CN112382857A - Broadband reflection super-surface antenna for generating vortex wave based on 1bit phase encoding - Google Patents
Broadband reflection super-surface antenna for generating vortex wave based on 1bit phase encoding Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
- H01Q15/242—Polarisation converters
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Abstract
The invention provides a broadband reflection super-surface antenna for generating vortex waves based on 1bit phase coding, which is used for solving the technical problems of narrower bandwidth and lower gain in the prior art and comprises a reflection super-surface and a feed source fixed at the focus position of the reflection super-surface; the reflection super surface comprises M multiplied by N super surface units which are periodically arranged, each super surface unit comprises a dielectric plate, the upper surface of the dielectric plate is printed with a polarization rotating metal patch, the lower surface of the dielectric plate is printed with a reflection metal bottom plate, the polarization rotating metal patch adopts a quasi-rhombus structure formed by removing two vertexes on a long symmetry axis of a rhombus metal patch, and the deflection direction of the long symmetry axis of the polarization rotating metal patch passes through a binary phase compensation value of the central position of the polarization rotating metal patch
And (4) determining. The super-surface unit can polarize and rotate linearly polarized electromagnetic waves radiated by the feed source, so that stable '0' and 'pi' phase quantization in a broadband range is realized, and spherical waves radiated by the feed source are converted into vortex electromagnetic waves through 1bit phase coding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of transformation optics and wireless communication, relates to a broadband reflection super-surface antenna, and particularly relates to a broadband reflection super-surface antenna for generating vortex waves based on 1bit phase encoding, which can be used in the fields of wireless communication, radar imaging and the like.
Technical Field
The rapid growth of communication and data transmission services and the rise of cloud computing and the internet make electromagnetic field communication spectrum resources increasingly crowded, so the contradiction between the increasing communication demand and the crowding of the spectrum resources needs to be solved urgently. The vortex electromagnetic wave has the unique characteristic that the vortex electromagnetic wave is orthogonal between two different vortex modes, and if the vortex electromagnetic wave is divided in different modes and applied to the field of multiplex transmission, the utilization efficiency of frequency spectrum resources can be greatly improved, so that the vortex electromagnetic wave has great application prospect, provides a brand-new solution for solving the increasingly prominent wireless communication frequency spectrum congestion problem, and can be widely applied to the fields of multiplex communication, imaging, optical communication and the like. As a key technology for vortex wave application, how to efficiently generate vortex electromagnetic waves in the radio field has attracted extensive research interest. The typical method forms a spiral parabolic antenna by bending an existing parabolic antenna into a spiral curve, but this method has disadvantages of a non-planar structure, a large volume, a heavy weight, and high manufacturing complexity. A uniform circular array is also a common method for generating vortex, the array needs a feed network, the complexity of the feed network rises steeply with the increase of the mode number, but the complex feed system causes large gain loss, low efficiency and high cost.
In order to meet the requirement of miniaturization of modern wireless communication systems, the research on low-profile broadband reflection super-surface antennas generating vortex waves is of practical application value. Factors such as gain, radiation direction, beam directivity and phase response of the antenna affect the cross-sectional structure, and in order to have good radiation direction and beam directivity and ensure the gain, if the complexity of antenna manufacture is reduced, the phase control structure is simple and stable. The electromagnetic wave regulated by using a phase quantization mechanism can be called a digital coding super surface, and as the simplest digital coding super surface, a 1-bit super surface only comprises two types of units, the corresponding phase responses of which are respectively 0 and pi, and the units are respectively called as 'bit 0' and 'bit 1'. The digital coding super surface can regulate and control electromagnetic waves to realize different functions, and the flexibility of electromagnetic wave control is further improved. On the other hand, in most wireless communication system application scenarios, a high gain antenna plays an important role. Conventional high gain antennas, such as parabolic reflectors or antenna arrays, are often very complex and costly, and the development of reflective array antennas alleviates the disadvantages associated with parabolic reflectors or conventional arrays. For example, Hui-Fen Huang, Shuai-Nan Li et al published an academic paper With High-Efficiency Planar reflection With Small-Size for OAM Generation at page 432 to page 436 of 2019 on IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, and proposed a super-surface reflection antenna capable of generating vortex electromagnetic waves, which also uses a horn antenna as a source for irradiation, the center of the source being located on the central axis of the array antenna. The reflection array antenna adopts a medium substrate and an air cavity laminated two-layer structure, a super surface formed by periodically arranging 10 multiplied by 10 radiation units is arranged on the upper surface of the medium substrate, the radiation units are two concentric rings, the sizes of the radiation units are the same, and the radius of the ring of the corresponding radiation unit at each position on the medium substrate is controlled to reach a specific phase relation, so that vortex electromagnetic waves are generated, the multiplexing of multi-mode vortex beams is realized, a narrow emission angle of 9 degrees and a 15.4dBi gain are achieved, but the antenna only works at a central frequency, the requirement of modern communication broadband is difficult to achieve, the caliber efficiency is too low, and the high gain characteristic cannot be achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a broadband reflection super-surface antenna for generating vortex waves based on 1bit phase coding, which is used for solving the technical problems of narrow bandwidth and low gain in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises a reflecting super surface 1 and a feed source 2 fixed at the focal position of the reflecting super surface 1, wherein:
the reflection super surface 1 comprises M multiplied by N super surface units 11 which are periodically arranged, wherein M is more than or equal to 50, and N is more than or equal to 50; the super-surface unit 11 includes a square dielectric plate 111, a polarization rotation metal patch 112 printed on the upper surface of the dielectric plate 111, and a reflective metal bottom plate 113 printed on the lower surface of the dielectric plate, the polarization rotation metal patch 112 adopts a quasi-diamond structure formed by removing two vertexes on a long symmetry axis of a diamond metal patch, the long symmetry axis of the quasi-diamond structure coincides with a diagonal line of the dielectric plate 111, a central normal line of the polarization rotation metal patch 112 coincides with a central normal line of the dielectric plate 111, and a deflection direction of the long symmetry axis of the polarization rotation metal patch 112 passes through a binary phase compensation value of a central position of the polarization rotation metal patch 112
Determining, wherein:
wherein (x)i,yi) Representing the coordinates of the center position of the i-th polarization rotating metal patch 112,
indicating that the super surface unit 11 is in the "bit 0" state,
indicating that the super surface unit 11 is in the "bit 1" state,
(x) shows the phase distribution of the vortex wave at the center of the i-th polarization rotating metal patch 112f,yf,zf) The coordinate of the focal position of the reflection super surface 1 is shown, lambda represents the wavelength corresponding to the central working frequency of the reflection super surface 1, and l represents the number of vortex wave modes.
In the broadband reflection super-surface antenna for generating vortex waves based on 1bit phase encoding, the ratio of the length L of the long symmetry axis to the length W of the short symmetry axis of the polarization rotation metal patch 112 is 2.2, and the length of the long symmetry axis of the polarization rotation metal patch 112 without removing two diamond-shaped metal patches before the vertexes is smaller than that of the polarization rotation metal patch 112
p represents the side length of the dielectric sheet 111.
The broadband reflection super-surface antenna for generating vortex waves based on 1bit phase encoding is characterized in that the feed source 2 adopts a rectangular horn antenna.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the long symmetry axis of the quasi-rhombic polarization rotating metal patch printed at the center of the upper surface of the dielectric plate is coincided with one diagonal line of the dielectric plate, the center normal line of the polarization rotating metal patch is coincided with the center normal line of the dielectric plate, the deflection direction of the long symmetry axis of the quasi-rhombic polarization rotating metal patch is determined according to the phase compensation value of the position of the quasi-rhombic metal patch, the linear polarization electromagnetic wave radiated by the feed source can be subjected to polarization rotation to realize stable '0' and 'pi' phase quantization in a broadband range, then the spherical wave radiated by the feed source is converted into vortex electromagnetic wave through 1bit phase coding, and compared with the prior art which only works at the central frequency caliber with too low efficiency and is difficult to meet the requirement of modern communication broadband, the linear polarization high-efficiency conversion and the high-gain radiation characteristic are simultaneously considered.
2. The invention forms the super-surface reflection antenna by the single-layer dielectric plate, the polarization rotating metal patch printed on the upper surface of the dielectric plate and the reflection metal bottom plate printed on the lower surface of the dielectric plate, and compared with the prior multi-layer structure technology, the invention further reduces the thickness and the processing difficulty of the antenna and realizes the miniaturization of the antenna.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a super-surface unit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of a reflection coefficient and polarization conversion simulation for an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of a simulation of the reflected phase response of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a parametric simulation of an array of embodiments of the present invention, wherein FIG. 5(a) is a plot of modal directivity patterns, FIG. 5(b) is a plot of modal wavefront phase, and FIG. 5(c) is a plot of modal electric field strength;
FIG. 6 is a graph of a simulation of the gain of an embodiment of the present invention with an eigenmode of +1 at 18GHz to 36 GHz.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following figures and specific examples:
referring to fig. 1, the present invention comprises a reflecting super surface 1 and a feed source 2 fixed at the focus position of the reflecting super surface 1 through a non-metal support, wherein:
the reflective super-surface 1 includes M × N super-surface units 11 arranged periodically, where M is 50 and N is 50 in this embodiment.
The super-surface unit 11, as shown in fig. 2, includes a square dielectric board 111, a polarization rotation metal patch 112 printed on the upper surface of the dielectric board 111, and a reflective metal base 113 printed on the lower surface.
The dielectric constant of the dielectric plate 111 is 3.55, the thickness h is 1mm, and the side length p is 2.4 mm;
the polarized rotating metal patch 112 adopts a quasi-diamond structure formed by removing two vertexes on the long symmetry axis of the diamond metal patch, the ratio of the length L of the long symmetry axis to the length W of the short symmetry axis is 2.2, and the diamond before the two vertexes of the polarized rotating metal patch 112 are not removedThe length of the long symmetry axis of the metal patch is less than
p represents the side length of the dielectric sheet 111. The major axis L of the rhombus-shaped metal patch is 3.3mm, the minor axis W of the rhombus-shaped metal patch is 1.4mm, and the major axis L of the quasi-rhombus-shaped metal patch 112 formed by removing two vertexes is 3.1mm and the minor axis W is 1.4 mm. The long symmetry axis of the polarized rotating metal patch 112 coincides with a diagonal line of the dielectric plate 111, the central normal line of the polarized rotating metal patch 112 coincides with the central normal line of the dielectric plate 111, and the deflection direction of the long symmetry axis of the polarized rotating metal patch 112 passes through the binary phase compensation value of the central position of the polarized rotating metal patch 112
Determining, wherein:
wherein (x)i,yi) Representing the coordinates of the center position of the i-th polarization rotating metal patch 112,
indicating that the super surface unit 11 is in the "bit 0" state,
indicating that the super surface unit 11 is in the "bit 1" state,
(x) shows the phase distribution of the vortex wave at the center of the i-th polarization rotating metal patch 112f,yf,zf) The coordinate of the focal position of the reflection super surface 1 is shown, lambda represents the wavelength corresponding to the central working frequency of the reflection super surface 1, and l represents the number of vortex wave modes.
The feed source 2 adopts a rectangular horn antenna structure, the distance between the center of a horn mouth and the center of the reflection super surface 1 is 98mm, and the total size of the reflection super surface 1 is 140 multiplied by 140mm2。
The bracket is made of resin material FR4_ epoxy, and the dielectric constant of the bracket is 4.4.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: when the feed source 2 is incident with a co-polarized electromagnetic wave, the super-surface unit 11 is equivalent to an ideal electric conductor of an incident wave, so that a reflected wave in the opposite direction of the incident wave is generated; meanwhile, the super-surface unit 11 is equivalent to an ideal magnetic conductor for cross-polarized incident waves, so that reflected waves with the same direction as the incident waves are generated; the reflected wave in the opposite direction and the reflected wave in the same direction thus generate a composite reflected wave that converts the polarization of the polarized incident wave into an orthogonal direction. Because the super-surface unit 11 and the unit adjacent to the super-surface unit in the array have opposite directions, stable pi phase shift is generated mutually, and 1bit phase quantization is realized. When the quasi-rhombic metal patches 112 on the reflection super-surface 1 are arranged in a gradient manner according to the vortex phase compensation value, linearly polarized electromagnetic waves received by the quasi-rhombic metal patches 112 are reflected by the metal base plate 113, and the function of vortex wave radiation is realized.
The technical effects of the invention are further explained by combining simulation experiments as follows:
1. simulation conditions and contents:
the above embodiment was performed using the commercial simulation software HFSS — 15.0;
simulation 3, simulating each modal directional diagram, wave front phase and electric field intensity of the broadband reflection super surface antenna 1 in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, wherein fig. 5(a) is each modal directional diagram, fig. 5(b) is each modal wave front phase diagram, and fig. 5(c) is each modal electric field intensity;
simulation 4, simulating the gain of the broadband reflection super-surface antenna 1 with the intrinsic mode of +1 in the range from 18GHz to 36GHz in the embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 6;
2. simulation measurement result analysis:
referring to FIG. 3, cross polarization (R) is shownxy) And homopolarization (R)yy) Reflection coefficient versus frequency. In the frequency range of 18GHz to 36GHz, RxyHigher than-0.5 dB, RyyLower than-10 dB. Further, the calculation is defined as
The Polarization Conversion Rate (PCR) of (3) is as high as 95%. Referring to fig. 4, it is shown that from 18GHz to 36GHz, a stable 180-degree phase difference is provided between the "bit 0" and "bit 1" units due to the high-efficiency polarization conversion, so that stable 1-bit phase encoding is realized, and the method is consistent with the early theoretical analysis.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5(a) shows the far field pattern of l ═ 1, +2, and +3 patterns from left to right, fig. 5(b) shows the wavefront phase pattern and fig. 5(c) shows the electric field pattern, the sampling plane is disposed above the array, and the distance is 750mm, and it can be seen that the far field pattern shows good characteristics. From the wavefront phase map, the main features of the spiral phase pattern can be identified and the number of generated OAM waveforms is determined. Furthermore, the zero intensity region of the wave center is well observed. Simulation results show that OAM waves with different moduli can be effectively generated by using the proposed reflecting super-surface, and a divergence angle of 4 degrees is achieved, so that compared with a divergence angle of 9 degrees in a reference document, the OAM wave generating device has great advantages and is beneficial to long-distance propagation of the OAM waves.
Referring to fig. 6, the gain variation of the eigenmode +1 at the operating frequency is shown, and it is shown that the gain from 18GHz to 36GHz is greater than 21dBi, and the peak value reaches 24.3dBi, and simultaneously the gain bandwidths of 1dB and 3dB reach 18.1% and 34.7%, respectively, which has obvious advantages compared with the reference in which only the operating center frequency and only 15.4dBi gain at the highest are used, and meets the requirement of the modern communication broadband.
The foregoing description is only an example of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation to the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations in form and detail may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention after understanding the content and principle of the present invention, but these modifications and variations are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The broadband reflection super-surface antenna for generating vortex waves based on 1bit phase coding is characterized by comprising a reflection super-surface (1) and a feed source (2) fixed at the focal position of the reflection super-surface (1), wherein:
the reflection super surface (1) comprises M multiplied by N super surface units (11) which are periodically arranged, wherein M is more than or equal to 50, and N is more than or equal to 50; the super-surface unit (11) comprises a square-shaped dielectric slab (111), a polarization rotating metal patch (112) printed on the upper surface of the dielectric slab (111) and a reflective metal bottom plate (113) printed on the lower surface of the dielectric slab (111), the polarization rotating metal patch (112) adopts a quasi-diamond structure formed by removing two vertexes on a long symmetry axis of the diamond metal patch, the long symmetry axis of the quasi-diamond structure is superposed with a diagonal line of the dielectric slab (111), the central normal line of the polarization rotating metal patch (112) is superposed with the central normal line of the dielectric slab (111), and the deflection direction of the long symmetry axis of the polarization rotating metal patch (112) passes through a binary phase compensation value of the central position of the polarization rotating metal patch (112)
Determining, wherein:
wherein (x)i,yi) Representing the coordinates of the center position of the i-th polarization rotating metal patch (112),
indicating that the super surface unit (11) is in the state of bit0,
indicating that the super surface unit (11) is in the state of bit1,
(x) shows the phase distribution of the vortex wave at the center of the i-th polarization rotating metal patch (112)f,yf,zf) The focal position coordinate of the reflection super surface (1) is shown, lambda represents the wavelength corresponding to the central working frequency of the reflection super surface (1), and l represents the number of vortex wave modes.
2. The broadband reflection super surface antenna for generating vortex waves based on 1bit phase coding as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of the length L of the long symmetry axis to the length W of the short symmetry axis of the polarized rotating metal patch (112) is 2.2, and the length of the long symmetry axis of the polarized rotating metal patch (112) without removing the diamond-shaped metal patch before the two vertexes is less than that of the diamond-shaped metal patch before the two vertexes
p represents the side length of the dielectric sheet (111).
3. The broadband reflection super surface antenna for generating vortex waves based on 1bit phase coding according to claim 1, wherein the feed source (2) adopts a rectangular horn antenna.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN113109811A (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-07-13 | 东南大学 | Two-phase coding one-dimensional distance imaging method based on programmable super surface |
| CN114284742A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-04-05 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Multi-beam OAM system with digital coding transmission superstructure surface |
| CN114336075A (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-04-12 | 安徽师范大学 | Vortex electromagnetic super-surface structure and vortex electromagnetic wave generation method thereof |
| CN114512807A (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-05-17 | 鹏城实验室 | Angular momentum generating unit, generator and method |
| CN115036683A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-09-09 | 西安电子科技大学 | Reflective array antenna based on solar cell panel unit |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113109811A (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-07-13 | 东南大学 | Two-phase coding one-dimensional distance imaging method based on programmable super surface |
| CN113109811B (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2023-11-24 | 东南大学 | Two-phase coding one-dimensional distance imaging method based on programmable super surface |
| CN114284742A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-04-05 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Multi-beam OAM system with digital coding transmission superstructure surface |
| CN114284742B (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2023-06-30 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Multi-beam OAM system for digital coding transmission super-structured surface |
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| CN114336075B (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-11-22 | 安徽师范大学 | Vortex electromagnetic super-surface structure and vortex electromagnetic wave generation method thereof |
| CN114512807A (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-05-17 | 鹏城实验室 | Angular momentum generating unit, generator and method |
| CN114512807B (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-08-02 | 鹏城实验室 | Angular momentum generating unit, generator and method |
| CN115036683A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-09-09 | 西安电子科技大学 | Reflective array antenna based on solar cell panel unit |
| CN115036683B (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2024-02-02 | 西安电子科技大学 | Reflection array antenna based on solar panel unit |
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Application publication date: 20210219 |