manner, the first metal patch, the second metal patch, the third metal patch, and the fourth metal patch are all arc-shaped closed structures.
In one implementation, the first metal patch, the second metal patch, the third metal patch, and the fourth metal patch are all polygonal closed structures with more than four sides.
In one implementation, the first metal patch, the second metal patch, the third metal patch, and the fourth metal patch are all provided with a portion subjected to circular arc treatment or a right-angle portion.
In one implementation, a distance between each two of the first metal patch, the second metal patch, the third metal patch, and the fourth metal patch is greater than or equal to 0.
In one implementation manner, when the metal microstrip line is connected to the metal patch, the number of the metal microstrip line is greater than or equal to 1; and the line width of the metal microstrip line is smaller than or equal to the radius of the metal patch.
In one implementation manner, the plurality of metal microstrip lines are all in any one of a square shape, a kidney shape, a trapezoid shape and a wedge shape.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides an angular momentum generator, comprising: a super-surface and a plurality of angular momentum generating units as described in the first aspect; the angular momentum generating units are arranged on the super surface in an array form.
In one implementation, the angular momentum generator further comprises: a first feed horn and a second feed horn for controlling the phase of the electromagnetic wave of the angular momentum generating unit;
the first feed horn and the second feed horn are respectively arranged in two orthogonal polarization directions of the angular momentum generator;
or the first feed horn and the second feed horn are arranged at the same position and replaced by a dual-polarized horn, so that multiple modes of multi-horn feed and single-horn feed are realized.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides an angular momentum generation method applied to the angular momentum generator according to the second aspect, the angular momentum generation method comprising:
acquiring phase data of an angular momentum generating unit in the x direction and the y direction;
controlling the angular momentum generating unit in the x direction through a first feed horn, and regulating and controlling the phase of the angular momentum generating unit in the x direction to a position corresponding to the x-direction phase data;
controlling the angular momentum generating unit in the y direction through a second feed horn, and regulating and controlling the phase of the angular momentum generating unit in the y direction to a position corresponding to the y-direction phase data;
and generating angular momentum in the x direction and the y direction of full duplex according to the adjusted phase of the angular momentum generating unit.
In one implementation, the adjusting and controlling the phase of the angular momentum generating unit in the x direction to a position corresponding to the x direction phase data includes:
the first feed horn controls the connection or disconnection of the metal microstrip line of the x-direction angular momentum generating unit and the metal patch;
regulating and controlling the phase of the angular momentum generating unit in the x direction to a position corresponding to the x-direction phase data according to the connection or disconnection state of the metal microstrip line and the metal patch; wherein, the position corresponding to the x-direction phase data comprises 0 or 1.
In one implementation, the adjusting and controlling the phase of the angular momentum generating unit in the y direction to a position corresponding to the y direction phase data includes:
the metal microstrip line of the y-direction angular momentum generating unit is controlled to be connected or disconnected with the metal patch through the second feed horn;
regulating and controlling the phase of the angular momentum generating unit in the y direction to a position corresponding to the x-direction phase data according to the connection or disconnection state of the metal microstrip line and the metal patch; wherein the position corresponding to the y-direction phase data comprises 0 or 1.
In one implementation, the angular momentum generating method further includes:
according to the distribution of the metal microstrip lines, four units 00, 01, 10 and 11 are generated, and independent phase control in the x direction and the y direction is formed according to the four units 00, 01, 10 and 11.
In one implementation, the forming independent phase control for the x-direction and the y-direction according to the four cells 00, 01, 10, and 11 includes:
rotating the 01 unit or the 10 unit according to the 180-degree phase difference between the x direction and the y direction provided by the 01 unit or the 10 unit, so as to realize phase regulation and control of circularly polarized incident waves;
or rotating the 01 unit, and regulating and controlling the left-handed/right-handed polarized wave to a position corresponding to the polarization direction phase data.
The invention adopts the technical scheme and has the following effects:
the invention adopts symmetrical structures in two orthogonal directions respectively, and two identical patches are connected or disconnected in the x and y directions through a microstrip line to form four states, thereby realizing independent regulation and control of '0' and '1' states in the x and y directions. "0" and "1" can generate a phase difference of 180 degrees, thereby realizing free design of various modes of orbital angular momentum and beam directions for encoding of phase. The angular momentum generating unit provided by the invention has a simple structure, so that the angular momentum generator has the functions of broadband and dual polarization, and both polarizations have the characteristic of high gain, thereby being applied to dual-channel communication, realizing high isolation between dual channels, and realizing flexible design of single horn and multi-horn feed. Through the difference of 180 in the x direction and the y direction of the '01' or '10' unit, the rotation of the '01' or '10' unit is utilized to realize the behavior control of circularly polarized electromagnetic waves, and therefore circularly polarized orbital angular momentum beams are generated.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a mode distribution of orbital angular momentum.
FIG. 2 is an assembly schematic of a reflective super-surface.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the distribution of super surface units.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a conventional PB super surface unit.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an angular momentum generation unit in one implementation of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an angular momentum generating unit in an implementation of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a diagram showing simulation results of an angular momentum generation unit in an implementation of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the phase distribution of an array of angular momentum generating units in one implementation of the invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic x-direction beam diagram of an angular momentum generator in one implementation of the invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic beam diagram of the y-direction of an angular momentum generator in one implementation of the invention.
FIG. 11 is a near field amplitude, phase diagram of the orbital angular momentum in the y-direction in one implementation of the invention.
Fig. 12 is a schematic view of a process test of an angular momentum generator in one implementation of the invention.
Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the test results of an angular momentum generator in one implementation of the invention.
Fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a doubly-fed angular momentum generator in one implementation of the invention.
Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the state of a circularly polarized angular momentum generating unit in one implementation of the invention.
Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of a state of a rotated circular polarization angular momentum generating unit in an implementation of the invention.
Fig. 17 is a flow chart of a method of angular momentum generation in one implementation of the invention.
In the figure:
1. a metal patch; 2. a metal microstrip line; 3. a dielectric plate.
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Exemplary devices
As shown in fig. 5 to 16, the present embodiment provides an angular momentum generator.
The angular momentum generator is a super-surface antenna with x and y orthogonal polarization directions which are independently controlled, a plurality of super-surface units are arranged on the super-surface of the super-surface antenna in an array mode, and the super-surface units are angular momentum generating units; the angular momentum generator provided by the embodiment has the characteristics of bandwidth and dual-polarization independent design, has the characteristic of high gain in two polarization directions (namely the x direction and the y direction), can be applied to dual-channel communication, and realizes the full-duplex working state; in addition, in each channel, different polarization and different OAM modes are adopted, so that high isolation between the two channels is realized, and the two channels are not interfered with each other.
As shown in fig. 5, in one implementation manner of this embodiment, the angular momentum generating unit on the angular momentum generator includes:
the antenna comprises a dielectric plate, a plurality of metal patches and a plurality of metal microstrip lines; the metal patches are arranged on the dielectric plate in a mirror image arrangement mode, and the metal patches are arranged in each direction of the dielectric plate; the metal patches are connected through the metal microstrip lines to form a connection state between each metal patch and other metal patches; when the angular momentum generator generates angular momentum, the directions of the metal microstrip lines are controlled in different modes, so that the connection state or the disconnection state of every two metal patches is realized, the phase difference of 180 degrees between every two metal patches is achieved, and the wave beams of the orbital angular momentum electromagnetic waves in the orthogonal polarization direction are independently controlled.
Because of orthogonality between modes of orbital angular momentum can increase channel capacity, while dual polarization can double communication capacity with polarization orthogonality. Therefore, the dual-polarization multi-mode orbital angular momentum adopted in the communication system has huge application potential in high-capacity communication. The angular momentum generator adopted by the embodiment can independently design the mode and the beam direction of the orbital angular momentum electromagnetic wave in two orthogonal polarization directions, so that different polarizations have good isolation, and the angular momentum generator has the characteristics of high gain and broadband, and can be applied to the design of MIMO and multifunctional super-surface antennas.
In this embodiment, a mode of orbital angular momentum in two orthogonal polarization directions and an orbital angular momentum generator with independently controllable beam directions are provided. The phase difference of 180 degrees is realized by setting the two patches into two states of connection and disconnection, thereby realizing a 1-bit unit. Because the phase amplitudes of the two polarization directions do not influence each other, the two orthogonal directions are respectively in a connected state and a non-connected state, so that four states of '00', '01', '10' and '11' are formed, the independent regulation and control of the wave beams of the orbital angular momentum electromagnetic waves in the two orthogonal polarization directions are realized, the modes of the orbital angular momentum in the two polarization directions are different, the polarizations are different, and the high isolation of different channels is realized.
In a specific arrangement manner, in this embodiment, symmetrical structures are respectively adopted in two orthogonal directions as shown in (a) in fig. 5, and two identical metal patches are connected or disconnected through one metal microstrip line in the x and y directions to obtain two states of connection and disconnection, so as to form four states as shown in (b) in fig. 5, thereby realizing independent regulation and control of "0" and "1" states in the x and y directions. The '0' and '1' can generate a phase difference of 180 degrees, so that the coding of the corresponding phase is realized, and the free design of various modes of orbital angular momentum and beam directions is realized.
In an implementation manner of this embodiment, the metal patches at least include: the metal patch comprises a first metal patch, a second metal patch, a third metal patch and a fourth metal patch; the first metal patch is arranged in an upper left area on the dielectric plate, the second metal patch is arranged in an upper right area on the dielectric plate, the third metal patch is arranged in a lower left area on the dielectric plate, and the fourth metal patch is arranged in a lower right area on the dielectric plate.
Further, the first metal patch, the second metal patch, the third metal patch and the fourth metal patch are all arc-shaped closed structures. In another implementation manner of this embodiment, the first metal patch, the second metal patch, the third metal patch, and the fourth metal patch are all polygonal closed structures with more than four sides. The first metal patch, the second metal patch, the third metal patch and the fourth metal patch are all provided with positions or right-angle positions which are processed by circular arcs. And the distance between every two of the first metal patch, the second metal patch, the third metal patch and the fourth metal patch is greater than or equal to 0.
In a specific arrangement mode, the integrated process of the PCB is adopted in the embodiment, so that the PCB is low in cost and good in stability; as shown in fig. 5 (a), in the unit structure, 1 and 2 are metal structures, 3 is a dielectric plate, and 1 is four metal patches arranged in each direction, which connect or disconnect two metal patches through a metal microstrip structure 2, thereby constituting a 0, 1 state, and constituting four states as shown in fig. 5 (b). The metal patches of the structure 1 are closed graphs formed by a plurality of edges larger than two edges or two arc edges, the arc treatment is carried out on corners, the distance between the patches in the x direction and the y direction is larger than equal 0 but cannot be 0 at the same time (dx is larger than 0, dy is larger than 0). In the operating state "10", for example, part of the patch is shown in fig. 5 (c). If only beams of a single polarization direction are considered, the "0" and "1" states can be formed with patches and microstrip structures of only one direction.
As shown in fig. 5 (a), the structure 2 in the figure is a patch-connected microstrip structure, and the structure is a polygonal shape with more than four sides, and part of the sides are replaced by circular arcs, and part of the example is shown in fig. 5 (d). The number of the microstrip structures in the x direction or the y direction is more than or equal to 1, and the line width w < = r. Taking the operating state "10" as an example, some examples are shown in fig. 5 (e).
In an implementation manner of this embodiment, when the metal microstrip line is connected to the metal patch, the number of the metal microstrip line is greater than or equal to 1; the line width of the metal microstrip line is smaller than or equal to the radius of the metal patch; the shapes of the metal microstrip lines are any one of square, kidney-shaped, trapezoid and wedge.
In a specific design example of this embodiment, a quarter-circle patch is used, as shown in fig. 6, a dielectric plate material is used as Rogers RO4003, the entire thickness of the frequency selective surface is 0.11 wavelength (center frequency), and the period of the cell is 0.52 wavelength.
The specific dimensions are (in mm): p = 7, w = 0.3, r = 2.1, h = 1.524, dx = 0.2, dy = 0.2. (0.1 x lambda < P lambda, w + r 2 < = P, w < = r, dx >0, dy >0 lambda are the wavelength of the central frequency), four states can be realized through different states in the x and y directions, and the reflection phases in the x and y polarization directions are independently controlled, so that the orbital angular momentum in different directions is independently regulated and controlled.
The specific design details of this example:
when designing the angular momentum generating unit, as shown in fig. 6 (a), four quarter circular patches are used in the unit, and independent phase control of 0 and 180 in the x and y directions can be achieved through different connection states of the microstrip structure, where dx = 0 represents that two patches in the x direction are not connected, the corresponding phase is 0 degree, dx = 1 represents that two patches in the x direction are connected, and the corresponding phase is 180 degrees. The corresponding y-direction patch is processed similarly, so that the phase independent regulation and control in the x direction and the y direction can be realized. Its different operating states are shown in fig. 6 (b).
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, when the polarization direction of the incident wave is x, the reflection amplitudes are all greater than-0.2 dB in the range of 14 to 18GHz, and the reflection phases are in the range of 16 to 28G. The "0" and "1" states in the x and y directions are 180 ° ± 30 ° out of phase, providing a relatively stable phase difference (as shown in fig. 7 (b)). Therefore, the coding characteristics of 0 and 1 can be achieved in a wide band range. From the results shown in fig. 7 (c), it can be seen that when x-polarized is incident, its reflection coefficient to the y-direction is less than-50 dB, demonstrating good isolation in both polarization directions. Due to the symmetry of the structure, here the incident waves of the y-polarization and the x-polarization have the same properties.
Further, when designing a dual linear polarization array, broadband and high-gain orbital angular momentum can be generated in two polarization directions by using the above-described angular momentum generating unit, wherein the phase distribution of the generated orbital angular momentum is expressed by the following formula:
where lambda is 0 At the wavelength of the operating frequency, x and y being super-surface-unitsThe position of the element center, F is the distance from the phase center of the feed source to the array surface.
In designing a dual linear polarization array, the number of arrays provided on the angular momentum generator is 30 × 30, and 900 elements are total, the x-direction beam has 0-order orbital angular momentum in a direction deviating from z-10 ° and corresponds to the "0" order code phase distribution of the wavefront, as shown in fig. 8 (a), and the y-direction beam has 1-order orbital angular momentum and corresponds to the "0" order code phase distribution, as shown in fig. 8 (b). Which simultaneously satisfies the phase distribution of the orbital angular momentum beams in two orthogonal directions as shown in (c) of fig. 8.
According to the phase distribution of fig. 4, beams at 16.5GHz,22.5GHz, and 27.5GHz in the x and y directions are shown in fig. 9 and 10, respectively. The near field distribution of the angular momentum of the tracks in the y-direction is shown in fig. 11. The designed super surface array processing design is shown in fig. 12, and the test results are shown in fig. 13. The test result shows that the cross polarization isolation is more than 20dB, and the two channels have good isolation.
Further, as shown in fig. 14, when the control device of the angular momentum generating unit is provided, a structure of a dual-horn feed source array may be adopted, that is, a first feed horn and a second feed horn are adopted to control the states of the angular momentum generating unit in the x direction and the y direction, respectively; the phase of the electromagnetic waves polarized in x and y is regulated and controlled independently through the super-surface unit, so that two horns can be adopted for feeding in x and y directions respectively, and orbital angular momentum beams in two directions are realized; when the first feed horn and the second feed horn are arranged, the first feed horn and the second feed horn may be respectively arranged in two orthogonal polarization directions of the angular momentum generator; or, the first feed horn and the second feed horn are arranged at the same position (namely, at the same position in the same direction), and a dual-polarized horn is used for replacement, so that multiple modes of multi-horn feed and single-horn feed can be realized.
In one implementation of this embodiment, a circularly polarized array may be used; for the "01" and "10 states" as shown in fig. 15, the reflection phases in the x direction and the y direction have a phase difference of 180 degrees, and thus it is possible to form a simple PB element, thereby generating a circularly polarized beam. The "01" and "10" states can achieve a phase difference of 180 degrees for circular polarization, and thus achieve circular polarization orbital angular momentum by the phase distribution of fig. 3.
In another implementation manner of this embodiment, for the "01" unit, it is possible to shift the reflection phase of the incident wave of the circularly polarized wave by the center rotation of the unit, so that with the phase distribution, the circularly polarized orbital angular momentum as shown in fig. 16 can be generated.
The working principle of the angular momentum generator in the embodiment is as follows:
the states of the angular momentum generating units in the x direction and the y direction are controlled through the first feed horn and the second feed horn respectively, so that two adjacent metal patches in each angular momentum generating unit form a connected or disconnected state, a phase difference of 180 degrees is realized, and a 1-bit unit is realized. Because the phase amplitudes of the two polarization directions do not influence each other, the two orthogonal directions are respectively in a connected state and a non-connected state, so that four states of '00', '01', '10' and '11' are formed, the independent regulation and control of the wave beams of the orbital angular momentum electromagnetic waves in the two orthogonal polarization directions are realized, and because the modes of the orbital angular momentum in the two polarization directions are different and the polarizations are different, the high isolation of different channels is realized.
The embodiment adopting the technical scheme has the following effects:
in the embodiment, symmetrical structures are respectively adopted in two orthogonal directions, and two identical patches are connected and disconnected through a microstrip line in the x direction and the y direction to form four states, so that the independent regulation and control of the states of '0' and '1' in the x direction and the y direction are realized. "0" and "1" can generate a phase difference of 180 degrees, thereby realizing free design of various modes of orbital angular momentum and beam directions for encoding of phase. The angular momentum generating unit provided by the invention has a simple structure, so that the angular momentum generator has the functions of broadband and dual polarization, and both polarizations have the characteristic of high gain, thereby being applied to dual-channel communication and realizing high isolation between two channels.
Exemplary method
As shown in fig. 17, based on the above-described embodiment, the present embodiment provides an angular momentum generating method applied to the angular momentum generator of the above-described embodiment.
As shown in fig. 17, in one implementation of the present embodiment, the angular momentum generating method includes the steps of:
step S100, acquiring phase data of angular momentum generating units in the x direction and the y direction;
step S200, controlling the angular momentum generating unit in the x direction through a first feed horn, and regulating and controlling the phase of the angular momentum generating unit in the x direction to a position corresponding to the x-direction phase data;
step S300, controlling the angular momentum generating unit in the y direction through a second feed horn, and regulating and controlling the phase of the angular momentum generating unit in the y direction to a position corresponding to the y-direction phase data;
and step S400, generating angular momentum in the x direction and the y direction of full duplex according to the adjusted phase of the angular momentum generating unit.
In this embodiment, a mode of orbital angular momentum in two orthogonal polarization directions and an orbital angular momentum generator with independently controllable beam directions are provided. The phase difference of 180 degrees is realized by setting the two patches into two states of connection and disconnection, thereby realizing a 1-bit unit. Because the phase amplitudes of the two polarization directions do not influence each other, the two orthogonal directions are respectively in a connected state and a non-connected state, so that four states of '00', '01', '10' and '11' are formed, the independent regulation and control of the wave beams of the orbital angular momentum electromagnetic waves in the two orthogonal polarization directions are realized, the modes of the orbital angular momentum in the two polarization directions are different, the polarizations are different, and the high isolation of different channels is realized.
In a specific arrangement manner, in this embodiment, symmetrical structures are respectively adopted in two orthogonal directions as shown in (a) in fig. 5, and two identical metal patches are connected or disconnected through one metal microstrip line in the x and y directions to obtain two states of connection and disconnection, so as to form four states as shown in (b) in fig. 5, thereby realizing independent regulation and control of "0" and "1" states in the x and y directions. The '0' and '1' can generate a phase difference of 180 degrees, so that the coding of the corresponding phase is realized, and the free design of various modes of orbital angular momentum and beam directions is realized.
In one implementation, step S100 specifically includes:
step S101, controlling the connection or disconnection of the metal microstrip line of the x-direction angular momentum generating unit and the metal patch through the first feed horn;
step S102, according to the connection or disconnection state of the metal microstrip line and the metal patch, regulating and controlling the phase of the angular momentum generating unit in the x direction to a position corresponding to the x direction phase data; wherein, the position corresponding to the x-direction phase data comprises 0 or 1.
In one implementation, step S200 specifically includes:
step S201, controlling the connection or disconnection between the metal microstrip line of the angular momentum generating unit in the y direction and the metal patch through the second feed horn;
step S202, according to the connection or disconnection state of the metal microstrip line and the metal patch, adjusting and controlling the phase of the angular momentum generating unit in the y direction to a position corresponding to the phase data in the x direction; wherein the position corresponding to the y-direction phase data comprises 0 or 1.
Specifically, the states of the angular momentum generating units in the x direction and the y direction are controlled by the first feed horn and the second feed horn respectively, so that two adjacent metal patches in each angular momentum generating unit form a connected or disconnected state, a phase difference of 180 degrees is realized, and a 1-bit unit is realized. In the x direction, the first feed horn controls the connection or disconnection of the metal microstrip line of the angular momentum generating unit in the x direction and the metal patch, and the phase of the angular momentum generating unit in the x direction can be regulated to a position corresponding to the phase data in the x direction according to the connection or disconnection state of the metal microstrip line and the metal patch, so that the regulation in the x direction is completed; in the y direction, the metal microstrip line of the angular momentum generating unit in the y direction is controlled to be connected or disconnected with the metal patch through the second feed horn, and the phase of the angular momentum generating unit in the y direction can be regulated to a position corresponding to the x-direction phase data according to the connection or disconnection state of the metal microstrip line and the metal patch, so that the regulation in the y direction is completed.
Through the independent regulation and control action in the x direction and the y direction, two identical metal patches are connected or disconnected through one metal microstrip line in the x direction and the y direction to obtain two states of connection and disconnection, and four states of '00', '01', '10' and '11' shown in (b) in fig. 5 are formed, so that the independent regulation and control of '0' state and '1' state in the x direction and the y direction are realized. The '0' and '1' can generate a phase difference of 180 degrees, so that the coding of the corresponding phase is realized, and the free design of various modes of orbital angular momentum and beam directions is realized.
Because the phase amplitudes of the two polarization directions do not influence each other, the two orthogonal directions are respectively in a connected state and a non-connected state, so that four states of '00', '01', '10' and '11' are formed, the independent regulation and control of the wave beams of the orbital angular momentum electromagnetic waves in the two orthogonal polarization directions are realized, and because the modes of the orbital angular momentum in the two polarization directions are different and the polarizations are different, the high isolation of different channels is realized.
In another implementation manner of this embodiment, the angular momentum generating method further includes the following steps:
and S500, generating four units 00, 01, 10 and 11 according to the distribution of the metal microstrip lines, and forming independent phase control on the x direction and the y direction according to the four units 00, 01, 10 and 11.
Specifically, in the process of generating angular momentum, the generated angular momentum can be adaptively changed according to needs, that is, independent phase control in the x direction and the y direction is performed according to actual needs, so as to realize phase control on circularly polarized incident waves.
In one implementation, step S500 specifically includes:
step S501, according to the 180-degree phase difference between the x direction and the y direction provided by the 01 unit or the 10 unit, the 01 unit or the 10 unit is rotated, and phase regulation and control of circularly polarized incident waves are achieved.
Or comprises the following steps:
step S502, the 01 unit is rotated, and the left-hand/right-hand polarized waves are regulated to the position corresponding to the polarization direction phase data.
In step S501, a phase of the angular momentum generator using the circular polarization array may be adjusted; for the "01" and "10 states" as shown in fig. 15, the reflection phases in the x direction and the y direction have a phase difference of 180 degrees, and thus it is possible to form a simple PB element, thereby generating a circularly polarized beam. The "01" and "10" states can achieve a phase difference of 180 degrees for circular polarization, and thus achieve circular polarization orbital angular momentum by the phase distribution of fig. 3.
In the step S502, the phase of the angular momentum generator using the left-handed/right-handed array may be adjusted and controlled; for the "01" element, it is possible to realize the shift of the reflection phase of the incident wave of the circularly polarized wave by the center rotation of the element, so that the circularly polarized orbital angular momentum shown in fig. 16 can be generated by the phase distribution.
The embodiment adopting the technical scheme has the following effects:
in the embodiment, symmetrical structures are respectively adopted in two orthogonal directions, and two identical patches are connected and disconnected through a microstrip line in the x direction and the y direction to form four states, so that the independent regulation and control of the states of '0' and '1' in the x direction and the y direction are realized. "0" and "1" can generate a phase difference of 180 degrees, thereby realizing free design of various modes of orbital angular momentum and beam directions for encoding of phase. The angular momentum generating unit provided by the invention has a simple structure, so that the angular momentum generator has the functions of broadband and dual polarization, and both polarizations have the characteristic of high gain, thereby being applied to dual-channel communication, realizing high isolation between dual channels, and realizing flexible design of single horn and multi-horn feed. Through the difference of 180 in the x direction and the y direction of the '01' or '10' unit, the rotation of the '01' or '10' unit is utilized to realize the behavior control of circularly polarized electromagnetic waves, and therefore circularly polarized orbital angular momentum beams are generated.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes of the methods of the above embodiments may be implemented by hardware related to instructions of a computer program, which may be stored in a non-volatile storage medium, and when executed, may include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. Any reference to memory, storage, databases, or other media used in embodiments provided herein may include non-volatile and/or volatile memory.
In summary, the present invention provides an angular momentum generating unit, a generator and a method, wherein the angular momentum generating unit includes: a dielectric plate; the metal patches are arranged on the dielectric plate in a mirror image arrangement mode, and each position of the dielectric plate is provided with the metal patch; the metal patches are connected through the metal microstrip lines to form a connection state between each metal patch and other metal patches; the connection state or the non-connection state of every two metal patches is realized by controlling the directions of the plurality of metal microstrip lines, and the phase difference of 180 degrees between every two metal patches is achieved so as to independently control the wave beams of the orbital angular momentum electromagnetic waves in the orthogonal polarization direction. The angular momentum generating unit provided by the invention has a simple structure, so that the angular momentum generator has the functions of broadband and dual polarization, and both polarizations have the characteristic of high gain, thereby being applied to dual-channel communication and realizing high isolation between two channels. The flexible design of single-horn and multi-horn feed can be realized. Through the difference of 180 in the x direction and the y direction of the '01' or '10' unit, the rotation of the '01' or '10' unit is utilized to realize the behavior control of circularly polarized electromagnetic waves, and therefore circularly polarized orbital angular momentum beams are generated.
It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the examples described above, but that modifications and variations may be effected thereto by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the foregoing description, and that all such modifications and variations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. An angular momentum generating unit, characterized in that the angular momentum generating unit comprises:
a dielectric plate;
the metal patches are arranged on the dielectric plate;
in a plurality of the metal patches, including: the metal patch comprises a first metal patch, a second metal patch, a third metal patch and a fourth metal patch;
the first metal patch is arranged in the upper left area on the dielectric plate, the second metal patch is arranged in the upper right area on the dielectric plate, the third metal patch is arranged in the lower left area on the dielectric plate, and the fourth metal patch is arranged in the lower right area on the dielectric plate;
the first metal patch is connected with the second metal patch, the third metal patch is connected with the fourth metal patch, the first metal patch is not connected with the third metal patch, and the second metal patch is not connected with the fourth metal patch, so that the 01 state of the angular momentum generating unit is obtained;
or, the first metal patch is connected to the third metal patch, the second metal patch is connected to the fourth metal patch, the first metal patch is not connected to the second metal patch, and the third metal patch is not connected to the fourth metal patch, so as to obtain the 10 states of the angular momentum generating unit;
or, in the first metal patch, the second metal patch, the third metal patch and the fourth metal patch, a non-connection state is formed between every two metal patches so as to obtain a 00 state of the angular momentum generating unit;
or, the first metal patch is connected to the second metal patch, the third metal patch is connected to the fourth metal patch, the first metal patch is connected to the third metal patch, and the second metal patch is connected to the fourth metal patch, so as to obtain the 11 states of the angular momentum generating unit; when the two metal patches are connected, the two metal patches are connected through the metal microstrip line;
when the angular momentum generating unit is in a 00 or 01 state, the electromagnetic wave in the x direction passes through the angular momentum generating unit, the phase is shifted by 0 degree, and the position corresponding to the x-direction phase data is 0;
when the angular momentum generating unit is in a 10 or 11 state, electromagnetic waves in the x direction pass through the angular momentum generating unit, the phase shifts by 180 degrees, and the position corresponding to the x-direction phase data is 1;
when the angular momentum generating unit is in a 00 or 10 state, electromagnetic waves in the y direction pass through the angular momentum generating unit, the phase shifts by 0 degree, and the position corresponding to the y-direction phase data is 0;
when the angular momentum generating unit is in a 01 or 11 state, the electromagnetic wave in the y direction passes through the angular momentum generating unit, the phase is shifted by 180 degrees, and the position corresponding to the y-direction phase data is 1.
2. The angular momentum generating unit according to claim 1, wherein the first metal patch, the second metal patch, the third metal patch, and the fourth metal patch are all arc-shaped closed structures.
3. The angular momentum generating unit according to claim 1, wherein the first metal patch, the second metal patch, the third metal patch, and the fourth metal patch are all polygonal closed structures having more than four sides.
4. The angular momentum generating unit according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the first metal patch, the second metal patch, the third metal patch, and the fourth metal patch are each provided with a portion subjected to circular arc processing or a right-angled portion.
5. The angular momentum generating unit according to claim 1, wherein when the metal microstrip line is connected to the metal patch, the number of the metal microstrip line is greater than or equal to 1; and the line width of the metal microstrip line is smaller than or equal to the radius of the metal patch.
6. The angular momentum generating unit according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of metal microstrip lines each have any one of a square shape, a kidney shape, a trapezoid shape, and a wedge shape.
7. An angular momentum generator, characterized in that it comprises: a super surface and a plurality of angular momentum generating units according to any one of claims 1 to 6; the angular momentum generating units are arranged on the super surface in an array form.
8. The angular momentum generator according to claim 7, further comprising: a first feed horn and a second feed horn for controlling the phase of the electromagnetic wave of the angular momentum generating unit;
the first feed horn and the second feed horn are respectively arranged in two orthogonal polarization directions of the angular momentum generator;
or directly replace first feed loudspeaker with a dual polarized loudspeaker the second feed loudspeaker, realize many modes of many loudspeaker feeds and single loudspeaker feeds.
9. An angular momentum generation method applied to the angular momentum generator according to any one of claims 7 to 8, the angular momentum generation method comprising:
acquiring phase data of angular momentum generating units in the x direction and the y direction; the angular momentum generating unit includes: the metal patch comprises a first metal patch, a second metal patch, a third metal patch and a fourth metal patch;
in the x direction, by adjusting the connection state between the first metal patch and the third metal patch and adjusting the connection state between the second metal patch and the fourth metal patch, the phase of the electromagnetic wave in the x direction shifts by 180 ° or 0 ° when passing through the angular momentum generating unit, so as to obtain a position corresponding to the x-direction phase data;
in the y direction, by adjusting the connection state between the first metal patch and the second metal patch and adjusting the connection state between the third metal patch and the fourth metal patch, the phase of the electromagnetic wave in the y direction shifts by 180 ° or 0 ° when passing through the angular momentum generating unit, so as to obtain a position corresponding to the y-direction phase data;
and generating angular momentum in the x direction and the y direction of full duplex according to the adjusted phase of the angular momentum generating unit.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210407684.1A CN114512807B (en) | 2022-04-19 | 2022-04-19 | Angular momentum generating unit, generator and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210407684.1A CN114512807B (en) | 2022-04-19 | 2022-04-19 | Angular momentum generating unit, generator and method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114512807A CN114512807A (en) | 2022-05-17 |
| CN114512807B true CN114512807B (en) | 2022-08-02 |
Family
ID=81554986
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210407684.1A Active CN114512807B (en) | 2022-04-19 | 2022-04-19 | Angular momentum generating unit, generator and method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114512807B (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108539426A (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2018-09-14 | 上海航天电子有限公司 | The lens and method of multimode vortex electromagnetic wave are generated based on a bit transmission-type digital coding Meta Materials |
| CN112382857A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-02-19 | 西安电子科技大学 | Broadband reflection super-surface antenna for generating vortex wave based on 1bit phase encoding |
| CN114256629A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-03-29 | 电子科技大学 | Ka frequency band broadband reconfigurable reflection unit and array antenna |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9432144B2 (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2016-08-30 | Ciena Corporation | Precision time transfer systems and methods in optical networks |
| CN105552556B (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2018-03-06 | 西安电子科技大学 | Orbital angular momentum vortex wave beam generation device and method |
-
2022
- 2022-04-19 CN CN202210407684.1A patent/CN114512807B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108539426A (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2018-09-14 | 上海航天电子有限公司 | The lens and method of multimode vortex electromagnetic wave are generated based on a bit transmission-type digital coding Meta Materials |
| CN112382857A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-02-19 | 西安电子科技大学 | Broadband reflection super-surface antenna for generating vortex wave based on 1bit phase encoding |
| CN114256629A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-03-29 | 电子科技大学 | Ka frequency band broadband reconfigurable reflection unit and array antenna |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN114512807A (en) | 2022-05-17 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107949955B (en) | Lensed antennas for cellular and other communication systems | |
| EP0624919B1 (en) | Multi-beam antenna apparatus | |
| Castillo-Tapia et al. | Two-dimensional beam steering using a stacked modulated geodesic Luneburg lens array antenna for 5G and beyond | |
| US6252549B1 (en) | Apparatus for receiving and transmitting radio signals | |
| CN113451764A (en) | Multi-order sequentially-rotating circularly polarized antenna array | |
| US20230378652A1 (en) | Dual-frequency and dual-circularly-polarized transmit-array antenna with independently controllable beams | |
| CN111740226B (en) | Design method for dual-polarization orbital angular momentum state multiplexing super surface | |
| Vidarsson et al. | Conformal parallel plate waveguide polarizer integrated in a geodesic lens antenna | |
| CN215266685U (en) | Broadband dual-polarization multi-beam orbital angular momentum antenna and communication equipment | |
| Juneja et al. | Design considerations for implementation of planar antennas for millimeter wave (mmW) 5G network: a review | |
| CN114498061B (en) | Frequency selection surface unit, frequency selection surface and frequency selection method | |
| Wang et al. | A low-profile wide-angle reconfigurable transmitarray antenna using phase transforming lens with virtual focal source | |
| CN107546478B (en) | Wide-angle scanning phased array antenna adopting special directional diagram array elements and design method | |
| Liu et al. | A fixed-frequency beam-scanning leaky-wave antenna using phase and amplitude control for millimeter-wave applications | |
| CN114512807B (en) | Angular momentum generating unit, generator and method | |
| Ryan et al. | A broadband transmitarray using double square ring elements | |
| CN115360524A (en) | Broadband low-profile dual-polarized reflection super surface and application thereof in antenna | |
| CN114465012A (en) | Broadband lens for generating deflecting Bessel multi-beam and regulation and control method | |
| US12034210B2 (en) | Leaky wave antenna | |
| CN115548692A (en) | Lens unit, lens array, and array antenna | |
| Chen et al. | Dual-polarized geodesic lens antenna at sub-THz | |
| Wang et al. | High-Gain and Beam-Switchable Multi-Beam Holographic Metasurface Antenna Array Coated with Phase-Correcting Metasurface | |
| Emara et al. | A segmented periodic slot array leaky‐wave antenna for beamforming applications | |
| Shao et al. | A Hybrid Antenna-Metasurface Architecture for mmWave and THz Massive MIMO | |
| CN114094328B (en) | Antenna unit group and antenna array |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |